메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 224, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 363-373

Ultrasound bioeffects and safety

Author keywords

Acoustic cavitation; Diagnostic ultrasound; Thermal effects; Ultrasound bioeffects; Ultrasound safety

Indexed keywords

ACOUSTIC CAVITATIONS; BIO-EFFECTS; BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS; BLOOD STREAMS; DIAGNOSTIC ULTRASOUND; IMAGING CONTRAST; MECHANICAL EFFECTS; MICROBUBBLE CONTRAST AGENTS; NATURALLY OCCURRING; ULTRASOUND PRESSURE; ULTRASOUND SAFETY;

EID: 76849109301     PISSN: 09544119     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1243/09544119JEIM613     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (69)

References (95)
  • 1
    • 56249088601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hazards, risks and safety of diagnostic ultrasound
    • Duck, F. A. Hazards, risks and safety of diagnostic ultrasound. Med. Engng Physics, 2008, 30, 1338-1348.
    • (2008) Med. Engng Physics , vol.30 , pp. 1338-1348
    • Duck, F.A.1
  • 5
    • 25444505869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency, pulse length, and the mechanical index
    • Church, C. C. Frequency, pulse length, and the mechanical index. Acoust. Res. Lett. Online, 2005, 6, 162-168.
    • (2005) Acoust. Res. Lett. Online , vol.6 , pp. 162-168
    • Church, C.C.1
  • 6
    • 0036815531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous, homogeneous nucleation inertial cavitation and the safety of diagnostic ultrasound
    • Church, C. C. Spontaneous, homogeneous nucleation, inertial cavitation and the safety of diagnostic ultrasound. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 2002, 28, 1349-1364.
    • (2002) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.28 , pp. 1349-1364
    • Church, C.C.1
  • 7
    • 33947117433 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of acoustic cavitation in the delivery and monitoring of cancer treatment by highintensity focused ultrasound (HIFU)
    • Coussios, C. C., Farny, C. H., ter Haar, G. R., and Roy, R. Role of acoustic cavitation in the delivery and monitoring of cancer treatment by highintensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). Int. J. Hyperthermia, 2007, 23(2), 105-120.
    • (2007) Int. J. Hyperthermia , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 105-120
    • Coussios, C.C.1    Farny, C.H.2    Ter Haar, G.R.3    Roy, R.4
  • 8
    • 0015451795 scopus 로고
    • Shear as a mechanism for sonically induced biological effects
    • Rooney, J. A. Shear as a mechanism for sonically induced biological effects. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 1972, 52, 1718-1724.
    • (1972) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.52 , pp. 1718-1724
    • Rooney, J.A.1
  • 9
    • 0026029121 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms for hemolysis by ultrasonic cavitation in the rotating exposure system
    • Miller, D. L., Thomas, R. M., and Williams, A. R. Mechanisms for hemolysis by ultrasonic cavitation in the rotating exposure system. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 1991, 17, 171-180.
    • (1991) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 171-180
    • Miller, D.L.1    Thomas, R.M.2    Williams, A.R.3
  • 10
    • 0003173532 scopus 로고
    • European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB). Tutorial paper: Genetic effects
    • European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB). Tutorial paper: genetic effects. Eur. J. Ultrasound, 1994, 1, 91-92.
    • (1994) Eur. J. Ultrasound , vol.1 , pp. 91-92
  • 13
    • 0028347174 scopus 로고
    • Effects of pulsed ultrasound on the mouse neonate: Hind limb paralysis and lung haemorrhage
    • Frizzell, L. A., Chen, E., and Lee, C. Effects of pulsed ultrasound on the mouse neonate: hind limb paralysis and lung haemorrhage. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 1994, 20, 53-63.
    • (1994) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 53-63
    • Frizzell, L.A.1    Chen, E.2    Lee, C.3
  • 14
    • 0038033064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of pulse polarity and energy on ultrasoundinduced lung hemorrhage in adult rats
    • Frizzell, L. A., O'Brien, W. D. Jr, and Zachary, J. F. Effect of pulse polarity and energy on ultrasoundinduced lung hemorrhage in adult rats. J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 2004, 113, 2912-2926.
    • (2004) J. Acoust. Soc. Am. , vol.113 , pp. 2912-2926
    • Frizzell, L.A.1    O'Brien Jr., W.D.2    Zachary, J.F.3
  • 15
    • 0028214968 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasound induced lung haemorrhage in the monkey
    • Tarantal, A. F. and Canfield, D. R. Ultrasound induced lung haemorrhage in the monkey. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 1994, 20, 65-72.
    • (1994) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.20 , pp. 65-72
    • Tarantal, A.F.1    Canfield, D.R.2
  • 18
    • 34247537539 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the threshold for lung hemorrhage by diagnostic ultrasound and a proposed new safety index
    • Church, C. C. and O'Brien, W. D. Jr Evaluation of the threshold for lung hemorrhage by diagnostic ultrasound and a proposed new safety index. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 2007, 33, 810-818.
    • (2007) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.33 , pp. 810-818
    • Church, C.C.1    O'Brien Jr., W.D.2
  • 21
    • 0034908240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal stimulation by pulsed diagnostic ultrasound
    • Fatemi, M., Ogburn, P. L., and Greenleaf, J. F. Fetal stimulation by pulsed diagnostic ultrasound. J. Ultrasound Med., 2001, 20, 883-889.
    • (2001) J. Ultrasound Med. , vol.20 , pp. 883-889
    • Fatemi, M.1    Ogburn, P.L.2    Greenleaf, J.F.3
  • 24
    • 0019949047 scopus 로고
    • The role of cavitation in the interaction of ultrasound with V79 Chinese hamster cells in vitro
    • Morton, K. I., ter Haar, G. R., Stratford, I. J., and Hill, C. R. The role of cavitation in the interaction of ultrasound with V79 Chinese hamster cells in vitro. Br. J. Cancer, 1982, 45, 147-150.
    • (1982) Br. J. Cancer , vol.45 , pp. 147-150
    • Morton, K.I.1    Ter Haar, G.R.2    Stratford, I.J.3    Hill, C.R.4
  • 25
    • 33745599293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measurement and correlation of acoustic cavitation with cellular bioeffects
    • Hallow, D. M., Mahajan, A. D., McCutchen, T. E., and Prausnitz, M. R. Measurement and correlation of acoustic cavitation with cellular bioeffects. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 2006, 32(70), 1111-1122.
    • (2006) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.32 , Issue.70 , pp. 1111-1122
    • Hallow, D.M.1    Mahajan, A.D.2    McCutchen, T.E.3    Prausnitz, M.R.4
  • 26
    • 33845341801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative relations of acoustic inertial cavitation with sonoporation and cell viability
    • Lai, C. Y., Wu, C. H., Chen, C. C., and Li, P. C. Quantitative relations of acoustic inertial cavitation with sonoporation and cell viability. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 2007, 32(12), 1931-1941.
    • (2007) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.32 , Issue.12 , pp. 1931-1941
    • Lai, C.Y.1    Wu, C.H.2    Chen, C.C.3    Li, P.C.4
  • 27
    • 0023771892 scopus 로고
    • Cell membrane damage by ultrasound at different cell concentrations
    • Elwart, J. W., Brettel, H., and Kober, L. O. Cell membrane damage by ultrasound at different cell concentrations. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 1988, 14, 43-50.
    • (1988) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.14 , pp. 43-50
    • Elwart, J.W.1    Brettel, H.2    Kober, L.O.3
  • 28
    • 0029933883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A re-evaluation of the concept that high cell concentrations 'protect' cells in vitro from ultrasonically induced lysis
    • Brayman, A. A., Church, C. C., and Miller, M. W. A re-evaluation of the concept that high cell concentrations 'protect' cells in vitro from ultrasonically induced lysis. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 1996, 22, 497-514.
    • (1996) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.22 , pp. 497-514
    • Brayman, A.A.1    Church, C.C.2    Miller, M.W.3
  • 29
    • 0014646747 scopus 로고
    • Biological action of ultrasound in relation to the cell cycle
    • Clarke, P. R. and Hill, C. R. Biological action of ultrasound in relation to the cell cycle. Exptl Cell Res., 1969, 58, 443.
    • (1969) Exptl Cell Res. , vol.58 , pp. 443
    • Clarke, P.R.1    Hill, C.R.2
  • 30
    • 33751333444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic applications of ultrasound
    • ter Haar, G. Therapeutic applications of ultrasound. Prog. Biophys. Molecular Biol., 2007, 93, 111-129.
    • (2007) Prog. Biophys. Molecular Biol. , vol.93 , pp. 111-129
    • Ter Haar, G.1
  • 31
    • 0017360034 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonic exposure modifies platelet morphology and function in vitro
    • Williams, A. R., Sykes, S. M., and O'Brien, W. D. Jr Ultrasonic exposure modifies platelet morphology and function in vitro. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 1977, 2(4), 311-317.
    • (1977) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.2 , Issue.4 , pp. 311-317
    • Williams, A.R.1    Sykes, S.M.2    O'Brien Jr., W.D.3
  • 32
    • 0042199467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro measurements of inertial cavitation thresholds in human blood
    • Deng, C. X., Xu, Q., Apfel, R. E., and Holland, C. K. In vitro measurements of inertial cavitation thresholds in human blood. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 1996, 22, 939-948.
    • (1996) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.22 , pp. 939-948
    • Deng, C.X.1    Xu, Q.2    Apfel, R.E.3    Holland, C.K.4
  • 35
    • 0018769561 scopus 로고
    • Platelet aggregation induced by ultrasound under specialised conditions in vitro
    • Miller, D. L., Nyborg, W. L., and Whitcomb, C. C. Platelet aggregation induced by ultrasound under specialised conditions in vitro. Science, 1979, 205, 505-507.
    • (1979) Science , vol.205 , pp. 505-507
    • Miller, D.L.1    Nyborg, W.L.2    Whitcomb, C.C.3
  • 36
    • 0014966213 scopus 로고
    • Haemolysis near an ultrasonically pulsating gas bubble
    • Rooney, J. A. Haemolysis near an ultrasonically pulsating gas bubble. Science, 1970, 169, 869-871.
    • (1970) Science , vol.169 , pp. 869-871
    • Rooney, J.A.1
  • 37
    • 76849113612 scopus 로고
    • Photometric detection of ATP release from human erythrocytes exposed to ultrasonically activated gas-filled pores
    • Williams, A. R. and Miller, D. L. Photometric detection of ATP release from human erythrocytes exposed to ultrasonically activated gas-filled pores. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 1980, 56, 1640-1643.
    • (1980) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.56 , pp. 1640-1643
    • Williams, A.R.1    Miller, D.L.2
  • 40
    • 0029103388 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasound contrast agents nucleate inertial cavitation in vitro
    • Miller, D. L. and Thomas, R. M. Ultrasound contrast agents nucleate inertial cavitation in vitro. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 1995, 21, 1059-1065.
    • (1995) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.21 , pp. 1059-1065
    • Miller, D.L.1    Thomas, R.M.2
  • 41
    • 0028947717 scopus 로고
    • Thresholds for hemorrhages in mouse skin and intestine induced by lithotripter shock waves
    • Miller, D. L. and Thomas, R. M. Thresholds for hemorrhages in mouse skin and intestine induced by lithotripter shock waves. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 1995, 21, 249-257.
    • (1995) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.21 , pp. 249-257
    • Miller, D.L.1    Thomas, R.M.2
  • 42
    • 0030806555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemolysis of 40% hematocrit, Albunex7-supplemented human erythrocytes by pulsed ultrasound: Frequency, acoustic pressure and pulse length dependence
    • Brayman, A. A., Strickler, P. L., Luan, H., Barned, S. L., Raeman, C. H., Cox, C., and Miller, M. W. Hemolysis of 40% hematocrit, Albunex7-supplemented human erythrocytes by pulsed ultrasound: frequency, acoustic pressure and pulse length dependence. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 1997, 23, 1237-1250.
    • (1997) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.23 , pp. 1237-1250
    • Brayman, A.A.1    Strickler, P.L.2    Luan, H.3    Barned, S.L.4    Raeman, C.H.5    Cox, C.6    Miller, M.W.7
  • 43
    • 0035009803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the hemolytic potential of Optison7 and Albunex7 in whole human blood in vitro: Acoustic pressure, ultrasound frequency, donor and passive cavitation detection considerations
    • Miller, M. W., Everbach, E. C., Cox, C., Knapp, R. R., Brayman, A. A., and Sherman, T. A. A comparison of the hemolytic potential of Optison7 and Albunex7 in whole human blood in vitro: Acoustic pressure, ultrasound frequency, donor and passive cavitation detection considerations. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 2001, 27, 709-721.
    • (2001) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.27 , pp. 709-721
    • Miller, M.W.1    Everbach, E.C.2    Cox, C.3    Knapp, R.R.4    Brayman, A.A.5    Sherman, T.A.6
  • 44
    • 12244291233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological and environmental factors affecting ultrasound induced hemolysis in vitro: 2. Medium dissolved gas (pO2) content
    • Miller, M. W., Everbach, E. C., Miller, W. M., and Battaglia, L. F. Biological and environmental factors affecting ultrasound induced hemolysis in vitro: 2. Medium dissolved gas (pO2) content. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 2003, 29, 93-102.
    • (2003) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.29 , pp. 93-102
    • Miller, M.W.1    Everbach, E.C.2    Miller, W.M.3    Battaglia, L.F.4
  • 45
    • 0030983613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of ultrasound-induced hemolysis with cavitation detector output in vitro
    • Everbach, E. C., Makin, I. R., Azadniv, M., and Meltzer, R. S. Correlation of ultrasound-induced hemolysis with cavitation detector output in vitro. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 1997, 23, 619-624.
    • (1997) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.23 , pp. 619-624
    • Everbach, E.C.1    Makin, I.R.2    Azadniv, M.3    Meltzer, R.S.4
  • 46
    • 0038076078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inertial cavitation dose and hemolysis produced in vitro with or without Optison7
    • Chen, W. S., Brayman, A. A., Matula, T. J., and Crum, L. A. Inertial cavitation dose and hemolysis produced in vitro with or without Optison7. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 2003, 29, 725-737.
    • (2003) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.29 , pp. 725-737
    • Chen, W.S.1    Brayman, A.A.2    Matula, T.J.3    Crum, L.A.4
  • 47
    • 0037998146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pulse lengthdependence of inertial cavitation dose and hemolysis
    • Chen, W. S., Brayman, A. A., Matula, T. J., Crum, L. A., and Miller, M. W. The pulse lengthdependence of inertial cavitation dose and hemolysis. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 2003, 29(5), 739-748.
    • (2003) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.29 , Issue.5 , pp. 739-748
    • Chen, W.S.1    Brayman, A.A.2    Matula, T.J.3    Crum, L.A.4    Miller, M.W.5
  • 48
    • 0032817956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haemorrhage in murine fetuses exposed to pulsed ultrasound
    • Dalecki, D., Child, S. Z., Raeman, C. H., and Cox, C. Haemorrhage in murine fetuses exposed to pulsed ultrasound. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 1999, 25, 1139-1144.
    • (1999) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.25 , pp. 1139-1144
    • Dalecki, D.1    Child, S.Z.2    Raeman, C.H.3    Cox, C.4
  • 50
    • 0021992894 scopus 로고
    • A search for ultrasonic cavitation within the canine cardiovascular system
    • Gross, D. R., Miller, D. L., and Williams, A. R. A search for ultrasonic cavitation within the canine cardiovascular system. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 1985, 11, 85-97.
    • (1985) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.11 , pp. 85-97
    • Gross, D.R.1    Miller, D.L.2    Williams, A.R.3
  • 51
    • 17044429451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular effects induced by combined 1-MHz ultrasound and microbubble contrast agent treatments in vivo
    • Hwang, J. H., Brayman, A. A., Reidy, M. A., Matula, T. J., Kimmey, M. B., and Crum, L. A. Vascular effects induced by combined 1-MHz ultrasound and microbubble contrast agent treatments in vivo. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 2005, 31, 553-564.
    • (2005) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.31 , pp. 553-564
    • Hwang, J.H.1    Brayman, A.A.2    Reidy, M.A.3    Matula, T.J.4    Kimmey, M.B.5    Crum, L.A.6
  • 52
    • 0034730121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic ultrasound activation of contrast agent gas bodies induces capillary rupture in mice
    • Miller, D. L. and Quddus, J. Diagnostic ultrasound activation of contrast agent gas bodies induces capillary rupture in mice. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci., 2000, 97, 10179-10184.
    • (2000) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. , vol.97 , pp. 10179-10184
    • Miller, D.L.1    Quddus, J.2
  • 54
    • 0037593641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of contrast ultrasonography with perflutren lipid microspheres on microvessel injury
    • Kobayashi, N., Yasu, T., Yamada, S., Kudo, N., Kuroki, M., Miyatake, K., Kawakami, M., and Saito, M. Influence of contrast ultrasonography with perflutren lipid microspheres on microvessel injury. Circulation J., 2003, 67(7), 630-636.
    • (2003) Circulation J. , vol.67 , Issue.7 , pp. 630-636
    • Kobayashi, N.1    Yasu, T.2    Yamada, S.3    Kudo, N.4    Kuroki, M.5    Miyatake, K.6    Kawakami, M.7    Saito, M.8
  • 55
    • 0141750513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of myocardial contrast echocardiography on vascular permeability: An in vivo dose response study of delivery mode, ultrasound power and contrast dose
    • Li, P., Cao, L. Q., Dou, C. Y., Armstrong, W. R., and Miller, D. L. Impact of myocardial contrast echocardiography on vascular permeability: an in vivo dose response study of delivery mode, ultrasound power and contrast dose. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 2003, 29, 1341-1349.
    • (2003) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.29 , pp. 1341-1349
    • Li, P.1    Cao, L.Q.2    Dou, C.Y.3    Armstrong, W.R.4    Miller, D.L.5
  • 56
    • 1042298887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of myocardial contrast echocardiography on vascular permeability: Comparison of three different contrast agents
    • Li, P., Armstrong, W. F., and Miller, D. L. Impact of myocardial contrast echocardiography on vascular permeability: comparison of three different contrast agents. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 2004, 30(1), 83-91.
    • (2004) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 83-91
    • Li, P.1    Armstrong, W.F.2    Miller, D.L.3
  • 57
    • 1042296549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of time and of vasoactive drugs on capillary leakage induced during myocardial contrast echocardiography
    • Miller, D. L., Li, P., and Armstrong, W. F. The effect of time and of vasoactive drugs on capillary leakage induced during myocardial contrast echocardiography. Echocardiography, 2004, 21, 125-132.
    • (2004) Echocardiography , vol.21 , pp. 125-132
    • Miller, D.L.1    Li, P.2    Armstrong, W.F.3
  • 59
    • 33845665269 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An in vivo rat model simulating imaging of human kidney by diagnostic ultrasound with gas-body contrast agent
    • Miller, D. L., Dou, C., and Wiggins, R. C., et al., An in vivo rat model simulating imaging of human kidney by diagnostic ultrasound with gas-body contrast agent. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 2007, 33, 129-135.
    • (2007) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.33 , pp. 129-135
    • Miller, D.L.1    Dou, C.2    Wiggins, R.C.3
  • 60
    • 34547138669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nephron injury induced by diagnostic ultrasound imaging at high mechanical index with gas body contrast agent
    • Williams, A. R., Wiggins, R. C., Wharram, B. L., Goyal, M., Dou, C., Johnson, K. J., and Miller, D. L. Nephron injury induced by diagnostic ultrasound imaging at high mechanical index with gas body contrast agent. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 2007, 33(8), 1336-1344.
    • (2007) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.33 , Issue.8 , pp. 1336-1344
    • Williams, A.R.1    Wiggins, R.C.2    Wharram, B.L.3    Goyal, M.4    Dou, C.5    Johnson, K.J.6    Miller, D.L.7
  • 61
    • 10044278240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Local and reversible blood-brain barrier disruption by noninvasive focused ultrasound at frequencies suitable for trans-skull sonications
    • Hynynen, K., McDannold, N., Sheikov, N. A., Jolesz, F. A., and Vykhodtseva, N. Local and reversible blood-brain barrier disruption by noninvasive focused ultrasound at frequencies suitable for trans-skull sonications. Neuroimage, 2005, 24, 12-20.
    • (2005) Neuroimage , vol.24 , pp. 12-20
    • Hynynen, K.1    McDannold, N.2    Sheikov, N.A.3    Jolesz, F.A.4    Vykhodtseva, N.5
  • 62
    • 33748084714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prenatal exposure to ultrasound waves impacts neuronal migration in mice
    • Ang, E. S. Jr, Gluncic, V., Duque, A., Schafer, M. E., and Rakic, P. Prenatal exposure to ultrasound waves impacts neuronal migration in mice. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci., 2006, 103(34), 12903-12910.
    • (2006) Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. , vol.103 , Issue.34 , pp. 12903-12910
    • Ang Jr., E.S.1    Gluncic, V.2    Duque, A.3    Schafer, M.E.4    Rakic, P.5
  • 63
    • 33847186988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are prenatal ultrasounds safe for the developing brain?
    • Gressens, P. and Huppi, P. S. Are prenatal ultrasounds safe for the developing brain? Pediatr. Res., 2007, 61(3), 265-266.
    • (2007) Pediatr. Res. , vol.61 , Issue.3 , pp. 265-266
    • Gressens, P.1    Huppi, P.S.2
  • 65
    • 0036737355 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic ultrasound during pregnancy: Effects of new standards on tissue heating and their relevance to hyperthermic teratogenicity
    • Miller, M. W., Nyborg, W. L., Dewey, W. C., Edwards, M. J., Abramowicz, J. S., and Brayman, A. A. Diagnostic ultrasound during pregnancy: effects of new standards on tissue heating and their relevance to hyperthermic teratogenicity. Int. J. Hyperthermia, 2002, 18, 361-384.
    • (2002) Int. J. Hyperthermia , vol.18 , pp. 361-384
    • Miller, M.W.1    Nyborg, W.L.2    Dewey, W.C.3    Edwards, M.J.4    Abramowicz, J.S.5    Brayman, A.A.6
  • 66
    • 0027342583 scopus 로고
    • Hyperthermia and birth defects [editorial]
    • Edwards, M. J. Hyperthermia and birth defects [editorial]. Cornell Vet, 1993, 83, 1-7.
    • (1993) Cornell Vet , vol.83 , pp. 1-7
    • Edwards, M.J.1
  • 67
    • 0031911338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maternal illness, including fever, and medication use as risk factors for neural tube defects
    • Shaw, G. M., Todoroff, K., Velie, E. M., and Lammer, E. J. Maternal illness, including fever, and medication use as risk factors for neural tube defects. Teratology, 1998, 57, 1-7.
    • (1998) Teratology , vol.57 , pp. 1-7
    • Shaw, G.M.1    Todoroff, K.2    Velie, E.M.3    Lammer, E.J.4
  • 68
    • 0018263121 scopus 로고
    • Hyperthermia and meningomyelocele and anencephaly
    • Chance, P. F. and Smith, D. W. Hyperthermia and meningomyelocele and anencephaly. Lancet, 1978, 1, 769-770.
    • (1978) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 769-770
    • Chance, P.F.1    Smith, D.W.2
  • 69
    • 0018981512 scopus 로고
    • Maternal fever and neural tube defects
    • Layde, P. M., Edmonds, L. D., and Erickson, J. D. Maternal fever and neural tube defects. Teratology, 1980, 21, 105-108.
    • (1980) Teratology , vol.21 , pp. 105-108
    • Layde, P.M.1    Edmonds, L.D.2    Erickson, J.D.3
  • 71
    • 0028092972 scopus 로고
    • Maternal flu, fever, and risk of neural tube defects: A population-based case-control study
    • Lynberg, M. C., Khoury, M. J., Lu, X., and Cocian, T. Maternal flu, fever, and risk of neural tube defects: a population-based case-control study. Am. J. Epidemiology, 1994, 140, 244-255.
    • (1994) Am. J. Epidemiology , vol.140 , pp. 244-255
    • Lynberg, M.C.1    Khoury, M.J.2    Lu, X.3    Cocian, T.4
  • 72
    • 2642617898 scopus 로고
    • Heat source exposure and neural tube defect risk
    • Werler, M. M., Louik, C., and Mitchell, A. A. Heat source exposure and neural tube defect risk. Am. J. Epidemiology, 1995, 142, 369.
    • (1995) Am. J. Epidemiology , vol.142 , pp. 369
    • Werler, M.M.1    Louik, C.2    Mitchell, A.A.3
  • 73
    • 0029041550 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonic heating of the brain of the fetal sheep in utero
    • Duggan, P. M., Liggins, G. C., and Barnett, S. B. Ultrasonic heating of the brain of the fetal sheep in utero. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 1995, 21, 553-560.
    • (1995) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.21 , pp. 553-560
    • Duggan, P.M.1    Liggins, G.C.2    Barnett, S.B.3
  • 74
    • 0032410857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo heating of the guinea-pig fetal brain by pulsed ultrasound and estimates of thermal index
    • Horder, M. H., Barnett, S. B., Vella, G. J., Edwards, M. J., and Wood, A. K. W. In vivo heating of the guinea-pig fetal brain by pulsed ultrasound and estimates of thermal index. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 1998, 24, 1467-1474.
    • (1998) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.24 , pp. 1467-1474
    • Horder, M.H.1    Barnett, S.B.2    Vella, G.J.3    Edwards, M.J.4    Wood, A.K.W.5
  • 75
    • 0032425204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrasound-induced temperature increase in guinea-pig fetal brain in utero: Third-trimester gestation
    • Horder, M. H., Barnett, S. B., Vella, G. J., Edwards, M. J., and Wood, A. K. W. Ultrasound-induced temperature increase in guinea-pig fetal brain in utero: third-trimester gestation. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 1998, 24, 1501-1510.
    • (1998) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.24 , pp. 1501-1510
    • Horder, M.H.1    Barnett, S.B.2    Vella, G.J.3    Edwards, M.J.4    Wood, A.K.W.5
  • 76
    • 0032752843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yolk sac and umbilicoplacental hemodynamics during early human embryonic development
    • Makikallio, K., Tekay, A., and Joupila, P. Yolk sac and umbilicoplacental hemodynamics during early human embryonic development. Ultrasound Obstet. Gynaec., 1999, 14, 175-179.
    • (1999) Ultrasound Obstet. Gynaec. , vol.14 , pp. 175-179
    • Makikallio, K.1    Tekay, A.2    Joupila, P.3
  • 78
    • 0034093155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of variations in blood flow on pulsed Doppler ultrasonic heating of the cerebral cortex of the neonatal pig
    • Duggan, P. M., Murcott, M. F., McPhee, A. J., and Barnett, S. B. The influence of variations in blood flow on pulsed Doppler ultrasonic heating of the cerebral cortex of the neonatal pig. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 2000, 26, 647-654.
    • (2000) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.26 , pp. 647-654
    • Duggan, P.M.1    Murcott, M.F.2    McPhee, A.J.3    Barnett, S.B.4
  • 80
    • 0026032595 scopus 로고
    • Gauging the likelihood of cavitation from short-pulse, low-duty cycle diagnostic ultrasound
    • Apfel, R. E. and Holland, C. K. Gauging the likelihood of cavitation from short-pulse, low-duty cycle diagnostic ultrasound. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 1991, 17, 179-185.
    • (1991) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.17 , pp. 179-185
    • Apfel, R.E.1    Holland, C.K.2
  • 81
  • 82
    • 64349104064 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrasound biosafety considerations for the practicing sonographers and sonologist
    • Nelson, T. R., Fowlkes, J. B., Abramowicz, J. S., and Church, C. C. Ultrasound biosafety considerations for the practicing sonographers and sonologist. J. Ultrasound Med., 2009, 28, 139-150.
    • (2009) J. Ultrasound Med. , vol.28 , pp. 139-150
    • Nelson, T.R.1    Fowlkes, J.B.2    Abramowicz, J.S.3    Church, C.C.4
  • 83
    • 15944397625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The output display standard: Has it missed its target?
    • Marsal, K. The output display standard: has it missed its target? Ultrasound Obstet. Gynaec., 2005, 25, 211-214.
    • (2005) Ultrasound Obstet.Gynaec. , vol.25 , pp. 211-214
    • Marsal, K.1
  • 84
    • 47749132673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Results of a survey of exposure conditions used in ultrasound scans in the UK
    • February 2007
    • ter Haar, G. Results of a survey of exposure conditions used in ultrasound scans in the UK, February 2007. Ultrasound, 2008, 16(2), 110-113.
    • (2008) Ultrasound , vol.16 , Issue.2 , pp. 110-113
    • Ter Haar, G.1
  • 86
    • 63049124351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observations of MI values during neonatal cardiac ultrasound scanning
    • Verma, P. Observations of MI values during neonatal cardiac ultrasound scanning. Ultrasound, 2008, 16(4), 203-207.
    • (2008) Ultrasound , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 203-207
    • Verma, P.1
  • 87
    • 0003753215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) NCRP report 140, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, Maryland
    • National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP). Exposure criteria for medical diagnostic ultrasound: 1. Criteria based on all known mechanisms, NCRP report 140, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, Maryland, 2002.
    • (2002) Exposure Criteria for Medical Diagnostic Ultrasound: 1. Criteria Based on All Known Mechanisms
  • 90
    • 76849116568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Information for manufacturers seeking marketing clearance of diagnostic ultrasound systems and transducers
    • US Department of Health and Human Services: Food and Drug Administration available from
    • FDA. Information for manufacturers seeking marketing clearance of diagnostic ultrasound systems and transducers. Division of Reproductive, Abdominal, Ear, Nose, Throat and Radiological Devices: Office of Device Evaluation. US Department of Health and Human Services: Food and Drug Administration, 1997, available from www.fda.gov/cdrh/ode/ulstran.pdf.
    • (1997) Division of Reproductive, Abdominal, Ear, Nose, Throat and Radiological Devices: Office of Device Evaluation
  • 91
    • 0003436808 scopus 로고
    • AIUM (American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Laurel, MD, USA)
    • AIUM. Medical ultrasound safety, 1994 (American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Laurel, MD, USA).
    • (1994) Medical Ultrasound Safety
  • 92
    • 0029912801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European federation for ultrasound in medicine and biology. Thermal and mechanical indices, ECMUS safety committee tutorial
    • Available from
    • European Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. Thermal and mechanical indices, ECMUS safety committee tutorial. Eur. J. Ultrasound, 1996, 4, 145-150. Available from www.efsumb. org.
    • (1996) Eur. J. Ultrasound , vol.4 , pp. 145-150
  • 93
    • 0001776819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conclusions and recommendations on thermal and non-thermal mechanisms for biological effects
    • WFUMB
    • WFUMB. Conclusions and recommendations on thermal and non-thermal mechanisms for biological effects. Ultrasound Med. Biol., 1998, 24(Suppl. 1), xv-xvi.
    • (1998) Ultrasound Med. Biol. , vol.24 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
  • 94
    • 33751336342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological prenatal ultrasound studies
    • Salvesen, K. Epidemiological prenatal ultrasound studies. Progr. Biophys. Molecular Biol., 2007, 93, 295-300.
    • (2007) Progr. Biophys. Molecular Biol. , vol.93 , pp. 295-300
    • Salvesen, K.1
  • 95
    • 33751350046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological studies on adverse effects of prenatal ultrasound - Which are the challenges?
    • Kieler, H. Epidemiological studies on adverse effects of prenatal ultrasound - Which are the challenges? Progr. Biophys. Molecular Biol., 2007, 93, 301-308.
    • (2007) Progr. Biophys. Molecular Biol. , vol.93 , pp. 301-308
    • Kieler, H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.