Spatial and temporal variations in magma-assisted rifting, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

Volumn 190, Issue 1-2, 2010, Pages 89-108

  Rowland, Julie V ^a   Wilson, Colin J N ^b   Gravley, Darren M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND   (New Zealand)

^b VICTORIA UNIVERSITY OF WELLINGTON   (New Zealand)

Author keywords

extension; magma assisted rifting; normal fault growth; Taupo Volcanic Zone; volcano tectonic interaction

Indexed keywords

EXTENSIONAL STRAIN; FAULT RUPTURES; FAULT SLIP; FAULT ZONE; GEOPHYSICAL MODELS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS; HIGH TEMPERATURE; LENGTH SCALE; MAFIC DIKES; MAGMA-ASSISTED RIFTING; MAGMATISMS; NEW ZEALAND; NORMAL FAULT GROWTH; NORMAL FAULTS; RIFT BASIN; SHALLOW DEPTHS; SMALL BODIES; SPACE AND TIME; SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION; SURFACE FAULTS; TAUPO VOLCANIC ZONE; THERMAL STATE; TIME-SCALES; UNPREDICTABLE FAULTS;

GEOPHYSICS; GEOTHERMAL FIELDS; LEVEES; TECTONICS;

VOLCANOES;

EXTENSIONAL TECTONICS; MAGMATISM; MANTLE SOURCE; MONOCLINE; RHYOLITE; RIFTING; RUPTURE; SPATIAL VARIATION; TECTONIC SETTING; TEMPORAL VARIATION; UPLIFT; VOLCANISM;

NEW ZEALAND; NORTH ISLAND; TAUPO VOLCANIC ZONE;

EID: 75849127183     PISSN: 03770273     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.05.004     Document Type: Article

References (182)

1. Acocella V., Spinks K., Cole J.W., and Nicol A. Oblique back arc rifting of Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Tectonics 22 (2003) T1045 10.1029/2002TC001447
2. Aki K. Evidence for magma intrusion during the Mammoth Lakes earthquakes of May 1980 and implications of the absence of volcanic (harmonic) tremor. J. Geophys. Res. 89 (1984) 7689-7696
3. Allan A.S.R., Baker J.A., Carter L., and Wysoczanski R.J. Reconstructing the Quaternary evolution of the world's most active silicic volcanic system: insights from a ~ 1.65 Myr deep-ocean tephra record sourced from Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Quat. Sci. Rev. 27 (2008) 2341-2360
4. Anderson H., Smith E., and Robinson R. Normal faulting in a back arc basin: seismological characteristics of the March 2, 1987, Edgecumbe, New Zealand, earthquake. J. Geophys. Res. 95 (1990) 4709-4723
5. Annen C., Blundy J.D., and Sparks R.S.J. The genesis of intermediate and silicic magmas in deep crustal hot zones. J. Petrol. 47 (2006) 505-539
6. Arehart G.B., Christenson B.W., Wood C.P., Foland K.A., and Browne P.R.L. Timing of volcanic, plutonic and geothermal activity at Ngatamariki, New Zealand. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 116 (2002) 201-214
7. Ayele A., Jacques E., Kassim M., Kidane T., Omar A., Tait S., Nercessian A., De Chabalier J.-B., and King G.C.P. The volcano-seismic crisis in Afar, Ethiopia, starting September 2005. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 255 (2007) 177-187
8. Bannister S. Seismic exploration in geothermal areas - effect of the surface layer. Proc. 14th N.Z. Geothermal Workshop, Univ.Auckland (1992) 231-236
9. Bannister S.C., Bryan C.J., and Bibby H.M. Shear wave velocity variation across the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand, from receiver function inversion. Geophys. J. Int. 159 (2004) 291-310
10. Bastow I., Stuart G.W., Kendall J.-M., and Ebinger C. Upper mantle seismic structure in a region of incipient continental breakup: northern Ethiopian rif. Geophys. J. Int. 162 (2005) 479-493
11. Battaglia M., Troise C., Obrizzo F., Pingue F., and De Natale G. Evidence for fluid migration as the source of deformation at Campi Flegrei caldera (Italy). Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 (2006) L01307 10.1029/2005GL024904
12. Beanland S., Blick G.H., and Darby D.J. Normal faulting in a back-arc basin: geological and geodetic characteristics of the 1987 Edgecumbe earthquake, New Zealand. J. Geophys. Res 95 (1990) 4693-4707
13. Beavan J., and Haines J. Contemporary horizontal velocity and strain rate fields of the Pacific-Australian plate boundary zone through New Zealand. J. Geophys. Res 106 (2001) 741-770
14. Beetham R.D., and Watters W.A. Geology of Torlesse and Waipapa terrane basement rocks encountered during the Tongariro Power Development Project, North Island, New Zealand. N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 28 (1985) 575-594
15. Berryman K.R., Villamor P., Nairn I.A., Van Dissen R.J., Begg J.G., and Lee J. Late Pleistocene surface rupture history of the Paeroa Fault, Taupo Rift, New Zealand. N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 51 (2008) 135-158
16. Bibby H.M., Caldwell T.G., Davey F.J., and Webb T.H. Geophysical evidence on the structure of the Taupo Volcanic Zone and its hydrothermal circulation. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 68 (1995) 29-58
17. Bibby H.M., Risk G.F., Caldwell T.G., Heise W., and Bennie S.L. Resistivity structure of western Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 51 (2008) 231-244
18. Blake S., Wilson C.J.N., Smith I.E.M., and Walker G.P.L. Petrology and dynamics of the Waimihia mixed magma eruption, Taupo Volcano, New Zealand. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 149 (1992) 193-207
19. 39Ar ages of silicic volcanic rocks in the Tauranga-Kaimai area, New Zealand: dating the transition between volcanism in the Coromandel Arc and the Taupo Volcanic Zone. N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 48 (2005) 459-469
20. Brown S.J.A., Burt R.M., Cole J.W., Krippner S.J.P., Price R.C., and Cartwright I. Plutonic lithics in ignimbrites of Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand: sources and conditions of crystallisation. Chem. Geol. 148 (1998) 21-41
21. Browne P.R.L. Petrological logs of drillholes, Broadlands geothermal field. N.Z. Geol. Surv. Rept. 52 (1971) 1-87
22. Browne P.R.L. Petrological logs of drillholes, Kawerau geothermal field. N.Z. Geol. Surv. Rept. 84 (1978) 1-57
23. Browne P.R.L. Minimum age of the Kawerau geothermal field, North Island, New Zealand. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 6 (1979) 213-215
24. Browne P.R.L., Graham I.J., Parker R.J., and Wood C.P. Subsurface andesite lavas and plutonic rocks in the Rotokawa and Ngatamariki geothermal systems, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 51 (1992) 199-215
25. Bryan C.J., Sherburn S., Bibby H.M., Bannister S.C., and Hurst A.W. Shallow seismicity of the central Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand: its distribution and nature. N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 42 (1999) 533-542
26. Buck W.R. Consequences of asthenospheric variability on continental rifting. In: Karner G.D., Taylor B., Driscoll N.W., and Kohlstedt D.L. (Eds). Rheology and Deformation of the Lithosphere at Continental Margins (2004), Columbia University Press, New York 1-30
27. Buck W.R., Einarsson P., and Brandsdottir B. Tectonic stress and magma chamber size as controls on dyke propagation: constraints from the 1975-1984 Krafla rifting episode. J. Geophys. Res. 111 (2006) B12404 10.1029/2005JB003879
28. Bull J.M., Barnes P.M., Lamarche G., Sanderson D.J., Cowie P.A., Taylor S.K., and Dix J.K. High-resolution record of displacement accumulation on an active normal fault: implications for models of slip accumulation during repeated earthquakes. J. Struct. Geol. 28 (2006) 1146-1166
29. Burt R.M., Brown S.J.A., Cole J.W., Shelley D., and Waight T.E. Glass-bearing plutonic fragments from ignimbrites of the Okataina caldera complex, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand: remnants of a partially molten intrusion associated with preceding eruptions. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 84 (1998) 209-237
30. Campbell M.E., Rowland J.V., Wright I.C., and Smith I.E.M. Oblique rifting along the central and southern Kermadec Arc front (30°-36°S), SW Pacific. Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. 8 (2007) Q01007 10.1029/2006GC001504
31. Carter L., Shane P., Alloway B., Hall I.R., Harris S.E., and Westgate J.A. Demise of one volcanic zone and birth of another - a 12 m.y. marine record of major rhyolitic eruptions from New Zealand. Geology 31 (2003) 493-496
32. Carter L., Alloway B.V., Shane P., and Westgate J.A. Deep-ocean record of major late Cenozoic rhyolitic eruptions from New Zealand. N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 47 (2004) 481-500
33. Charlier B.L.A., Wilson C.J.N., Lowenstern J.B., Blake S., van Calsteren P.W., and Davidson J.P. Magma generation at a large, hyperactive silicic volcano (Taupo, New Zealand) revealed by U-Th and U-Pb systematics in zircons. J. Petrol. 46 (2005) 3-32
34. Charlier B.L.A., Wilson C.J.N., and Davidson J.P. Rapid open-system assembly of a large silicic magma body: time-resolved evidence from cored plagioclase crystals in the Oruanui eruption deposits, New Zealand. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 156 (2008) 799-813
35. Christiansen R.L. The Quaternary and Pliocene Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field of Wyoming, Idaho, and Montana. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. 729-G (2001) 1-143
36. Christie A.B., Simpson M.P., Braithwaite R.L., Mauk J.L., and Simmons S.F. Epithermal Au-Ag and related deposits of the Hauraki Goldfield, Coromandel Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Econ. Geol. 102 (2007) 785-816
37. Colgan J.P., Dumitru T.A., and Miller E.L. Diachroneity of Basin and Range extension and Yellowstone hotspot volcanism in northwestern Nevada. Geology 32 (2004) 121-124
38. Cole J.W. Structural control and origin of volcanism in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Bull. Volcanol. 52 (1990) 445-459
39. Cole J.W., Thordarson T., and Burt R.M. Magma origin and evolution of White Island (Whakaari) volcano, Bay of Plenty, New Zealand. J. Petrol. 41 (2000) 867-895
40. Cowie P.A. A healing-reloading feedback control on the growth rate of seismogenic faults. J. Struct. Geol. 20 (1998) 1075-1087
41. Cowie P.A., Gupta S., and Dawers N.H. Implications of fault array evolution for syn-rift depocentre development: insights from a numerical fault growth model. Basin Res. 12 (2000) 241-261
42. Davey F.J. Crustal seismic reflection measurements across the northern extension of the Taupo Volcanic Zone, North Island, New Zealand. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 190 (2010) 75-81
43. Davey F.J., Henrys S.A., and Lodolo E. Asymmetric rifting in a continental back-arc environment, North Island, New Zealand. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 68 (1995) 209-238
44. Davy B., and Bibby H.M. Seismic reflection imaging of the Haroharo caldera boundary beneath Lake Tarawera, Okataina Volcanic Centre, New Zealand. N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 48 (2005) 153-166
45. Davy B.W., and Caldwell T.G. Gravity, magnetic and seismic surveys of the caldera complex, Lake Taupo, North Island, New Zealand. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 81 (1998) 69-89
46. Doglioni C., Carminati E., Cuffaro M., and Scrocca D. Subduction kinematics and dynamic constraints. Earth-Sci. Rev. 83 (2007) 125-175
47. 2O, F and Cl contents of silicic magmas using melt inclusions: examples from Taupo volcanic centre, New Zealand. Bull. Volcanol. 51 (1989) 177-184
48. Ebinger C.J., and Casey M. Continental break-up in magmatic provinces: an Ethiopian example. Geology 29 (2001) 527-530
49. Ebinger C.J., Jackson J.A., Foster A.N., and Hayward N.J. Extensional basin geometry and the elastic lithosphere. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A357 (1999) 741-765
50. Ellis S.E., Wilson C.J.N., Bannister S.C., Bibby H.M., Heise W., Wallace L., and Patterson N. A future magma inflation event under the rhyolitic Taupo volcano, New Zealand: numerical models based on constraints from geochemical, geological and geophysical data. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 168 (2007) 1-27
51. Evison F.F., Robinson R., and Arabasz W.J. Microearthquakes, geothermal activity, and structure, central North Island, New Zealand. N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 19 (1976) 625-637
52. Ewart A., and Cole J.W. Textural and mineralogical significance of granitic xenoliths from the central volcanic region, North Island, New Zealand. N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 10 (1967) 31-54
53. Gamble J.A., Wood C.P., Price R.C., Smith I.E.M., Stewart R.B., and Waight T.E. A fifty year perspective of magmatic evolution on Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand: verification of open system behavior in an arc volcano. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 170 (1999) 301-314
54. 39Ar geochronology of magmatic activity, magma flux and hazards at Ruapehu volcano, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 120 (2003) 271-287
55. Graham I.J. Petrography and origin of metasedimentary xenoliths in lavas from Tongariro Volcanic centre. N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 30 (1987) 139-157
56. Graham I.J., Grapes R.H., and Kifle K. Buchite metagreywacke xenoliths from Mount Ngauruhoe, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 35 (1988) 205-216
57. Gravley D.M., and Wilson C.J.N. An ignimbrite flare-up event at 340-240 ka in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand: implications for magmatic, volcanic, tectonic linkages. 5th Biennial Workshop on Subduction Processes emphasizing the Japan-Kuril-Kamchatka-Aleutian Arcs (JKASP-5) and Int. Volcanol. Field School for Grad. Students. Programme and Abstracts vol. A201 (2006)
58. Gravley D.M., Wilson C.J.N., Leonard G.S., and Cole J.W. Double trouble: paired ignimbrite eruptions and collateral subsidence in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 119 (2007) 18-30
59. Grindley, G.W., 1959. Sheet N85 Waiotapu; Geological Map of New Zealand 1:63,360: Dept. Sci. Indus. Res., Wellington, New Zealand.
60. Grindley, G.W., 1960. Sheet 8 Taupo; Geological Map of New Zealand 1:250,000: Dept. Sci. Indus. Res., Wellington, New Zealand.
61. Grindley G.W., and Hull A.G. Historical Taupo earthquakes and earth deformation. R. Soc. N.Z. Bull. 24 (1986) 173-186
62. Hackett W.R., Jackson S.M., and Smith R.P. Paleoseismology of volcanic environments. In: McCalpin J. (Ed). Paleoseismology (1996), San Diego Academic Press 147-181
63. Harrison A.J., and White R.S. Crustal structure of the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand: stretching and igneous intrusion. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31 (2004) L13615 10.1029/2004GL019885
64. Harrison A., and White R.S. Lithospheric structure of an active backarc basin: the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Geophys. J. Int. 167 (2006) 968-990
65. Hayes G., Reyners M., and Stuart G. The Waiouru, New Zealand, earthquake swarm: persistent mid-crustal activity near an active volcano. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31 (2004) L19613 10.1029/2004GL020709
66. Heise W., Bibby H.M., Caldwell T.G., Bannister S.C., Ogawa Y., Takakura S., and Uchida T. Melt distribution beneath a young continental rift: the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Geophys. Res. Lett. 34 (2007) L14313 10.1029/2007GL029629
67. Heki K., Foulger G.R., Julian B.R., and Jahn C.-H. Plate kinematics near divergent boundaries: geophysical implications of post-tectonic crustal deformation in NE Iceland detected using the Global Positioning System. J. Geophys. Res. 98 (1993) 14279-14297
68. Henrys S.A., and Hochstein M.P. Geophysical structure of the Broadlands-Ohaaki geothermal field (New Zealand). Geothermics 19 (1990) 129-150
69. Henrys S., Reyners M., and Bibby H. Exploring the plate boundary in New Zealand. EOS, Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 84 289 (2003) 294-295
70. Herzer R.H. Seismic stratigraphy of a buried volcanic arc, Northland, New Zealand and implications for Neogene subduction. Mar. Pet. Geol. 12 (1995) 511-531
71. Herzer R.H., and Mascle J. Anatomy of a continent-backarc transform - the Vening Meinesz fracture zone northwest of New Zealand. Mar. Geophys. Res. 18 (1996) 401-427
72. Hildreth W. Gradients in silicic magma chambers: implications for lithospheric magmatism. J. Geophys. Res. 86 (1981) 10153-10192
73. Hildreth W. Volcanological perspectives on Long Valley, Mammoth Mountain, and Mono Craters: several contiguous but discrete systems. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 136 (2004) 169-198
74. Hildreth W., and Moorbath S. Crustal contributions to arc magmatism in the Andes of central Chile. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 98 (1988) 455-489
75. Hildreth W., and Wilson C.J.N. Compositional zoning of the Bishop Tuff. J. Petrol. 48 (2007) 951-999
76. Hildreth W., Halliday A.N., and Christiansen R.L. Isotopic and chemical evidence concerning the genesis and contamination of basaltic and rhyolitic magma beneath the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field. J. Petrol. 32 (1991) 63-138
77. Hill D.P. A model for earthquake swarms. J. Geophys. Res 82 (1977) 1347-1357
78. Hill D.P. Unrest in Long Valley Caldera, California, 1978-2004. In: Troise C., De Natale G., and Kilburn C.R.J. (Eds). Mechanisms of Activity and Unrest in Large Calderas. Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Pub. vol. 269 (2006) 1-24
79. Hill D.P., Langbein J.O., and Prejean S. Relationships between seimicity and deformation during unrest in Long Valley Caldera, from 1995 through 1999. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 127 (2003) 175-193
80. Hobden B.J., Houghton B.F., and Nairn I.A. Growth of a young, frequently active composite cone: Ngauruhoe volcano, New Zealand. Bull. Volcanol. 64 (2002) 392-409
81. Hochstein M.P. Crustal heat transfer in the Taupo Volcanic Zone (New Zealand): comparison with other volcanic arcs and explanatory heat source models. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 68 (1995) 117-151
82. Hochstein M.P., Smith I.E.M., Regenauer-Lieb K., and Ehara S. Geochemistry and heat transfer processes in Quaternary rhyolitic systems of the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Tectonophysics 223 (1993) 213-235
83. Holmes A.A.J., Rodgers D.W., and Hughes S.S. Kinematic analysis of fractures in the Great Rift, Idaho: implications for subsurface dike geometry, crustal extension, and magma dynamics. J. Geophys. Res. 113 (2008) B04202 10.1029/2006JB004782
84. Houghton B.F., Wilson C.J.N., Lloyd E.F., Gamble J.A., and Kokelaar B.P. A catalogue of basaltic deposits within the central Taupo Volcanic Zone. N.Z. Geol. Surv. Rec. 18 (1987) 95-101
85. Houghton B.F., Wilson C.J.N., McWilliams M.O., Lanphere M.A., Weaver S.D., Briggs R.M., and Pringle M.S. Chronology and dynamics of a large silicic magmatic system: central Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Geology 23 (1995) 13-16
86. In: Hunt T.M., and Glover R.B. (Eds). Waimangu, Waiotapu, and Waikite geothermal systems, New Zealand. Geothermics vol. 23 (1994) 373-658
87. Hurst A.W., Bibby H.M., and Robinson R. Earthquake focal mechanisms in the central Taupo Volcanic Zone and their relation to faulting and deformation. N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 45 (2002) 527-536
88. Hurst T., Bannister S., Robinson R., and Scott B. Characteristics of three recent earthquake sequences, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Tectonophysics 452 (2008) 17-28
89. Keam R.F. Tarawera: the volcanic eruption of 10 June 1886 (1988), Published by the author, Auckland, New Zealand 1-472
90. Keranen K., Klempere S., Gloaguen R., and EAGLE Working Group. Imaging a proto-ridge axis in the Main Ethiopian Rift. Geology 39 (2004) 949-952
91. Kohn B.P., and Topping W.W. Time-space relationships between late Quaternary rhyolitic and andesitic volcanism in the southern Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 89 (1978) 1265-1271
92. Krippner S.J.P., Briggs R.M., Wilson C.J.N., and Cole J.W. Petrography and geochemistry of lithic fragments in ignimbrites from the Mangakino volcanic centre: implications for the composition of the subvolcanic crust in western Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 41 (1998) 187-199
93. Lamarche G., Barnes P.M., and Bull J.M. Faulting and extension rate over the last 20,000 years in the offshore Whakatane Graben, New Zealand continental shelf. Tectonics 25 (2006) TC4005 10.1029/2005TC001886
94. Langbein J.O. Deformation of the Long Valley Caldera, California: inferences from measurements from 1988 to 2001. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 127 (2003) 247-267
95. Latter J.H. Tsunamis of volcanic origin: summary of causss, with particular reference to Krakatoa. Bull. Volcanol. 44 (1981) 467-490
96. Leonard, G.S., 2003. The evolution of Maroa Volcanic Centre, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand, 322 pp.
97. Leonard G.S., Cole J.W., Nairn I.A., and Self S. Basalt triggering of the c. AD 1305 Kaharoa rhyolite eruption, Tarawera Volcanic Complex, New Zealand. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 115 (2002) 461-486
98. Lister J.R., and Kerr R.C. Fluid-mechanical models of crack propagation and their application to magma transport in dykes. J. Geophys. Res 96 (1991) 10049-10077
99. Liu Y., Anderson A.T., Wilson C.J.N., Davis A.M., and Steele I.M. Mixing and differentiation in the Oruanui rhyolitic magma, Taupo, New Zealand: evidence from volatiles and trace elements in melt inclusions. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 151 (2006) 71-87
100. Manville V.R. Sedimentology and history of Lake Reporoa: an ephemeral supra-ignimbrite lake, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. In: White J.D.L., and Riggs N.R. (Eds). Volcanogenic Sedimentation in Lacustrine Settings. Int. Assoc. Sedimentol. Spec. Pub. vol. 30 (2001) 109-140
101. Manville V., and Wilson C.J.N. Interactions between volcanism, rifting and subsidence: implications of intracaldera palaeoshorelines at Taupo volcano, New Zealand. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 160 (2003) 3-6
102. Manville V., and Wilson C.J.N. The 26.5 ka Oruanui eruption, New Zealand: a review of the roles of volcanism and climate in the sedimentary response. N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 47 (2004) 525-547
103. Martin J.T., and Lowell R.P. On thermoelasticity and silica precipitation in hydrothermal systems: numerical modelling of laboratory experiments. J. Geophys. Res. 102 (1997) 12095-12107
104. Milner D.M., Cole J.W., and Wood C.P. Mamaku Ignimbrite: a caldera-forming ignimbrite erupted from a compositionally zoned magma chamber in Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 122 (2003) 243-264
105. Mortimer N. Origin of the Torlesse Terrane and coeval rocks, North Island, New Zealand. Int. Geol. Rev. 36 (1994) 891-910
106. Mortimer N., Herzer R.H., Gans P.B., Laporte-Magoni C., Calvert A.T., and Bosch D. Oligocene-Miocene tectonic evolution of the South Fiji basin and Northland Plateau, SW Pacific Ocean: evidence from petrology and dating of dredged rocks. Mar. Geol. 237 (2007) 1-24
107. Mortimer N., Gans P.B., Palin J.M., Meffre S., Herzer R.H., and Skinner D.N.B. Location and migration of Miocene-Quaternary volcanic arcs in the SW Pacific region. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 190 (2010) 1-10
108. Mouslopoulou V., Nicol A., Little T.A., and Walsh J.J. Displacement transfer between intersecting regional strike-slip and extensional fault systems. J. Struct. Geol. 29 (2007) 100-116
109. Mouslopoulou V., Nicol A., Little T.A., and Walsh J.J. Terminations of large strike-slip faults: an alternative model from New Zealand. In: Cunningham W.D., and Mann P. (Eds). Tectonics of Strike-Slip Restraining and Releasing Bends. Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Pub. vol. 290 (2007) 387-415
110. Mouslopoulou V., Nicol A., Walsh J.J., Beetham D., and Stagpoole V. Quaternary temporal stability of a regional strike-slip and rift fault intersection. J. Struct. Geol. 30 (2008) 451-463
111. Nairn, I.A., 2002. Geology of the Okataina Volcanic Centre, scale 1:50,000, Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences geological map 25. 1 sheet + 156 p.: Lower Hutt, New Zealand, Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences Limited.
112. Nairn I.A., and Cole J.W. Basalt dikes in the 1886 Tarawera rift. N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 24 (1981) 585-592
113. Nairn I.A., Wood C.P., and Bailey R.A. The Reporoa caldera, Taupo Volcanic Zone: source of the Kaingaroa Ignimbrites. Bull. Volcanol. 56 (1994) 529-537
114. Nairn I.A., Kobayashi T., and Nakagawa M. The ~ 10 ka multiple vent pyroclastic eruption sequence at Tongariro Volcanic Centre, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand: Part 1. Eruptive processes during regional extension. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 86 (1998) 19-44
115. Nairn I.A., Shane P.R., Cole J.W., Leonard G.J., Self S., and Pearson N. Rhyolite magmatic processes of the ~ AD 1315 Kaharoa eruption episode, Tarawera volcano, New Zealand. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 131 (2004) 265-294
116. Nairn I.A., Hedenquist J.W., Villamor P., Berryman K.R., and Shane P.A. The ~ AD1315 Tarawera and Waiotapu eruptions, New Zealand: contemporaneous rhyolite and hydrothermal eruptions driven by an arrested basalt dike system?. Bull. Volcanol. 67 (2005) 186-193
117. Nakagawa M., Wada K., Thordarson T., Wood C.P., and Gamble J.A. Petrologic investigations of the 1995 and 1996 eruptions of Ruapehu volcano, New Zealand: formation of discrete and small magma pockets and their intermittent discharge. Bull. Volcanol. 61 (1999) 15-31
118. Nicol A., and Wallace L.M. Temporal stability of deformation rates: comparison of geological and geodetic observations, Hikurangi Subduction Margin, New Zealand. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 258 (2007) 397-413
119. Nicol A., Walsh J., Berryman K., and Villamor P. Interdependence of fault displacement rates and paleoearthquakes in an active rift. Geology 34 (2006) 865-868
120. Northey, D.J., 1983, Seismic studies of the structure beneath Lake Taupo. PhD Thesis, Victoria University of Wellington.
121. Ogawa Y., Bibby H.M., Caldwell T.G., Takakura S., Uchida T., Matsushima N., Bennie S.L., Tosha T., and Nishi Y. Wide-band magnetotelluric measurements across the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand - preliminary results. Geophys. Res. Lett. 26 (1999) 3673-3676
122. Otway P.M. Vertical deformation associated with the Taupo earthquake swarm, June 1983. R. Soc. N.Z. Bull. 24 (1986) 187-200
123. Otway P.M., Blick G.H., and Scott B.J. Vertical deformation at Lake Taupo, New Zealand, from lake levelling surveys, 1979-99. N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 45 (2002) 121-132
124. Pallister J.S., Hoblitt R.P., and Reyes A.G. A basalt trigger for the 1991 eruption of Pinatubo Volcano. Nature 356 (1992) 426-428
125. Parsons T., Thompson G.A., and Smith R.P. More than one way to stretch: a tectonic model for extension along the plume track of the Yellowstone hotspot and adjacent Basin and Range Province. Tectonics 17 (1998) 221-234
126. Peltier A., Hurst T., Scott B., and Cayol V. Structures involved in the vertical deformation at Lake Taupo (New Zealand) between 1979 and 2007: new insights from numerical modelling. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 181 (2009) 173-184
127. Price R.C., Gamble J.A., Smith I.E.M., Stewart R.B., Eggins S.M., and Wright I.C. An integrated model for the temporal evolution of andesites and rhyolites and crustal development in New Zealand's North Island. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 140 (2005) 1-24
128. Puskas C.M., Smith R.B., Meertens C.M., and Chang W.L. Crustal deformation of the Yellowstone-Snake River Plain volcano-tectonic system: campaign and continuous GPS observations, 1987-2004. J. Geophys. Res. 112 (2007) B03401 10.1029/2006JB004325
129. s. Geophys. J. Int. 165 (2006) 565-583
130. Reyners M., Eberhart-Phillips D., and Stuart G. The role of fluids in lower-crustal earthquakes near continental rifts. Nature 446 (2007) 1075-1078
131. Rowland J.V., and Sibson R.H. Extensional fault kinematics within the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand: soft-linked segmentation of a continental rift system. N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 44 (2001) 271-283
132. Rowland J.V., and Sibson R.H. Structural controls on hydrothermal flow in a segmented rift system, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Geofluids 4 (2004) 259-283
133. Rowland J.V., Baker E., Ebinger C.J., Keir D., Kidane T., Biggs J., Hayward N., and Wright T.J. Fault growth at a nascent slow-spreading ridge: 2005 Dabbahu rifting episode, Afar. Geophys. J. Int. 171 (2007) 1226-1246
134. Rowlands D.P., White R.S., and Haines A.J. Seismic tomography of the Tongariro Volcanic Centre, New Zealand:. Geophys. J. Int. 163 (2005) 1180-1194
135. Rubin A.M. Propagation of magma-filled cracks. Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 23 (1995) 287-336
136. Seebeck H., Nicol A., Stern T.A., Bibby H.M., and Stagpoole V. Fault controls on the geometry and location of the Okataina Caldera, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 190 (2010) 136-151
137. Shane P., Martin S.B., Smith V.C., Beggs K.F., Darragh M.B., Cole J.W., and Nairn I.A. Multiple rhyolite magmas and basalt injection in the 17.7 ka Rerewhakaaitu eruption episode from Tarawera volcanic complex, New Zealand. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 164 (2007) 1-26
138. Shane P., Smith V.C., and Nairn I.A. Millenial timescale resolution of rhyolite magma recharge at Tarawera volcano: insights from quartz chemistry and melt inclusions. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 156 (2008) 397-411
139. Shane P., Nairn I.A., Smith V.C., Darragh M., Beggs K.F., and Cole J.W. Silicic recharge of multiple rhyolite magmas by basaltic intrusion during the 22.6 ka Okareka eruption episode, New Zealand. Lithos 103 (2008) 527-549
140. Sherburn S. Characteristics of earthquake sequences in the Central Volcanic Region, New Zealand. N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 35 (1992) 57-68
141. Sherburn S., Bannister S., and Bibby H. Seismic velocity structure of the central Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand, from local earthquake tomography. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 122 (2003) 69-88
142. Sibson R.H. Structural permeability of fluid-driven fault-fracture meshes. J. Struct. Geol. 18 (1996) 1031-1042
143. Sigmundsson F. Iceland Geodynamics: Crustal Deformation and Divergent Plate Tectonics (2006), Springer-Praxis 228 p.
144. Sissons B.A., and Dibble R.R. A seismic refraction experiment southeast of Ruapehu volcano. N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 24 (1981) 31-38
145. Smith S.P. The Eruption of Tarawera: a Report to the Surveyor General (1886), Government Printer, Wellington, New Zealand
146. Smith E.G.C., and Webb T.H. The seismicity and related deformation of the Central Volcanic Region, North Island, New Zealand. R. Soc. N.Z. Bull. 23 (1986) 112-133
147. Smith E.G.C., Scott B.J., and Latter J.H. The Waiotapu earthquake of 1983, December 14. Bull. N.Z. Nat. Soc. Earthq. Eng. 17 (1984) 272-279
148. Smith V.C., Shane P., and Nairn I.A. Reactivation of a rhyolitic magma body by new rhyolitic intrusion before the 15.8 ka Rotorua eruptive episode: implications for magma storage in the Okataina Volcanic Centre, New Zealand. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 161 (2004) 757-772
149. Smith V.C., Shane P., and Nairn I.A. Trends in rhyolite geochemistry, mineralogy, and magma storage during the last 50 ky at Okataina and Taupo volcanic centres, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 148 (2005) 372-406
150. Smith E.G.C., Williams T.D., and Darby D.J. Principal component analysis and modeling of the subsidence of the shoreline of Lake Taupo, New Zealand, 1983-1999: evidence for the dewatering of a magmatic intrusion?. J. Geophys. Res. 112 (2007) B08406 10.1029/2006JB004652
151. Sparks R.S.J., Sigurdsson H., and Wilson L. Magma mixing: a mechanism for triggering explosive eruptions. Nature 267 (1977) 315-318
152. Stagpoole V.M. Interpretation of refraction seismic and gravity data across the eastern margin of the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Geothermics 23 (1994) 501-510
153. Stagpoole, V.M., Bibby, H.M., 1998. Electrical resistivity map of the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand, Version 1.0, Geophysical Map 11 (Nominal Array Spacing 500 m, 1:250 000). Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences Ltd., Lower Hutt, New Zealand.
154. Stern T.A. A back-arc basin formed within continental lithosphere: the Central Volcanic Region of New Zealand. Tectonophysics 112 (1985) 385-409
155. Stratford W.R., and Stern T.A. Strong seismic reflections and melts in the mantle of a continental back-arc basin. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31 (2004) L06622 10.1029/2003GL019232
156. Stratford W.R., and Stern T.A. Crust and upper mantle structure of a continental backarc: central North Island, New Zealand. Geophys. J. Int. 166 (2006) 469-484
157. Stratford W.R., and Stern T.A. Geophysical imaging of buried volcanic structures within a continental back-arc basin: the Central Volcanic Region, North island, New Zealand. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 174 (2008) 257-268
158. Sutton A.N., Blake S., Wilson C.J.N., and Charlier B.L.A. Late Quaternary evolution of a hyperactive rhyolite magmatic system: Taupo volcanic centre, New Zealand. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 157 (2000) 537-552
159. Taylor S.K., Bull J.M., Lamarche G., and Barnes P.M. Normal fault growth and linkage in the Whakatane Graben, New Zealand, during the last 1.3 Myr. J. Geophys. Res. 109 (2004) B02408 10.1029/2003JB002412
160. Thomas A.P.W. Report on the eruption of Tarawera and Rotomahana (1888), Government Printer, Wellington, New Zealand
161. Thrasher G.P. Basement structure and sediment thickness beneath the continental shelf of the Hauraki Gulf and offshore Coromandel region, New Zealand. N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 29 (1986) 41-50
162. Villamor P., and Berryman K.R. A late Quaternary extension rate in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand, derived from fault slip data. N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 44 (2001) 243-269
163. Villamor P., and Berryman K.R. Evolution of the southern termination of the Taupo Rift, New Zealand. N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 49 (2006) 23-37
164. Villamor P., and Berryman K.R. Late Quaternary geometry and kinematics of faults at the southern termination of the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 49 (2006) 1-21
165. Villamor P., Van Dissen R., Alloway B.V., Palmer A.S., and Litchfield N. The Rangipo fault, Taupo rift, New Zealand: an example of temporal sliprate and single-event displacement variability in a volcanic environment. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 119 (2007) 529-547
166. Wallace L.M., Beavan J., McCaffrey R., and Darby D.J. Subduction zone coupling and tectonic block rotations in the North Island, New Zealand. J. Geophys. Res. 109 (2004) B12406 10.1029/2004JB003241
167. Watanabe T., Koyaguchi T., and Seno T. Tectonic stress controls on ascent and emplacement of magmas. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 91 (1999) 65-78
168. Webb T.H., Ferris B.C., and Harris J.S. The Lake Taupo, New Zealand, earthquake swarms of 1983. N.Z.J. Geol. Geophys. 29 (1986) 377-389
169. Wilson C.J.N. Stratigraphy, chronology, styles and dynamics of late Quaternary eruptions from Taupo volcano, New Zealand. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A343 (1993) 205-306
170. Wilson C.J.N. The 26.5 ka Oruanui eruption, New Zealand: an introduction and overview. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 112 (2001) 133-174
171. Wilson C.J.N., and Charlier B.L.A. Contemporaneous magmatic systems at Taupo volcano, New Zealand: insights from zircon model-age spectra. J. Petrol. (2009) (sub judice)
172. Wilson C.J.N., Rogan A.M., Smith I.E.M., Northey D.J., Nairn I.A., and Houghton B.F. Caldera volcanoes of the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. J. Geophys. Res 89 (1984) 8463-8484
173. Wilson C.J.N., Houghton B.F., McWilliams M.O., Lanphere M.A., Weaver S.D., and Briggs R.M. Volcanic and structural evolution of Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand: a review. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res. 68 (1995) 1-28
174. Wilson C.J.N., Blake S., Charlier B.L.A., and Sutton A.N. The 26.5 ka Oruanui eruption, Taupo volcano, New Zealand: development, characteristics and evacuation of a large rhyolitic magma body. J. Petrol. 47 (2006) 35-69
175. Wilson, C.J.N., Gravley, D.M., Leonard, G.S., Rowland, J.V., 2009. Volcanism in the central Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand: tempo styles and controls. In: Thordarson, T. et al. (Eds), Studies in Volcanology: The Legacy of George Walker, IAVCEI Proceedings in Volcanology 2.
176. Wood C.P. Petrological logs of drillholes BR26 to BR40: Broadlands geothermal field. N.Z. Geol. Surv. Report vol. 108 (1983) 1-49
177. Wood C.P., Braithwaite R.L., and Rosenberg M.D. Basement structure, lithology and permeability at Kawerau and Ohaaki geothermal fields, New Zealand. Geothermics 30 (2001) 461-481
178. Woodward D.J. Geological structure of the Rangitaiki Plains near Edgecumbe, New Zealand, from seismic data. N.Z. J. Geol. Geophys. 32 (1989) 15-16
179. Wright I.C. Late Quaternary faulting of the offshore Whakatane Graben, Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. N.Z.J. Geol. Geophys. 33 (1990) 245-256
180. Wright I.C. Shallow structure and active tectonism of an offshore continental back-arc spreading system: the Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand. Mar. Geol. 103 (1992) 287-309
181. Wright I.C., Parson L.M., and Gamble J.A. Evolution and interaction of migrating cross-arc volcanism and back-arc rifting: an example from the southern Havre Trough (35°20'-37°S). J. Geophys. Res. 101 (1996) 22,071-22,086
182. Wright T., Ebinger C.J., Biggs J., Ayele A., Yirgu G., Keir D., and Stork A. Magma maintained rift segmentation at continental rupture in the 2005 Afar dyking episode. Nature 422 (2006) 291-294