Possible indications of beta-blockers in the perioperative period other than prevention of cardiac ischemia

Journal of Anesthesia

Volumn 24, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 81-95

  Kadoi, Yuji ^a   Saito, Shigeru ^a  

^a GUNMA UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

Author keywords

Anesthetic requirements; Beta blockers; Immunomodulation; Intraoperative

Indexed keywords

ADRENALIN; ALFENTANIL; ATENOLOL; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CARVEDILOL; CLONIDINE; DIGOXIN; ESMOLOL; FENTANYL; ISOFLURANE; ISOPRENALINE; LANDIOLOL; LIDOCAINE; METOPROLOL; MORPHINE; NADOLOL; NITROUS OXIDE; NORADRENALIN; PLACEBO; PROPOFOL; PROPRANOLOL; REMIFENTANIL; SUFENTANIL; TALINOLOL;

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASE; CONTINUOUS INFUSION; DEPRESSION; DISEASE CONTROL; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG INDICATION; DRUG INTERMITTENT THERAPY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG MEGADOSE; DRUG POTENTIATION; DRUG RESPONSE; ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION; FATIGUE; GENERAL ANESTHESIA; HEART INFARCTION; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; IMMUNOMODULATION; LIPID METABOLISM; LOADING DRUG DOSE; LOW DRUG DOSE; LUNG FUNCTION; MEMORY DISORDER; MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY OCCLUSION; NAUSEA; NEUROPROTECTION; NIGHTMARE; NONHUMAN; PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; REVIEW; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION; SLEEP DISORDER; TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY;

ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS; ANALGESICS; ANESTHETICS; ANIMALS; CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM; DRUG INTERACTIONS; HUMANS; IMMUNOMODULATION; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENTS; PERIOPERATIVE CARE;

EID: 76649100412     PISSN: 09138668     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00540-009-0865-x     Document Type: Review

References (140)

1. MJ London M Zaugg MC Schaub DR Spahn 2004 Perioperative beta-adrenergic receptor blockade Anesthesiology 100 170 175 14695739
2. LA Fleisher JA Beckman KA Brown H Calkins EL Charikof KE Fleischmann WK Freeman JB Froehlich EK Kasper JR Kersten B Riegel JF Robb 2006 ACC/AHA 2006 guideline update on perioperative cardiovascular evaluation for noncardiac surgery: focused update on perioperative beta-blocker therapy Circulation 113 2662 2674 16754815
3. BNC Prichard 1978 Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in hypertension, past, present and future Br J Clin Pharmacol 5 379 399 26370
4. M Zaugg MC Schaub T Pasch DR Spahn 2002 Modulation of beta-adrenergic receptor subtype activities in perioperative medicine: mechanisms and sites of action Br J Anaesth 88 101 123 11881864
5. M Zaugg T Tagliente E Lucchinetti E Jacobs M Krol C Bodian DL Reich JH Silverstein 1999 Beneficial effects from beta-adrenergic blockade in elderly patients undergoing noncardiac surgery Anesthesiology 91 1674 1686 10598610
6. JW Johansen G Schneider AM Windsor PS Sebel 1998 Esmolol potentiates reduction of minimum alveolar isoflurane concentration by alfentanil Anesth Analg 87 671 676 9728851
7. JW Johansen R Flaishon PS Sebel 1997 Esmolol reduces anesthetic requirement for skin incision during propofol/nitrous oxide/morphine anesthesia Anesthesiology 86 361 371
8. TH Stanley SD Lange MJ Boscoe ND Bruun 1982 The influence of chronic preoperative propranolol therapy on cardiovascular dynamics and narcotic requirements during operation in patients with coronary artery disease Can J Anaesth 29 319 324
9. I Smith JV Hemelrijck PF White 1991 Efficacy of esmolol versus alfentanil as a supplement to propofol-nitrous oxide anesthesia Anesth Analg 73 540 546 1683182
10. JW Johansen 2001 Esmolol promotes electroencephalographic burst suppression during propofol/alfentanil anesthesia Anesth Analg 93 1526 1531 11726435
11. M Coloma JW Chu PF White SC Armbruster 2001 The use of esmolol as an alternative to remifentanil during desflurane anesthesia for fast-track outpatient gynecologic laparoscopic surgery Anesth Analg 92 352 357 11159231 (Pubitemid 32127617)
12. C Menigaux B Guignard F Adam DI Sessler V Joly M Chauvin 2002 Esmolol prevents movement and attenuates the BIS response to orotracheal intubation Br J Anaesth 89 857 862 12453930
13. M Zaugg T Tagliente JH Silverstein E Lucchinetti 2003 Atenolol may not modify anesthetic depth indicators in elderly patients - a second look at the data Can J Anaesth 50 638 642 12944435
14. H Berkenstadt R Loebstein I Faibishenko H Halkin I Keidan A Perel 2002 Effect of a single dose of esmolol on the bispectral index scale (BIS) during propofol/fentanyl anesthesia Br J Anaesth 89 509 511 12402733
15. ES Wilson S McKinlay JM Crawford HM Robb 2004 The influence of esmolol on the dose of propofol required for induction of anesthesia Anaesthesia 59 122 126 14725513
16. I Ghosh PK Bithal HH Dash A Chaturvedi H Prabhakar 2008 Both clonidine and metoprolol modify anesthetic depth indicators and reduce intraoperative propofol requirement J Anesth 22 131 134 18500609
17. V Collard G Mistraletti A Taqi JF Asenjo LS Feldman GM Fried F Carli 2007 Intraoperative esmolol infusion in the absence of opioids spares postoperative fentanyl in patients undergoing ambulatory laparoscopic cholecystectomy Anesth Analg 105 1255 1262 17959952
18. Y Tanifuji EI Eger II 1976 Effect of isoproterenol and propranolol on halothane MAC in dogs Anesth Analg 55 383 387 945020
19. R Orme K Leslie A Umranikar A Ugoni 2002 Esmolol and anesthetic requirement for loss of responsiveness during propofol anesthesia Anesth Analg 93 112 116
20. MD Larson DI Sessler DE Washington BR Merrifield JA Hynson J McGuire 1993 Pupillary response to noxious stimulation during isoflurane and propofol anesthesia Anesth Analg 76 1072 1078 8484510
21. S Iguchi H Iwamura M Nishizaki A Hayashi K Senokuchi K Kobayashi K Sakaki K Hachiya Y Ichioka M Kawamura 1992 Development of a highly cardioselective ultra-short-acting beta-blocker, ONO-1101 Chem Pharm Bull 40 1462 1469 1356643
22. H Atarashi A Kuruma M Yashima H Saitoh T Ino Y Endoh H Hayakawa 2000 Pharmacokinetics of landiolol hydrochloride, a new ultra-short-acting beta-blocker, in patients with cardiac arrhythmias Clin Pharmacol Ther 68 143 150 10976545
23. J Sasao SD Traver JD Kindscher C Taneyama KT Benson H Goto 2001 In rabbits, landiolol, a new ultra-short-acting beta blocker, exerts a more potent negative chronotropic effect and less effect on blood pressure than esmolol Can J Anaesth 48 985 989 11698317
24. T Kurita K Takata K Morita S Sato 2008 Lipophilic beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol increases the hypnotic and anti-nociceptive effects of isoflurane in a swine model Br J Anaesth 100 841 845 18424803
25. 2O/fentanyl anesthesia in surgical patients Eur J Anaesthesiol 26 39 42 19122550
26. T Kurita K Takata M Uraoka K Morita S Sato 2007 Landiolol, an ultra-short-acting beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, does not alter the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration of isoflurane in a swine model Anesth Analg 105 656 660 17717219
27. T Kurita K Morita K Fukuda K Takata M Uraoka Y Sanjo S Sato 2006 Landiolol, an ultra-short-acting beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist, dose not alter the electroencephalographic effect of isoflurane in swine model Br J Anaesth 96 602 607 16567345
28. H Yang A Fayad 2003 Are beta-blockers anesthetics? Can J Anaesth 50 627 630 12944432
29. RS Ginsburg 1982 Is intravenous esmolol an acceptable substitute for an inadequate anesthetic? Anesth Analg 74 76 777
30. IF Rusell M Wang 2001 Absence of memory for intra-operative information during surgery with total intravenous anesthesia Br J Anaesth 86 196 202
31. RN Upton GL Ludbrook C Grant AM Martinez 1999 Cardiac output is a determinant of the initial concentrations of propofol after short infusion administration Anesth Analg 89 545 552 10475279
32. JF Antognini K Schwartz 1993 Exaggerated anesthetic requirements in the preferentially anesthetized brain Anesthesiology 79 1244 1249 8267200
33. M Borges JF Antognini 1994 Does the brain influence somatic responses to noxious stimuli during isoflurane anesthesia? Anesthesiology 81 1511 1515 7992920
34. IJ Rampil P Mason H Singh 1993 Anesthetic potency (MAC) is independent of forebrain structures in rats Anesthesiology 78 707 712 8466071
35. EM Davidson MF Doursout P Szmuk JE Chelly 2001 Antinociceptive and cardiovascular properties of esmolol following formalin injection in rats Can J Anaesth 48 59 64 11212051
36. Y Taira M Kakinohana O Kakinohana Y Okuda 1998 ONO 1101, a novel ultra-short acting beta-1 blocker, can reduce pain behaviour in the rat formalin test Anesthesiology 89 A1128
37. S Kinjo M Kakinohana K Sugawara 2005 Esmolol and landiolol, ultra short acting beta-1 blockers can reduce pain behavior in the rat formalin test Anesth Analg 100 S-265
38. H Zhao T Sugawara S Miura T Iijima S Kashimoto 2007 Intrathecal landiolol inhibits nociception and spinal c-Fos expression in the mouse formalin test Can J Anaesth 54 201 207 17331932
39. YY Chia MH Chan NH Ko K Liu 2004 Role of beta-blockade in anesthesia and postoperative pain management after hysterectomy Br J Anaesth 93 799 805 15377583
40. S Tanahashi H Iida A Oda Y Osawa S Dohi 2003 Effect of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists on tetrodotoxin-resistant Na channels in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons Anesthesiology 99 A 962
41. CW Berridge SL Foote 1996 Enhancement of Behavioral and electroencephalographic indices of waking following stimulation of noradrenergic beta-receptors within the medial septal region of the basal forebrain J Neurosci 16 6999 7009 8824336
42. CW Berridge K White 2000 Contrasting effect of noradrenergic beta-receptor blockade within the median septal area on forebrain electroencephalographic and behavioral activity state in anesthetized and unanesthetized rat Neuroscience 97 543 552 10828536
43. CW Berridge MF Morris 2000 Amphetamine-induced activation of forebrain EEG is prevented by noradrenergic beta-receptor blockade in the halothane-anesthetized rat Psychopharmacology (Berl) 148 307 313
44. Z Radisavievic C Cepeda W Peacock NA Buchwald MS Levine 1994 Norepinephrine modulates excitatory amino acid-induced responses in developing human and adult rat cerebral cortex Int J Dev Neurosci 12 353 361
45. MB Howie HA Bloack D Zvara TD McSweeney DJ Martin JA Coffman 1990 Esmolol reduces automatic hypersensitivity and length of seizures induced by electroconvulsive therapy Anesth Analg 71 384 388 1975995
46. WW Van den Broek AFG Leentjens PGF Mulder A Kusuma JA Bruijn 1999 Low-dose esmolol bolus reduces seizure duration during electroconvulsive therapy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study Br J Anaesth 83 271 274 10618942
47. AL Kovac H Goto K Arakawa 1990 Esmolol bolus and infusion attenuates increases in blood pressure and heart rate during electroconvulsive therapy Can J Anaesth 37 58 62 1967227
48. PD Drummond 1995 Noradrenaline increases hyperalgesia to heat in skin sensitized by capsaicin Pain 60 311 315 7596627
49. SG Khasar 1999 Epinephrine produces a beta-adrenergic receptor-mediated mechanical hyperalgesia and in vitro sensitization of rat nociceptors J Neurophysiol 81 1104 1112 10085337
50. BS Garabededian S Poole JJ Haddad CA Massaad SJ Jabbur NE Saade 2002 The role of the sympathetic efferents in endotoxin-induced localized inflammatory hyperalgesia and cytokine upregulation Neuropharmacology 42 864 872
51. FQ Cunha BB Lorenzetti S Poole SH Ferreira 1991 Interleukin-8 as a mediator of sympathetic pain Br J Pharmacol 104 765 767 1797337
52. M Ernberg T Lundeberg S Kopp 2000 Effect of propranolol and granisetron on experimentally induced pain and allodynia/hyperalgesia b intramuscular injection of serotonin into the human masseter muscle Pain 84 339 346 10666539
53. DT Ko PR Hebert CS Coffey A Sedrakyan JP Curtis HM Krumholz 2002 Beta-blocker therapy and symptoms of depression, fatigue, and sexual dysfunction JAMA 288 351 357 12117400
54. K Brismar B Hylander K Eliasson S Rossner L Wetterberg 1988 Melatonin secretion related to side-effects of beta-blockers from the central nervous system Acta Med Scand 223 525 530 3291558
55. JB Kostis RC Rosen 1987 Central nervous system effects of beta-adrenergic blocking drugs: the role of ancillary properties Circulation 75 204 212 2878741
56. TA Betts C Alford 1985 Beta-blockers and sleep: a controlled trial Eur J Clin Pharmacol 28 65 68 2865152
57. AH Van Stegeren W Everaerd L Cahill JL McGaugh LJG Gooren 1998 Memory for emotional events: differential effects of centrally versus peripherally acting beta-blocking agents Psychopharmacology 138 305 310 9725752
58. J Przybyslawski P Roullet SJ Sara 1999 Attention of emotional and nonemotional memories after their reactivation: role of beta-adrenergic receptors J Neurosci 19 6999 7009
59. CH Gleiter J Deckert 1996 Adverse CNS-effects of beta-adrenoceptor blockers Pharmacopsychiatry 29 201 211 8956349
60. KA Nielson RA Jensen 1994 Beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist antihypertensive medications impair arousal-induced modulation of working memory in elderly humans Behav Neural Biol 62 190 200 7857241
61. Y Yamada F Shibuya J Hamada Y Sawada T Iga 1995 Prediction of sleep disorders induced by beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents based on receptor occupancy J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 23 131 145 8719233
62. K Brismar L Moqensen L Wetterberq 1987 Depressed melatonin secretion in patients with nightmares due to beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs Acta Med Scand 221 155 158 2884812
63. DF Thompson DR Pierce 1999 Drug-induced nightmares Ann Pharmacother 33 93 98 9972389
64. L Cahill B Prins M Weber JL McGaugh 1994 Beta-adrenergic activation and memory for emotional events Nature 371 702 704 7935815
65. J McAinsh JM Cruickshank 1990 Beta-blockers and central nervous system side effects Pharmacol Ther 46 163 197 1969642
66. K Kayed OB Godtlibsen 1997 Central effects of the beta-adrenergic blocking agent acebutolol. A quantitative EEG study using normalized slope descriptors Eur J Clin Pharmacol 12 327 331
67. K Kayed OB Godtlibsen 1977 Effects of the beta-adrenoceptor antagonists acebutolol and metoprolol on sleep pattern in normal subjects Eur J Clin Pharmacol 16 323 326
68. RK Pitman KM Sanders RM Zusman AR Healy F Cheema NB Lasko L Cahill SP Orr 2002 Pilot study of secondary prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder with propranolol Biol Psychiatry 51 189 192 11822998
69. M Larkin 1999 Can post-traumatic stress disorder be put on hold? Lancet 354 1008 10501375
70. PG Lysko KA Lysko TL Yue CL Webb JL Gu G Feuerstein 1992 Neuroprotective effects of carvedilol, a new antihypertensive agent, in cultured rat cerebellar neurons and in gerbil global brain ischemia Stroke 11 1630 1635
71. SI Savitz JA Erhardt JV Anthony G Gupta X Li FC Barone DM Rosenbaum 2000 The novel beta-blocker, carvedilol, provides neuroprotection in transient focal stroke J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 8 1197 1204
72. DW Amory A Grigore JK Amory MA Gerhardt WD White PK Smith DA Schwinn JG Reves MF Newman 2002 Neuroprotection is associated with beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists during cardiac surgery: evidence from 2,575 patients J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 16 270 277 12073195
73. K Inaba PG Teixeira JS David LS Chan A Salim C Brown T Browder E Beale P Rhee D Demetriades 2008 Beta-blockers in isolated blunt head injury J Am Coll Surg 206 432 438 18308212
74. WP Riordan Jr BA Cotton PR Norris LR Waitman JM Jenkins JA Morris Jr 2007 Beta-blocker exposure in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and cardiac uncoupling J Trauma 63 503 510 18073593
75. S Arbabi EM Campion MR Hemmila M Barker M Dimo KS Ahrns AD Niederbichler K Ipaktchi WL Wahl 2007 Beta-blocker use is associated with improved outcomes in adult trauma patients J Trauma 62 56 61 17215733
76. BA Cotton KB Snodgrass SB Fleming RO Carpenter CD Kemp PG Arbogast JA Morris Jr 2007 Beta-blocker exposure is associated with improved survival after severe traumatic brain injury J Trauma 62 26 33 17215730
77. M Martin P Mullenix P Rhee H Belzberg D Demetriades A Salim 2005 Troponin increases in the critically injured patient: mechanical trauma or physiologic stress? J Trauma 59 1086 1091 16385284
78. JR Little JP Latchaw Jr RM Slugg NT Stowe 1982 Treatment of acute focal cerebral ischemia with propranolol Stroke 13 302 307 7080122
79. M Standefer JR Little 1986 Improved neurological outcome in experimental focal cerebral ischemia treated with propranolol Neurosurgery 18 136 140 3960288
80. V Junker A Becker R Huhne M Zembatov A Ravati C Culmsee J Krieqlstein 2002 Stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors activates astrocytes Eur J Pharmacol 446 25 36 12098582
81. T Goyagi T Kimura T Nishikawa Y Tobe Y Masaki 2006 Beta-adrenoceptor antagonist attenuates brain injury after transient focal ischemia in rats Anesth Analg 103 658 663 16931677
82. T Goyagi 2007 Neuroprotection J Jpn Clin Anesth 27 588 598 (Japanese)
83. K Prass C Meisel C Hoflich J Braun E Halle T Wolf K Ruscher IV Victorov J Priller U Dirnagl HD Volk A Meisel 2003 Stroke-induced immunodeficiency promotes spontaneous bacterial infections and is mediated by sympathetic activation reversal by post-stroke T helper cell type 1 like immunostimulation J Exp Med 198 725 736 12939340
84. J Nessler B Nessler M Kitlinski A Gackowski W Piwowarska M Stepniewski 2008 Concentration of BNP, endothelin 1, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6) and exercise capacity in patients with heart failure treated with carvedilol Kardiol Pol 66 144 151 18344152
85. D Sachs FQ Cunha S Poole SH Ferreira 2002 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-8 induce persistent mechanical nociceptor hypersensitivity Pain 96 89 97 11932065
86. R Nishio T Shioi S Sasayama A Matsumori 2003 Carvedilol increases the production of interleukin-12 and interferon-gamma and improves the survival of mice infected with the encephalomyocarditis virus J Am Coll Cardiol 41 340 345 12535832
87. J Klehmet H Harms M Richter K Prass HD Volk U Dirnagl A Meisel C Meisel 2008 Stroke-induced immunodepression and post-stroke infections: lessons from the preventive antibacterial therapy in stroke trial Neuroscience 13 1 13
88. C Woiciechowsky K Asadullah D Nestler B Eberhardt C Platzer B Schoning F Clockner WR Lanksch HD Volk WD Docke 1998 Sympathetic activation triggers systemic interleukin-10 release in immunodepression induced by brain injury Nat Med 4 808 813 9662372
89. T Katafuchi S Take T Hori 1993 Roles of sympathetic nervous system in the suppression of cytotoxicity of splenic natural killer cells in the rat J Physiol 465 343 357 8229839
90. X Cheng YH Liao B Li YL Yang JY Zhang BJ Lu HX Ge Y Liu ZO Guo L Zhang 2005 Effects of early treatment with metoprolol on myocardial inflammatory cytokine expression and heart function in rats with acute myocardial infarction Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 33 448 452 15932707
91. B Li YH Liao X Cheng H Ge H Guo M Wang 2006 Effects of carvedilol on cardiac cytokines expression and remodeling in rat with acute myocardial infarction Int J Cardiol 111 247 255 16310260
92. SD Prabhu B Chandrasekar DR Murray GL Freeman 2000 Beta-adrenergic blockade in developing heart failure. Effects on myocardial inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, and remodeling Circulation 101 2103 2109 10790354
93. L Gullestad T Ueland A Brunsviq J Kiekshus S Simonsen SS Froland 2001 Effect of metoprolol on cytokine levels in chronic heart failure - a substudy in the metoprolol controlled-release randomized intervention trial in heart failure (MERIT-HF) Am Heart J 141 418 421 11231439
94. A Loiek J Pecivova T Macickova R Nosal I Papezikova M Ciz 2008 Effect of carvedilol on the production of reactive oxygen species by HL-60 cells Neuro Endocrinol Lett 29 779 783
95. CH Lang G Nystrom RA Frost 2008 Beta-adrenergic blockade exacerbates sepsis-induced changes in tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 in skeletal muscle and is associated with impaired translation initiation J Trauma 64 477 486 18301218
96. D Schmitz K Wilsenack S Lendemanns M Schedlowski R Oberbeck 2007 Beta-adrenergic blockade during systemic inflammation: impact on cellular immune functions and survival in a murine model of sepsis Resuscitation 72 286 294 17118511
97. MG Jeschke WB Norbury CC Finnerty LK Branski DN Herndon 2007 Propranolol does not increase inflammation, sepsis, or infectious episodes in severely burned children J Trauma 62 676 681 17414346
98. R Oberbeck 2006 Catecholamines: physiological immunomodulators during health and illness Curr Med Chem 13 1970 1989
99. M Benish I Bartal Y Goldfarb B Levi R Avraham A Raz S Ben-Elivahu 2008 Perioperative use of beta-blockers and COX-2 inhibitors may improve immune competence and reduce the risk of tumor metastasis Ann Surg Oncol 15 2042 2052 18398660
100. WT McBride MA Armstrong SJ McBridge 1996 Immunomodulation: an important concept in modern anaesthesia Anaesthesia 51 465 473 8694161
101. LP Nquyen O Omoluabi S Parra JM Frieske C Clement Z Ammar-Aouchiche SB Ho C Ehre M Kesimer BJ Knoll MJ Tuvim BF Dickey RA Bond 2008 Chronic exposure to beta-blockers attenuates inflammation and mucin content in a murine asthma model Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 38 256 262
102. S Brimioulle JL Vachiery JF Brichant M Delcroix P Lejeune R Naeije 1997 Sympathetic modulation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in intact dogs Cardiovasc Res 34 384 392 9205553
103. M Shirai T Shindo I Ninomiya 1994 Beta-adrenergic mechanisms attenuate hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction during systemic hypoxia in cats Am J Physiol 266 H1777 H1785 8203578
104. DAB Turner AJ Shribman G Smith KJ Achola 1986 Effect of halothane on cardiovascular and plasma catecholamine responses to tracheal intubation Br J Anaesth 58 1365 1370 3790388
105. RK Stoelting 1977 Circulatory changes during direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation; influence of duration of laryngoscopy with or without lidocaine Anesthesiology 47 381 384 900548
106. B Angelard C Debry X Planquart S Dubos L Dominici R Gondret 1991 Difficult intubation. A prospective study Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac 108 241 243 1854151
107. MJL Bucx RTM Van Geel PAE Scheck T Stijnen 1992 Cardiovascular effects of forces applied during laryngoscopy. The importance of tracheal intubation Anaesthesia 47 1029 1033 1489023
108. A Vohra S Kumar AJ Charlton AO Olukoga AJ Boulton D McLeod 1993 Effect of diabetes mellitus on the cardiovascular responses to induction of anesthesia and tracheal intubation Br J Anaesth 71 258 261 8123403
109. JM Low JT Harvey C Prys-Roberts AO Olukoga AJ Boulton D McLeod 1986 Studies of anesthesia in relation to hypertension. VII. Adrenergic responses to laryngoscopy Br J Anaesth 58 471 477 2870727
110. WL Roy G Edelist B Gilbert 1979 Myocardial ischemia during non-cardiac surgery procedures in patients with coronary artery disease Anesthesiology 51 393 397 496052
111. EJ Fox GS Sklar CH Hill R Villanueva BD King 1977 Complications related to the pressure responses to endotracheal intubation Anesthesiology 47 524 525 337858
112. E Figueredo EM Garcia-Fuentes 2001 Assessment of the efficacy of esmolol on the hemodynamic changes induced by laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 45 1011 1022 11576054
113. Y Mio 2006 New ultra-short-acting beta-blockers: landiolol and esmolol Masui 55 841 848 16856544 (in Japanese)
114. M Onaka H Yamamoto 2006 Effects of continuous infusion of landiolol on the hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation Masui 55 174 178 16491894 (in Japanese)
115. A Kitamura A Sakamoto T Inoue R Ogawa 1997 Efficacy of an ultrashort-acting beta-adrenergic blocker (ONO-1101) in attenuating cardiovascular responses to endotracheal intubation Eur J Clin Pharmacol 51 467 471 9112061
116. H Hasuo S Tomiyasu M Hojo T Fujigaki M Fukusaki K Sumikawa 1998 Effect of ONO-1101, a novel short-acting beta-blocker, on hemodynamic responses to isoflurane inhalation and tracheal intubation J Anesth 12 115 118
117. A Yamazaki H Kinoshita M Shimogai K Fujii K Nakahata Y Hironaka H Iranami Y Hatano 2005 Landiolol attenuates tachycardia in response to endotracheal intubation without affecting blood pressure Can J Anaesth 52 254 257 15753495
118. Y Oda K Nishikawa I Hase A Asada 2005 The short-acting beta-1 adrenoceptor antagonists esmolol and landiolol suppress the bispectral index response to tracheal intubation during sevoflurane anesthesia Anesth Analg 100 733 737 15728061
119. S Sugiura S Seki K Hidaka M Masuoka H Tsuchida 2007 The hemodynamic effects of landiolol, an ultra-short acting beta-1 selective blocker, on endotracheal intubation in patients with and without hypertension Anesth Analg 104 124 129 17179256
120. A Dyson PA Isaac JH Pennant AH Giesecke JM Lipton 1990 Esmolol attenuates cardiovascular responses to extubation Anesth Analg 71 675 678 1978612
121. SM Kurian R Evans NO Fernandes KM Sherry 2001 The effect of an infusion of esmolol on the incidence of myocardial ischemia during tracheal extubation following coronary artery surgery Anaesthesia 56 1163 1168 11736772
122. AL Kovac A Massiongale 2007 Comparison of nicardipine versus esmolol in attenuating the hemodynamic responses to anesthesia emergence and extubation J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 21 45 50 17289479
123. P Grillo N Bruder P Auquier D Pellissier F Gouin 2003 Esmolol blunts the cerebral blood flow velocity increase during emergence from anesthesia in neurosurgical patients Anesth Analg 96 1145 1149 12651674
124. A Nonaka S Suzuki F Abe 2006 The effects of continuous infusion of landiolol on heart rate changes after neostigmine-atropine administration during recovery from general anesthesia Masui 55 1459 1462 17190316 (in Japanese)
125. H Nakagawa M Nanba Y Okayama 2007 Landiolol prevented myocardial ischemia in a patient with severe aortic stenosis undergoing total gastrectomy Masui 56 582 585 17515100 (in Japanese)
126. T Shirasaka T Iwasaki N Hosokawa M Komatsu T Kasaba M Takasaki 2008 Effects of landiolol on the cardiovascular response during tracheal extubation J Anesth 22 322 325 18685945
127. TW Gress FJ Nieto E Shahar MR Wofford FL Brancati 2000 Hypertension and antihypertensive therapy as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Atherosclerosis risk in communities study N Engl J Med 342 905 912 10738048
128. GL Bakris V Fonseca RE Katholi JB McGill FH Messerli RA Phillips P Raskin JT Wright R Oakes MA Lukas KM Anderson DH Bell 2004 Metabolic effects of carvedilol vs metoprolol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension JAMA 292 2227 2236 15536109
129. JL Day J Metcalfe CN Simpson 1982 Adrenergic mechanisms in control of plasma lipid concentration Br Med J 284 1145 1148
130. SE Kjeldsen JO Syvertsen T Hedner 1996 Cardiac conduction with diltiazem and beta-blockade combined. A review and report on cases Blood Press 5 260 263 8879597
131. RM Brouwer F Follath FR Buhler 1985 Review of the cardiovascular adversity of the calcium antagonist beta-blocker combination: implications for antihypertensive therapy J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 7 S38 S44 2412010
132. K Westphal A Weinbrenner T Giessmann M Stuhr G Franke M Zschiesche R Oertel B Terhaag HK Kroemer W Siegmund 2000 Oral bioavailability of digoxin is enhanced by talinolol: evidence for involvement of intestinal P-glycoprotein Clin Pharmacol Ther 68 1 6 12 10945310
133. M Lilja AJ Jounela H Juustila MJ Mattila 1980 Interaction of clonidine and beta-blockers Acta Med Scand 207 173 176 6102839
134. HL Garvey BL Woodhouse 1980 Reversal of clonidine-induced hypotension by beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs Eur J Pharmacol 65 55 62 6105082
135. SH Haidar JE Moreton Z Liang JF Hoke KT Muir ND Eddington 1997 The pharmacokinetics and electroencephalogram response of remifentanil alone and in combination with esmolol in the rat Pharm Res 14 1817 1823 9453074
136. SH Haidar JE Moreton Z Liang JF Hoke KT Muir ND Eddington 1997 Evaluating a possible pharmacokinetic interaction between remifentanil and esmolol in the rat J Pharm Sci 86 1278 1282 9383740
137. W Zhou HJ Fontenot SN Wang RH Kennedy 1999 Propofol-induced alterations in myocardial beta-adrenoceptor binding and responsiveness Anesth Analg 89 604 608 10475288
138. JL Hanouz B Riou L Massias Y Lecarpentier P Coriat 1997 Interaction of halothane with alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor stimulations in rat myocardium Anesthesiology 86 147 159 9009950
139. PY Gueugniaud JL Hanouz JM Martino Y Lecarpentier P Coriat B Riou 1999 Interaction of halogenated anesthetics with dobutamine in rat myocardium Anesthesiology 90 1663 1670 10360865
140. JL Hanouz B Vivien PY Gueugniaud Y Lecarpentier P Coriat B Riou 1998 Interaction of isoflurane and sevoflurane with alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor stimulations in rat myocardium Anesthesiology 88 1249 1258 9605685 (Pubitemid 28216869)