Late Quaternary climatic changes in the eastern Kumaun Himalaya, India, as deduced from multi-proxy studies

Quaternary International

Volumn 213, Issue 1-2, 2010, Pages 44-55

  Kotlia, Bahadur Singh ^a   Sanwal, Jaishri ^a   Phartiyal, Binita ^b   Joshi, Lalit Mohan ^a   Trivedi, Anjali ^c   Sharma, Chhaya ^c  

^a KUMAUN UNIVERSITY   (India)

^b BIRBAL SAHNI INSTITUTE OF PALAEOBOTANY   (India)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LUCKNOW   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE VARIATION; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; PALEOCLIMATE; PROXY CLIMATE RECORD; QUATERNARY; YOUNGER DRYAS;

HIMALAYAS; INDIA; KUMAUN HIMALAYAS; UTTARAKHAND;

EID: 76049087105     PISSN: 10406182     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2009.09.002     Document Type: Article

References (110)

1. Alley R.B., Meese D.A., Shuman C.A., Gow A.J., Taylor K.C., Grootes P.M., White J.W.C., Ram M., Waddington E.D., Mayewski P.A., and Zielenski G.A. Abrupt increase in Greenland snow accumulation at the end of the Younger Dryas event. Nature 362 (1993) 527-529
2. Anderson D.M., Overpeck J.T., and Gupta A.K. Increase in the Asian southwest monsoon during the past four centuries. Science 297 (2002) 596-599
3. Arz H.W., Lamy F., and Pätzold J. A pronounced dry event recorded around 4.2 ka in brine sediments from the northern Red Sea. Quaternary Research 66 (2006) 432-441
4. Basavaiah N., Juyal N., Pant R.K., Yadava M.G., Singhvi A.K., and Appel A. Late Quaternary climatic changes reconstructed from mineral magnetic studies from proglacial lake deposits of Higher Central Himalaya. Journal of Indian Geophysical Union 8 1 (2004) 27-37
5. Benn D.I., and Owen L.A. The role of the Indian summer monsoon and the mid-latitude westerlies in Himalayan glaciation: review and speculative discussion. Journal of Geological Society of London 155 (1998) 353-363
6. Bhattacharyya A. Vegetation and climate during the last 30,000 years in Ladakh. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 73 (1989) 25-38
7. Bhattacharyya T., Pal D.K., and Deshpandey S.B. Genesis and transformation of minerals in the formation of red (Alfisol) and black (Inceptisols and Vertisols) soils on Deccan basalt in western Ghats, India. Journal of Soil Science 44 (1993) 159-171
8. Bloemendal J., King J.W., Hall F.R., and Doh S.J. Rock magnetism of Late Neogene and Pleistocene deep sediments: relationship to sediment source, diagenetic processes and sediment lithology. Journal of Geophysical Research 97 (1992) 4361-4375
9. Blunier T., Chappellaz J., Schwander J., Stauffer B., and Raynaud D. Variation in atmospheric methane concentration during the Holocene epoch. Nature 374 (1995) 46-49
10. Bonnefille R., and Riollet G. The Kashiru pollen sequence (Burundi) palaeoclimatic implications for the last 40,000 yr B.P. in Tropical Africa. Quaternary Research 30 (1988) 19-35
11. Breitenbach S., Plessen B., Marwan N., Oberhansli H., Prasad S., Kotlia B.S., Fernandez D., Adkins J., and Haug G. North Atlantic cold events pushed ITCZ southward and weakened Indian summer monsoon in northern India. Geophysical Research Abstracts 9 (2007) 09697
12. Brown E.T., Bendick R., Bourles D.L., Gaur V., Molnar P., Raisbeck G.M., and Yiou F. Early Holocene climatic record in geomorphological features in western Tibet. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 199 (2003) 141-151
13. Bryson R.A., and Swain A.M. Holocene variations of monsoon rainfall in Rajasthan. Quaternary Research 16 (1981) 135-145
14. Cerling T.E. The stable isotopic composition of modern soil carbonate and its relationship to climate. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 71 (1984) 229-240
15. Chauhan M.S., and Sharma C. Pollen analysis of mid-Holocene sediments from Kumaon Himalaya. Special Publication of Geological Survey of India 21 (1996) 257-269
16. Chauhan O.S. Past 20,000-year history of Himalaya aridity: evidence from oxygen isotope records in the Bay of Bengal. Current Science 84 (2003) 90-93
17. Chauhan O.S., Borole D.V., Gujar A.R., Mascarenhas A., Mislanker P.G., and Rao C.M. Evidences of climatic variations during late Pleistocene-Holocene in the eastern Bay of Bengal. Current Science 65 7 (1993) 558-562
18. Chauhan O.S., Patil S.K., and Suneethi J. Fluvial influx and weathering history of the Himalaya since last glacial maxima-isotopic, sedimentological and magnetic records from the Bay of Bengal. Current Science 87 4 (2004) 509-514
19. Chauhan O.S., Sukhija B.S., Gujar A.R., Nagabhushanam P., and Paropkari A.L. Late-Quaternary variations in clay minerals along the SW continental margin of India: evidence of climatic variations. Geo-Marine Letters 20 2 (2000) 118-122
20. Dalfes H.N., Kukla G., and Weiss H. Third Millennium B.C. Climate Change and World Collapse 49 (1997), Springer, Berlin 723 pp.
21. Drysdale R., Zanchetta G., Hellstrom J., Mass R., Fallick A., Pickett M., Cartwright I., and Piccini L. Late Holocene drought responsible for the collapse of old world civilization is recorded in an Italian cave flowstone. Geology 34 2 (2006) 101-104
22. Faegri K., and Iversen J. Text Book of Pollen Analysis (1975), Munkegaard, Copenhagen 295 pp.
23. Feng D.Z., Zhai X.W., Ma Y.Z., Huang C.Q., Wang W.G., Zhang H.C., Khosbayar P., Narantsetseg T., Liu K.-B., and Rutter N.W. Eolian environmental change in the northern Mongolian plateau during the past ∼35,000 yr. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 245 (2007) 505-517
24. Fontes J.C., Gasse F., and Gilbert E. Holocene environmental changes in lake Bangong basin (western Tibet). Part I: chronology and stable isotopes of carbonates of Holocene lacustrine core. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 120 (1996) 25-47
25. Fontes J.C., Melieres F., Gibert E., Qing L., and Gasse F. Stable isotope and radiocarbon balances of two Tibetan lakes (Sumxi Co, Longmu Co) from 13,000 BP. Quaternary Science Reviews 12 (1993) 875-887
26. Gasse F. Hydrological changes in the African tropics since the Last Glacial Maximum. Quaternary Science Reviews 19 (2000) 189-211
27. Gasse F., Arnold M., Fontes J.C., Fort M., Gilbert E., Hue A., Bingyan L., Yuangang L., Qing L., Mélières F., Van Campo E., Fubao W., and Qingsong Z. A 13,000-year climate record from western Tibet. Nature 353 (1991) 742-745
28. Gasse F., and Van Campo E. Abrupt post glacial climate events in west Asia and north Africa monsoon domains. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 126 (1994) 435-456
29. Goodbred J.S.L., and Kuehl S.A. Enormous Ganga-Brahmputra sediment discharge during strengthened early Holocene monsoon. Geology 28 (2000) 1083-1086
30. Gupta A.K., Anderson D.M., Pandey D.N., and Singhvi A.K. Adaptation and human migration and evidence of agriculture coincident with change in the Indian summer monsoon during the Holocene. Current Science 90 8 (2006) 1082-1090
31. Gupta A.K., Anderson D.M., and Overpeck J.T. Abrupt changes in the Asian southwest monsoon during the Holocene and their links to the North Atlantic Ocean. Nature 421 (2003) 354-357
32. Herbillon A.J., Frankart R., and Vielvoye L. Occurrence of interstratified Kaolinite-Smectite minerals in a red-black soil toposequence. Clay Minerals 16 (1981) 195-201
33. Hong Y.T., Hong B., Lin Q.H., Zhu Y.X., Shibata Y., Hirota M., Uchida M., Leng X.T., Jiang H.B., Xu H., Wang H., and Yi L. Correlation between Indian Ocean summer monsoon and north Atlantic climatic during the Holocene. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 211 (2003) 371-380
34. Hui F., Gasse F., Huc A., Yuanfang L., Sifeddine A.S.M., and Soulié-Märsche I. Holocene environmental changes in Bangong Co basin (western Tibet). Part 3: biogenic remains. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 120 (1996) 65-78
35. Jacobs J.A. Reversals of the Magnetic Field. second ed. (1984), Cambridge University Press 341 pp.
36. Jing Z., Sumin W., Guishan Y., and Haifeng X. Younger Dryas event and cold events in early mid Holocene: record from the sediment of Erhai Lake. Advance Climatic Change Research 3 (2007) 41-44
37. Jingtai W., Derbyshire E., and Shaw J. Preliminary magnetostratigraphy of Dabusan Lake and Qiadam basin, Central Asia. Physical Earth Planetary International 44 (1986) 41-52
38. Johnsen S.J., Clausen H.B., Dansgaard W., Fuhrer K., Gundestrup N., Hsmmer C.U., Iversen P., Jouzal J., Staufer B., and Steffensen J.P. Irregular glacial interstadials recorded in a new Greenland ice core. Nature 359 (1992) 311-313
39. Kajale M.D., and Deotare B.C. Late Quaternary environmental studies on salt lakes in western Rajasthan, India: a summarised view. Journal of Quaternary Science 12 (1998) 405-412
40. Kotlia B.S., Bhalla M.S., Shah N., and Rajagopalan G. Palaeomagnetic results from the Pleistocene-Holocene lake deposits of Bhimtal and Bhowali (Kumaun Himalaya) and Lamayuru (Ladakh Himalaya) with reference to the reversal events. Journal of the Geological Society of India 51 (1998) 7-20
41. Kotlia B.S., Bhalla M.S., Sharma C., Rajagopalan G., Ramesh R., Chauhan M.S., Mathur P.D., Bhandari S., and Chacko S.T. Palaeoclimatic conditions in the upper Pleistocene and Holocene Bhimtal-Naukuchiatal lake basin in south-central Kumaun, North India. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 130 (1997) 307-322
42. Kotlia B.S., and Phartiyal B. Palaeomagnetic results in late Quaternary lake profiles at Wadda and Riyasi (Pithoragarh) and Phulara (Champawat), Kumaun Himalaya. Memoirs of Geological Society of India 44 (1999) 249-260
43. Kotlia B.S., Sanwal J., and Bhattacharya S.K. Climatic record between ca. 31 and 22 ka BP in east-central Uttarakhand Himalaya, India. Himalayan Geology 29 1 (2008) 25-33
44. Kotlia B.S., Sharma C., Bhalla M.S., Rajagopalan G., Subrahmanyam K., Bhattacharyya A., and Valdiya K.S. Palaeoclimatic conditions in the Late Pleistocene Wadda Lake, eastern Kumaun Himalaya, India. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 162 (2000) 105-118
45. Kotlia B.S., Shukla U.K., Bhalla M.S., Mathur P.D., and Pant C.C. Quaternary fluvio-lacustrine deposits of the Lamayuru basin, Ladakh Himalaya: preliminary multidisciplinary investigations. Geological Magazine 134 6 (1997) 807-815
46. Kudrass H.R., Erlenkeuser H., Vollbrecht R., and Weiss W. Global nature of the Younger Dryas cooling event inferred from oxygen isotope data from Sulu Sea cores. Nature 349 (1991) 406-408
47. Kudrass H.R., Hofmann A., Doose H., Emeis K., and Erlenkeuser H. Modulation and amplification of climatic change in the northern Hemisphere by the Indian summer monsoon during the past 80 k.y. Geology 29 1 (2001) 63-66
48. Lajoie K.R., and Liddicoat J.C. Refinement of the chronology and palaeomagnetic record at Mono Lake, California. Transactions, American Geophysical Union 61 (1980) 215-221
49. Leuschner D.C., and Sirocko F. Orbital isolation forcing of the Indian Monsoon: a motor for global climate change. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 197 (2003) 83-95
50. Li G.S. Carbon stable isotope record and abrupt climatic events inferred from the Aibl Lake, Xinjiang, China, since the post-glacial period. Chinese Science Bulletin 38 22 (1993) 2071-2096
51. Liang H.C., Su Y.M., and Qian W.X. Preliminary Study on Minor Climate in Montane Areas (1990), Western Sichuan Press of Science and Technology, Chengdu 85-107
52. Maher B.A., and Thompson R. Mineral magnetic record of the Chinese loess and palaeosol. Geology 19 (1991) 3-6
53. Magny M., Begeot C., Guiot J., and Peyron O. Contrasting patterns of hydrological changes in Europe in response to Holocene climate phases. Quaternary Science Reviews 22 (2003) 1589-1596
54. 18O record from SW Ireland. Science 294 (2001) 1328-1331
55. Meissner K.J., and Clark P.U. Impact of floods versus routing events on the thermohaline circulation. Geophysical Research Letters 33 (2006) 10.1029/2006GL026705
56. Morrill C., Overpeck J.T., and Cole J.E. A synthesis of abrupt changes in the Asian summer monsoon since the last deglaciation. The Holocene 13 (2003) 465-476
57. Naidu P.D. Onset of an arid climate at 3.5 ka in the tropics: evidence from monsoon upwelling record. Current Science 71 9 (1996) 715-718
58. Naidu P.D. Link between western Arabian Sea surface temperature and summer monsoon strength and high-latitude abrupt climate events. Journal of the Geological Society of India 68 (2006) 379-385
59. Opdyke N.D., Shackleton N.J., and Hays J.D. The details of a magnetic excursion as seen in a piston core from the southern Indian Ocean. Transactions, American Geophysical Union 55 (1974) 237-242
60. Osmond C.B., and Ziegler H. Schwere pflanzen and leichte pfanzen: stable isotope in photosynthesis toffwechel un in der biochemischen okaklogie. Narturwissenschaft Rundschau 28 (1975) 1-323
61. Owen L.A., Finkel R.C., and Caffee M.W. A note on the extent of glaciation throughout the Himalaya during the global Last Glacial Maximum. Quaternary Science Reviews 21 (2002) 147-157
62. Pant R.K., Basavaiah N., Juyal N., Saini N.K., Yadava M.G., Appel E., and Singhvi A.K. A 20-ka climate record from Central Himalayan loess deposits. Journal of Quaternary Science 20 5 (2005) 485-492
63. Pant R.K., Juyal N., Rautela P., Yadava M.G., and Sangode S. Climate instability during last glacial stage: evidence from varve deposits at Goting, district Chamoli, Garhwal Himalaya, India. Current Science 75 8 (1998) 850-855
64. Peteet D.M. The palynological expression of the Younger Dryas event - Europe versus eastern North America. In: Bard E., and Broecker W.S. (Eds). The Last Deglaciation: Absolute and Radiocarbon Chronologies (1992), Springer Verlag, Berlin 327-344
65. Phadtare N.R. Sharp decrease in summer monsoon strength 4000-3500 cal yr BP in the central higher Himalayas of India based on pollen evidences from alpine peat. Quaternary Research 53 (2000) 122-129
66. Phartiyal B., Appel E., Blaha U., Hoffmann V., and Kotlia B.S. Palaeoclimatic significance of magnetic properties from Late Quaternary lacustrine sediments at Pithoragarh, Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, India. Quaternary International 108 (2003) 51-62
67. Phartiyal B., and Kotlia B.S. A geomagnetic excursion/event at ∼20,000-19,000 years BP recorded from the palaeolake sediments of Pithoragarh and Champawat districts, Uttaranchal. Journal of the Geological Society of India 66 (2005) 623-633
68. Prasad V., Phartiyal B., and Sharma A. Evidence of enhanced winter precipitation of the prevalence of a cool and dry climate during the mid to late Holocene in mainland Gujarat. The Holocene 17 7 (2007) 889-896
69. Prell W.L., and Kutzbach J.E. Monsoon variability over the past 150,000 years. Journal of Geophysical Research 92 (1987) 8411-8425
70. Prell W.L., Murray W., Clemens S.C., and Anderson D.M. Evolution and variability of the Indian Ocean summer monsoon: evidence from the western Arabian Sea drilling program: synthesis of results from scientific drilling in the Indian Ocean. Geophysical Monograph 70 (1992) 447-469
71. Prell W.L., and Van Campo E. Coherent response of Arabian Sea upwelling and pollen transport to late Quaternary monsoonal winds. Nature 323 (1986) 526-528
72. Radhakrishna B.P. Holocene chronology and Indian prehistory. Memoirs of Geological Society of India 42 (1999) 17-25
73. Rangrajan G., and Sant D.A. Palaeoclimatic data from 74KL and Guliya cores: new insights. Geophysical Research Letters 27 6 (2000) 787-790
74. Richards B.W.M., Benn D.I., Owen L.A., Rhodes E.J., and Spencer J.Q. Timing of late Quaternary glaciations south of Mount Everest in the Khumbu Himal, Nepal. Geological Society of America Bulletin 112 (2001) 1621-1632
75. Roberts N., Taieb M., Barker P., Damnati B., Icole M., and Williamson D. Timing of the Younger Dryas event in east Africa from lake level changes. Nature 366 (1993) 146-148
76. Rühland K., Phadtare N.R., Pant R.K., Sangode S.J., and Smol J.P. Accelerated melting of Himalayan snow and ice triggers pronounced changes in a valley peatland from northern India. Geophysical Research Letters 33 (2006) 10.1029/2006GL026704
77. Sarkar C., Ramesh R., Bhattacharya S.K., and Rajagopalan G. Oxygen isotope evidence for a stronger winter monsoon current during the last glaciation. Nature 343 (1990) 549-551
78. Sharma K.K., Gu Z.Y., Lal D., Caffee M.W., and Southon J. Late Quaternary morphotectonic evolution of Upper Spiti Valley: a cosmogenic radionuclide study of river polished surfaces. Current Science 75 4 (1998) 366-372
79. Sharma M.C., and Owen L.A. Quaternary glacial history of the Garhwal Himalaya, India. Quaternary Science Reviews 15 (1996) 335-365
80. Sharma S., Joachimski M., Sharma M., Tobschall H.J., Singh I.B., Sharma C., Chauhan M.S., and Morgenroth G. Late glacial and Holocene environmental changes in Ganga plain, northern India. Quaternary Science Reviews 23 (2004) 145-159
81. Singh G., and Agarwal D.P. Radiocarbon evidence for deglaciation in north-western Himalaya, India. Nature 260 (1976) 233
82. Singh G., Wasson R.J., and Agarwal D.P. Vegetational and seasonal climatic changes since the last full glacial in the Thar Desert, northwestern India. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 64 (1990) 351-358
83. Sinha A., Cannariato K.G., Stott L.D., Li H.C., You C.F., Cheng H., Edwards R.L., and Singh I.B. Variability of southwest Indian summer monsoon during the Bølling-Ållerød. Geological Society of America 33 10 (2005) 813-816
84. Sirocko F., Lange H., and Erlenkeuser H. The atmospheric summer circulation and coastal upwelling in the Arabian Sea during the Holocene and the last glaciation. Quaternary Research 36 (1991) 72-93
85. Sirocko F., Sarnthein M., Erlenkeuser H., Lange H., Arnold M., and Duplessy J.C. Century-scale events in monsoonal climatic over past 24,000 years. Nature 354 (1993) 322-324
86. Sirocko F., Schonberg D.G., Mcintyre A., and Molfino B. Teleconnection between subtropical monsoon and high-latitude climates during the last glaciation. Science 272 (1996) 526-529
87. 12C ratio for higher plants. Plant Physiology 47 (1971) 380-384
88. Staubwasser M., Sirocko F., Grotes P., and Segl M. Climate change at the 4.2 ka BP termination of the Indus valley civilization and Holocene south Asian monsoon variability. Geophysical Research Letters 30 (2003) 1425 10.1029/2002GL016822
89. Staubwasser M., and Weiss H. Holocene climatic and culture evolution in late prehistoric-early historic west Asia. Quaternary Research (2006) 10.1016/j.yqres.2006.09.001
90. Stuiver M.P., Reimer J., Bard E., Burr G.S., Hughen K.A., Kromer B., McCormac G., Plicht J.v.d., and Spurk M. INTCAL98 Radiocarbon Age Calibration. Radiocarbon 40 3 (1998) 1041-1083
91. Sundriyal Y.P., Tripathi J.K., Sati S.P., Rawat G.S., and Srivastava P. Landslide-dammed lakes in the Alaknanda basin lesser Himalaya: causes and implication. Current Science 93 4 (2007) 568-574
92. Swain A.M., Kutzabch J.E., and Hastenrath S. Estimates of Holocene precipitation for Rajasthan, India, based on pollen and lake-level data. Quaternary Research 19 (1983) 1-17
93. Thompson R., and Oldfield F. Environmental Magnetism (1986), Allen and Unwin Publishers Ltd., UK 227 pp.
94. Thompson L.G., Thompson E.M., Davis M.E., Henderson K.A., Brecher H.H., Zagorodnov V.S., Mashiotta T.A., Lin P.N., Mikhalenko V.N., Hardy D.R., and Beer J. Kilimanjaro ice core records evidence of Holocene climatic change in tropical Africa. Science 298 (2002) 589-593
95. Thompson L.G., Yao T., Davis M.E., Henderson K.A., Thompson E.M., Lin P.N., Beer J., Synal H.A., Cole-Dai J., and Bolzan J.F. Tropical climatic instability: the last glacial cycle from Qinghai-Tibetan ice core. Science 276 (1997) 1821-1825
96. Tinner W., and Lotter A.F. Central European vegetation response to abrupt climatic change at 8.2 ka. Geology 29 (2001) 2551-2554
97. Valdiya K.S. Reactivation of faults, active folds and geomorphic rejuvenation in eastern Kumaun Himalaya: wider implication. Indian Journal of Geology 1-2 (1999) 53-63
98. Valdiya K.S., and Kotlia B.S. Fluvial geomorphic evidence for late Quaternary reactivation of a synclinally folded nappe in Kumaun Lesser Himalaya. Journal of the Geological Society of India 58 (2001) 303-317
99. Van Campo E. Monsoon fluctuations in two 20,000 yr BP oxygen isotope pollen record of south-west, India. Quaternary Research 26 (1986) 376-388
100. Van Campo E., Cour P., and Sixuan H. Holocene environmental changes in Bangong Co basin (western Tibet). Part 2: the pollen record. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 120 (1996) 49-63
101. Van Campo E., Duplessy J.C., and Rossignl-Strick M. Climatic conditions deduced from a 150 kyr oxygen isotope-pollen record from the Arabian Sea. Nature 296 5852 (1982) 56-59
102. Van Campo E., and Gasse F. Pollen- and diatom-inferred climatic and hydrological changes in Sumxi Co basin (western Tibet) since 13,000 yr B.P. Quaternary Research 39 (1993) 300-313
103. Von Dobeneck T. A systematic analysis of natural magnetic mineral assemblages based on modeling hysteresis loops with coercivity-related hyperbolic basis functions. Geophysical Journal International 124 (1996) 675-694
104. Von Grafenstein U., Erlenkeuser H., Muller J., Jouzel J., and Johnsen S. The cold event 8200 year ago documented in oxygen isotope records of precipitation in Europe and Greenland. Climate Dynamics 14 (1998) 73-81
105. Von Rad U.V., Kudrass H.-R., and Berger W.H. Hoch - und niederfrequente Monsun-Intensitätswechsel im nördlichen Indik während der letzten 75000 Jahre. Nova Acta Leopoldina 88 331 (2001) 141-150
106. Weijian Z., Donahue D.J., Porter S.C., Jull T.A., Xiauqiang L., Stuiver M., Zhisheng A., Matsumoto E., and Guangrong D. Variability of monsoon climate in east Asia at the end of the last glaciation. Quaternary Research 46 (1996) 219-229
107. 13C chronologies from south Island, New Zealand - did a global Younger Dryas really exist. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 230 (2005) 301-317
108. 10O record from Shennongjia in Central China. Chinese Science Bulletin 51 2 (2006) 221-228
109. Yan G., Wang F.B., Shi G.R., and Li S.F. Palynological and stable isotopic study of palaeoenvironmental change on the northeastern Tibetan plateau in the last 30,000 years. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 153 (1999) 147-159
110. Zhou S.Z., Chen F.H., Pan B.P., Cao J.X., Li J.J., and Derbyshire E. Environmental change during the Holocene in western China on a millennial timescale. The Holocene 1 (1991) 151-156