The Quaternary and Pliocene Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field of Wyoming, Idaho, and Montana

US Geological Survey Professional Paper

Volumn , Issue 729 G, 2001, Pages

  Christiansen, Robert L ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GEOLOGICAL MAPPING; PETROLOGY; PLIOCENE; QUATERNARY; STRATIGRAPHY; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; VOLCANISM;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 0035657337     PISSN: 10449612     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (471)

1. Acton, G. D., and Gordon, R. G., 1994, Paleomagnetic tests of Pacific plate reconstructions and implications for motion between hotspots: Science, v. 263, p. 1246-1254.
2. Allen, E. T., and Day, A. L., 1935, Hot Springs of the Yellowstone National park: Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 466, 525 p.
3. Allmendinger, R. W., 1982, Sequence of late Cenozoic deformation in the Blackfoot Mountains, southeastern Idaho, in Bonnichsen, B., and Breckenridge, R. M., eds., Cenozoic geology of Idaho: Idaho Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin 26, p. 505-516.
4. Anders, M. H., Geissman, J. W., Piety, L. A., and Sullivan, J. T., 1989, Parabolic distribution of circumeastern Snake River Plain seismicity and latest Quaternary faulting: Migratory pattern and association with the Yellowstone hotspot: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 94, no. B2, p. 1589-1621.
5. Anderson, C. A., 1941, Volcanoes of the Medicine Lake Highland, California: University of California Department of Geological Sciences Bulletin, v. 25, p. 347-442.
6. Anderson, D. L., Tanimoto, T., and Zhang, Y.-Sh., 1992, Plate tectonics and hotspots: The third dimension: Science, v. 256, p. 1645-1651.
7. Aramaki, S., and Ui, T., 1966, The Aira and Ata pyroclastic flows and related caldera and depressions in southern Kyushu, Japan: Bulletin Volcanologique, v. 26, p. 89-99.
8. Armstrong, R. L., Ekren, E. B., McKee, E. H., and Noble, D. C., 1969, Space-time relation of Cenozoic silicic volcanism in the Great Basin of the Western United States: American Journal of Science, v. 267, p. 478-490.
9. Armstrong, R. L., Leeman, W. P., and Malde, H. E., 1975, K-Ar dating, Quaternary and Neogene volcanic rocks of the Snake River Plain, Idaho: American Journal of Science, v. 275, p. 225-251.
10. Atwater, T., 1970, Implications of plate tectonics for the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of western North America: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 81, p. 3513-3535.
11. _ 1989, Plate tectonic history of the northeast Pacific and western North America, in Winterer, E. L., Hussong, D. M., and Decker, R. W., eds., The eastern Pacific Ocean and Hawaii: Boulder, Colo., Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, v. N, p. 21-72.
12. Atwater, T., and Molnar, P., 1973, Relative motion of the Pacific and North American plates deduced from sea-floor spreading in the Atlantic, Indian, and South Pacific Oceans, in Proceedings of the Conference on Tectonic Problems of the San Andreas Fault System: Stanford University Publication Geological Sciences, v. 13, p. 136-148.
13. Axelrod, D. I., 1968, Tertiary floras and topographic history of the Snake River Basin, Idaho: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 79, 713-733.
14. Bacon, C. R., 1983, Eruptive history of Mount Mazama and Crater Lake caldera, Cascade Range, U.S.A.: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 18, p. 57-115.
15. Bailey, D. K., 1964, Crustal warping - a possible tectonic control of alkaline magmatism: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 69, p. 1103-1112.
16. _ 1970, Volatile flux, heat-focusing, and the generation of magma, in Newell, G., and Rast, N., eds., Mechanism of igneous intrusion: Geological Journal special volume, p. 177-186.
17. Bailey, E. B., Clough, C. T., Wright, W. B., Richey, J. E., and Wilson, G. V., 1924, The Tertiary and post-Tertiary geology of Mull, Loch Alpine and Oban: Geological Survey of the United Kingdom Memoir, 445 p.
18. Bailey, R. A., 1976, On the mechanisms of post-subsidence central doming and volcanism in resurgent cauldrons: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 8, p. 567.
19. 39Ar dating of the Brunhes-Matuyama geomagnetic field reversal: Science, v. 256, p. 356-357.
20. Baldwin, E. M., 1951, Faulting in the Lost River Range area of Idaho: American Journal of Science, v. 249, p. 894-902.
21. Bargar, K. E., and Fournier, R. O., 1988, Effects of glacial ice on subsurface temperatures of hydrothermal systems in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming: Fluid-inclusion evidence: Geology, v. 16, p. 1077-1080.
22. Barrientos, S. E., Stein, R. S., and Ward, S. N., 1987, Comparison of the 1959 Hebgen Lake, Montana, and the 1983 Borah Peak, Idaho, earthquakes from geodetic observations: Seismological Society of America Bulletin, v. 77, p. 784-808; Errata, 1989, v. 79, p. 2018.
23. Basu, A., and Vitaliano, C. J., 1976, Sanidine from the Mesa Falls Tuff, Ashton, Idaho: American Mineralogist, v. 61, p. 405-408.
24. Bateman, P. C., Clark, L. D., Huber, N. K., Moore, J. G., and Rinehart, C. D., 1963, The Sierra Nevada batholith - a synthesis of recent work across the central part: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 414-D, 46 p.
25. Bath, M., 1960, Crustal structure of Iceland: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 65, p. 1793-1807.
26. Berggren, W. A., 1972, A Cenozoic time-scale - some implications for regional geology and paleobiogeography: Lethaia, v. 5, p. 195-215.
27. Bhattacharyya, B. K., and Leu, L.-K., 1975, Analysis of magnetic anomalies over Yellowstone National Park: Mapping of Curie point isothermal surface for geothermal reconnaissance: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 80, p. 4461-4465.
28. Billings, M. P., 1928, The petrology of the North Conway quadrangle in the White Mountains of New Hampshire: American Academy of Arts and Sciences Proceedings, v. 63, p. 68-137.
29. _ 1945, Mechanics of igneous intrusion in New Hampshire: American Journal of Science, v. 253-A (Daly Vol.). p. 40-68.
30. _ 1956, The geology of New Hampshire; Part II, Bedrock geology: Concord, N. H., New Hampshire State Planning and Development Commission, 203 p.
31. Blackwell, D. D., 1969, Heat-flow determinations in the northwestern United States: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 74, p. 992-1007.
32. Blake, S., 1984, Volatile oversaturation during the evolution of silicic magma chambers as an eruption trigger: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 89, no. B10, p. 8237-8244,
33. Blank, H. R., Jr., and Gettings, M. E., 1974, Complete Bouguer gravity map, Yellowstone-Island Park region, Idaho-Montana-Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report, 74-22, scale 1:125,000.
34. Bonnichsen, B., and Citron, G. P., 1982, The Cougar Point Tuff, southwestern Idaho and vicinity, in Bonnichsen, B., and Breckenridge, R. M., eds., Cenozoic geology of Idaho: Idaho Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin 26, p. 255-281.
35. Bowen, N. L., 1928, The evolution of the igneous rocks: Princeton, N. J., Princeton University Press, 332 p.
36. _ 1935, "Ferrosilite" as a natural mineral: American Journal of Science, v. 230, p. 481-494.
37. Boyd, F. R., 1961, Welded tuffs and flows in the rhyolite plateau of Yellowstone Park, Wyoming: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 72, p. 387-426.
38. Bradley, F. H., 1873, Report, in Hayden, F. V., Sixth annual report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories: U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories Sixth Annual Report [for 1872], p. 191-271.
39. Branch, C. D., 1966, Volcanic cauldrons, ring complexes, and associated granites of the Georgetown inlier, Queensland: [Australia] Bureau of Mineral Resources, Geology, and Geophysics Bulletin 76, 159 p.
40. Brott, C. A., Blackwell, D. D., and Mitchell, J. C., 1978, Tectonic implications of the heat flow of the western Snake River Plain, Idaho: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 89, p. 1697-1707.
41. Brott, C. A., Blackwell, D. D., and Ziagos, J. P., 1981, Thermal and tectonic implications of heat flow in the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 86, p. 11,709-11,734.
42. Brouwer, H. A., 1936, On the structure of the rhyolites in Yellowstone Park: Journal of Geology, v. 44, p. 940-949.
43. Brown, C. W., 1961, Cenozoic stratigraphy and structural geology northeast Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming and Montana: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 72, p. 1173-1193.
44. Buddington, A. F., 1959, Granite emplacement with special reference to North America: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 70, p. 671-748.
45. Bunsen, R., 1851, Ueber die Processe der vulkanischen Gesteinsbildungen Islands: Annalen der Physik und Chemie (Poggendorff), v. 23, p. 195-273.
46. Bush, J. H., 1968, Basalts of the Yellowstone Valley, southwestern Montana: in Abstracts for 1967: Geological Society of America Special Paper 115, p. 409-410.
47. Bussell, M. A., Pitcher, W. S., and Wilson, P. A., 1976, Ring complexes of the Peruvian coastal batholith: a long-standing subvolcanic regime: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 13, p. 1020-1030.
48. Byers, F. M. Jr., Carr, W. J., Christiansen, R. L., Lipman P. W., Orkild, P. P., and Quinlivan, W. D., 1976, Geologic map of the Timber Mountain caldera, Nye County, Nevada: U. S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geological Investigations Map I-891, scale 1:48,000.
49. Byrd, J. O., Smith, R. B., and Geissman, J. W., 1994, The Teton fault, Wyoming: Topographic signature, neotectonics, and mechanisms of deformation: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 99, no. B10, p. 20,095-20,132.
50. Carmichael, I. S. E., 1964, The Petrology of Thingmuli, a Tertiary volcano in eastern Iceland: Journal of Petrology, v. 5, p. 435-460.
51. Carmichael, I. S. E., Turner, F. J., and Verhoogen, J., 1974, Igneous petrology: New York, McGraw-Hill, 739 p.
52. Carr, W. J., 1964, Structure of part of the Timber Mountain dome and caldera, Nye County, Nev., in Geological Survey research 1964: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 501-B, p. B16-B19.
53. Carr, W. J., and Quinlivan, W. D., 1968, Structure of Timber Mountain resurgent dome, Nevada Test Site, in Eckel, E. B., ed., Nevada Test Site: Geological Society of America Memoir 110, p. 99-108.
54. Carr, W. J., and Trimble, D. E., 1963, Geology of the American Falls quadrangle, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1121-G, 44 p.
55. Chadwick, R. A., 1969, The northern Gallatin Range, Montana; northwestern part of the Absaroka-Gallatin volcanic field: University of Wyoming, Contributions to Geology, v. 8, p. 150-166.
56. _ 1978, Geochronology of post-Eocene rhyolitic and basaltic volcanism in south-western Montana: Isochron/West, no. 22, p. 25-28.
57. Christiansen, R. L., 1974a, Quaternary volcanism of the Yellowstone rhyolite plateau region, Wyoming-Idaho-Montana [abs.]: American Geophysical Union Transactions (Eos), v. 56, p. 1189.
58. _ 1974b, Geologic map of the West Thumb Quadrangle, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1191, scale 1:62,500.
59. _ 1979, Cooling units and composite sheets in relation to caldera structure, in Chapin, C. E., and Elston, W. E., eds., Ash-flow tuffs: Geological Society of America Special Paper 180, p. 29-42.
60. _ 1982, Late Cenozoic volcanism of the Island Park area, eastern Idaho, in Bonnichsen, B., and Breckenridge, R. M., eds., Cenozoic geology of Idaho: Idaho Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin 26, p. 345-368.
61. _ 1984, Yellowstone magmatic evolution: Its bearing on understanding large-volume explosive volcanism, in Explosive volcanism: Washington, National Academy of Sciences, p. 84-95.
62. Christiansen, R. L., and Blank, H. R., Jr., 1969, Volcanic evolution of the Yellowstone rhyolite plateau and eastern Snake River Plain, U.S.A., [abs.]: in Symposium on volcanoes and their roots: Oxford, England, International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth's Interior, Volume of Abstracts, p. 220-221.
63. _ 1972, Volcanic stratigraphy of the Quaternary rhyolite plateau in Yellowstone National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 729-B, 18 p.
64. _ 1974a, Geologic map of the Old Faithful quadrangle, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1189, scale 1:62,500.
65. _ 1974b, Geologic map of the Madison Junction quadrangle, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1190, scale 1:62,500.
66. _ 1975a, Geologic map of the Norris Junction Quadrangle, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1193, scale 1:62,500.
67. _ 1975b, Geologic map of the Canyon Village quadrangle, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1192, scale 1:62,500.
68. Christiansen, R. L., and Lipman, P. W., 1966, Emplacement and thermal history of a rhyolite lava flow near Fortymile Canyon, southern Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 77, p. 671-684.
69. _ 1972, Cenozoic volcanism and plate-tectonic evolution of the Western United States: Part 2, Late Cenozoic: Royal Society of London Philosophical Transactions, ser. A, v. 271, p. 249-284.
70. Christiansen, R. L., Lipman, P. W., Byers, F. M., Jr., Orkild, P. P., Carr, W. J., and Sargent, K. A., 1977, The Timber Mountain-Oasis Valley caldera complex of southern Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 88, p. 943-959.
71. Christiansen, R. L., and Love, J. D., 1978, The Pliocene Conant Creek Tuff in the northern part of the Teton Range and Jackson Hole, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1435-C, 9 p.
72. Christiansen, R. L., and McKee, E. H., 1978, Late Cenozoic volcanic and tectonic evolution of the Great Basin and Columbia Intermontane region, in Smith, R. B., and Eaton, G. P., eds., Cenozoic tectonics and regional geophysics of the western Cordillera: Geological Society of America Memoir 152, p. 283-312.
73. Christiansen, R. L., and Yeats, R. S., 1992, Post-Laramide geology of the U.S. Cordilleran region, in Burchfiel, B. C., Lipman, P. W., and Zoback, M. L., eds., The Cordilleran orogen: Conterminous U.S.: Boulder, Colo., Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, v. G-3, p. 261-406.
74. Cloos, H., 1939, Hebung-Spaltung-Vulkanismus: Geologische Rundschau, v. 30, p. 405-528.
75. Cohee, G. V., and others, 1962, Tectonic map of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey and American Association of Petroleum Geologists, scale 1:2,500,000.
76. Cole, J. W., 1981, Genesis of lavas of the Taupo volcanic zone, North Island, New Zealand: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 10, p. 317-337.
77. _ 1990, Structural control and origin of volcanism in the Taupo volcanic zone, New Zealand: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 52, p. 445-459.
78. Compton, R. R., 1983, Displaced Miocene rocks on the west flank of the Raft River-Grouse Creek core complex, Utah, in Miller, D. M., Todd, V. R., and Howard, K. A., eds., Tectonic and stratigraphic studies in the eastern Great Basin: Geological Society of America Memoir 157, p. 271-279.
79. Cox, K. G., and Hornung, G., 1966, The petrology of the Karroo Basalts of Basutoland: American Mineralogist, v. 51, p. 1414-1432.
80. Cox, K. G., Johnson, R. L., Monkman, L. J., Stillman, C. J., Vail, J. R., and Wood, D. N., 1965, The geology of the Nuanetsi igneous province: Royal Society of London Philosophical Transactions, Series A, v. 257A, p. 71-218.
81. Craig, H., Lupton, J. E., Welhan, J. A., and Poreda, R., 1978, Helium isotope ratios in Yellowstone and Lassen Park volcanic gases: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 5, p. 897-900.
82. Craig, J., Welhan, J. A., Poreda, R., and Lupton, J. E., 1979, Helium isotope variations in the Yellowstone-Snake River Plain region and the western U.S. [abs.]: American Geophysical Union Transactions (Eos), v. 60, p. 945.
83. Creasy, J. W., 1974, Mineralogy and petrology of the White Mountain batholith, Franconia and Crawford Notch quadrangles, New Hampshire [Ph.D. thesis]: Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University, 430 p.
84. Crone, A. J., and Machette, M. N., 1984, Surface faulting accompanying the Borah Peak earthquake, central Idaho: Geology, v. 12, p. 664-667.
85. Daly, R. A., 1911, The nature of volcanic action: American Academy of Arts and Sciences Proceedings, v. 47, p. 48-122.
86. _ 1933, Igneous rocks and the depths of the earth: New York and London, McGraw-Hill, 598 p. [Reprinted 1968 by Hafner Publishing Co., New York and London]
87. Daniel, R. G., and Boore, D. M., 1982, Anomalous shear wave delays and surface velocities at Yellowstone caldera, Wyoming: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 87, p. 2731-2744.
88. Davis, G. A., 1980, Problems of intraplate extensional tectonics, Western United States, in Continental tectonics: Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, p. 84-95.
89. Dewey, J. W., 1987, Instrumental seismicity of central Idaho: Seismological Society of America Bulletin, v. 77, p. 819-836.
90. Dewey, J. W., Hill, D. P., Ellsworth, W. L., and Engdahl, E. R., 1989, Earthquakes, faults, and the seismotectonic framework of the contiguous United States, in Pakiser, L. C., and Mooney, W. D., Geophysical framework of the continental United States: Geological Society of America Memoir 172, p. 541-575.
91. Dobson, P. F., Sienkiewicz, L., and Armin, R. A., 1991, Origin of thick ash-rich sediments in the northern Gulf of Mexico: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 23, no. 5, p. A258.
92. Doe, B. R., Leeman, W. P., Christiansen, R. L., and Hedge, C. E., 1982, Lead and strontium isotopes and related trace elements as genetic tracers in the upper Cenozoic rhyolite-basalt association of the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 87, p. 4785-4806.
93. Doherty, D. J., 1976, Ground surge deposits in eastern Idaho [M.S. thesis]: Detroit, Mich., Wayne State University, 119 p.
94. Doherty, D. J., McBroome, L. A., and Kuntz, M. A., 1979, Preliminary geological interpretation and lithologic log of the exploratory geothermal test well (INEL-1), Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 79-1248, 7 p.
95. Doser, D. I., 1985, Source parameters and faulting processes of the 1959 Hebgen Lake, Montana, earthquake sequence: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 90, p. 4537-4555.
96. Doser, D. I., and Smith, R. B., 1989, An assessment of source parameters of earthquakes in the Cordillera of the western United States: Seismological Society of America Bulletin, v. 79, p. 1383-1409.
97. Draper, D. S., 1991, Late Cenozoic bimodal magmatism in the northern Basin and Range Province of southeastern Oregon: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 47, p. 299-328.
98. Duffield, W. A., 1968, The petrology and structure of the El Pinal tonalite, Baja California, Mexico: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 79, p. 1351-1374.
99. Duncan, R. A., 1982, A captured island chain in the Coast Range of Oregon and Washington: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 87, p. 10827-10837.
100. Dzurisin, D., Savage, J. C., and Fournier, R. O., 1990, Recent crustal subsidence of Yellowstone caldera, Wyoming: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 52, p. 247-270.
101. Dzurisin, D., and Yamashita, K. M., 1987, Vertical surface displacements of Yellowstone caldera, Wyoming, 1976-1986: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 92, p. 13753-13766.
102. Dzurisin, D., Yamashita, K. M., and Kleinman, J. W., 1994, Mechanisms of crustal uplift and subsidence at the Yellowstone caldera, Wyoming: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 56, p. 261-270.
103. Eaton, G. P., 1980, Geophysical and geological characteristics of the crust of the Basin and Range province, in Continental tectonics: Washington, D.C., National Academy of Sciences, p. 96-113.
104. Eaton, G. P., Christiansen, R. L., Iyer, H. M., Pitt, A. M., Mabey, D. R., Blank, J. R., Jr., Zietz, I., and Gettings, M. E., 1975, Magma beneath Yellowstone National Park: Science, v. 188, p. 787-796.
105. Eaton, G. P., Wahl, R. R., Prostka, H. J., Mabey, D. R., and Kleinkopf, M. D., 1978, Regional gravity and tectonic patterns: Their relation to late Cenozoic epeirogeny and lateral spreading in the western Cordillera, in Smith, R. B., and Eaton, G. P., eds., Cenozoic tectonics and regional geophysics of the western Cordillera: Geological Society of America Memoir 152, p. 51-92.
106. Eggler, D. H., 1968, Virginia Dale Precambrian ring-dike complex, Colorado, Wyoming: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 79, p. 1545-1564.
107. Elston, W. E., and Bornhorst, T. J., 1979, The Rio Grande rift in context of regional post-40 m.y. volcanic and tectonic events, in Riecker, R. E., ed., Rio Grande rift: Tectonics and magmatism: Washington, D.C., American Geophysical Union, p. 416-438.
108. Embree, G. E., McBroome, L. A., and Doherty, D. J., 1982, Preliminary stratigraphic framework of the Pliocene and Miocene rhyolites, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho, in Bonnichsen, B., and Breckenridge, R. M., eds., Cenozoic geology of Idaho: Idaho Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin 26, p. 333-343.
109. Engdahl, E. R., and Rinehart, W. A., 1988, Seismicity map of North America: Geological Society of America Decade of North American Geology Continent-Scale Map-004, scale 1:5,000,000,4 sheets.
110. Engel, A. E. J., Engel, C. G., and Havens, R. G., 1965, Chemical characteristics of oceanic basalts and the upper mantle: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 76, p. 719-734.
111. Ewart, A., 1963, Petrology and petrogenesis of the Quaternary pumice ash in the Taupo area, New Zealand: Journal of Petrology v. 4, p. 392-431.
112. Ewart, A., Taylor, S. R., and Capp, A. C., 1968, Trace and minor element geochemistry of the rhyolite volcanic rocks, central North Island, New Zealand: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 18, p. 76-104.
113. Fenneman, N. M., 1931, Physiography of the Western United States: New York, McGraw-Hill, 534 p.
114. Fenner, C. N., 1936, Bore-hole investigations in Yellowstone Park: Journal of Geology, v. 44, p. 225-315.
115. _ 1937, Tuffs and other volcanic deposits of Katmai and Yellowstone Park: American Geophysical Union Transactions, v. 18, Part 1, p. 236-239.
116. _ 1938, Contact relations between rhyolite and basalt on the Gardiner River, Yellowstone Park: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 49, p. 1441-1484.
117. _ 1944, Rhyolite-basalt complex on Gardiner River, Yellowstone Park, Wyoming: A discussion: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 55, p. 1081-1096.
118. Fierstein, J., Bruggman, P. E., Schwarz, L. J., Bartel, A. J., Stewart, K. C., Taggart, J. E., Drake, R. E., and Hildreth, W., 1989, Chemical analyses of rocks and sediments from central Chile: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-78, 14 p.
119. Fisher, F. V., and Ketner, K. B., 1968, Late Tertiary syncline in the southern Absaroka Mountains, Wyoming, in Geological Survey research, 1968: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 600-B, p. B144-B147.
120. Foland, K. A., and Faul, H., 1977, Ages of the White Mountain intrusives - New Hampshire, Vermont, and Maine, U.S.A.: American Journal of Science, v. 277, p. 888-904.
121. Foose, R. M., Wise, D. U., and Garbarini, G. S., 1961, Structural geology of the Beartooth Mountains, Montana and Wyoming: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 72, p. 1143-1172.
122. Foshag, W. F., 1926, The minerals of Obsidian Cliff, Yellowstone National Park, and their origin: U.S. National Museum Proceedings, v. 68, art. 17, 18 p.
123. Fournier, R. O., 1989, Geochemistry and dynamics of the Yellowstone National Park hydrothermal system: Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Science, v. 17, p. 13-53.
124. Fournier, R. O., and Pitt, A. M., 1985, The Yellowstone magmatic-hydrothermal system, U.S.A., in Stone, C., ed., Geothermal Resources Council International Symposium on Geothermal Energy, International Volume, p. 319-327.
125. Fournier, R. O., and Rowe, J. J., 1966, Estimation of underground temperatures from the silica content of water from hot springs and wet-steam wells: American Journal of Science, v. 264, p. 685-697.
126. Fournier, R. O., and Truesdell, A. H., 1974, Geochemical indicators of subsurface temperature - Part 2, estimation of temperature and fraction of hot water mixed with cold water: U.S. Geological Survey Journal of Research, v. 2, p. 263-270.
127. Fournier, R. O., White, D. E., and Truesdell, A. H., 1976, Convective heat flow in Yellowstone National Park: Second United Nations Symposium on Development and Use of Geothermal Resources, Proceedings, p. 731-739.
128. Fraser, G. D., 1964, Intensity, magnitude, and ground breakage, in The Hebgen Lake, Montana, earthquake of August 17, 1959: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 435-F, p. 31-35.
129. Fraser, G. D., Witkind, I. J., and Nelson, W. H., 1964, A geological interpretation of the epicentral area - the dual basin concept, in The Hebgen Lake, Montana, earthquake of August 17, 1959: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 435-J, p. 99-106.
130. Fraser, G. D., Waldrop, H. A., and Hyden, H. J., 1969, Geology of the Gardiner area, Park County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1277, 118 p.
131. Friedman, I., Pierce, K. L., Obradovich, J. E., and Long, W. D., 1973, Obsidian hydration dates glacial loading?: Science, v. 180, p. 733-734.
132. 39Ar geochronology of rhyolites erupted following collapse of the Yellowstone caldera, Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field: Implications for crustal contamination: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 42, p. 91-107
133. Geist, D., and Richards, M., 1993, Origin of the Columbia Plateau and Snake River Plain: Deflection of the Yellowstone plume: Geology, v. 21, p. 789-792.
134. Gibson, I. L., and Walker, G. P. L., 1963, Some composite rhyolite-basalt lavas and related composite dykes in eastern Iceland: Geologist's Association Proceedings, v. 74, p. 301-318.
135. Gilluly, J., 1963, The tectonic evolution of the Western United States: Geological Society of London Quarterly Journal, v. 119, p. 133-174.
136. Gripp, A. E., and Gordon, R. G., 1990, Current plate velocities relative to the hotspots incorporating NUVEL-1 global plate motion model: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 17, p. 1109-1112.
137. Hackett, W. R., and Morgan, L. A., 1988, Explosive basaltic and rhyolitic volcanism of the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho, in Link, P. K., and Hackett, W. R., eds., Guidebook to the geology of central and southern Idaho: Idaho Geological Survey Bulletin 27, p. 283-301.
138. Hadley, D. M., Stewart, G. S., and Ebel, J. E., 1976, Yellowstone: Seismic evidence for a chemical mantle plume: Science, v. 193, p. 1237-1239.
139. Hadley, J. B., 1969a, Geologic map of the Varney quadrangle, Madison County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-814, scale 1:62,500.
140. _ 1969b, Geologic map of the Cameron quadrangle, Madison County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-813, scale 1:62,500.
141. _ 1980, Geology of the Varney and Cameron quadrangles, Madison County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1459, 108 p.
142. Hague, A., 1888, Geological history of the Yellowstone National Park: American Institute of Mining Engineers Transactions, v. 16, p. 783-803.
143. _ 1896, Age of the igneous rocks of the Yellowstone Park: American Journal of Science, v. 151, p. 445-457.
144. _ 1899, Absaroka, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Atlas of the U.S., folio 52.
145. _ 1904, Atlas to accompany Monograph 32 on the geology of the Yellowstone National Park: Washington, D.C., U.S. Geological Survey, 37 sheets.
146. _ 1911, Origin of the thermal waters in the Yellowstone National Park: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 22, p. 103-122.
147. _ 1912, Geological history of the Yellowstone National Park: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 23 p.
148. Hague, A., Iddings, J. P., Weed, W. H., Walcott, C. D., Girty, G. H., Stanton, T. W., and Knowlton, F. H., 1899, Descriptive geology, petrography, and paleontology, pt. 2 of Geology of the Yellowstone National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Monograph 32, 893 p.
149. Hague, A., Weed, W. H., and Iddings, J. P., 1896, Yellowstone National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Atlas of U.S., Folio 30, 6 p.
150. Haines, A. L., 1965, Osborne Russell's "Journal of a Trapper" [1834-1843]: Lincoln, University of Nebraska Press, 203 p.
151. Hall, W. B., 1961, The geology of the upper Gallatin River basin, southwestern Montana [Ph.D. thesis]: Laramie, University of Wyoming, 239 p..
152. Hamilton, W., 1959, Yellowstone Park area, Wyoming: A possible modern lopolith: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 70, p. 225-228.
153. _ 1960a, Silicic differentiates of lopoliths: International Geological Congress, 21st, Norden, 1960, Report, Part 13, p. 59-67.
154. _ 1960b, Late Cenozoic tectonics and volcanism of the Yellowstone region, Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho, in West Yellowstone earthquake area: Billings Geological Society Guidebook 11th Annual Field Conference, 1960, p. 92-105.
155. _ 1963, Petrology of rhyolite and basalt, northwestern Yellowstone Plateau, Art. 80 in Short Papers in geology and hydrology: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 475-C, p. C78-C81.
156. _ 1964, Volcanic rocks of the West Yellowstone and Madison Junction quadrangles, Montana, Wyoming, and Idaho, in the Hebgen Lake, Montana, earthquake of August 17, 1959: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 435-S, p. 209-221.
157. _ 1965, Geology and petrogenesis of the Island Park caldera of rhyolite and basalt, eastern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 504-C, 37 p.
158. _ 1978, Mesozoic tectonics of the Western United States, in Mesozoic
159. Hamilton, W., and Leopold, E. B., 1962, Volcanic rocks of Oligocene age in the southern part of the Madison Range, Montana and Idaho, Art. 10 in Short papers in geology, hydrology and topography: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 450-B, B26-B29.
160. Hamilton, W., and Myers, W. B., 1966, Cenozoic tectonics of the Western United States: Reviews of Geophysics, v. 4, p. 509-550.
161. _ 1967, The nature of batholiths, in Shorter contributions to general geology 1966: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 554-C, 30 p.
162. Hamilton, W., and Wilshire, H. G., 1965, Liquid fractionation of basaltic magma [abs.]: Geological Society of America Special Paper 82, p. 331.
163. Hawkes, L., 1945, The Gardiner River rhyolite-basalt complex: Geological Magazine, v. 82, p. 182-184.
164. Hay, R. L., 1959, Formation of the crystal-rich glowing avalanche deposits of St. Vincent, B.W.I.: Journal of Geology, v. 67, p. 540-562.
165. Hayden, F. V., 1872, Report, p. 13-165 in Hayden, F. V., Preliminary report of the United States Geological Survey of Montana and Portions of Adjacent Territories: U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories Fifth Annual Report [for 1871], 538 p.
166. _ 1873, Report, p. 13-85 in Hayden, F. V., Sixth annual report of the United States Geological Survey in the Territories: U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories Sixth Annual Report [for 1872], 844 p.
167. Hermance, J. G., and Grillot, L. R., 1970, Correlation of magnetotelluric, seismic, and temperature data from southwest Iceland: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 75, p. 6582-1925.
168. Hibbard, M. J., 1981, The magma mixing origin of mantled feldspars: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 76, p. 158-170.
169. Hildreth, W., 1979, The Bishop Tuff: Evidence for the origin of compositional zonation in silicic magma chambers: Geological Society American Special Paper 180, p. 43-76.
170. _ 1981, Gradients in silicic magma chambers: Implications for lithospheric magmatism: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 86, p. 10153-10192.
171. _ 1983, The compositionally zoned eruption of 1912 in the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes, Katmai National Park, Alaska: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 18, p. 1-56.
172. Hildreth, W., Christiansen, R. L., and O'Neil, J. R., 1984, Oxygen isotopic study of the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 89, p. 8339-8369.
173. Hildreth, W., Halliday, A. N., and Christiansen, R. L., 1991, Isotopic and chemical evidence concerning the genesis and contamination of basaltic and rhyolitic magma beneath the Yellowstone Plateau volcanic field: Journal of Petrology, v. 32, p. 63-138.
174. Hill, D. P., 1963, Gravity and crustal structure in the western Snake River Plain, Idaho: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 68, p. 5807-5820.
175. Hill, R. I., Campbell, H., Davies, G. F., and Griffiths, R. W., 1992, Mantle plumes and continental tectonics: Science, v. 256, p. 186-192.
176. Holmes, W. H., 1883a, Report on the geology of the Yellowstone National Park, p. 1-62 in Hayden, F. V., A report of progress of the exploration in Wyoming and Idaho for the year 1878: U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories, Twelfth Annual Report, part 2, Yellowstone National Park, 503 p.
177. _ 1883b, Preliminary geological map of the Yellowstone National Park: U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories Twelfth Annual Report, Atlas plate 6, scale 1:126,720.
178. Houston, R. S., 1956, Preliminary report on the petrography of the Tertiary volcanic rocks of the Jackson Hole area, Teton County, Wyoming: Wyoming Geological Association Guidebook 11, p. 133-139.
179. Howard, A. D., 1937, History of the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone: Geological Society of America Special Paper 6, 159 p.
180. Hubbard, H. J., 1967, Some trace elements in Hawaiian lavas [Ph.D. thesis]: University of Hawaii, Manoa, 123 p.
181. Humphreys, E. D., and Dueker, K. G., 1994a, Western U.S. upper mantle structure: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 99, no. B5, p. 9615-9634.
182. _ 1994a, Physical state of the western U.S. upper mantle: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 99, no. B5, p. 9635-9650.
183. Iddings, J. P., 1888, Obsidian Cliff, Yellowstone National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Annual Report, 7th, p. 249-295.
184. _ 1891, Spherulitic crystallization: Philosophical Society of Washington Bulletin, v. 11, p. 445-464.
185. _ 1896, Extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks as products of magmatic differentiation: Geological Society of London Quarterly Journal, v. 52, p. 606-617.
186. _ 1899a, The rhyolites, p. 365-432 in Hague, A., and others, Geology of the Yellowstone National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Monograph 32, Part 2, 893 p.
187. _ 1899b, Recent basalts, p. 433-439 in Hague, A., and others, Geology of the Yellowstone National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Monograph 32, Part 2, 392 p.
188. Irvine, T. N., and Baragar, W. R. A., 1971, A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 8, p. 523-548.
189. Iyer, H. M., 1975, Anomalous delays of teleseismic P waves in Yellowstone National Park: Nature, v. 253, p. 425-427.
190. _ 1978, Deep structure under Yellowstone National Park, U.S.A.: A continental "hot spot": Tectonophysics, v. 56, p. 165-197.
191. _ 1984, A review of crust and upper mantle structure studies of the Snake River Plain-Yellowstone volcanic system: A major lithospheric anomaly in the western U.S.A.: Tectonophysics, v. 105, p. 291-308.
192. Iyer, H. M., Evans, J. R., Zandt, G., Stewart, R. M., Coakley, J. M., and Roloff, J. N., 1981, A deep low-velocity body under the Yellowstone caldera, Wyoming: Delineation using teleseismic P-wave residuals and tectonic interpretation: Geological Society of America Bulletin, part II, v. 92, p. 1471-1646.
193. Izett, G. A., 1981, Volcanic ash beds: Recorders of upper Cenozoic silicic pyroclastic volcanism in the Western United States: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 86, p. 10200-10222.
194. Izett, G. A., and Wilcox, R. E., 1982, Map showing localities of the Huckleberry Ridge, Mesa Falls, and Lava Creek ash beds (Pearlette family ash beds) of Pliocene and Pleistocene age in the Western United States and Southern Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-1325, scale 1:4,000,000..
195. Izett, G. A., Wilcox, R. E., Powers, H. A., and Desborough, G. A., 1970, The Bishop ash bed, a Pleistocene marker bed in the Western United States: Quaternary Research, v. 1, p. 121-132.
196. Jackson, E. D., Silver, E. A., and Dalrymple, G. B., 1972, The Hawaiian-Emperor Chain and its relation to Cenozoic circumpacific tectonics: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 83, p. 601-618.
197. Jobin, D. A., and Schroeder, M. L., 1964a, Geology of the Conant Valley quadrangle, Bonneville County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Field Studies Map, MF-277, scale 1:24,000.
198. _ 1964b, Geology of the Irwin quadrangle Bonneville County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Field Studies Map MF-287, scale 1:24,000.
199. Jobin, D. A., and Soister, P. E., 1964, Geologic map of Thompson Peak quadrangle, Bonneville County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Field Studies Map MF-284, scale 1:24,000.
200. Keefer, W. R., 1970, Structural geology of the Wind River Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 495-D, 35 p.
201. Kellogg, K. S., and Marvin, R. F., 1988, New potassium-argon ages, geochemistry, and tectonic setting of upper Cenozoic volcanic rocks near Blackfoot, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1806, 19 p.
202. Kennedy, B. M., Lynch, M. A., Reynolds, J. H., and Smith, S. P., 1985, Intensive sampling of noble gases in fluids at Yellowstone: I. Early overview of the data; regional patterns: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 49, p. 1251-1261.
203. Kennedy, B. M., Reynolds, J. H., Smith, S. P., and Truesdell, A. H., 1987, Helium isotopes: Lower Geyser Basin Yellowstone National Park: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 92, p.12,477-12,489.
204. Kennedy, G. C., 1955, Some aspects of the role of water in rock melts, in Poldervaart, A., ed., Crust of the Earth - a symposium: Geological Society of America Special Paper 62, p. 489-503.
205. King, P. B., 1959, The evolution of North America: Princeton, N. J., Princeton University Press, 189 p.
206. _ 1969, Tectonic map of the North America: U.S. Geological Survey, scale 1:5,000,000.
207. Kirkham, V. R. D., 1931, Snake River downwarp: Journal of Geology, v. 39, p. 456-483.
208. Kuntz, M. A., 1977, Rift zones of the Snake River Plain, Idaho as extensions of basin-range and older structures: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 9, p. 1061-1062.
209. _ 1979, Geologic map of the Juniper Buttes area, eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Map I-1115, 1:48,000.
210. Lachenbruch, A. H., and Sass, J. H., 1977, Heat flow in the United States and the thermal regime of the crust, in Heacock, J. G., ed., The Earth's crust: American Geophysical Union Monograph 20, p. 626-675.
211. Larsen, E. S., 1940, The petrographic province of central Montana: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 51, p. 887-948.
212. Larsen, E. S., and Cross, W., 1956, Geology and petrology of the San Juan region, southwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 258, 303 p.
213. Lawrence, R. D., 1976, Strike-slip faulting terminates the Basin and Range Province in Oregon: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 87, p. 846-850.
214. Leeman, W. P., 1979, Primitive lead in deep crustal xenoliths from the Snake River Plain, Idaho: Nature, v. 281, p. 365-366.
215. _ 1982a, Tectonic and magmatic significance of strontium isotopic variations in Cenozoic volcanic rocks from the western United States: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 93, p. 487-503.
216. _ 1982b, Development of the Snake River Plain-Yellowstone Plateau province: An overview and petrologic model, in Bonnichsen, B., and Breckenridge, R. M., eds., Cenozoic geology of Idaho: Idaho Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin 26, p. 155-177.
217. _ 1982c, Olivine tholeiitic basalts of the Snake River Plain, in Bonnichsen, B., and Breckenridge, R. M., eds., Cenozoic geology of Idaho: Idaho Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin 26, p. 181-191.
218. Leeman, W. P., and Manton, W. I., 1971, Strontium isotopic composition of basaltic lavas from the Snake River Plain, southern Idaho: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 11, p. 420-434.
219. Leeman, W. P., and Phelps, D. W., 1981, Partitioning of rare earths and other trace elements between sanidine and coexisting volcanic glass: Journal of Geophysical research, v. 86, p. 10,193-10,199.
220. Leeman, W. P., and Rodgers, J. J. W., 1970, Late Cenozoic alkaliolivine basalts of the Basin-Range province, U.S.A.: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 25, p. 1-24.
221. Leeman, W. P., and Vitaliano, C. J., 1976, Petrology of the McKinney Basalt, Snake River Plain, Idaho: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 87, p. 1777-1779
222. Leeman, W. P., Vitaliano, C. J., and Prinz, M., 1976, Evolved lavas from the Snake River Plain: Craters of the Moon National Monument: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 56, p. 35-60.
223. Lehman, J. A., Smith, R. B., Schilly, M. M., and Braile, L. W., 1982, Upper crustal structure of the Yellowstone caldera from seismic delay time analyses and gravity correlations: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 87, p. 2713-2730.
224. Lipman, P. W., 1975, Evolution of the Platoro caldera complex and related volcanic rocks southeastern San Juan Mountains, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 852.
225. _ 1984, The roots of ash-flow calderas in western North America: Windows into the tops of granitic batholiths: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 89, p. 8801-8841.
226. Lipman, P. W., Bowman, H. R., Knight, R., Millard, H. T., Jr., Pallister, J. S., Street, K., Wollenberg, H., and Zielinski, R. A., 1982, Instrumental neutron activation analyses of Cenozoic volcanic rocks, phenocrysts, and associated intrusions from the southern Rocky Mountains and adjacent areas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 82-1069, 1 sheet.
227. Lipman, P. W., Christiansen, R. L., and O'Connor, J. T., 1966, A compositionally zoned ash-flow sheet in southern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 524-F, 47 p.
228. Lipman, P. W., Doe, B. R., Hedge, C. E., and Steven, T. W., 1978, Petrologic evolution of the San Juan volcanic field, southwestern Colorado, Pb and Sr isotope evidence: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 89, p. 59-82.
229. Lipman, P. W., Prostka, H. J., and Christiansen, R. L., 1972, Cenozoic volcanism and plate-tectonic evolution of the Western United States: Part 1, Early and middle Cenozoic: Royal Society of London Philosophical Transactions, Series A, v. 271, p. 217-248.
230. Lipman, P. W., and Steven, T. A., 1970, Reconnaissance geology and economic significance of the Platoro caldera, southeastern San Juan Mountains, Colorado, in Geological Survey research, 1970: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 700-C, p. C19-C29.
231. Lipman, P. W., Steven, T. A., and Mehnert, H. H., 1970, Volcanic history of the San Juan Mountains, Colorado, as indicated by potassium-argon dating: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 81, p. 2329-2352.
232. Locke, A., Billingsley, P., and Mayo, E. B., 1940, Sierra Nevada Tectonic pattern: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 51, p. 513-540.
233. Locke, W. W., and Meyer, G. A., 1994, A 12,000-year record of vertical deformation across the Yellowstone caldera margin: The shorelines of Yellowstone Lake: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 99, no. B10, p. 20,079-20,094.
234. Longwell, C. R., 1960, Possible explanation of diverse structural patterns in southern Nevada: American Journal of Science, v. 258-A (Bradley Vol.) p. 192-203.
235. Love, J. D., 1956a, New geologic formation names in Jackson Hole, Teton County, northwestern Wyoming: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 40, p. 1899-1914.
236. _ 1956b, Cretaceous and Tertiary stratigraphy of the Jackson Hole area, northwestern Wyoming: Wyoming Geological Association Guidebook, 11th Annual Field Conference, Jackson Hole, 1956, p. 75-94.
237. _ 1956c, Summary of geologic history of Teton County, Wyoming during Late Cretaceous, Tertiary, and Quaternary times: Wyoming Geological Association Guidebook, 11th Annual Field Conference, Jackson Hole, 1956, p. 140-150.
238. _ 1956d, Geologic map of Teton County, Wyoming, Geol. Association Guidebook, 11th Annual Field Conference, Jackson Hole, 1956, scale 1:200,000.
239. _ 1961, Reconnaissance study of Quaternary faults in and south of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 72, p. 1749-1764.
240. _ 1973, Preliminary geologic map of the Two Ocean Lake Quadrangle Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file map, scale 1:62,500.
241. _ 1977, Summary of Upper Cretaceous and Cenozoic stratigraphy, and of tectonic and glacial events in Jackson Hole, northwestern Wyoming: Wyoming Geological Association Guidebook, 29th Annual Field Conference, p. 586-593.
242. Love, J. D., and Albee, H. F., 1972, Geologic map of the Jackson quadrangle, Teton County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-769-A, scale 1:24,000.
243. Love, J. D., and Christiansen, A. C., 1985, Geologic map of Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey, scale 1:500,000.
244. Love, J. D., and Keefer, W. R., 1969, Basin Creek uplift and Heart Lake Conglomerate, southern Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming in Geological Survey research, 1969: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 650-D, p. D122-D130.
245. _ 1975, Geology of sedimentary rocks in southern Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, in The Geology of Yellowstone National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 729-D, 60 p.
246. Love, J. D., Leopold, E. B., and Love, D. W., 1978, Eocene rocks, fossils, and geologic history, Teton Range, northwestern Wyoming, in Geology of the Teton-Jackson Hole region, northwestern Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 932-B, 40 p.
247. Love, J. D., McKenna, M. C., and Dawson, M. R., 1976, Eocene, Oligocene, and Miocene rocks and vertebrate fossils of the Emerald Lake locality, 3 miles south of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, in Geology of the Teton-Jackson Hole region, northwestern Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 932-A, 78 p.
248. Love, J. D., Reed, J. C., Jr., Christiansen, R. L., and Stacy, J. R., 1973, Geologic block diagram and tectonic history of the Teton region: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-730.
249. Lowder, G. G., and Carmichael, I. S. E., 1970, The volcanoes and caldera of Talasea, New Britain; Geology and petrology: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 81, p. 17-38.
250. Mabey, D. R., 1978, Gravity and aeromagnetic anomalies in the Rexburg area of eastern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 78-382, 19 p.
251. Mabey, D. R., and Oriel, S. S., 1970, Gravity and magnetic anomalies in the Soda Springs region, southeastern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 646-E, 15 p.
252. Mabey, D. R., Zietz, I., Eaton, G. P., and Kleinkopf, M. D., 1978, Regional magnetic patterns in part of the Cordillera in the Western United States, in Smith, R. B., and Eaton, G. P., Cenozoic tectonics and regional geophysics of the western Cordillera: Geological Society of America Memoir 152, p. 93-106.
253. Macdonald, G. A., and Katsura, T., 1964, Chemical composition of Hawaiian lavas: Journal of Petrology, v. 5, p. 82-133.
254. Macdonald, R., Smith, R. L., and Thomas, J. E., 1992, Chemistry of the subalkalic silicic obsidians: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1523, 214 p.
255. Mackenzie, D. E., 1987, Geology, petrology, and tectonic significance of Permian and Carboniferous igneous rocks of the western Georgetown Inlier, north Queensland: BMR Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics, v. 10, p. 109-120.
256. Mackenzie, D. E., 1993, Geology of the Featherbed cauldron complex, north Queensland: Part 1 - Eruptive rocks and post-volcanic sediments: Australian Geological Survey Organisation Record 1992/82, 103 p.
257. Mackenzie, D. E., Bultitude, D. J., and Rienks, I. P., 1993, Geology of the Featherbed cauldron complex, Queensland, Australia: Australian Geological Survey Organisation Geological Special, scale 1:100,000.
258. MacLeod, N. S., Walker, G. W., and McKee, E. H., 1976, Geothermal significance of eastward increase in age of upper Cenozoic rhyolitic domes in southeastern Oregon: Second United Nations Symposium on Development and Use of Geothermal Resources, Proceedings, p. 465-474.
259. Malde, H. E., 1959, Fault zone along northern boundary of western Snake River Plain, Idaho: Science, v. 130, p. 272
260. _ 1965, Snake River Plain, in Wright, H. E., Jr., and Frey, D. G., eds., The Quaternary of the United States: Princeton, N. J., Princeton University Press, p. 255-264.
261. _ 1972, Stratigraphy of the Glenns Ferry Formation from Hammett to Hagerman, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1331-D, 19 p.
262. _ 1991, Quaternary geology and structural history of the Snake River Plain, Idaho and Oregon, in Morrison, R. B., ed., Quaternary nonglacial geology: Conterminous U.S.: Boulder Colo., Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, v. K-2, p. 251-281.
263. Malde, H. E., and Powers, H. A., Jr., 1962, Upper Cenozoic stratigraphy of western Snake River Plain, Idaho: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 73, p. 1197-1220.
264. Malde, H. E., Powers, H. A., and Marshall, C. H., 1963, Reconnaissance geologic map of west-central Snake River Plain, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-373, scale 1:125,000.
265. Mankinen, E. A., and Dalrymple, G. B., 1979, Revised geomagnetic polarity time scale for the interval 0-5 m.y. B.P.: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 84, p. 615-626.
266. Mansfield, G. R., 1927, Geography, geology and mineral resources of part of southeastern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 152, 453 p.
267. _ 1952, Geography, geology, and mineral resources of the Ammon and Paradise Valley quadrangles, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 238, 92 p.
268. Mansfield, G. R., and Ross, C. S., 1935, Welded rhyolitic tuffs in southeastern Idaho: American Geophysical Union Transactions, v. 16, p. 308-321.
269. Mapel, W. J., and Hail, W. J., Jr., 1959, Tertiary geology of the Goose Creek district, Cassia County, Idaho, Box Elder County, Utah, and Elko County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, 1055-H, p. 217-254.
270. Matthews, V., III, ed., 1978, Laramide folding associated with basement block faulting in the Western United States: Geological Society of America Memoir 151, p.
271. Matthews, V., III, and Anderson, C. E., 1973, Yellowstone convection plume and break-up of the Western United States: Nature, v. 243, p. 158-159.
272. McBroome, L. A., 1981, Stratigraphy and origin of Neogene ash-flow tuffs on the north-central margin of the Eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho [M.Sc. thesis]: Boulder, University of Colorado, 74 p.
273. McDougall, I., 1971, Volcanic Island chains and sea-floor spreading: Nature, v. 231, p. 141-144.
274. McKenzie, D. P., and Morgan, W. J., 1969, Evolution of triple junctions: Nature, v. 244, p. 125-133.
275. Minster, J. B., and Jordan, T. H., 1978, Present-day plate motions: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 83, p. 5331-5354.
276. Minster, J. B., Jordan, T. H., Molnar, P., and Haines, E., 1974, Numerical modelling of instantaneous plate tectonics: Royal Astronomical Society Geophysical Journal, v. 36, p. 541-546.
277. Molnar, P., and Stock, J., 1987, Relative motions of hotspots in the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans since late Cretaceous time: Nature, v. 327, p. 587-591.
278. Morgan, L. A., 1988, Explosive rhyolitic volcanism on the eastern Snake River Plain, Idaho [Ph.D. thesis]: Honolulu, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 191 p.
279. _ 1992, Stratigraphic relations and paleomagnetic and geochemical correlations of ignimbrites of the Heise volcanic field, Snake River Plain, eastern Idaho and western Wyoming, in Link, P. K., Kuntz, M. A., and Platt, L. B., eds., Regional Geology of eastern Idaho and western Wyoming: Geological Society of America Memoir 179, p. 215-226.
280. Morgan, L. A., and Bonnichsen, B., 1989, Heise volcanic field, in Chapin, C. E., and Zidek, J. eds., Field excursions to volcanic features in the western United States, v. 2, Cascades and Intermountain West: New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Memoir 47, p. 153-160.
281. Morgan, L. A., Doherty, D. J., and Leeman, W. P., 1984, Ignimbrites of the eastern Snake River Plain: Evidence for major caldera-forming eruptions: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 89, p. 8665-8678.
282. Morgan, P., Blackwell, D. D., Spafford, R. E., and Smith, R. B., 1977, Heat flow measurements in Yellowstone Lake and the thermal structure of the Yellowstone caldera: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 82, p. 3719-3732.
283. Morgan, W. J., 1971, Convection plumes in the lower mantle: Nature, v. 230, p. 42-43.
284. _ 1972, Plate motions and deep mantle convection: Geological Society of America Memoir 132, p. 7-22.
285. Moriceau, C., Christensen, U., and Fleitout, L., 1991, Geoid and topography associated with sublithospheric convection: Negligible contribution from deep currents: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 103, p. 395-408.
286. Muffler, L. J. P., White, D. E., Beeson, M. H., and Truesdell, A. H., 1982a, Geologic map of Upper Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Map I-1371, 1:4,800.
287. Muffler, L. J. P., White, D. E., and Truesdell, A. H., 1971, Hydrothermal explosion craters in Yellowstone National Park: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 82, p. 723-740.
288. Muffler, L. J. P., White, D. E., Truesdell, A. H., and Fournier, R. O., 1982b, Geologic map of Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Map I-1373, 1:24,000.
289. Murphy, L. M., and Brazee, R. J., 1964, Seismological investigations of the Hebgen Lake earthquake, in The Hebgen Lake, Montana, earthquake of August 17, 1959: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 435-C, p. 13-17.
290. Myers, W. B., and Hamilton, W., 1964, Deformation accompanying the Hebgen Lake earthquake of August 17, 1959, in The Hebgen Lake, Montana, earthquake of August 17, 1959: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 435-I, p. 55-98.
291. Nace, R. L., Voegeli, P. T., Jones, J. R., and Deutsch, M., 1975, Generalized geologic framework of the National Reactor Testing Station, Idaho, in Geology, hydrology, and waste management at the National Reactor Testing Station, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 725-B, 49 p.
292. Naeser, C. W., Izett, G. A., and Wilcox, R. E., 1973, Zircon fission-track ages of Pearlette family ash beds in Meade County, Kansas: Geology, v. 1, p. 187-189.
293. Neace, T. F., 1986, Eruptive style, emplacement, and lateral variations of the Mesa Falls Tuff, Island Park, Idaho, as shown by detailed volcanic stratigraphy and pyroclastic studies [M.S. thesis]: Pocatello, Idaho State University, 98 p.
294. Neace, T. F., Hackett, W. R., Davis, L. C., Johnson, R. J., and Link, P. K., 1986, Eruptive style, emplacement, and lateral variations of the Quaternary Mesa Falls Tuff, Island Park, Idaho: Montana Geological Society-Yellowstone-Beartooth Research Association Field Conference, p. 71-78.
295. Noble, D. C., 1972, Some observations on the Cenozoic volcanotectonic evolution of the Great Basin, Western United States: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 17, p. 142-150.
296. Obradovich, J. D., 1992, Geochronology of the late Cenozoic volcanism of Yellowstone National Park and adjoining areas, Wyoming and Idaho: U.S. Geololgical Survey Open-file Report 92-408, 45p.
297. 39Ar ages of upper Cenozoic Yellowstone Group tuffs: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 23, no. 2, p. A84.
298. _ 1992, The geomagnetic polarity time scale (GPTS) and the astronomical time scale (ATS) now in near accord: American Geophysical Union Transactions (Eos), v. 73, p. 630-631.
299. Obradovich, J. D., Naeser, C. W., Izett, G. A., Pasini, G., and Bigazzi, G., 1982, Age constraints on the proposed Plio-Pleistocene boundary stratotype at Vrica, Italy: Nature, v. 298, p. 55-59.
300. Oftedahl, C., 1952, Studies on the igneous rock complex of the Oslo region. XII, The lavas: Norske Videnskaps-Akademie Oslo, Mat. Nat. K1., no. 3, 64 p.
301. _ 1953, Studies on the igneous rock complex of the Oslo region. 8. The cauldrons: Norske Videnskaps-Akademie Oslo, Mat. Nat. K., Skr. 3, 108 p.
302. _ 1978a, Main geologic features of the Oslo graben, in Neumann, E. -R., and Ramberg, I. B., eds., Tectonics and geophysics of continental rifts: Dordrecht, Holland, D. Reidel, p. 149-165.
303. _ 1978b, Cauldrons of the Permian Oslo rift: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 3, no. 3/4, p. 343-371.
304. Oversby, B. S., Black, R. P., and Sheraton, J. W., 1980, Late Palaeozoic continental volcanism in northeastern Queensland, in Henderson, R. A., and Stephenson, P. J., eds., The geology and geophysics of northeastern Australia: Geological Society of Australia, Queensland Division, p. 247-268.
305. Palmason, G., 1971, Crustal structure of Iceland from explosion seismology: Societae Scientarum Islandica, Publication 40, 188 p.
306. Pampayen, E. H., Schroeder, M. L., Schell, E. M., and Cressman, E. R., 1967, Geologic map of the Driggs quadrangle, Bonneville and Teton Counties, Idaho, and Teton County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Field Studies Map MF-300, scale 1:31,680.
307. Pardee, J. T., 1950, Late Cenozoic block faulting in western Montana: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 61, p. 359-406.
308. Parsons, T., Thompson, G. A., and Sleep, N. H., 1994, Mantle plume influence on the Neogene uplift and extension of the U.S. western Cordillera?: Geology, v. 22, p. 83-86.
309. Parsons, W. H., and Doherty, D., 1974, Ground surge in Pliocene-Pleistocene ash and pumice deposits in eastern Idaho [abstract]: Geological Society of America Programs with Abstracts, v. 6, p. 465.
310. Peale, A. C., 1873, Report, in Hayden, F. V., Sixth annual report of the United States Geological Survey of the Territories: U.S. Geological and Geographical Survey of the Territories Sixth Annual Report [for 1872], p. 99-187.
311. Peck, L. C., 1964, Systematic analysis of silicates: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1170, 89 p.
312. Pelton, J. R., and Smith, R. B., 1979, Recent crustal uplift in Yellowstone National Park: Science, v. 206, p. 1179-1182.
313. _ 1982, Contemporary vertical surface displacement in Yellowstone National Park: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 87, p. 2745-2761.
314. Phillips, P. C., ed., 1940, Life in the Rocky Mountains: A diary by Warren A. Ferris: Denver, 365 p.
315. Pierce, K. L., 1973, Surficial geologic map of the Mammoth quadrangle and part of the Gardiner quadrangle, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-641, scale 1:62,500.
316. _ 1974, Surficial geologic map of the Tower Junction quadrangle and part of the Mount Wallace quadrangle, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-647, scale 1:62,500.
317. _1979, History and dynamics of glaciation in the northern Yellowstone National Park area, in Geology of Yellowstone National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 729-F, 90 p.
318. Pierce, K. L., Adams, K. P., and Sturchio, N. C., 1991, Geologic setting of the Corwin Springs Known Geothermal Resources Area-Mammoth Hot Springs area in and adjacent to Yellowstone National Park, in Sorey, M. L., ed., Effects of potential geothermal development in the Corwin Springs Known Geothermal Resources Area, Montana, on the thermal features of Yellowstone National Park: U. S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 91-4052, p. C1-C37.
319. Pierce, K. L., Cannon, K. P., and Meyer, G., 1997, Yellowstone caldera "heavy breathing" based on Yellowstone lake and river changes in post-glacial time (abs.): American Geophysical Union Transactions (Eos), v. 78, no. 46 Supplement, p. 802.
320. Pierce, K. L., Christiansen, R. L., and Richmond, G. M., 1970, The Osprey Formation (Pleistocene) and its Tower Creek Gravel Member, Yellowstone National Park, in Cohee, G. V., Bates, R. G., and Wright, W. B., Changes in stratigraphic nomenclature by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1969: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1324-A, p. A30-A34.
321. Pierce, K. L., and Morgan, L. A., 1992, The track of the Yellowstone hot spot: Volcanism, faulting, and uplift, in Link, P. K., Kuntz, M. A., and Platt, L. B., eds., Regional Geology of eastern Idaho and western Wyoming: Geological Society of America Memoir 179, p. 1-53.
322. Pierce, K. L., Obradovich, J. D., and Friedman, I., 1976, Obsidian hydration dating and correlation of Bull Lake and Pinedale Glaciations near West Yellowstone, Montana: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 87, p. 703-710.
323. Pitcher, W. S., 1978, The anatomy of a batholith: Geological Society of London Journal, v. 135, p. 157-182.
324. Pitt, A. M., 1989, Map showing earthquake epicenters (1964-1981) in Yellowstone National Park and vicinity, Wyoming, Idaho, and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-2022, scale 1:250,000.
325. Pitt, A. M., Weaver, C. S., and Spence, W., 1979, The Yellowstone Park earthquake of June 30, 1975: Seismological Society of America Bulletin, v. 69, p. 187-205.
326. Powers, H. A., 1960, Alkalic lava flow, with fluidity of basalt, in the Snake River Plain, Idaho, in Geological Survey research 1960: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 400-B, p. B297.
327. Powers, H. A., Young, E. G., and Barnett, P. R., 1958, Possible extension into Idaho, Nevada, and Utah of the Pearlette ash of Meade County, Kansas [abs.]: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 69, p. 1631.
328. Presnall, D. C., 1969, The geometrical analysis of partial fusion: American Journal of Science, v. 267, p. 1178-1194.
329. Proffett, J. M., Jr., 1977, Cenozoic geology of the Yerington district, Nevada, and implications for the nature and origin of Basin and Range faulting: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 88, p. 247-266.
330. Prostka, H. J., 1977, Joints, fissures, and voids in rhyolite welded ash-flow tuff at Teton damsite, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-211, 13 p.
331. Prostka, H. J., Blank, H. R., Jr., Christiansen, R. L., and Ruppel, E. T., 1975, Geologic map of the Tower Junction quadrangle, Yellowstone National Park and vicinity, Wyoming-Montana: U. S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1247, scale 1:62,500.
332. Prostka, H. J., and Embree, G. F., 1978, Geology and geothermal resources of the Rexburg area, eastern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 78-1009, 14 p.
333. Prostka, H. J., and Hackman, R. J., 1974, Preliminary geologic map of the NW 1/4, Driggs 1° by 2° quadrangle, southeastern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 74-105, scale 1:250,000.
334. Ratté, J. C., and Steven, T. A., 1964, Magmatic differentiation in a volcanic sequence related to the Creede caldera, Colorado, Art. 131 in Short papers in geology and hydrology: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 475-D, p. D49-D53.
335. Raynolds, W. G., 1868, Report on the exploration of the Yellowstone River: U.S. 40th Congress, 2nd Session, Senate Executive Document 77, 174 p.
336. Reed, J. C., Jr., 1993, Map of the Precambrian rocks of the conterminous United States and some adjacent parts of Canada, in Reed, J. C., Jr., and 6 others, eds., Precambrian: Conterminous U.S.: Boulder, Colo., Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, v. C-2, pl. 1, scale 1:5,000,000.
337. Reed, J. C., Jr., Love, D. W., and Love, J. D., 1972, Geologic map of the Rammel Mountain Quadrangle, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Map, scale 1:24,000.
338. Reed, J. C., Jr., and Zartman, R. E., 1973, Geochronology of Precambrian rocks of the Teton Range, Wyoming: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 84, p. 561-582.
339. Reynolds, M. W., 1979, Character and extent of basin-range faulting, western Montana and east-central Idaho, in Newman, G. W., and Goode, H. D., eds., Basin and Range symposium and Great Basin field conference: Rocky Mountain Association of Geologists, p. 305-312.
340. Reynolds, R. L., 1977, Paleomagnetism of welded tuffs of the Yellowstone Group: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 82, p. 3677-3693.
341. _ 1979, Comparison of the TRM of the Yellowstone Group and the DRM of some Pearlette ash beds: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 84, p. 4525-4532.
342. Rhodes, R. C., 1976, Petrologic framework of the Mogollon Plateau volcanic ring complex, New Mexico - surface expression of a major batholith: New Mexico Geological Society Special Publication 5, p. 103-112.
343. Richey, J. E., 1961, British regional geology, Scotland; the Tertiary volcanic districts (3rd ed.): Edinburgh, Great Britain Geological Survey and Museum, 119 p.
344. Richmond, G. M., 1965, Glaciation of the Rocky Mountains, in Wright, H. E., Jr., and Frey, D. G., eds., the Quaternary of the United States: Princeton, N. J., Princeton University Press, p. 217-230.
345. _ 1976, Surficial geologic history of the Canyon Village quadrangle Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, for use with map I-652: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1427, 35 p.
346. _ 1977, Surficial geologic map of the Canyon Village quadrangle, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-652, scale 1:62,500.
347. Richmond, G. M., and Hamilton, Warren, 1960, The late Quaternary age of obsidian-rhyolite flows in the western part of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, in Short papers in the geological sciences: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 400-B, p. B224-225.
348. Robinson, G. D., 1960, Middle Tertiary unconformity in southwestern Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 400-B, p. B227-B228.
349. _ 1961, Origin and development of the Three Forks basin, Montana: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 72, p. 1003-1014.
350. Roedder, E., and Weiblen, P. W., 1970, Silicate liquid immiscibility in lunar magmas, evidenced by melt inclusions in lunar rocks: Science, v. 167, p. 641-644.
351. Ross, C. P., 1961, A redefinition and restriction of the term Challis volcanics: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 424-C, p. C177-180.
352. Ross, C. P., Andrews, D. A., and Witkind, I. J., 1955, Geologic map of Montana: Washington, D.C., U.S. Geological Survey, scale, 1:500,000.
353. Ross, C. P., and Forrester, D. D., 1947, Geologic map of Idaho: Washington, D.C., U.S. Geol. Survey, scale, 1:500,000.
354. Ross, C. S., 1955, Provenience of pyroclastic materials: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 66, p. 427-434.
355. Ross, C. S., and Smith, R. L., 1961, Ash-flow tuffs-Their origin, geologic relations, and identification: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 366, 81 p.
356. Ruppel, E. T., 1964, Strike-slip faulting and broken basin-ranges in east-central Idaho and adjacent Montana, in Geological Survey research, 1964: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 501-C, C14-C18.
357. _ 1972, Geology of pre-Tertiary rocks in the northern part of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, in Geology of Yellowstone National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 729-A, 66 p.
358. _ 1982, Cenozoic block uplifts in east-central Idaho and southwest Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1224, 24 p.
359. Ryall, A., 1962, The Hebgen Lake, Montana, earthquake of August 17, 1959, P-waves: Seismological Society of America Bulletin, v. 52, p. 235-271.
360. Sales, J. K., 1968, Crustal mechanics of Cordilleran foreland deformation; A regional and scale model approach: American Association of Petroleum Geologist Bulletin, v. 52, p. 2016-2044.
361. s=7.5): Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 98, no. B2, p. 2145-
362. Sbar, M. L., Barazangi, M., Dorman, J., Scholz, C. H., and Smith, R. B., 1972, Tectonics of the intermountain seismic belt, Western United States: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 83, p. 13-28.
363. Scholz, C. H., Barazangi, M., and Sbar, M. L., 1971, Late Cenozoic evolution of the Great Basin, Western United States, as an ensialic inter-arc basin: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 82, p. 2979-2990.
364. Scholten, R., 1967, Structural framework and oil potential of extreme southwestern Montana: Montana Geological Society Guidebook 18th Ann. Field Conference, p. 7-19.
365. Scholten T., Keenmon, K. A., and Kupsch, W. O., 1955, Geology of the Lima region, southwestern Montana and adjacent Idaho: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 66, p. 345-404.
366. Schroeder, M. C., 1969, Geologic map of the Teton Pass quadrangle, Teton County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-793, scale 1:24,000.
367. _ 1972, Geologic map of the Rendezvous Peak quadrangle, Teton County, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-980, scale 1:24,000.
368. Scott, G. R., 1965, Nonglacial Quaternary geology of the southern and middle Rocky Mountains, in Wright, H. E., Jr., and Frey, D. G., ed., The Quaternary of the United States: Princeton, N. J., Princeton University Press, p. 243-254.
369. Scott, R. B., Nesbitt, R. W., Dasch, E. J., and Armstrong, R. L., 1971, A strontium isotope evolution model for Cenozoic magma genesis, eastern Great Basin, USA: Bulletin Volcanologique, v. 35, p. 1-26.
370. Scott, W. E., Pierce, K. L., and Hait, M. H., Jr., 1985, Quaternary tectonic setting of the 1983 Borah Peak earthquake, central Idaho: Seismological Society of America Bulletin, v. 75, p. 1053-1066.
371. Shaw, H. R., 1965, Comments on viscosity, crystal settling, and convection in granitic magmas: American Journal of Science, v. 263, p. 120-152.
372. Shaw, H. R., and Jackson, D. E., 1974, Linear island chains in the Pacific: Result of thermal plumes or gravitational anchors?: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 78, p. 8634-8652.
373. Shawe, D. R., 1965, Strike-slip control of basin-range structure indicated by historical faults in western Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 76, p. 1361-1378.
374. Smedes, H. W., and Prostka, H. J., 1972, Stratigraphic framework of the Absaroka Volcanic Supergroup in the Yellowstone National Park region, in Geology of Yellowstone National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 729-C, 33 p.
375. Smith, A. L., and Carmichael, I. S. E., 1969, Quaternary trachybasalts from southeastern California: American Mineralogist, v. 54, p. 909-923.
376. Smith, R. B., 1978, Seismicity, crustal structure, and intraplate tectonics of the interior of the western Cordillera, in Smith, R. B., and Eaton, G. P., Cenozoic tectonics and regional geophysics of the western Cordillera: Geological Society of America Memoir 152, p. 111-144.
377. Smith, R. B., and Arabasz, W. J., 1991, Seismicity of the Intermountain Seismic Belt, in Slemmons, D. B., Engdahl, E. R., Zoback, M. D., and Blackwell, D. D., eds., Neotectonics of North America: Boulder, Colo., Geological Society of America Decade Map Volume 1, p. 185-228.
378. Smith, R. B., and Braile, L. W., 1984, Crustal structure and evolution of an explosive silicic volcanic system at Yellowstone National Park, in Explosive volcanism: Washington, National Academy of Sciences, p. 96-109.
379. _ 1994, The Yellowstone hotspot: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 61, p. 121-187.
380. Smith, R. B., and Christiansen, R. L., 1980, Yellowstone Park as a window on the earth's interior: Scientific American, v. 242, no. 2, p. 84-95.
381. Smith, R. B., Nagy, W. C., Julander, K. A., Viveiros, J. J., Barker, C. A., and Gants, D. G., 1989, Geophysical and tectonic framework of the eastern Basin and Range-Colorado Plateau-Rocky Mountain transition, in Pakiser, L. C., and Mooney, W. D., Geophysical framework of the continental United States: Geological Society of America Memoir 172, p. 205-233.
382. Smith, R. B., and Sbar, M. L., 1974, Contemporary tectonics and seismicity of the Western United States, with emphasis on the Intermountain Seismic Belt: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 85, p. 1205-1218.
383. Smith, R. B., Shuey, R. T., Friedline, R. O., Otis, R. M., and Alley, L. B., 1974, Yellowstone hot spot; New magnetic and seismic evidence: Geology, v. 2, p. 451-455.
384. Smith, R. B., Shuey, R. T., Pelton, J. R., and Bailey, J. P., 1977, Yellowstone hot spot: Contemporary tectonics and crustal properties from earthquake and aeromagnetic data: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 82, p. 3665-3676.
385. Smith, R. L., 1960a, Ash flows - A review: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 71, p. 795-842.
386. _ 1960b, Zones and zonal variations in welded ash flows: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 354-F, p. 149-159.
387. _ 1979, Ash-flow magmatism, in Chapin, C. E., and Elston, W. E., editors, Ash-flow tuffs: Geological Society of America Special Paper 180, p. 5-27.
388. Smith, R. L., and Bailey, R. A., 1968a, Resurgent cauldrons, in Coats, R. R., Hay, R. L., and Anderson, C. A., eds., Studies in volcanology - A memoir in honor of Howell Williams: Geological Society of America Memoir 116, p. 613-662.
389. _ 1968b, Stratigraphy, structure, and volcanic evolution of the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico [abs.], in Epis, R. C., ed., Cenozoic volcanism in the southern Rocky Mountains: Colorado School of Mines Quarterly, v. 63, no. 3, p. 259-260.
390. Smith, R. L., Bailey, R. A., and Ross, C. S., 1961, Structural evolution of the Valles caldera, New Mexico, and its bearing on the emplacement of ring dikes, Art. 340 in Short papers in the geologic and hydrologic sciences: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 424-D, p. D145-D149.
391. _ 1970, Geologic map of the Jemez Mountains, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-571, scale 1:125,000.
392. Smith, R. L., and Shaw, H. R., 1975, Igneous-related geothermal systems, in White, D. E., and Williams, D. L., eds., Assessment of geothermal resources of the United States - 1975: U. S. Geological Survey Circular 726, p. 58-83.
393. Snyder, W. S., Dickinson, W. R., and Silberman, M. L., 1976, Tectonic implications of space-time patterns of Cenozoic magmatism in the western United States: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 32, p. 91-106.
394. Sparks, R. S. J., and Wilson, L., 1976, A model for the formation of ignimbrite by gravitational column collapse: Geological Society of London Journal, v. 132, p. 441-451.
395. Sparks, R. S. J., and Wright, J. V., 1979, Welded air-fall tuffs, in Chapin, C. E., and Elston, W. E., editors, Ash-flow tuffs: Geological Society of America Special Paper 180, p. 155-166.
396. Sparks, R. S. J., Wilson, L., and Hulme, G., 1978, Theoretical modeling of the generation, movement, and emplacement of pyroclastic flows by column collapse: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 83, p. 1727-1739.
397. Spell, T. L., and McDougall, I., 1992, Revisions to the age of the Brunhes-Matuyama boundary and the Pleistocene geomagnetic polarity time scale: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 19, p. 1181-1184.
398. Spera, F. J., and Crisp, J. A., 1981, Eruption volume, periodicity, and caldera area: Relationships and inferences on development of compositional zonation in silicic magma chambers: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 11, p. 169-187.
399. Staatz, M. H.. and Albee, H. F., 1966, Geology of the Garns Mountain quadrangle, Bonneville, Madison, and Teton Counties, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, 1205, 122 p.
400. Stanley, W. D., Boehl, J. E., Bostick, F. X., and Smith, H. W., 1977, Geothermal significance of magnetotelluric sounding in the eastern Snake River Plain-Yellowstone region: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 82, p. 2501-2514.
401. Stearns, H. T., Bryan, L. L., and Crandall, Lynn, 1939, Geology and water resources of the Mud Lake region, Idaho, including the Island Park area: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 818, 124 p.
402. Stearns, H. T., Crandall, Lynn, Steward, W. G., 1938, Geology and groundwater resources of the Snake River Plain in southeastern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 774, 268 p.
403. Steven, T. A., and Lipman, P. W., 1976, Calderas of the San Juan volcanic field, southwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 958, 35 p.
404. Steven, T. A., and Ratté, J. C., 1965, Geology and structural control of ore deposition in the Creede district, San Juan Mountains, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 487, 90 p.
405. Stewart, J. H., 1967, Possible large right-lateral displacement along fault and shear zones in the Death Valley-Las Vegas area, California and Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 78, p. 131-142.
406. _ 1971, Basin and range structure; A system of horsts and grabens produced by deep-seated extension: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 82, p. 1019-1044.
407. _ 1978, Basin-range structure in western North America, in Smith, R. B., and Eaton, G. P., editors, Cenozoic tectonics and regional geophysics of the western Cordillera: Geological Society of America Memoir 152, p. 1-32.
408. Stewart, J. H., Albers, J. P., and Poole, F. G., 1968, Summary of regional evidence for right-lateral displacement in the western Great Basin: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 79, p. 1407-1413.
409. Stickney, M. C., and Bartholomew, M. J., 1987, Seismicity and late Quaternary faulting of the northern Basin and Range Province, Montana and Idaho: Seismological Society of America Bulletin, v. 77, p. 1602-1625.
410. Stillman, C. J., 1970, Structure and evolution of the northern ring complex, Nuanetsi Igneous Province, Rhodesia, in Newall, and Rast, N., eds., Mechanism of igneous intrusion: Geological Journal, special issue, p. 33-48.
411. Stock, J., and Molnar, P., 1988, Uncertainties and implications of the Late Cretaceous and Tertiary position of North America relative to the Farallon, Kula, and Pacific plates: Tectonics, v. 7, p. 1339-1384.
412. Stone, G. T., 1966, Petrology of Upper Cenozoic basalts of the western Snake River Plain, Idaho, in Abstracts for 1965: Geological Society of America Special Paper 87, p. 168.
413. _ 1967, Petrology of upper Cenozoic basalts of the western Snake River Plain, Idaho [Ph.D. thesis]: Boulder, University of Colorado, 392 p..
414. Struhsacker, D. W., 1978, Mixed basalt-rhyolite assemblages in Yellowstone National Park: The petrogenetic significance of magma mixing [M.S. thesis]: Missoula, University of Montana, 112 p.
415. Sturchio, N. C., Binz, C. M., and Lewis, C. H., III., 1987, Thorium-uranium disequilibrium in a geothermal discharge zone at Yellowstone: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, p. 2025-2034.
416. Sturchio, N. C., Pierce, K. L., Murrell, M. T., and Sorey, M. L., 1994, Uranium-series ages of travertine and timing of the last glaciation in the northern Yellowstone area: Quaternary Research, v. 41, p. 265-277.
417. Suppe, J., Powell, C., and Berry, R., 1975, Regional topography, seismicity, Quaternary volcanism, and the present-day tectonics of the Western United States: American Journal of Science, v. 275-A, p. 397-436.
418. Swineford, A., and Frye, J. C., 1946, Petrographic comparison of Pliocene and Pleistocene volcanic ash from western Kansas: Kansas University Publications, State Geological Survey of Kansas Bulletin 64, p. 1-32.
419. Thornbury, W. D., 1965, Regional geomorphology of the United States: New York, Wiley, 609 p.
420. Tilley, C. E., and Thompson, R. N., 1970, Melting and crystallization relations of the Snake River Basalts of southern Idaho, U.S.A.: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 8, p. 79-92.
421. Trimble, A. B., and Smith, R. B., 1975, Seismicity and contemporary tectonics of the Hebgen Lake-Yellowstone Park region: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 80, p. 733-741.
422. Trimble, D. E., 1976, Geology of the Michaud and Pocatello quadrangles, Bannock and Power Counties, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1400, 88 p.
423. _ 1982, Geologic map of the Yandell Springs quadrangle, Bannock and Bingham Counties, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map GQ-1553, 1:62,500.
424. Trimble, D. E., and Carr, W. J., 1976, Geology of the Rockland and Arbon quadrangles, Power County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1399, 115 p.
425. Truesdell, A. H., Nathenson, M., and Rye, R. O., 1977, The effects of subsurface boiling and dilution on the isotopic compositions of Yellowstone thermal waters: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 82, p. 3694-3704.
426. U.S. Geological Survey, 1964, The Hebgen Lake, Montana, earthquake of August 17, 1959: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 435, 242 p.
427. _ 1972, Geologic map of Yellowstone National Park: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-711, scale 1:125,000.
428. van Bemmelen, R. W., 1939, The volcano-tectonic origin of the Lake Toba (North Sumatra): De Ingenieur Nederlandsch-Indie, v. 6, pt. 4, p. 126-140.
429. Vasco, D. W., Smith, R. B., and Taylor, C. L., 1990, Inversion for sources of crustal deformation and gravity change at the Yellowstone caldera: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 95, p. B12, p. 19,839-19,856.
430. Victor, F. F., 1871, River of the West: Hartford, Conn., Columbian Book Co., 602 p.
431. Wager, L. R., and Brown, G. M., 1967, Layered igneous rocks: Edinburgh, Oliver and Boyd, 588 p.
432. Wager, L. R., and Mitchell, R. L., 1951, The distribution of trace elements during strong fractionation of basic magma - A further study of the Skaergaard intrusion, East Greenland: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 1, p. 129-208.
433. Waldrop, H. A., 1969, Late Quaternary faulting near Mirror Lake Yellowstone National Park, in Abstracts for 1968: Geological Society of America Special Paper 121, p. 643-644.
434. Walker, E. H., 1964, Subsurface geology of the National Reactor Testing Station: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1133-E, 22 p.
435. Walker, G. P. L., Self, S., and Froggatt, P. C., 1981, The ground layer of the Taupo Ignimbrite: A striking example of sedimentation from a pyroclastic flow: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 10, p. 1-11.
436. Walker, G. W., 1979 Revisions to the Cenozoic stratigraphy of Harney Basin, southeastern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1475, 35 p.
437. Waters, A. C., 1961, Stratigraphic and lithologic variations in the Columbia River Basalt: American Journal of Science, v. 259, p. 583-611.
438. Wentworth, C. K., and Williams, H., 1932, Classification and terminology of the pyroclastic rocks: National Research Council Bulletin 89, p. 19-53.
439. Wernicke, B. P., Cenozoic extensional tectonics of the western U.S. Cordillera, in Burchfiel, B. C., Lipman, P. W., and Zoback, M. L., eds., The Cordilleran orogen: Conterminous U.S.: Boulder, Colo., Geological Society of America, The Geology of North America, v. G-3, p. 553-581.
440. Wernicke, B. P., Axen, G. J., and Snow, J. K., 1988, Basin and Range extensional tectonics at the latitude of Las Vegas, Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 100, p. 1738-1757.
441. Wernicke, B. P., Christiansen, R. L., England, P. L., and Sonder, L. J., 1987, Tectonomagmatic evolution of Cenozoic extension in the North American Cordillera, in Coward, M. P., Dewey, J. F., and Hancock, P. L., eds., Continental extensional tectonics: Geological Society [London] Special Publication 28, p. 203-221.
442. Westaway, R., 1989, Deformation of the NE Basin and Range Province: The response of the lithosphere to the Yellowstone plume?: Geophysical Journal International, v. 99, p. 33-62.
443. White, D. E., 1957, Thermal waters of volcanic origin: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 68, p. 1637-1658.
444. _ 1968, Hydrology, activity, and heat flow of the Steamboat Springs thermal system, Washoe County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 458-C, 109 p.
445. _ 1969, Thermal and mineral waters of the United States - Brief review of possible origins: International Geological Congress, 23rd, Prague, 1968, v. 19, p. 269-286.
446. White, D. E., Fournier, R. O., Muffler, L. J. P., and Truesdell, A. H., 1975, Physical results of research drilling in thermal areas of Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 892, 70 p.
447. Wicks, C. W., Jr., Thatcher, W. R., and Dzurisin, D., 1998, Migration of fluids beneath Yellowstone caldera inferred from satellite radar interferometry: Science, v. 282, p. 458-462.
448. Wilcox, R. E., 1944, Rhyolite-basalt complex on Gardiner River, Yellowstone Park, Wyoming: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 55, p. 1047-1079.
449. _ 1965, Volcanic-ash chronology, in Wright, H. E., Jr., and Frey, D. G., eds., The Quaternary of the United States: Princeton, N. J., Princeton University Press, p. 807-816.
450. Williams, H., 1932, The history and character of volcanic domes: California University Publications, Department of Geological Sciences Bulletin, v. 21, p. 51-146.
451. _ 1941, Calderas and their origin: California University Publications, Department of Geological Sciences Bulletin, v. 25, p. 239-346.
452. _ 1942, Geology of Crater Lake National Park, Oregon, with a reconnaissance of the Cascade Range south to Mount Shasta: Carnegie Institution of Washington Publication 540, 162 p.
453. Williams, P. L., Covington, H. R., and Pierce, K. L., 1982, Cenozoic stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of the Raft River Basin, in Bonnichsen, B., and Breckenridge, R. M., eds., Cenozoic geology of Idaho: Idaho Bureau of Mines and Geology Bulletin 26, p. 491-504.
454. Wilson, C. J. N., Rogan, A. M., Smith, I. E. U., Northey, D. J., Nairn, I. A., and Houghton, B. F., 1984, Caldera volcanism of the Taupo volcanic zone, New Zealand: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 89, p. 8463-8484.
455. Wilson, C. W., Jr., 1934, Thrust fault near Gardiner, Montana: Journal of Geology, v. 42, p. 649-663.
456. Wilson, J. T., 1963, Evidence from islands on the spreading of the ocean floor: Nature, v. 197, p. 536-538.
457. Wisser, E. H., 1960, Relation of ore deposition to doming in the North American Cordillera: Geological Society of America Memoir 77, 117 p.
458. Witkind, I. J., 1964, Reactivated faults north of Hebgen Lake: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 435-G p. 37-50.
459. _ 1969, Geology of the Tepee Creek quadrangle, Montana-Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 609 101 p.
460. _ 1972, Geologic map of the Henrys Lake quadrangle, Idaho and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-781A, 1:62,500.
461. _ 1975a, Preliminary map showing known and suspected active faults in Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 75-278, scale 1:500,000.
462. _ 1975b, Preliminary map showing known and suspected active faults in Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 75-279, scale 1:500,000.
463. _ 1975c, Preliminary map showing known and suspected active faults in Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-file Report 75-285, scale 1:500,000.
464. Yoder, H. S., Jr., 1971, Contemporaneous rhyolite and basalt: Carnegie Institution of Washington, Yearbook 69, p. 141-145.
465. _ 1973, Contemporaneous basaltic and rhyolitic magmas: American Mineralogist, v. 58, p. 153-171.
466. Zoback, M. L., 1983, Structure and Cenozoic tectonism along the Wasatch fault zone, Utah, in Miller, D. M., Todd, V. R., and Howard, K. A., eds., Tectonic and stratigraphic studies in the eastern Great Basin: Geological Society of America Memoir 157, p. 3-27.
467. _ 1989, State of stress and modem deformation of the northern Basin and Range province: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 94, p. 7105-7128.
468. Zoback, M. L., Anderson, R. E., and Thompson, G. A., 1981, Cainozoic evolution of the state of stress and style of tectonism of the Basin and Range province of the western United States: Royal Society of London Philosophical Transactions, Series A, v. 300, p. 407-434.
469. Zoback, M. L., McKee, E. H., Blakely, R. J., and Thompson, G. A., 1994, The northern Nevada rift: Regional tectonomagmatic relations and middle Miocene stress directions: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 106, p. 371-382.
470. Zoback, M. L., and Thompson, G. A., 1978, Basin and Range rifting in northern Nevada: Clues from a mid-Miocene rift and its subsequent offsets: Geology, v. 6, p. 111-116.
471. Zoback, M. L., and Zoback, M. D., 1989, Tectonic stress field in the continental United States, in Pakiser, L. C., and Mooney, W. D., Geophysical framework of the continental United States: Geological Society of America Memoir 172, p. 523-539.