Film thickness measurement techniques applied to micro-scale two-phase flow systems

Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science

Volumn 34, Issue 4, 2010, Pages 463-473

  Tibiriçá, Cristiano Bigonha ^a   do Nascimento, Francisco Júlio ^a   Ribatski, Gherhardt ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Annular flow; Convective boiling; Film thickness measurements; Microchannel; Two phase flow

Indexed keywords

ACCURATE MEASUREMENT; ANNULAR FLOWS; CONVECTIVE BOILING; FLOW BOILING HEAT TRANSFER; KEYPOINTS; LITERATURE REVIEWS; MACRO SCALE; MICRO-SCALES; SEMIEMPIRICAL MODELS;

EVAPORATION; FLOW PATTERNS; HEAT TRANSFER; LIQUID FILMS; MICROCHANNELS; THICKNESS GAGES; THICKNESS MEASUREMENT; TWO PHASE FLOW; VAPORS;

MAGNETIC FILMS;

EID: 77249084642     PISSN: 08941777     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2009.03.009     Document Type: Article

References (69)

1. L.M. Pua, S.O. Rumbold, Industrial Microchannel Devices: Where Are We Today?, in: Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels, Rochester, New York, USA, 2003.
2. S.J. Dewson, X. Li, Selection Criteria for the High Temperature Reactor Intermediate Heat Exchanger, in: Proceedings of the ICAPP ′05, Seoul, Korea, Paper 5333, 2005.
3. X. Li, R.L. Pierres and S.J. Dewson, Heat Exchangers for the Next Generation of Nuclear Reactors, in: Proceedings of the ICAPP '06, Reno, Nevada, USA, Paper 6105, 2006.
4. Thome J.R., Dupont V., and Jacobi A.M. Heat Transfer Model for Evaporation in Microchannels, Part I: Presentation of the Model. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 47 (2004) 3375-3385
5. Dupont V., Thome J.R., and Jacobi A.M. Heat transfer model for evaporation in microchannels, Part II: comparison with the database. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 47 (2004) 3387-3401
6. Qu W., and Mudawar I. Flow boiling heat transfer in two-phase micro-channel heat sinks-II, Annular two-phase flow model. International Journal of Heat Mass Transfer 46 (2003) 2773-2784
7. Saitoh S., Daiguji H., and Hihara H. Correlation for boiling heat transfer of R-134a in horizontal tubes including effect of tube diameter. International Journal Heat and Mass Transfer 50 (2007) 5215-5225
8. Revellin R., and Thome J.R. A theoretical model for the prediction of the critical heat flux. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 51 (2008) 1216-1225
9. C.B. Tibiriçá and G. Ribatski, Análise de dados experimentais e métodos para previsão do coeficiente de transferência de calor em micro-canais, in: Proceedings of The 1st Brazilian Meeting on Boiling, Condensation and Multiphase Flow, Florianópolis, Brazil, paper MF-103, 2008.
10. Steinbrenner J.E., Hidrovo C.H., Wang F., Vigneron S., Lee E.S., Kramer T.A., Cheng C., Eaton J.K., and Goodson K.E. Measurement and modeling of liquid film thickness evolution in stratified two-phase microchannel flows. Applied Thermal Engineering 27 (2007) 1722-1727
11. Hewitt G.F., and Whalley P.B. Advanced optical instrumentation methods. International Journal of Multiphase Flow 6 (1980) 139-156
12. Jones O.C., and Delhaye J.M. Transient and statistical measurement techniques for two-phase flow: a critical review. International Journal of Multiphase Flow 3 (1976) 89-116
13. Snoek C.W. A selection of new developments in multiphase flow measurement techniques. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 3 (1990) 60-73
14. Lu Q., Suryanarayana N.V., and Christodoulu C. Film thickness measurement with an ultrasonic transducer. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 7 (1993) 354-361
15. Pedersen P.C., Cakareski Z., and Hermanson J.C. Ultrasonic monitoring of film condensation for applications in reduced gravity. Ultrasonics 38 (2000) 486-490
16. R.D.M. Carvalho, O.J. Venturini, F. Neves Jr. and F.A. França, Axial bubbly flow topology: A comparative study using the ultrasonic technique and high-speed filming, in: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems, Bialystok, Poland, 2008.
17. Fukano T. Measurement of time varying thickness of liquid film flowing with high speed gas flow by a constant electric current method. Nuclear Engineering and Design 184 (1998) 363-377
18. Seleghim Jr. P., and Hervieu E. Direct imaging of two-phase flows by electrical impedance measurements. Measurement Science and Technology 9 (1998) 1492-1500
19. Jabardo J.M.S., and Bouré J.A. Experiments on void fractions waves. International Journal of Multiphase Flow 15 (1989) 483-493
20. Coney M.W.E. The theory and application of conductance probes for the measurement of liquid film thickness in two-phase flow. Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instrument 6 (1973) 903-910
21. Thwaites G.R., Kulov N.N., and Nedderman R.M. Liquid film properties in two-phase annular flow. Chemical Engineering Science 31 (1976) 466-481
22. Laurinat J.E., Hanratty T.J., and Dallman J.C. Pressure drop and film height measurements for annular gas-liquid flow. International Journal of Multiphase Flow 10 (1984) 341-356
23. De Jong P., and Gabriel K.S. A preliminary study of two-phase annular flow at microgravity: experimental data of film thickness. International Journal of Multiphase Flow 29 (2003) 1203-1220
24. Burns J.R., Ramshaw C., and Jachuck R.J. Measurement of liquid film thickness and the determination of spin-up radius on a rotating disc using an electrical resistance technique. Chemical Engineering Science 58 (2003) 2245-2253
25. R.A. Mazza and E.S. Rosa, Espessura de filme média em um escoamento horizontal padrão intermitente em golfadas (slug flow), in: Proceedings of the 11th Brazilian Congress of Thermal Sciences and Engineering - ENCIT, Curitiba, Brazil, 2006.
26. Kumar R., Gottmann M., and Sridhar K.R. Film thickness and wave velocity measurements in a vertical duct. Transactions of the ASME I: Jounal of Fluids Engineering 124 (2002) 634-642
27. Kang H.C., and Kim M.H. The development of a flush-wire probe and calibration method for measuring liquid film thickness. International Journal of Multiphase Flow 18 (1992) 423-437
28. Özgü M.R., Chen J.C., and Eberhardt N. A capacitance method for measurement of film thickness in two-phase flow. Review of Scientific Instruments 44 (1973) 1714-1716
29. Klausner J.F., Zeng L.Z., and Bernhard D.M. Development of a film thickness probe using capacitance for asymmetrical two-phase flow with heat addition. Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992) 3147-3152
30. Thorncroft G.E., and Klausner J.F. A Capacitance sensor for two-phase liquid Film thickness measurements in a square duct, Transactions of the ASME:. Journal of Fluids Engineering 119 (1997) 164-169
31. Liu S., Li J., and Chen Q. Visualization of flow pattern in thermosyphon by ECT. Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 18 (2007) 216-222
32. Ameur M.A., Stutz B., and Lallemand M. Unsteady natural convective boiling in a narrow vertical channel. Heat Transfer Engineering 28 (2007) 870-876
33. Coney J.E.R., El-Shafei E.A.M., and Sheppard C.G.W. A dual laser beam method for wavy film thickness measurement. Optics and Lasers in Engineering 11 (1989) 1-14
34. Ursenbacher T., Wojtan L., and Thome J.R. Interfacial measurements in stratified types of flow.Part I: New optical measurement technique and dry angle measurements. International Journal of Multiphase Flow 30 (2004) 107-124
35. Gstoehl D., Roques J.F., Crisinel P., and Thome J.R. Measurement of falling film thickness around a horizontal tube using a laser measurement technique. Heat Transfer Engineering 25 (2004) 28-34
36. de Oliveira F.S., Yanagihara I.J., and Pacífico A.L. Film thickness and wave velocity measurement using reflected laser intensity. Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 28 (2006) 30-36
37. Y. Utaka, Y. Tasaki and S. Okuda, Micro-liquid-layer behavior and heat transfer characteristics of boiling in a micro-channel vaporizer, in: Proceedings of the 10th Brazilian Congress of Thermal Science and Engineering - ENCIT, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, paper 0798, 2004.
38. Roy R.P., Ku J., Kaufman I., and Shukla J. Microwave method for measurement of liquid film thickness in gas-liquid flow. Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986) 952-956
39. T.A. Sheed, An automated optical liquid film thickness measurement method, Master thesis, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA, 1998.
40. Than C.F., Tee K.C., Low K.S., and Tso C.P. Optical measurement of slope, Thickness and velocity in liquid film flow. Smart Materials and Structures 2 (1993) 13-21
41. Yu S.C.M., Tso C.P., and Liew R. Analysis of thin film thickness determination in two-phase flow using a multifiber optical sensor. Applied Mathematical Modelling 20 (1996) 540-548
42. Hurlburt E.T., and Newell T.A. Optical measurement of liquid film thickness and wave velocity in liquid film flows. Experiments in Fluids 21 (1996) 357-362
43. Shedd T.A., and Newell T.A. Automated optical liquid film thickness measurement method. Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998) 4205-4213
44. Shedd T.A., and Newell T.A. Characteristics of the Liquid Film and Pressure Drop in Horizontal, Annular, Two-phase Flow Through Round, Square and Triangular Tubes. Transactions of the ASME: Journal of Fluids Engineering 126 (2004) 807-817
45. Pautsch A.G., and Shedd T.A. Adiabatic and diabatic measurements of the liquid film thickness during spray cooling with FC-72. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 49 (2006) 2610-2618
46. F.J. Nascimento, A.M. Santos and G. Ribatski, Desenvolvimento de um método óptico não intrusivo para determinação da espessura de filmes líquidos em escoamentos anulares, in: Proceedings of the 1st Brazilian Meeting on Boiling, Condensation and Multiphase Flow, Florianópolis, Brazil, paper EM-103, 2008.
47. Xishi W., and Qiu H. Fringe probing of liquid film thickness of a plug bubble in a micropipe. Measurement Science and Technology 16 (2005) 594-600
48. Zhang J.T., Wang B.X., and Peng X.F. Falling liquid film thickness measurement by an optical-electronic method. Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000) 1883-1886
49. Salazar R.P., and Marschall E. Thickness measurement in liquid film flow by laser scattering. Review of Scientific Instruments 46 (1975) 1539-1541
50. D. Fogg, R. Flynn, C. Hidrovo, L. Zhang and K. Goodson, Fluorescent imaging of void fraction in two-phase microchannels, in: Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on two-phase flow modeling and Experimentation, Pisa, Italy, 2004.
51. Makarytchev S.V., Langrish T.A.G., and Prince R.G.H. Thickness and velocity of wavy liquid films on rotating conical surfaces. Chemical Engineering Science 56 (2001) 77-87
52. Kim J., and Kim M.H. A photochromic dye activation method for measuring the thickness of liquid films. Measurement 39 (2006) 497-504
53. Jones A.C., Millington M., Muhl J., Freitas J.M., Barton J.S., and Gregory G. Calibration of an optical fluorescence method for film thickness measurement. Measurement Science and Technology 12 (2001) N23-N27
54. Hidrovo C.H., and Hart D.P. Emission reabsorption laser induced fluorescence (ERLIF) film thickness measurement. Measurement Science and Technology 12 (2001) 467-477
55. Takamasa T., and Hazuku T. Measuring interfacial waves on film flowing down a vertical plate wall in the entry region using laser focus displacement meters. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 43 (2000) 2807-2819
56. Takamasa T., and Kobayashi K. Measuring interfacial waves on film flowing down tube inner wall using laser focus displacement meter. International Journal of Multiphase Flow 26 (2000) 1493-1507
57. Y.B. Han and N. Shikazono, Thickness of liquid film formed in slug flow in micro tube, in: Proceedings of the ECI International Conference on Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Microscale, Whistler, Canada, 2008.
58. Rullière R., Lefèvre F., and Lallemand M. Prediction of the maximum heat transfer capability of two-phase heat spreaders-Experimental validation. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 50 (2007) 1255-1262
59. Zhou D.W., Gambaryan-Roisman T., and Stephan R. Measurement of water falling film thickness to flat plate using confocal chromatic sensoring technique. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 33 (2009) 273-283
60. Lel V.V., Al-Sibai F., Leefken A., and Renz U. Local thickness and wave velocity measurement of wavy films with chromatic confocal imaging method and a fluorescence intensity technique. Experiments in Fluids 39 (2005) 856-864
61. E. Hecht. Optics, 4th edition, Pearson Education Inc, San Francisco, USA.
62. Hariharan P. Optical interferometry. Reports on Progress in Physics 54 (1991) 339-390
63. Ohyama T., Endoh K., Mikami A., and Mori Y.H. Optical interferometry for measuring instantaneous thickness of transparent solid and liquid films. Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988) 2018-2022
64. Nozhat W.M. Measurement of liquid-film thickness by laser interferometry. Applied Optics 36 (1997) 7864-7869
65. Marklund O., and Gustafsson L. Interferometry-based measurements of oil-film thickness. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineering Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology 215 (2001) 243-259
66. Stahl P., and Rohr P.R. On the accuracy of void fraction measurements by single-beam gamma-densitometry for gas-liquid two-phase flows in pipes. Experimental. Thermal and Fluid Science 28 (2004) 533-544
67. Saito Y., Mishima K., Tobita Y., Suzuki T., and Matsubayashi M. Measurements of liquid-metal two-phase flow by using neutron radiography and electrical conductivity probe. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 29 (2005) 323-330
68. Mishima K., and Hibiki T. Quantitative limits of thermal and fluid phenomena measurements using the neutron attenuation characteristics of materials. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 12 (1996) 461-472
69. Revellin R., and Thome J.R. A new type of diabatic flow pattern map for boiling heat transfer in microchannels. Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 17 (2007) 788-796