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Using factor analysis, we can divide the 14 REEs into two factors: (i) a lithophile factor corresponding to zircon (Zr) content, which is derived from the mineral Zr abundance in Arabian dust, and (ii) a biophile factor, corresponding to lead (Pb) abundance, derived from the scavenging activity of settling biogenic detritus. The REE abundance values used in Figs 2 through 5 are the factor scores of the lithophile factor. Substituting Zr in Figs. 2 through 5 would give the same result, but with less significance, because factor analysis removes efficiently the analytical error from the record, because all REE are extremely similar in their geochemical behavior, and only those features shared by all 14 REEs are depicted in the factor.
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The ICP-MS laboratory at Kiel University was facilitated by the German Ministry of Research and Technology (grant MFG0664A); this study was funded by the Climate Research Program (grants 07KF0214 and 03F0131) from the same university A.M. and B.M. are funded by NSF grant OCE93-13821; this is Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory contribution 5489. The paper was begun in 1993 at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, when F S. received a fellowship of the Max Kade Foundation, and was finished in 1995 at the Godwin Institute for Quaternary Research in Cambridge, UK, when F.S. was a fellow of the "Heisenberg" program of the German Research Council. The financial support of these institutions is gratefully acknowledged. We also thank M. Sarnthein and two anonymous reviewers for constructive comments, and S. Johnsen, J. Chappellaz, and M. Stuiver for providing ice core data. The entire data file of core 74KL (7, 11) is accessible from the National Geophysical Data Center data bank, ftp.ng-donoaa.gov, in the directory/paleo/paleocean/by_ contributor/sirocko1993. For information, e-mail info@ngdc.noaagov
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