Enhanced field emission from multi-walled carbon nanotubes grown on pure copper substrate

Carbon

Volumn 48, Issue 5, 2010, Pages 1531-1538

  Lahiri, Indranil ^a   Seelaboyina, Raghunandan ^a   Hwang, Jun Y ^b   Banerjee, Raj ^b   Choi, Wonbong ^a  

^a The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONDUCTING PHASE; CONTACT BARRIER; CU SUBSTRATE; ENHANCED FIELD EMISSION; FIELD EMITTER; FIELD-EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS; HIGH EMISSION CURRENT; HIGH-FIELD; HIGH-RESOLUTION TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPES; PURE COPPER; THERMAL CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION; TIME STABILITY; TURN-ON FIELD;

CARBON NANOTUBES; ELECTRON MICROSCOPES; MULTIWALLED CARBON NANOTUBES (MWCN); PHASE INTERFACES; TITANIUM CARBIDE; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY;

FIELD EMISSION;

EID: 75749154338     PISSN: 00086223     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2009.11.064     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Charbonnier F.M., Barbour J., Garett L.F., and Dyke W.P. Basic and applied studies of field emission at microwave frequencies. Proc of IEEE 51 7 (1963) 991-1004
2. Charbonnier F.M. Developing and using the field emitter as a high intensity electron source. Appl Surf Sci 94/95 (1996) 26-43
3. de Jonge N., Lamy Y., Schoots K., and Oosterkamp T.H. High brightness electron beam from a multi-walled carbon nanotube. Nature 420 (2002) 393-395
4. Zhang J., Yang G., Cheng Y., Gao B., Qiu Q., Lee Y.Z., et al. Stationary scanning x-ray source based on carbon nanotube field emitters. Appl Phys Lett 86 (2005) 184104-1-184104-3
5. Teo K.B.K., Minoux E., Hudanski L., Peauger F., Schnell J.P., Gangloff L., et al. Microwave devices - carbon nanotubes as cold cathodes. Nature 437 (2005) 968
6. Choi W.B., Chung D.S., Kang J.H., Kim H.Y., Jin Y.W., Han I.T., et al. Fully sealed high-brightness carbon nanotube field emission display. Appl Phys Lett 75 20 (1999) 3129-3231
7. Wang Q.H., Setlur A.A., Lauerhaas J.M., Dai J.Y., Seelig E.W., and Chang R.P.H. A nanotube-based field-emission flat panel display. Appl Phys Lett 72 22 (1998) 2912-2913
8. de Heer W.A., Chatelain A., and Ugarte D. A carbon nanotube field-emission electron source. Science 270 (1995) 1179-1180
9. Collins P.G., and Zettl A. A simple and robust electron beam source from carbon nanotubes. Appl Phys Lett 69 13 (1996) 1969-1971
10. Dai H. Carbon nanotubes: synthesis, integration and properties. Accounts Chem Res 35 12 (2002) 1035-1044
11. Lan C., Srisungsitthisunt P., Amama P.B., Fisher T.S., Xu X., and Reifenberger R.G. Measurement of metal/carbon nanotube contact resistance by adjusting contact length using laser ablation. Nanotechnology 19 (2008) 125703
12. Talapatra S., Kar S., Pal S.K., Vajtai R., Ci L., Victor P., et al. Direct growth of aligned carbon nanotubes on bulk metals. Nat Nanotechnol 1 (2006) 112-116
13. Li J., Zheng W., Gu C., Jin Z., Zhao Y., Mei X., et al. Field emission enhancement of amorphous carbon films by nitrogen-implantation. Carbon 42 11 (2004) 2309-2314
14. Gupta S., Weiner B.R., and Morell G. Electron field emission properties of microcrystalline and nanocrystalline carbon thin films deposited by S-assisted hot filament CVD. Diamond Relat Mater 11 3-6 (2002) 799-803
15. Ahmed S.F., Mitra M.K., and Chattopadhyay K.K. Low-macroscopic field emission from silicon-incorporated diamond-like carbon film synthesized by dc PECVD. Appl Surf Sci 253 12 (2007) 5480-5484
16. Wang L., Wang X., Wang L., and Zhang L. Field emission characteristics of nano-structured carbon films deposited on differently pretreated Mo films. Appl Surf Sci 255 5(2) (2008) 3257-3262
17. Gonzalez-Berrios A., Huang D., Medina-Emmanuelli N.M., Kristian K.E., Ortiz O.O., Gonzalez J.A., et al. Effects of heavy-ion radiation on the electron field emission properties of sulphur-doped nanocomposite films. Diamond Relat Mater 13 2 (2004) 221-225
18. Xie W.G., Chen J., Chen J., Deng S.Z., She J.C., and Xu N.S. Effect of hydrogen treatment on the field emission of amorphous carbon films. J Appl Phys 101 (2007) 084315
19. Deng J., Zhang L., Zhang B., Yao N., and Fang L. Field emission from metal-coated nanocrystalline graphitic films. J Vac Sci Tech B 25 2 (2007) 536-539
20. Kim D., Lim S.H., Guiley A.J., Cojocaru C.S., Bouree J.E., Vila L., et al. Growth of vertically aligned arrays of carbon nanotubes for high field emission. Thin Solid Films 516 (2008) 706-709
21. Yin X., Wang Q., Lou C., Zhang X., and Lei W. Growth of multi-walled CNTs emitters on an oxygen-free copper substrate by chemical-vapor deposition. Appl Surf Sci 254 (2008) 6633-6636
22. Seelaboyina R., Huang J., and Choi W.B. Enhanced field emission of thin multiwall carbon nanotubes by electron multiplication from microchannel plate. Appl Phys Lett 88 (2006) 194104-1-194104-3
23. Seelaboyina R., Bodepalli S., Noh K., Leon M., and Choi W.B. Enhanced field emission from aligned multistage carbon nanotube emitter arrays. Nanotechnology 19 (2008) 065605-1-065605-4
24. Dubosc M., Casimirius S., Besland M.P., Cardinaud C., Granier A., Duvail J.L., et al. Impact of the Cu-based substrates and catalyst deposition techniques on carbon nanotube growth at low temperature by PECVD. Microelectron Eng 84 (2007) 2501-2505
25. Matsuda Y., Deng W.Q., and Goddard III W.A. Contact resistance properties between nanotubes and various metals from quantum mechanics. J Phys Chem C 111 (2007) 11113-11116
26. Zhang J., Wang X., Yang W., Yu W., Feng T., Li Q., et al. Interaction between carbon nanotubes and substrate and its implication in field emission mechanism. Carbon 44 (2006) 418-422
27. Bonard J.M., Klinke C., Dean K.A., and Coll B.F. Degradation and failure of carbon nanotube field emitters. Phys Rev B 67 (2003) 115406
28. Chen Z., Zhang Q., Lan P., Zhu B., Yu T., Cao G., et al. Ultrahigh-current field emission from sandwich-grown well-aligned uniform multi-walled carbon nanotube arrays with high adherence strength. Nanotechnology 18 6 (2007) 265702
29. Okamoto H. Cu-Ti (copper-titanium). J Phase Equilibria 23 6 (2002) 549-550
30. Jiang Q., Wang Y.W., and Li J.C. Thermodynamics of formation of carbon nanotubes catalyzed by nickel. Appl Surf Sci 152 (1999) 156-160
31. Antunes E.F., Lobo A.O., Corat E.J., Trava-Airoldi V.J., Martin A.A., and Veríssimo C. Comparative study of first- and second-order Raman spectra of MWCNT at visible and infrared laser excitation. Carbon 44 (2006) 2202-2211
32. Ikuno T., Honda S.I., Furuta H., Aoki K., Hirao T., Oura K., et al. Correlation between field electron emission and structural properties in randomly and vertically oriented carbon nanotube films. Jpn J Appl Phys 44 (2005) 1655-1660
33. Bonard J.M., Kind H., Stöckli T., and Nilsson L.O. Filed emission from carbon nanotubes: the first five years. Solid State Electron 45 (2001) 893-914
34. Minoux E., Groening O., Teo K.B.K., Dalal S.H., Gangloff L., Schnell J.P., et al. Achieving high-current carbon nanotube emitters. Nano Lett 5 11 (2005) 2135-2138
35. x coating. J Appl Phys 100 (2006) 104303-1-104303-7
36. Cutler P.H., Miskovsky N.M., Lerner P.B., and Chung M.S. The use of internal field emission to inject electronic charge carriers into the conduction band of diamond films: a review. Appl Surf Sci 146 (1999) 126-133
37. Xu N.S., Latham R.V., and Tzeng Y. Field-dependence of the area-density of cold electron emission sites on broad-area CVD diamond films. Electron Lett 29 18 (1993) 1596-1597
38. Satyanarayana B.S., Hart A., Milne W.I., and Robertson J. Field emission from tetrahedral amorphous carbon. Appl Phys Lett 71 10 (1997) 1430-1432
39. Lee C.J., Park J., Kang S.Y., and Lee J.H. Growth and field electron emission of vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes. Chem Phys Lett 326 (2000) 175-180
40. Ikuno T., Yamamoto T., Kamizono M., Takahashi S., Furuta H., Honda S.I., et al. Large field emission from carbon nanotubes grown on patterned catalyst thin film by thermal chemical vapor deposition. Physica B 323 (2002) 171-173
41. Chhoker S., Arora S.K., Srivastava P., and Vankar V.D. Electron field emission from graphitic nanoflakes grown over vertically aligned carbon nanotubes. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 8 8 (2008) 4309-4313
42. Chen T., Wang L.L., Chen Y.W., Que W.X., and Sun Z. Field emission properties of carbon nanotubes film grown on NiCr alloy films. Appl Surf Sci 253 17 (2007) 7046-7049
43. Furuta H., Ikuno T., Shikina N., Honda S., Hirao T., and Oura K. Ni-based catalytic growth of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes by dual-RF plasma CVD method and their field emission properties. Phys B Condens Matter 323 (2002) 299-302
44. Kumar M., Okazaki T., Hiramatsu M., and Ando Y. The use of camphor-grown carbon nanotube array as an efficient field emitter. Carbon 45 (2007) 1899-1904
45. Musatov A.L., Kiselev N.A., Zakharov D.N., Kukovitskii E.F., Zhbanov A.I., Israel' yants K.R., et al. Field electron emission from nanotube carbon layers grown by CVD process. Appl Surf Sci 183 (2001) 111-119
46. Milne W.I., Teo K.B.K., Chhowalla M., Amaratunga G.A.J., Pribat D., Legagneux P., et al. Electron emission from arrays of carbon nanotubes/fibres. Curr Appl Phys 2 (2002) 509-513
47. Rossi M.C., Salvatori S., Ascarelli P., Cappelli E., and Orlando S. Effect of nanostructure and back contact material on the field emission properties of carbon films. Diamond Relat Mater 11 (2002) 819-823
48. Huang C.J., Chih Y.K., Hwang J., Lee A.P., and Kou C.S. Field emission from amorphous-carbon nanotips on copper. J Appl Phys 94 10 (2003) 6796-6800
49. Chen Z., den E.D., Bachmann P.K., van E.V., Koehler I., Merikhi J., et al. High emission current density microwave-plasma-grown carbon nanotube arrays by post depositional radio-frequency oxygen plasma treatment. Appl Phys Lett 87 (2005) 243104-1-243104-3
50. Ikuno T., Honda S.I., Furuta H., Aoki K., Ohkura S., Katayama M., et al. Correlation between field electron emission and structural properties in randomly and vertically oriented carbon nanotube films. Jpn J Appl Phys 44 4A (2005) 1655-1660
51. Kim D.Y., Yoo J.B., Han I.T., Kim H.J., Kim H.J., Jung J.E., et al. The density control of carbon nanotubes using spin-coated nanoparticle and its application to the electron emitter with triode structure. Diamond Relat Mater 14 (2005) 2084-2088
52. Kiselev N.A., Musatov A.L., Kukovitskii E.F., Hutchison J.L., Zhigalina O.M., Artemov V.V., et al. Influence of electric field and emission current on the configuration of nanotubes in carbon nanotube layers. Carbon 43 (2005) 3112-3123
53. Wong Y.M., Kang W.P., Davidson J.L., Choi B.K., Hofmeister W., and Huang J.H. Array geometry, size and spacing effects on field emission characteristics of aligned carbon nanotubes. Diamond Relat Mater 14 (2005) 2078-2083
54. Wong Y.M., Wei S., Kang W.P., Davidson J.L., Hofmeister W., Huang J.H., et al. Carbon nanotubes field emission devices grown by thermal CVD with palladium as catalysts. Diamond Relat Mater 13 (2004) 2105-2112
55. Lyth S.M., Oyeleye F., Curry R.J., Davis J., and Silva S.R.P. Field emission from multiwall carbon nanotubes prepared by electrodeposition without the use of a dispersant. J Vac Sci Tech B 24 3 (2006) 1362-1364
56. Jung S.M., Jung H.Y., and Suh J.S. Horizontally aligned carbon nanotube field emitters having a long term stability. Carbon 42 (2007) 2917-2921
57. Siegal M.P., Miller P.A., Provencio P.P., and Tallant D.R. Controlled growth of carbon nanotube films for high-current field emission. Diamond Relat Mater 16 (2007) 1793-1798
58. Guo P.S., Chen T., Chen Y.W., Zhang Z.J., Feng T., Wang L.L., et al. Fabrication of field emission display prototype utilizing printed carbon nanotubes/nanofibers emitters. Solid State Electron 52 6 (2008) 877-881
59. Jung H.Y., Jung S.M., and Suh J.S. Horizontally aligned single-walled carbon nanotube field emitters fabricated on vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube electrode arrays. Carbon 46 (2008) 1345-1349
60. Kyung S.J., Park J.B., Park B.J., Lee J.H., and Yeom G.Y. Improvement of electron field emission from carbon nanotubes by Ar neutral beam treatment. Carbon 46 (2008) 1316-1321
61. Jiang J., Feng T., Cheng X.H., Dai L.J., Cao G.B., Zhang J.H., et al. Growth and field emission of coiled nanotubes by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Mater Lett 60 (2006) 1085-1088
62. Sung W.Y., Ok J.G., Kim W.J., Lee S.M., Yeon S.C., Lee H.Y., et al. Synthesis and field emission characteristics of carbon nanocoils with a high aspect ratio supported by copper micro-tips. Nanotechnology 18 (2007) 245603
63. Pan L., Hayashida T., Zhang M., and Nakayama Y. Field emission properties of carbon tubule nanocoils. Jpn J Appl Phys 40 (2001) L235-L237
64. Wei Y., Ciw C., Dean K.A., and Coll B.F. Stability of carbon nanotubes under electric field studies by scanning electron microscopy. Appl Phys Lett 79 (2001) 4527-4529