The use of the psychological contract to explain turnover intentions in the hospitality industry: A research study on the impact of gender on the turnover intentions of highly educated employees

International Journal of Human Resource Management

Volumn 21, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 144-162

  Blomme, R J ^a   van Rheede, A ^b   Tromp, D M ^b  

^a Business University Nyenrode   (Netherlands)

^b Hotelschool The Hague ^*  (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Affective commitment; Gender; Job content; Psychological contract; Turnover intentions

Indexed keywords

EID: 75749115917     PISSN: 09585192     EISSN: 14664399     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/09585190903466954     Document Type: Article

References (83)

1. Anderson, N., and Schalk, R. (1998), 'The Psychological Contract in Retrospect and Prospect', Journal of Organizational Behavior, 19, 637-647.
2. Barney, J.B.(1986),'Organizational Culture: Can it be a Source of Sustained Competitive Advantage?' Academy of Management Review, 11, 791-800.
3. Barney, J.B.(1991),'Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage', Journal of Management, 17, 99-120.
4. Barney, J.B. (1992), 'Integrating Organizational Behavior and Strategy Formulation Research: A Resource-based Analysis', in Advances in Strategic Management 8, eds. P. Shrivastava, A. Huff and J. Dutton, Greenwich, CT: JAI, pp. 39-61.
5. Baron, R.M., and Kenny, D.A. (1986), 'The Moderator-mediator Variable Distinction on Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic and Statistical Considerations', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 1173-1182.
6. Bem, S.L. (1981), 'Gender Schema Theory: A Cognitive Account of Sex-typing', Psychological Review, 88, 354-364.
7. Blomme, R.J. (2003), 'Alignement: een studie naar organiseerprocessen en alignement tussen individuele en Organisatiecompetenties', PhD thesis, Utrecht University, Faculty of Social Sciences. Groningen: Gopher Publishers.
8. Blomme, R.J. (2006), 'Eindrapportage Associate Degree', The Hague: Hotelschool The Hague.
9. Booth, S., and Hamer, K. (2006), 'Labor Turnover in the Retail Industry: Predicting the Role of Individual, Organizational and Environmental Factors', International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 35, 4, 289-307.
10. Charlesworth, S. (1994), Productivity in the Hospitality Industry: A Consultative Approach to the Development of Performance Indicators, Canberra, Australia: Commonwealth department of Industrial Relations, Equal Pay Unit.
11. Coff, R.W. (1997), 'Human Assets and Management Dilemmas: Coping With Hazards on the Road to Resource-based Theory', Academy of Management Review, 22, 374-402.
12. Coyle-Shapiro, J.M-A. (2001), 'Managers: Caught in the Middle of a Psychological Contract Muddle', paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Washington, DC.
13. Craig, D.D., and Tetrick, L. (1999), 'Psychological Contracts and Temporary Workers: The Assumption of the Transactional Contract', presented at the Annual Meeting of the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Atlanta, GA.
14. Deery, M.A., and Shaw, R.N. (1999), 'An Investigation of the Relationship between Employee Turnover and Organizational Culture', Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 23, 4, 387-400.
15. Frone, M.R., Yardley, J.K., and Markel, K.S. (1997), 'Developing and Testing an Integrative Model of the Work-family Interface', Journal of Vocational Behavior, 50, 145-167.
16. Gaspersz, J., and Ott, M. (1996), Management van Employability, Assen: Van Gorcum/Stichting Management Studies.
17. Guest, D.E.(1998),'Is the Psychological Contract Worth Taking Seriously?' Journal of Organizational Behavior, 19, 649-664.
18. Hall, D.T., and Mirvis, P.H. (1995), 'Careers as Lifelong Learning', in The Changing Nature of Work, ed. A. Howard, San Fransisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, pp. 323-361.
19. Hall, D.T., and Richter, J. (1990), 'Career Gridlock: Baby Boomers Hit the Wall', Academy of Management Executive, 4, 3, 7-22.
20. Hall, E.J. (1993), 'Smiling Deferring, and Flirting', Work and Occupations, 20, 4, 452-471.
21. Hammer, L.B., Allen, E., and Grigsby, T.D. (1997), 'Work-family Conflict in Dual Earner Couples: Within Individual and Crossover Effects of Work and Family', Journal of Vocational Behavior, 50,185-203.
22. Hanappi-Egger, E. (2006), 'Gender and Diversity from a Management Perspective: Synonyms or Complements?' Journal of Organisational Transformation and Social Change, 3, 2, 121-134.
23. Hancer, M., and George Thomas, R. (2003), 'Psychological Empowerment of Non-supervisory Employees Working in Full-service Restaurants', International Journal of Hospitality Management, 22, 1, 3-16.
24. Harris, L. (1995), Women: The New Providers, New York: Families and Work Institute.
25. Herriot, P., Manning, W.E.G., and Kidd, J.M. (1997), 'The Content of the Psychological Contract', British Journal of Management, 8, 151-162.
26. Herriot, P., and Pemberton, C. (1996), 'Contracting Careers', Human Relations, 549, 757-790.
27. Hillmer, S., Hillmer, B., and McRoberts, G. (2005), 'De echte kosten van personeelsverloop: lessen van een Callcenter', Human Resource Select, 1, 19-30.
28. Hiltrop, J.M.(1996),'Het veranderde psychologisch contract: HR-functie staat voor grote uitdaging', HRM-Select, 8, 31-47.
29. Hinkin, T., and Tracey, B.(2000),'The Cost of Turnover', Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Adminstration Quarterly, 14, 14-21.
30. Hojgaard, L. (1997), 'Working Fathers; Caught in a Web of the Symbolic Order of Gender', Acta Sociologica, 40, 245-261.
31. Hoque, K. (1999a), 'New Approaches to HRM in the UK Hotel Industry', Human Resource Management Journal, 9, 64-76.
32. Hoque, K. (1999b), 'Human Resource Management and Performance in UK Hotel Industry', British Journal of Industrial Relations, 37, 3, 419-443.
33. Lado, A.A., and Wilson, M.C. (1994), 'Human Resource Systems and Competitive Advantage: A Competency-based Perspective', Academy of Management Review, 18, 4, 699-727.
34. Laws, J.L. (1979), The Second X: Sex Role and Social Role, New York: Elsevier.
35. Leidner, R. (1991), 'Serving Hamburger and Selling Insurance: Gender, Work, and Identity in Interactive Service Jobs', Gender and Society, 5, 2, 154-177.
36. Lester, S.W., Turnley, W.H., Bloodgood, J.M., and Bolino, M.C. (2002), 'Not Seeing Eye to Eye: Differences in Supervisor and Subordinate Perceptions and Attributions for Psychological Contract Breach', Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23, 39-56.
37. Lewis, S. (1996), 'Rethinking Employment: An Organizational Culture Change Framework', in The Work Family Challenge, eds. S. Lewis and L. Larwood, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, pp. 1-19.
38. Lewis, S. (1997), 'Family Friendly Policies: A Routine to Organizational Change or Playing About the Margins', Gender, Work and Organization, 4, 13-23.
39. Lucas, R., and Deery, M. (2004), 'Significant Developments and Emerging Issues in Human Resource Development', Hospitality Management, 23, 459-472.
40. Lyness, K.S., and Thompson, D.E. (1997), 'Above the Glass Ceiling? A Comparison of Matched Samples of Female and Male Executives', Journal of Applied Psychology, 82, 359-375.
41. McGunnicle, P., and Jameson, S. (2000), 'HRM in UK Hotels: A Focus on Commitment', Employee Relations, 22, 4, 403-422.
42. Melamed, T. (1995), 'Career Success: The Moderating Effect of Gender', Journal of Vocational Behaviour, 47, 35-60.
43. Melamed, T. (1996), 'An Assessment of a Gender-specific Model', Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 69, 217-242.
44. Meyer, J.P., and Allen, N.J. (1997), Commitment in the Workplace: Theory, Research and Application, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
45. Meyer, J.P., Stanley, D.J., Herscovitch, L., and Topolnytsky, L. (2002), 'Affective, Continuance, and Normative Commitment to the Organization: A Meta-analysis of Antecedents, Correlates and Consequences', Journal of Vocational Behavior, 61, 20-52.
46. Mills, A. (1997), 'Gender, Bureaucracy, and the Business Curriculum', Journal of Management Education, 21, 3, 325-342.
47. Millward, L.J., and Hopkins, L.J.(1998),'Psychological Contracts, Organizational and Job Commitment', Journal of Applied Psychology, 28, 16, 1530-1556.
48. Morris, B. (1995), 'Executive Women Confront Midlife Crisis', Fortune, 18 September, 60-68.
49. Netemeyer, R.G., Boles, J.S., and McMurrian, R. (1996), 'Development and Validation of Work- family Conflict and Family-work Conflict Scales', Journal of Applied Psychology, 81, 400-410
50. Pleck, J.H. (1977), 'The Work-family System', Social Problems, 24, 4, 417-427.
51. Reed, R., and DeFillippi, R. (1990), 'Causal Ambiguity, Barriers to Imitation, and Sustainable Competitive Advantage', Academy of Management Review, 15, 88-102.
52. Reijnders, R. (2003), In, door en uitstroom van werknemers in de horeca, Zoetermeer: Bedrijfschap voor Horeca en Catering
53. Riley, M. (1991), Human Resource Management: A Guide to Personnel Practice in Hotel and Catering Industries, Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann
54. Robinson, S.L. (1996), 'Trust and Breach of the Psychological Contract', Administrative Science Quarterly, 41, 574-559.
55. Robinson, S.L., and Morrison, E.W. (2000), 'The Development of the Psychological Contract Breach and Violation: A Longitudinal Study', Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21, 525-546.
56. Robinson, S.L., and Rousseau, D.M. (1994), 'Violating the Psychological Contract: Not the Expectation but the Norm', Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15, 245-259.
57. Roehling, M.V., Cavanaugh, M.A., Moynihan, L.M., and Boswell, W.R. (2000), 'The Nature of the New Employment Relationship: A Content Analysis of the Practitioner and Academic Literatures', Human Resource Management, 39, 305-320.
58. Rosin, H.M., and Korabik, K. (1995), 'Organizational Experiences and Propensity to Leave: A Multivariate Investigation of Men and Women Managers', Journal of Vocational Behavior, 46, 317-330.
59. Rousseau, D.M.(1989),'Psychological and Implied Contracts in Organizations', Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 2, 121-139.
60. Rousseau, D.M. (1990), 'New Hire Perceptions of their Own and their Employer's Obligations: A Study of Psychological Contracts', Journal of Organizational Behavior, 11, 389-400.
61. Rousseau, D.M. (1995), Psychological Contracts in Organizations: Understanding Written and Unwritten Agreements, Thousand Oaks, CA and London: Sage.
62. Sanchez, R., and Heene, A. (1996), Strategic Learning and Knowledge Management, Chichester: John Wiley and Sons.
63. Sanchez, R., and Heene, A. (1997), 'Reinventing Strategic Management: New theory and Practice for Competence-based Competition', European Management Journal, 13, 3, 303-317.
64. Schalk, R. (2005), 'Changes in the Employment Relationship Across Time', in The Employment Relationship: Examining Psychological and Contextual Perspectives, eds. J.A.-M. Coyle- Shapiro, L.M. Shore, M.S. Taylor and L.E. Tetrick, Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 284-311
65. Schalk, R., Freese, C., and Van den Bosch, J. (1995), 'Het psychologische contract van parttimers en fulltimers: Een onderzoek naar de verwachtingen van werknemers over wederzijdse verplichtingen tussen organisatie en werknemer inde arbeidssituatie', Gedrag en Organisatie, 8, 307-318.
66. Schneer, J.A., and Reitman, F. (1990), 'Effects of Employment Gaps on the Careers of MBA's: More Damaging for Men than for Women?' Academy of Management Journal, 33, 391-406.
67. Schneer, J.A., and Reitman, F. (1995), 'The Impact of Gender as Managerial Careers Unfold', Journal of Vocational Behavior, 47, 290-315.
68. Shore, L.M., and Coyle-Shapiro, J.A.-M. (2003), 'New Developments in the Employee-organization Relationship', Journal of Organizational Behavior, 24, 443-450.
69. Shore, L.M., and Tetrick, L.E. (1994), 'The Psychological Contract as an Explanatory Framework in the Employment Relationship', in Trends in Organizational Behavior, eds. C.L Cooper and D.M. Rousseau, New York: Wiley, pp. 91-109
70. Sims, R.R. (1994), 'Human Resource Management's Role in Clarifying the New Psychological Contract', Human Resource Management, 33, 373-382.
71. Stroh, L.K., Brett, J.M., and Reilly, A.H. (1992), 'All the Right Stuff: A Comparison of Female and Male Career Patterns', Journal of Applied Psychology, 77, 251-260.
72. Stroh, L.K., Brett, J.M., and Reilly, A.H. (1996), 'Family Structure, Glass Ceiling, and Traditional Explanations for the Differential Rate of Turnover of Female and Male Managers', Journal of Vocational Behavior, 49, 99-118.
73. Tekleab, A.G., and Taylor, M.S. (2001), 'Aren't Two Parties in an Employment Relationship? Antecedents and Consequences of Organization - Employee Agreement on Contract Obligations and Violations', paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Academy of Management, Washington, DC.
74. Tekleab, A.G., and Taylor, M.S. (2003), 'Easing the Pain: Determinants and Effects of Psychological Contract Violation', paper presented at the Annual Conference of the Academy of Management, Toronto
75. Ten Brink, B.E.H. (2004), 'Psychological Contract: A Useful Concept?' unpublished PhD thesis. Amsterdam: Kurt Lewin Instituut Vrije Universiteit.
76. Torka, N. (2003), 'Flexibel maar toch betrokken', PhD thesis, Twente University, Enschede.
77. Turnley, W.H., and Feldman, D.C. (1999), 'The Impact of Psychological Contract Violations on Exit, Voice, Loyalty and Neglect', Human Relations, 52, 7, 895-922.
78. Van Dijck, D. (1997), 'Vragenlijst psychologisch contract: Van flexibiliseren van de arbeid naar de ontwikkeling van een vragenlijst over het psychologisch contract', Master's thesis. Vrije Universiteit. Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit.
79. Walsh, K., and Taylor, M.S. (2007), 'Developing In-house Careers and Retaining Management Talent. What Hospitality Professionals Want from Their Jobs', Cornell and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 48, 2, 163-182.
80. Walton, R.E. (1985), 'From Control to Commitment in the Workplace', Harvard Business Review, 63,76-81.
81. Westwood, R., Sparrow, P., and Leung, A. (2001), 'Challenges to the Psychological Contract in Hong Kong', International Journal of Human Resource Management, 12, 4, 621-651.
82. Wheeler, A.R., Coleman Gallagher, V., Brouer, R.L., and Sablynski, C.J. (2007), 'When person-organization (mis)Fit and (dis)Satisfaction Lead to Turnover: The Moderating Role of Perceived Job Turnover', Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22, 2, 203-219.
83. Williams, K.J., and Alliger, G.M. (1994), 'Role Stressors, Mood Spillovers, and Perceptions of Work-family Conflict in Employed Parents', Academy of Management Journal, 37, 837-868.