Healthy Brain Aging: Effect of Head Injury, Alcohol and Environmental Toxins

Clinics in Geriatric Medicine

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 29-44

  Kumar, Vikas ^a   Kinsella, Laurence J ^a  

^a SAINT LOUIS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Cognitive dysfunction; Dementia

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL; APOLIPOPROTEIN E; CARCINOGEN; GLUTATHIONE TRANSFERASE;

AGING; ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION; BRAIN FUNCTION; CLINICAL TRIAL; COGNITION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; CONFUSION; DEMENTIA; DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; GENE FREQUENCY; GENETIC POLYMORPHISM; HEAD INJURY; HUMAN; MENTAL HEALTH; META ANALYSIS; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OXIDATIVE STRESS; PARKINSON DISEASE; PATHOGENESIS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PROTEIN PROCESSING; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK REDUCTION; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY;

AGING; ALCOHOL-RELATED DISORDERS; BRAIN; BRAIN INJURIES; COGNITION DISORDERS; DEMENTIA; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; HUMANS; NOXAE; TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 76749101239     PISSN: 07490690     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2009.12.006     Document Type: Review

References (97)

1. Hoge C.W., Goldberg H.M., and Castro C.A. Care of war veterans with mild traumatic brain injury-flawed perspectives. N Engl J Med 360 (2009) 1588
2. Rutland-Brown W., Langlois J.A., Thomas K.E., et al. Incidence of traumatic brain injury in the United States, 2003. J Head Trauma Rehabil 21 (2006) 544
3. Albensi B.C., and Janigro D. Traumatic brain injury and its effects on synaptic plasticity. Brain Inj 17 (2003) 653
4. Institute of Medicine. Gulf war and health: volume 7: long-term consequences of traumatic brain injury (2008), National Academies Press, Washington, DC
5. Plassman B.L., Havlik R.J., Steffens D.C., et al. Documented head injury in early adulthood and risk of Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Neurology 55 (2000) 1158
6. Nemetz P.N., Leibson C., Naessens J.M., et al. Traumatic brain injury and time to onset of Alzheimer's disease: a population-based study. Am J Epidemiol 149 (1999) 32
7. McKee A.C., Cantu R.C., Nowinski C.J., et al. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in athletes: progressive tauopathy after repetitive head injury. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 68 (2009) 709
8. Tzourio C., Arima H., Harrap S., et al. APOE genotype, ethnicity, and the risk of cerebral hemorrhage. Neurology 70 (2008) 1322
9. Rapoport M., Wolf U., Herrmann N., et al. Traumatic brain injury, Apolipoprotein E-epsilon4, and cognition in older adults: a two-year longitudinal study. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 20 (2008) 68
10. Raymont V., Greathouse A., Reding K., et al. Demographic, structural and genetic predictors of late cognitive decline after penetrating head injury. Brain 131 (2008) 543
11. Graham D.I., Gentleman S.M., Nicoll J.A., et al. Is there a genetic basis for the deposition of beta-amyloid after fatal head injury?. Cell Mol Neurobiol 19 (1999) 19
12. Mauri M., Sinforiani E., Bono G., et al. Interaction between Apolipoprotein epsilon 4 and traumatic brain injury in patients with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment. Funct Neurol 21 (2006) 223
13. Jordan B.D., Relkin N.R., Ravdin L.D., et al. Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 associated with chronic traumatic brain injury in boxing. JAMA 278 (1997) 136
14. Alzheimer Research Forum Live Discussion: sports concussions, dementia, and ApoE genotyping: what can scientists tell the public? What's up for research?. J Alzheimers Dis 16 (2009) 657
15. Allen J.W., Knoblach S.M., and Faden A.I. Combined mechanical trauma and metabolic impairment in vitro induces NMDA receptor-dependent neuronal cell death and caspase-3-dependent apoptosis. FASEB J 13 (1999) 1875
16. Crawford F.C., Wood M., Ferguson S., et al. Genomic analysis of response to traumatic brain injury in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (APPsw). Brain Res 1185 (2007) 45
17. Knoblach S.M., Fan L., and Faden A.I. Early neuronal expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha after experimental brain injury contributes to neurological impairment. J Neuroimmunol 95 (1999) 115
18. Uryu K., Laurer H., McIntosh T., et al. Repetitive mild brain trauma accelerates Abeta deposition, lipid peroxidation, and cognitive impairment in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer amyloidosis. J Neurosci 22 (2002) 446
19. Lloyd E., Somera-Molina K., Van Eldik L.J., et al. Suppression of acute proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine upregulation by post-injury administration of a novel small molecule improves long-term neurologic outcome in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 5 (2008) 28
20. Bennouna M., Greene V.B., and Defranoux L. [Cholinergic hypothesis in psychosis following traumatic brain injury and cholinergic hypothesis in schizophrenia: a link?]. Encephale 33 (2007) 616
21. Dikranian K., Cohen R., Mac Donald C., et al. Mild traumatic brain injury to the infant mouse causes robust white matter axonal degeneration which precedes apoptotic death of cortical and thalamic neurons. Exp Neurol 211 (2008) 551
22. Kinsella L.J., and Riley D.E. RD: Nutritional disorders of the nervous system and the effects of alcohol. In: Goetz C.G. (Ed). Textbook of clinical neurology. 3rd edition (2007), Saunders Elsevier, Philadelphia xvii
23. Anttila T., Helkala E.L., Viitanen M., et al. Alcohol drinking in middle age and subsequent risk of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in old age: a prospective population based study. BMJ 329 (2004) 539
24. Ruitenberg A., van Swieten J.C., Witteman J.C., et al. Alcohol consumption and risk of dementia: the Rotterdam Study. Lancet 359 (2002) 281
25. Truelsen T., Thudium D., and Gronbaek M. Amount and type of alcohol and risk of dementia: the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Neurology 59 (2002) 1313
26. Salim A., Ley E.J., Cryer H.G., et al. Positive serum ethanol level and mortality in moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. Arch Surg 144 (2009) 865
27. Blazer D.G., and Wu L.T. The epidemiology of substance use and disorders among middle aged and elderly community adults: national survey on drug use and health. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 17 (2009) 237
28. Peters R., Peters J., Warner J., et al. Alcohol, dementia and cognitive decline in the elderly: a systematic review. Age Ageing 37 (2008) 505
29. Gronbaek M., Deis A., Becker U., et al. Alcohol and mortality: is there a U-shaped relation in elderly people?. Age Ageing 27 (1998) 739
30. Solfrizzi V., D'Introno A., Colacicco A.M., et al. Alcohol consumption, mild cognitive impairment, and progression to dementia. Neurology 68 (2007) 1790
31. Xu G., Liu X., Yin Q., et al. Alcohol consumption and transition of mild cognitive impairment to dementia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 63 (2009) 43
32. Huang W., Qiu C., Winblad B., et al. Alcohol consumption and incidence of dementia in a community sample aged 75 years and older. J Clin Epidemiol 55 (2002) 959
33. Letenneur L. Risk of dementia and alcohol and wine consumption: a review of recent results. Biol Res 37 (2004) 189
34. Luchsinger J.A., Tang M.X., Siddiqui M., et al. Alcohol intake and risk of dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 52 (2004) 540
35. Mehlig K., Skoog I., Guo X., et al. Alcoholic beverages and incidence of dementia: 34-year follow-up of the prospective population study of women in Goteborg. Am J Epidemiol 167 (2008) 684
36. Mukamal K.J., Kuller L.H., Fitzpatrick A.L., et al. Prospective study of alcohol consumption and risk of dementia in older adults. JAMA 289 (2003) 1405
37. Simons L.A., Simons J., McCallum J., et al. Lifestyle factors and risk of dementia: Dubbo Study of the elderly. Med J Aust 184 (2006) 68
38. Thomas V.S., and Rockwood K.J. Alcohol abuse, cognitive impairment, and mortality among older people. J Am Geriatr Soc 49 (2001) 415
39. Jarvenpaa T., Rinne J.O., Koskenvuo M., et al. Binge drinking in midlife and dementia risk. Epidemiology 16 (2005) 766
40. Brust J.C.M. Neurological aspects of substance abuse. 2nd edition (2004), Elsevier, Philadelphia
41. den Heijer T., Vermeer S.E., van Dijk E.J., et al. Alcohol intake in relation to brain magnetic resonance imaging findings in older persons without dementia. Am J Clin Nutr 80 (2004) 992
42. Pfefferbaum A., Sullivan E.V., Rosenbloom M.J., et al. A controlled study of cortical gray matter and ventricular changes in alcoholic men over a 5-year interval. Arch Gen Psychiatry 55 (1998) 905
43. Pfefferbaum A., Lim K.O., Zipursky R.B., et al. Brain gray and white matter volume loss accelerates with aging in chronic alcoholics: a quantitative MRI study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 16 (1992) 1078
44. Sullivan E.V. Compromised pontocerebellar and cerebellothalamocortical systems: speculations on their contributions to cognitive and motor impairment in nonamnesic alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 27 (2003) 1409
45. Munro C.A., Saxton J., and Butters M.A. Alcohol dementia: "cortical" or "subcortical" dementia?. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 16 (2001) 523
46. Schmidt K.S., Gallo J.L., Ferri C., et al. The neuropsychological profile of alcohol-related dementia suggests cortical and subcortical pathology. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 20 (2005) 286
47. Brun A., and Andersson J. Frontal dysfunction and frontal cortical synapse loss in alcoholism-the main cause of alcohol dementia?. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 12 (2001) 289
48. Davies S.J., Pandit S.A., Feeney A., et al. Is there cognitive impairment in clinically 'healthy' abstinent alcohol dependence?. Alcohol Alcohol 40 (2005) 498
49. Marinkovic K., Oscar-Berman M., Urban T., et al. Alcoholism and dampened temporal limbic activation to emotional faces. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 33 (2009) 1880-1892
50. Aminoff M., Yuen T.S., and Schwartz N.E. Effects of toxins and physical agents on the nervous system. In: Bradley W.G. (Ed). Neurology in clinical practice. 5th edition vol. II (2008), Butterworth-Heinemann/Elsevier, Philadelphia 1709
51. Shukla G.S., and Singhal R.L. The present status of biological effects of toxic metals in the environment: lead, cadmium, and manganese. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 62 (1984) 1015
52. Needleman H.L., Gunnoe C., Leviton A., et al. Deficits in psychologic and classroom performance of children with elevated dentine lead levels. N Engl J Med 300 (1979) 689
53. Stewart W.F., and Schwartz B.S. Effects of lead on the adult brain: a 15-year exploration. Am J Ind Med 50 (2007) 729
54. Parkinson D.K., Ryan C., Bromet E.J., et al. A psychiatric epidemiologic study of occupational lead exposure. Am J Epidemiol 123 (1986) 261
55. Khalil N., Morrow L.A., Needleman H., et al. Association of cumulative lead and neurocognitive function in an occupational cohort. Neuropsychology 23 (2009) 10
56. Niklowitz W.J., and Mandybur T.I. Neurofibrillary changes following childhood lead encephalopathy. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 34 (1975) 445
57. Wu J., Basha M.R., Brock B., et al. Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like pathology in aged monkeys after infantile exposure to environmental metal lead (Pb): evidence for a developmental origin and environmental link for AD. J Neurosci 28 (2008) 3
58. Graves A.B., van Duijn C.M., Chandra V., et al. Occupational exposures to solvents and lead as risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: a collaborative re-analysis of case-control studies. EURODEM Risk Factors Research Group. Int J Epidemiol 20 Suppl 2 (1991) S58
59. Koller W., Vetere-Overfield B., Gray C., et al. Environmental risk factors in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 40 (1990) 1218
60. Gorell J.M., Johnson C.C., Rybicki B.A., et al. The risk of Parkinson's disease with exposure to pesticides, farming, well water, and rural living. Neurology 50 (1998) 1346
61. Firestone J.A., Smith-Weller T., Franklin G., et al. Pesticides and risk of Parkinson disease: a population-based case-control study. Arch Neurol 62 (2005) 91
62. Costello S., Cockburn M., Bronstein J., et al. Parkinson's disease and residential exposure to maneb and paraquat from agricultural applications in the central valley of California. Am J Epidemiol 169 (2009) 919
63. Santamaria A.B., Cushing C.A., Antonini J.M., et al. State-of-the-science review: Does manganese exposure during welding pose a neurological risk?. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 10 (2007) 417
64. Marsh G.M., and Gula M.J. Employment as a welder and Parkinson disease among heavy equipment manufacturing workers. J Occup Environ Med 48 (2006) 1031
65. Fall P.A., Fredrikson M., Axelson O., et al. Nutritional and occupational factors influencing the risk of Parkinson's disease: a case-control study in southeastern Sweden. Mov Disord 14 (1999) 28
66. Seidler A., Hellenbrand W., Robra B.P., et al. Possible environmental, occupational, and other etiologic factors for Parkinson's disease: a case-control study in Germany. Neurology 46 (1996) 1275
67. Jankovic J. Searching for a relationship between manganese and welding and Parkinson's disease. Neurology 64 (2005) 2021
68. de la Monte S.M., Neusner A., Chu J., et al. Epidemilogical trends strongly suggest exposures as etiologic agents in the pathogenesis of sporadic Alzheimer's disease, diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Alzheimers Dis 17 (2009) 519
69. de la Monte S.M., and Tong M. Mechanisms of nitrosamine-mediated neurodegeneration: potential relevance to sporadic Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 17 (2009) 817-825
70. de la Monte S.M., Neusner A., Chu J., et al. Epidemilogical trends strongly suggest exposures as etiologic agents in the pathogenesis of sporadic Alzheimer's disease, diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. J Alzheimers Dis 17 (2009) 519-529
71. Ly P.T., Singh S., and Shaw C.A. Novel environmental toxins: steryl glycosides as a potential etiological factor for age-related neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurosci Res 85 (2007) 231
72. Murch S.J., Cox P.A., and Banack S.A. A mechanism for slow release of biomagnified cyanobacterial neurotoxins and neurodegenerative disease in Guam. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 101 (2004) 12228
73. Spencer P.S., Kisby G.E., and Ludolph A.C. Slow toxins, biologic markers, and long-latency neurodegenerative disease in the western Pacific region. Neurology 41 (1991) 62
74. Spencer P.S., Ludolph A.C., and Kisby G.E. Neurologic diseases associated with use of plant components with toxic potential. Environ Res 62 (1993) 106
75. Shaw C.A., and Hoglinger G.U. Neurodegenerative diseases: neurotoxins as sufficient etiologic agents?. Neuromolecular Med 10 (2008) 1
76. van Duijn C.M., Stijnen T., and Hofman A. Risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: overview of the EURODEM collaborative re-analysis of case-control studies. EURODEM Risk Factors Research Group. Int J Epidemiol 20 Suppl 2 (1991) S4
77. Hubble J.P., Kurth J.H., Glatt S.L., et al. Gene-toxin interaction as a putative risk factor for Parkinson's disease with dementia. Neuroepidemiology 17 (1998) 96
78. Rondeau V., Iron A., Letenneur L., et al. Analysis of the effect of aluminum in drinking water and transferrin C2 allele on Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurol 13 (2006) 1022
79. Tsai C.H., Lo S.K., See L.C., et al. Environmental risk factors of young onset Parkinson's disease: a case-control study. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 104 (2002) 328
80. Stern M., Dulaney E., Gruber S.B., et al. The epidemiology of Parkinson's disease. A case-control study of young-onset and old-onset patients. Arch Neurol 48 (1991) 903
81. Kessler I.I., and Diamond E.L. Epidemiologic studies of Parkinson's disease. I. Smoking and Parkinson's disease: a survey and explanatory hypothesis. Am J Epidemiol 94 (1971) 16
82. Thacker E.L., O'Reilly E.J., Weisskopf M.G., et al. Temporal relationship between cigarette smoking and risk of Parkinson disease. Neurology 68 (2007) 764
83. Quik M. Smoking, nicotine and Parkinson's disease. Trends Neurosci 27 (2004) 561
84. Ross G.W., and Petrovitch H. Current evidence for neuroprotective effects of nicotine and caffeine against Parkinson's disease. Drugs Aging 18 (2001) 797
85. Menegon A., Board P.G., Blackburn A.C., et al. Parkinson's disease, pesticides, and glutathione transferase polymorphisms. Lancet 352 (1998) 1344
86. Mooradian A.D. Effect of aging on the blood-brain barrier. Neurobiol Aging 9 (1988) 31
87. Koziorowski D., and Jasztal J. [Factors which can play important role in pathogenesis of Parkinson disease]. Neurol Neurochir Pol 33 (1999) 907
88. Danielson S.R., and Andersen J.K. Oxidative and nitrative protein modifications in Parkinson's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 44 (2008) 1787
89. Eizirik D.L., Spencer P., and Kisby G.E. Potential role of environmental genotoxic agents in diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 51 (1996) 1585
90. Enochs W.S., Sarna T., Zecca L., et al. The roles of neuromelanin, binding of metal ions, and oxidative cytotoxicity in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease: a hypothesis. J Neural Transm Park Dis Dement Sect 7 (1994) 83
91. Seth P.K., and Chandra S.V. Neurotransmitters and neurotransmitter receptors in developing and adult rats during manganese poisoning. Neurotoxicology 5 (1984) 67
92. Liu B., Gao H.M., Wang J.Y., et al. Role of nitric oxide in inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration. Ann N Y Acad Sci 962 (2002) 318
93. White L.D., Cory-Slechta D.A., Gilbert M.E., et al. New and evolving concepts in the neurotoxicology of lead. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 225 (2007) 1
94. Yun S.W., and Hoyer S. Effects of low-level lead on glycolytic enzymes and pyruvate dehydrogenase of rat brain in vitro: relevance to sporadic Alzheimer's disease?. J Neural Transm 107 (2000) 355
95. Bermejo F., Vega S., Olazaran J., et al. [Mild cognitive impairment in the elderly]. Rev Clin Esp 198 (1998) 159
96. Surmeier D.J. Calcium, ageing, and neuronal vulnerability in Parkinson's disease. Lancet Neurol 6 (2007) 933
97. Zecca L., Youdim M.B., Riederer P., et al. Iron, brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci 5 (2004) 863