메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 112, Issue 9, 2004, Pages 493-503

Global risk management in type 2 diabetes: Blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipids - Update on the background of the current guidelines

Author keywords

Cardiovascular risk management; Diabetes guidelines; Dyslipidemia; Hypertension; Type 2 diabetes mellitus

Indexed keywords

2,4 THIAZOLIDINEDIONE DERIVATIVE; ACARBOSE; ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ALPHA GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITOR; ANGIOTENSIN 1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST; ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; DIURETIC AGENT; EZETIMIBE; FIBRIC ACID DERIVATIVE; GLUCOSE; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; INSULIN; INSULIN ASPART; INSULIN LISPRO; INSULIN SENSITIZING AGENT; LIPID; LONG ACTING DRUG; METFORMIN; MIGLITOL; ORAL ANTIDIABETIC AGENT; RESIN; SULFONYLUREA DERIVATIVE;

EID: 7644237238     PISSN: 09477349     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-821306     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (23)

References (97)
  • 1
    • 0034641550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of systolic blood pressure with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 36): Prospective observational study
    • Adler AI, Stratton IM, Neil HAW, Yudkin JS, Matthews DR, Cull CA, Wright AD, Turner RC, Holman RR. Association of systolic blood pressure with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 36): prospective observational study. BMJ 2000; 321: 412-419
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.321 , pp. 412-419
    • Adler, A.I.1    Stratton, I.M.2    Neil, H.A.W.3    Yudkin, J.S.4    Matthews, D.R.5    Cull, C.A.6    Wright, A.D.7    Turner, R.C.8    Holman, R.R.9
  • 2
    • 0033257883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A desktop guide to type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • European Diabetes Policy Group 1998-1999 International Diabetes Federation European Region
    • Alberti G. A desktop guide to type 2 diabetes mellitus. European Diabetes Policy Group 1998-1999 International Diabetes Federation European Region. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1999; 107: 390-420
    • (1999) Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes , vol.107 , pp. 390-420
    • Alberti, G.1
  • 4
    • 0042354827 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspirin therapy in diabetes (Position statement)
    • American Diabetes Association. Aspirin therapy in diabetes (Position statement). Diabet Care 2003; 26: S87-S88
    • (2003) Diabet Care , vol.26
  • 5
    • 0033962898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspirin therapy in diabetes
    • American Diabetes Association. Aspirin therapy in diabetes. Diabet Care 2000; 23: S61-S62
    • (2000) Diabet Care , vol.23
  • 6
    • 1042268049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes management in correctional institutions
    • American Diabetes Association. Diabetes management in correctional institutions. Diabet Care 2004a; 27: S114-S121
    • (2004) Diabet Care , vol.27
  • 7
    • 1042302784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypertension management in adults with diabetes
    • American Diabetes Association. Hypertension management in adults with diabetes. Diabet Care 2004 b; 27: S65-S67
    • (2004) Diabet Care , vol.27
  • 8
    • 0344942716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of dyslipidemia in adults with diabetes
    • American Diabetes Association. Management of dyslipidemia in adults with diabetes. Diabet Care 2002; 25: S74-S77
    • (2002) Diabet Care , vol.25
  • 9
    • 0032814701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lipid-lowering trails in diabetes
    • Armitage J. Lipid-lowering trails in diabetes. Eur Heart J 1999; 1: M13-M17
    • (1999) Eur Heart J , vol.1
    • Armitage, J.1
  • 10
    • 0036369914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The treatment of hypertension in adult patients with diabetes
    • Arauz-Pacheco C, Parrot MA. The treatment of hypertension in adult patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2002; 25:134-147
    • (2002) Diabetes Care , vol.25 , pp. 134-147
    • Arauz-Pacheco, C.1    Parrot, M.A.2
  • 11
    • 0345425783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of metformin in patients with poorly controlled, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Avilés-Santa L, Sinding J, Raskin P. Effects of metformin in patients with poorly controlled, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med 1999; 131:182-188
    • (1999) Ann Intern Med , vol.131 , pp. 182-188
    • Avilés-Santa, L.1    Sinding, J.2    Raskin, P.3
  • 12
    • 0033852481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preserving renal function in adults with hypertension and diabetes: A consensus approach
    • National Kidney Foundation Hypertension and Diabetes Executive Committees Working Group
    • Bakris GL, Williams M, Dworkin L, Elliott WJ, Epstein M, Toto R, Tuttle K, Douglas J, Hsueh W, Sowers J. Preserving renal function in adults with hypertension and diabetes: a consensus approach. National Kidney Foundation Hypertension and Diabetes Executive Committees Working Group. Am J Kidney Dis 2000; 36: 646-661
    • (2000) Am J Kidney Dis , vol.36 , pp. 646-661
    • Bakris, G.L.1    Williams, M.2    Dworkin, L.3    Elliott, W.J.4    Epstein, M.5    Toto, R.6    Tuttle, K.7    Douglas, J.8    Hsueh, W.9    Sowers, J.10
  • 13
    • 0031734159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose intolerance, physical signs of peripheral artery disease, and risk of cardiovascular events: The Framingham Study
    • Brand FN, Kannel WB, Evans J, Larson MG, Wolf PA. Glucose intolerance, physical signs of peripheral artery disease, and risk of cardiovascular events: the Framingham Study. Am Heart J 1998; 136: 919-927
    • (1998) Am Heart J , vol.136 , pp. 919-927
    • Brand, F.N.1    Kannel, W.B.2    Evans, J.3    Larson, M.G.4    Wolf, P.A.5
  • 14
    • 0042670020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost effectiveness of statin therapy for the primary prevention of major coronary events in individuals with type 2 diabetes
    • Brandle M, Davidson MB, Schriger DL, Lorber B, Herman WH. Cost effectiveness of statin therapy for the primary prevention of major coronary events in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabet Care 2003; 26: 1796-1801
    • (2003) Diabet Care , vol.26 , pp. 1796-1801
    • Brandle, M.1    Davidson, M.B.2    Schriger, D.L.3    Lorber, B.4    Herman, W.H.5
  • 15
    • 0032811393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • World Health Organization - International Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the management of hypertension. Guidelines sub-committee
    • Chalmers J, MacMahon S, Mancia G, Whitworth J, Beilin L. World Health Organization - International Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the management of hypertension. Guidelines sub-committee. Clin Exp Hypertens 1999; 21: 1009-1060
    • (1999) Clin Exp Hypertens , vol.21 , pp. 1009-1060
    • Chalmers, J.1    MacMahon, S.2    Mancia, G.3    Whitworth, J.4    Beilin, L.5
  • 16
    • 0038460302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. The JNC 7 report
    • Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL, Jones DW, Materson BJ, Oparil S, Wright JT, Roccella EJ, and the National High Blood Pressure Education Programm Coordinating Committee. The seventh report of the joint national committee on prevention, detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure. The JNC 7 report. JAMA 2003; 289: 2560-2572
    • (2003) JAMA , vol.289 , pp. 2560-2572
    • Chobanian, A.V.1    Bakris, G.L.2    Black, H.R.3    Cushman, W.C.4    Green, L.A.5    Izzo, J.L.6    Jones, D.W.7    Materson, B.J.8    Oparil, S.9    Wright, J.T.10    Roccella, E.J.11
  • 17
    • 0347228970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal glycemic control is associated with lower rate of target vessel revascularisation in treated type II diabetic patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention
    • Corpus RA, George PB, House JA, Dixon SR, Ajulin SC, Devlin WH, Timmis GC, Balasubramaniam M, O'Neill WW. Optimal glycemic control is associated with lower rate of target vessel revascularisation in treated type II diabetic patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention.J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 43: 8-14
    • (2004) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.43 , pp. 8-14
    • Corpus, R.A.1    George, P.B.2    House, J.A.3    Dixon, S.R.4    Ajulin, S.C.5    Devlin, W.H.6    Timmis, G.C.7    Balasubramaniam, M.8    O'Neill, W.W.9
  • 18
    • 10544229794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of diuretic-based antihypertensive treatment on cardiovascular disease risk in older diabetic patients with isolated systolic hypertension
    • Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program Cooperative Research Group
    • Curb JD, Pressel SL, Cutler JA et al. Effect of diuretic-based antihypertensive treatment on cardiovascular disease risk in older diabetic patients with isolated systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program Cooperative Research Group. JAMA 1996; 276: 1886-1892
    • (1996) JAMA , vol.276 , pp. 1886-1892
    • Curb, J.D.1    Pressel, S.L.2    Cutler, J.A.3
  • 19
    • 7644225678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heidelberg: Deutsche Hochdruckliga
    • Deutsche Hochdruckliga, Deutsche Hypertonie Gesellschaft. Empfehlungen zur Hochdruckbehandlung. 16th ed. Heidelberg: Deutsche Hochdruckliga, 2001
    • (2001) Empfehlungen zur Hochdruckbehandlung. 16th Ed.
  • 20
    • 0035897696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Executive Summary of the third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III)
    • Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive Summary of the third report of the national cholesterol education program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA 2001; 285: 2486-2497
    • (2001) JAMA , vol.285 , pp. 2486-2497
  • 21
    • 0026452170 scopus 로고
    • LDL subclass phenotypes and triglyceride metabolism in non-insulin dependent diabetes
    • Feingold KR, Grunfeld C, Pang M, Doerrler W, Krauss RM. LDL subclass phenotypes and triglyceride metabolism in non-insulin dependent diabetes. Ateroscler Thromb 1992; 12: 1496-1502
    • (1992) Ateroscler Thromb , vol.12 , pp. 1496-1502
    • Feingold, K.R.1    Grunfeld, C.2    Pang, M.3    Doerrler, W.4    Krauss, R.M.5
  • 23
    • 0034607438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of metformin and rosiglitazone combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomized, controlled trail
    • Fonseca V, Rosenstock J, Patwardhan, Salzman A. Effect of metformin and rosiglitazone combination therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A randomized, controlled trail. J Am Med Assoc 2000; 283: 1695-1702
    • (2000) J Am Med Assoc , vol.283 , pp. 1695-1702
    • Fonseca, V.1    Rosenstock, J.2    Patwardhan3    Salzman, A.4
  • 24
    • 0024842528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood pressure, proteinuria and their relationship with circulatory mortality: The WHO multinational study of vascular disease in diabetics
    • Fuller JH, Head J. Blood pressure, proteinuria and their relationship with circulatory mortality: the WHO multinational study of vascular disease in diabetics. Diabetes Metab 1998; 15: 273-277
    • (1998) Diabetes Metab , vol.15 , pp. 273-277
    • Fuller, J.H.1    Head, J.2
  • 25
    • 0037472879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes
    • Gaede P, Vedel P, Larsen N, Jensen GVH, Parving H-H, Pedersen O. Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2003; 348: 383-393
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 383-393
    • Gaede, P.1    Vedel, P.2    Larsen, N.3    Jensen, G.V.H.4    Parving, H.-H.5    Pedersen, O.6
  • 26
    • 0037111890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of ezetimibe added to ongoing statin therapy for treatment of patients with primary hypercholesterinemia
    • Gagne C, Bays HE, Weiss SR, Mata P, Quinto K, Melino M, Cho M, Musliner TA, Gumbiner B. Efficacy and safety of ezetimibe added to ongoing statin therapy for treatment of patients with primary hypercholesterinemia. Am J Cardiol 2002; 90: 1084-1091
    • (2002) Am J Cardiol , vol.90 , pp. 1084-1091
    • Gagne, C.1    Bays, H.E.2    Weiss, S.R.3    Mata, P.4    Quinto, K.5    Melino, M.6    Cho, M.7    Musliner, T.A.8    Gumbiner, B.9
  • 28
    • 0035075105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendations for an extensive risk decrease for patients with coronary disease, vascular diseases and diabetes. Issued by the Executive Committee of the German Society of Cardiology, Heart and Circulation Research, reviewed on behalf of the Clinical Cardiology Commission by the Prevention Project Group
    • Gohlke H, Kübler W, Mathes P, Meinertz T, Schuler G, Gysan DB, Sauer G. Recommendations for an extensive risk decrease for patients with coronary disease, vascular diseases and diabetes. Issued by the Executive Committee of the German Society of Cardiology, Heart and Circulation Research, reviewed on behalf of the Clinical Cardiology Commission by the Prevention Project Group. Z Kardiol 2001; 90: 148-149
    • (2001) Z Kardiol , vol.90 , pp. 148-149
    • Gohlke, H.1    Kübler, W.2    Mathes, P.3    Meinertz, T.4    Schuler, G.5    Gysan, D.B.6    Sauer, G.7
  • 29
    • 0032497945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular events and their reduction with pravastatin in diabetic and glucose-intolerant myocardial infarction survivors with average cholesterol levels: Subgroup analyses in the cholesterol and recurrent events (CARE) trial
    • The Care Investigators
    • Goldberg RB, Mellies MJ, Sacks FM, Moye LA, Howard BV, Howard WJ, Davis BR, Cole TG, Pfeffer MA, Braunwald E. Cardiovascular events and their reduction with pravastatin in diabetic and glucose-intolerant myocardial infarction survivors with average cholesterol levels: subgroup analyses in the cholesterol and recurrent events (CARE) trial. The Care Investigators. Circulation 1998; 98: 2513-2519
    • (1998) Circulation , vol.98 , pp. 2513-2519
    • Goldberg, R.B.1    Mellies, M.J.2    Sacks, F.M.3    Moye, L.A.4    Howard, B.V.5    Howard, W.J.6    Davis, B.R.7    Cole, T.G.8    Pfeffer, M.A.9    Braunwald, E.10
  • 31
    • 0037527647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2003 European society of hypertension - European society of cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension
    • Guidelines Committee. 2003 European society of hypertension - european society of cardiology guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. J Hypertens 2003; 21: 1011-1053
    • (2003) J Hypertens , vol.21 , pp. 1011-1053
  • 32
    • 0037197761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do increased proinsulin concentrations explain the excess risk of coronary heart disease in diabetic and prediabetic subjects?
    • Haffner SM, Hanley AJG. Do increased proinsulin concentrations explain the excess risk of coronary heart disease in diabetic and prediabetic subjects? Circulation 2002; 105: 2008-2009
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 2008-2009
    • Haffner, S.M.1    Hanley, A.J.G.2
  • 33
    • 0032560807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in non-diabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction. Implications for treatment of hyperlipidemia in diabetic subjects without prior myocardial infarction
    • Haffner SM, Lehto S, Ronnemaa T, Pyorala K, Laakso M. Mortality from coronary heart disease in subjects with type 2 diabetes and in non-diabetic subjects with and without prior myocardial infarction. Implications for treatment of hyperlipidemia in diabetic subjects without prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 229-234
    • (1998) N Engl J Med , vol.339 , pp. 229-234
    • Haffner, S.M.1    Lehto, S.2    Ronnemaa, T.3    Pyorala, K.4    Laakso, M.5
  • 34
    • 0030740122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Posprandial glucose and vascular disease
    • Haller H. Posprandial glucose and vascular disease. Diabetic Medicine 1997; 14: S50-S56
    • (1997) Diabetic Medicine , vol.14
    • Haller, H.1
  • 37
    • 0032513878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: Principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT)
    • HOT Study Group
    • Hansson L, Zanchetti A, Carruthers SG, Dahlof B, Elmfeldt D, Julius S, Menard J, Rahn KH, Wedel H, Westerling S. Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT). HOT Study Group. Lancet 1998; 351: 1755-1762
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 1755-1762
    • Hansson, L.1    Zanchetti, A.2    Carruthers, S.G.3    Dahlof, B.4    Elmfeldt, D.5    Julius, S.6    Menard, J.7    Rahn, K.H.8    Wedel, H.9    Westerling, S.10
  • 39
    • 0346162164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prävalenz des Diabetes mellitus in Deutschland 1998-2001
    • Hauner H, Köster I, von Ferber L. Prävalenz des Diabetes mellitus in Deutschland 1998-2001. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2003; 128: 2632-2638
    • (2003) Dtsch Med Wochenschr , vol.128 , pp. 2632-2638
    • Hauner, H.1    Köster, I.2    Von Ferber, L.3
  • 40
    • 0037840242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRC/BHF Heart protection study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: A randomised placebo-controlled trial
    • Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart protection study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2003; 361: 2005-2016
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , pp. 2005-2016
  • 41
    • 0037031061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20536 high-risk individuals: A randomised placebo-controlled trial
    • Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002; 360: 7-22
    • (2002) Lancet , vol.360 , pp. 7-22
  • 42
    • 0035906874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Klinische Wirkungen und Pharmakodynamik der Insulinanaloga Lispro, Aspart und Glargin
    • Heinemann L, Heise T. Klinische Wirkungen und Pharmakodynamik der Insulinanaloga Lispro, Aspart und Glargin. Dtsch Med Wschr 2001; 126: 597-604
    • (2001) Dtsch Med Wschr , vol.126 , pp. 597-604
    • Heinemann, L.1    Heise, T.2
  • 43
    • 0033157221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of antihyperglycaemic therapies on proinsulin and relation between proinsulin and cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes
    • Hermann LS, Ranstam J, Vaaler, Melander A. Effects of antihyperglycaemic therapies on proinsulin and relation between proinsulin and cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 1999; 1: 227-232
    • (1999) Diabetes Obes Metab , vol.1 , pp. 227-232
    • Hermann, L.S.1    Ranstam, J.2    Vaaler3    Melander, A.4
  • 45
    • 0027154921 scopus 로고
    • Hypertension in Diabetes Study (HDS): II. Increased risk of cardiovascular complications in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients
    • Hypertension in Diabetes Study Group. Hypertension in Diabetes Study (HDS): II. Increased risk of cardiovascular complications in hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients. J Hypertens 1993; 11: 319-325
    • (1993) J Hypertens , vol.11 , pp. 319-325
  • 47
    • 0022313241 scopus 로고
    • The Whitehall Study: Comparative mortality rates and indices of risk in diabetes
    • Jarrett RJ, Shipley MJ. The Whitehall Study: comparative mortality rates and indices of risk in diabetes. Acta Endocrinol 1985; 110: 21-26
    • (1985) Acta Endocrinol , vol.110 , pp. 21-26
    • Jarrett, R.J.1    Shipley, M.J.2
  • 48
    • 0142043930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacology and therapeutics of ezetimibe (SCH 58235), a cholesterol-absorption inhibitor
    • Jeu LA, Cheng JWM. Pharmacology and therapeutics of ezetimibe (SCH 58235), a cholesterol-absorption inhibitor. Clin Ther 2003; 25: 2352-2387
    • (2003) Clin Ther , vol.25 , pp. 2352-2387
    • Jeu, L.A.1    Cheng, J.W.M.2
  • 49
    • 0030713021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure
    • Joint National Committee. The sixth report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Arch Intern Med 1997; 157: 2413-2443
    • (1997) Arch Intern Med , vol.157 , pp. 2413-2443
  • 50
    • 0033948586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin treatment with preprandial injections of regular insulin in middle-aged type 2 diabetic patients. A two years observational study
    • Kalfhaus J, Berger M. Insulin treatment with preprandial injections of regular insulin in middle-aged type 2 diabetic patients. A two years observational study. Diabetes & Metabolism 2000; 26: 197-201
    • (2000) Diabetes & Metabolism , vol.26 , pp. 197-201
    • Kalfhaus, J.1    Berger, M.2
  • 51
    • 0018341014 scopus 로고
    • Diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors in the framingham study
    • Kannel WB, McGee DL. Diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors in the framingham study. Circulation 1993; 59: 8-13
    • (1993) Circulation , vol.59 , pp. 8-13
    • Kannel, W.B.1    McGee, D.L.2
  • 53
    • 0142105928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of add-on acarbose to insulin therapy in routine clinical practice
    • Klocke KR, Stauch K, Landen H. Effect of add-on acarbose to insulin therapy in routine clinical practice. Clin Drug Invest 2003; 23: 621-627
    • (2003) Clin Drug Invest , vol.23 , pp. 621-627
    • Klocke, K.R.1    Stauch, K.2    Landen, H.3
  • 54
    • 0344731361 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glucose metabolism and the postprandial state
    • Lefèbvre PJ and Scheen AJ. Glucose metabolism and the postprandial state. Eur J Clin Invest 1999; 29:1-6
    • (1999) Eur J Clin Invest , vol.29 , pp. 1-6
    • Lefèbvre, P.J.1    Scheen, A.J.2
  • 55
    • 0141730235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes and vascular disease. Pathophysiology, clinical consequences, and medical therapy: Part II
    • Lüscher TF, Creager MA, Beckman JA, Cosentino F. Diabetes and vascular disease. Pathophysiology, clinical consequences, and medical therapy: part II. Circulation 2003; 108: 1655-1661
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.108 , pp. 1655-1661
    • Lüscher, T.F.1    Creager, M.A.2    Beckman, J.A.3    Cosentino, F.4
  • 56
    • 0033602795 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycometabolic state at admission: Important risk marker of mortality in conventionally treated patients with diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction
    • Malmberg K, Norhammar A, Wedel H, Rydén L. Glycometabolic state at admission: important risk marker of mortality in conventionally treated patients with diabetes mellitus and acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 1999; 99: 2626-2632
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.99 , pp. 2626-2632
    • Malmberg, K.1    Norhammar, A.2    Wedel, H.3    Rydén, L.4
  • 57
    • 0026597808 scopus 로고
    • Joint effects of serum triglyceride and LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol concentrations on coronary heart disease risk in the Helsinki Heart Study. Implications for treatment
    • Manninen V, Tenkanen L, Koskinen P, Huttunen JK, Manttari M, Heinonen OP, Frick MH. Joint effects of serum triglyceride and LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol concentrations on coronary heart disease risk in the Helsinki Heart Study. Implications for treatment. Circulation 1992; 85: 37-45
    • (1992) Circulation , vol.85 , pp. 37-45
    • Manninen, V.1    Tenkanen, L.2    Koskinen, P.3    Huttunen, J.K.4    Manttari, M.5    Heinonen, O.P.6    Frick, M.H.7
  • 59
    • 0036329343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Typ-2-Diabetes: Insulintherapie kombiniert mit metformin im vergleich zur insulinmonotherapie
    • Menzel R, Kerner W, Meinecke G, Schmohl M. Typ-2-Diabetes: Insulintherapie kombiniert mit Metformin im Vergleich zur Insulinmonotherapie. Diabetes und Stoffwechsel 2002; 11: 167-174
    • (2002) Diabetes und Stoffwechsel , vol.11 , pp. 167-174
    • Menzel, R.1    Kerner, W.2    Meinecke, G.3    Schmohl, M.4
  • 61
    • 0027253061 scopus 로고
    • Long-term complications of diabetes mellitus
    • Nathan DM. Long-term complications of diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 1993; 328: 676-685
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.328 , pp. 676-685
    • Nathan, D.M.1
  • 62
    • 0344942699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nationale versorgungs-leitlinie diabetes mellitus typ 2. Mai 2002; kurzfassung
    • Nationales Programm für Versorgungs-Leitlinien bei der Bundesärztekammer. Nationale Versorgungs-Leitlinie Diabetes mellitus Typ 2. Mai 2002; Kurzfassung. Diabetes und Stoffwechsel 2002; 11: 185-205
    • (2002) Diabetes und Stoffwechsel , vol.11 , pp. 185-205
  • 63
    • 0037133567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sex differences in the association between proinsulin and intact insulin with coronary heart disease in nondiabetic older adults
    • Oh J-Y, Barret-Connor E, Wedick NM. Sex differences in the association between proinsulin and intact insulin with coronary heart disease in nondiabetic older adults. Circulation 2002; 105: 1311-1316
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 1311-1316
    • Oh, J.-Y.1    Barret-Connor, E.2    Wedick, N.M.3
  • 64
    • 0024976451 scopus 로고
    • Prognosis in diabetic nephropathy
    • Parving HH and Hommel E. Prognosis in diabetic nephropathy. BMJ 1989; 229: 230-233
    • (1989) BMJ , vol.229 , pp. 230-233
    • Parving, H.H.1    Hommel, E.2
  • 65
    • 0043167049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice guidelines for primary care physicians: 2003 ESH/ESC hypertension guidelines
    • Practice Guidelines Writing Committee. Practice guidelines for primary care physicians: 2003 ESH/ESC hypertension guidelines. J Hypertens 2003; 21: 1011-1053
    • (2003) J Hypertens , vol.21 , pp. 1011-1053
  • 66
    • 1842326783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cholesterol lowering with simvastatin improves prognosis of diabetic patients with coronary heart disease. A subgroup analysis of the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4 S)
    • Pyorala K, Pedersen TR, Kjekshus J, Faergeman O, Olsson AG, Thorgeirsson G. Cholesterol lowering with simvastatin improves prognosis of diabetic patients with coronary heart disease. A subgroup analysis of the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4 S). Diabet Care 1997; 20: 614-620
    • (1997) Diabet Care , vol.20 , pp. 614-620
    • Pyorala, K.1    Pedersen, T.R.2    Kjekshus, J.3    Faergeman, O.4    Olsson, A.G.5    Thorgeirsson, G.6
  • 68
    • 0024416801 scopus 로고
    • Impact of cardiovascular risk factors on coronary heart disease and mortality among middle aged diabetic men: A general population study
    • Rosengren A, Welin L, Tsipogianni A, Wilhelmsen L. Impact of cardiovascular risk factors on coronary heart disease and mortality among middle aged diabetic men: a general population study. BMJ 1989; 299: 1127-1131
    • (1989) BMJ , vol.299 , pp. 1127-1131
    • Rosengren, A.1    Welin, L.2    Tsipogianni, A.3    Wilhelmsen, L.4
  • 71
    • 0028820740 scopus 로고
    • Mortality and morbidity in treated hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients with micro- or macroproteinuria
    • Sawicki PT, Mühlhauser I, Didjurgeit U. Mortality and morbidity in treated hypertensive type 2 diabetic patients with micro- or macroproteinuria. Diabet Med 1995; 12: 893-898
    • (1995) Diabet Med , vol.12 , pp. 893-898
    • Sawicki, P.T.1    Mühlhauser, I.2    Didjurgeit, U.3
  • 72
    • 0027987849 scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: The Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4 S)
    • Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group. Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4 S). Lancet 1994; 344: 1383-1389
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.344 , pp. 1383-1389
  • 73
    • 0033550184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Leitlinie zur behandlung der arteriellen hypertonie bei diabetes mellitus
    • Schäfers RF, Lütkes P, Ritz E, Philipp T. Leitlinie zur Behandlung der arteriellen Hypertonie bei Diabetes mellitus. DMW 1999; 124: 1356-1372
    • (1999) DMW , vol.124 , pp. 1356-1372
    • Schäfers, R.F.1    Lütkes, P.2    Ritz, E.3    Philipp, T.4
  • 74
    • 7644231926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recommendation of the second joint task force of European and other societies on coronary prevention
    • Second joint task force of European and other societies on coronary heart disease in clinical practice. Recommendation of the second joint task force of European and other societies on coronary prevention Euro Heart
    • Euro Heart
  • 75
    • 0032820409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolated post-challenge hyperglycemia confirmed as a risk factor for mortality
    • Shaw JE, Hodge AM, de Courten M, Chitson P, Zimmet PZ. Isolated post-challenge hyperglycemia confirmed as a risk factor for mortality. Diabetologia 1999; 42: 1050-1054
    • (1999) Diabetologia , vol.42 , pp. 1050-1054
    • Shaw, J.E.1    Hodge, A.M.2    De Courten, M.3    Chitson, P.4    Zimmet, P.Z.5
  • 76
    • 0034924212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statin-fibrate combination therapy
    • Shek A, Ferill MJ. Statin-fibrate combination therapy. Ann Pharmacother 2001; 35: 908-917
    • (2001) Ann Pharmacother , vol.35 , pp. 908-917
    • Shek, A.1    Ferill, M.J.2
  • 78
    • 0024208779 scopus 로고
    • Etiology and prevalence of hypertension in diabetic patients
    • Simonson DC. Etiology and prevalence of hypertension in diabetic patients. Diabet Care 1988; 11: 821-827
    • (1988) Diabet Care , vol.11 , pp. 821-827
    • Simonson, D.C.1
  • 79
    • 0037390601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evidence base for tight blood pressure control in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus
    • Snow V, Weiss KB, Mottur-Pilson C. The evidence base for tight blood pressure control in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med 2003; 138: 587-592
    • (2003) Ann Intern Med , vol.138 , pp. 587-592
    • Snow, V.1    Weiss, K.B.2    Mottur-Pilson, C.3
  • 80
    • 0027406191 scopus 로고
    • Diabetes, other risk factors, and 12-yr cardiovascular mortality for men screened in the multiple risk factor intervention trial
    • Stamler J, Vaccaro O, Neaton JD, Wentworth D. Diabetes, other risk factors, and 12-yr cardiovascular mortality for men screened in the multiple risk factor intervention trial. Diabet Care 1993; 16: 434-444
    • (1993) Diabet Care , vol.16 , pp. 434-444
    • Stamler, J.1    Vaccaro, O.2    Neaton, J.D.3    Wentworth, D.4
  • 81
    • 0029857628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of 10-year macrovascular and overall mortality in patients with NIDDM: The Munich General Practitioner Project
    • Standl E, Balletshofer B, Dahl B, Weichenhain B, Stiegler H, Hormann A, Holle R. Predictors of 10-year macrovascular and overall mortality in patients with NIDDM: the Munich General Practitioner Project. Diabetologia 1996; 39: 1540-1545
    • (1996) Diabetologia , vol.39 , pp. 1540-1545
    • Standl, E.1    Balletshofer, B.2    Dahl, B.3    Weichenhain, B.4    Stiegler, H.5    Hormann, A.6    Holle, R.7
  • 84
    • 0024806359 scopus 로고
    • On the impact of hypertension on the prognosis of NIDDM. Results of the Schwabing GP-Program
    • Standl E, Stiegler H, Roth R, Schulz K, Lehmacher W. On the impact of hypertension on the prognosis of NIDDM. Results of the Schwabing GP-Program. Diabetes Metab 1989; 15: 352-358
    • (1989) Diabetes Metab , vol.15 , pp. 352-358
    • Standl, E.1    Stiegler, H.2    Roth, R.3    Schulz, K.4    Lehmacher, W.5
  • 85
    • 0034641568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On behalf of the UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group: Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type-2-diabetes (UKPDS 35): Prospective observational study
    • Stratton IM, Adler AI, Neil HAW, Matthews DR, Manley SE, Cull CA, Hadden D, Turner RC, Holman RR. On behalf of the UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group: Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type-2-diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ 2000; 321: 405-412
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.321 , pp. 405-412
    • Stratton, I.M.1    Adler, A.I.2    Neil, H.A.W.3    Matthews, D.R.4    Manley, S.E.5    Cull, C.A.6    Hadden, D.7    Turner, R.C.8    Holman, R.R.9
  • 86
    • 0344373794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Major Outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs. diuretic
    • The ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. Major Outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs. diuretic. JAMA 2002; 288: 2981-2997
    • (2002) JAMA , vol.288 , pp. 2981-2997
  • 87
    • 0242300698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Follow-up report on the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
    • The Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus. Follow-up report on the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Diabet Care 2003; 11: 3160-3167
    • (2003) Diabet Care , vol.11 , pp. 3160-3167
  • 88
    • 0033047374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired glucose tolerance is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but not impaired fasting glucose
    • Tomigana M, Igarashi K, Eguchi H, Kato T, Manaka H, Sekikawa A. Impaired glucose tolerance is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but not impaired fasting glucose. Diabet Care 1999; 22: 920-924
    • (1999) Diabet Care , vol.22 , pp. 920-924
    • Tomigana, M.1    Igarashi, K.2    Eguchi, H.3    Kato, T.4    Manaka, H.5    Sekikawa, A.6
  • 90
    • 0031729818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The U. K. prospective diabetes study. A review
    • Turner RC. The U. K. prospective diabetes study. A review. Diabet Care 1998; 21: C35-38
    • (1998) Diabet Care , vol.21
    • Turner, R.C.1
  • 91
    • 0032511580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38
    • UKPDS Group. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. BMJ 1998; 317: 703-713
    • (1998) BMJ , vol.317 , pp. 703-713
  • 93
    • 0020566115 scopus 로고
    • The role of circulating glucose and triglyceride concentrations and their interactions with other "risk factors" as determinants of arterial disease in nine diabetic population samples from the WHO multinational study
    • West KM, Ahuja MM, Bennett PH, Czyzyk A, De Acosta OM, Fuller JH, Grab B, Grabauskas V, Jarrett RJ, Kosaka K. The role of circulating glucose and triglyceride concentrations and their interactions with other "risk factors" as determinants of arterial disease in nine diabetic population samples from the WHO multinational study. Diabet Care 1983; 6: 361-369
    • (1983) Diabet Care , vol.6 , pp. 361-369
    • West, K.M.1    Ahuja, M.M.2    Bennett, P.H.3    Czyzyk, A.4    De Acosta, O.M.5    Fuller, J.H.6    Grab, B.7    Grabauskas, V.8    Jarrett, R.J.9    Kosaka, K.10
  • 94
    • 2342466734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global prevalence of diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030
    • Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabet Care 2004; 27: 1047-1054
    • (2004) Diabet Care , vol.27 , pp. 1047-1054
    • Wild, S.1    Roglic, G.2    Green, A.3    Sicree, R.4    King, H.5
  • 95
    • 0036203254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concentrations of proinsulin like molecules predict coronary heart disease risk independently of insulin: Prospective data from the Caerphilly study
    • Yudkin JS, May M, Elwood P, Yarnell JW, Greenwood R, Davey Smith G. Concentrations of proinsulin like molecules predict coronary heart disease risk independently of insulin: prospective data from the Caerphilly study. Diabetologia 2002; 45: 327-336
    • (2002) Diabetologia , vol.45 , pp. 327-336
    • Yudkin, J.S.1    May, M.2    Elwood, P.3    Yarnell, J.W.4    Greenwood, R.5    Davey Smith, G.6
  • 96
    • 0037035446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proinsulin is an independent predictor of coronary heart disease
    • Zethelius B, Byberg L, Hales CN, Lithell H, Berne C Proinsulin is an independent predictor of coronary heart disease. Circulation 2002; 105: 2153-2158
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 2153-2158
    • Zethelius, B.1    Byberg, L.2    Hales, C.N.3    Lithell, H.4    Berne, C.5
  • 97
    • 0030896748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The global epidemiology of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome
    • Zimmet PZ, McCarty DJ, De Courten MP. The global epidemiology of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome. J Diabetes Complications 1997; 11: 60-68
    • (1997) J Diabetes Complications , vol.11 , pp. 60-68
    • Zimmet, P.Z.1    McCarty, D.J.2    De Courten, M.P.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.