Small cell lung cancer: Are we making progress?

American Journal of the Medical Sciences

Volumn 339, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 68-76

  Dowell, Jonathan E ^a,b  

^a Hematology/Oncology   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SOUTHWESTERN MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Chemotherapy; Radiation therapy; Small cell lung cancer

Indexed keywords

AMRUBICIN; BEVACIZUMAB; BIRICODAR; CD56 ANTIGEN; CEDIRANIB; DASATINIB; EVEROLIMUS; GEFITINIB; IMATINIB; ISOSORBIDE; MARIMASTAT; N (5 CHLORO 1,3 BENZODIOXOL 4 YL) 7 [2 (4 METHYL 1 PIPERAZINYL)ETHOXY] 5 (TETRAHYDRO 2H PYRAN 4 YLOXY) 4 QUINAZOLINAMINE; OBATOCLAX; OBLIMERSEN; POMALIDOMIDE; PROTEIN BCL 2; PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE; SORAFENIB; TANOMASTAT; TEMSIROLIMUS; THALIDOMIDE; TIPIFARNIB; TOPOTECAN; VANDETANIB;

ANTIGEN EXPRESSION; ASTHENIA; BRAIN METASTASIS; CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER RESISTANCE; CANCER STAGING; CANCER SURGERY; CANCER SURVIVAL; CARDIOTOXICITY; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG MECHANISM; HISTOLOGY; HUMAN; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; LUNG SMALL CELL CANCER; METASTASIS; MICROSCOPY; NEUTROPENIA; PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROME; PROGNOSIS; PROGRESSION FREE SURVIVAL; PROPHYLAXIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REVIEW; SKULL IRRADIATION; SMOKING; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 75449114226     PISSN: 00029629     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MAJ.0b013e3181bccef5     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Einhorn LH, Bond WH, Hornback N, et al. Long-term results in combined-modality treatment of small cell carcinoma of the lung. Semin Oncol 1978;5:309-313 (Pubitemid 9033355)
2. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, et al. Cancer statistics 2008. CA Cancer J Clin 2008;58:71-96.
3. Govindan R, Page N, Morgensztern D, et al. Changing epidemiology of small-cell lung cancer in the United States over the last 30 years: analysis of the surveillance, epidemiologic, and end results database. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:4539-4544
4. Brownson RC, Chang JC, Davis JR. Gender and histologic type variations in smoking-related risk of lung cancer. Epidemiology 1992; 3:61-64
5. Wingo PA, Ries LA, Giovino GA, et al. Annual report to the nation on the status of cancer, 1973-1996, with a special section on lung cancer and tobacco smoking. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999;91:675-690
6. Stellman SD, Muscat JE, Thompson S, et al. Risk of squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung in relation to lifetime filter cigarette smoking. Cancer 1997;80:382-388
7. Janssen-Heijnen ML, Coebergh JW. The changing epidemiology of lung cancer in Europe. Lung Cancer 2003;41:245-258
8. Ettinger DS, Aisner J. Changing face of small-cell lung cancer: real and artifact. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:4526-4527
9. Sher T, Dy GK, Adjei AA. Small cell lung cancer. Mayo Clin Proc 2008;83:355-367
10. Hann CL, Rudin CM. Management of small-cell lung cancer: incremental changes but hope for the future. Oncology (Williston Park) 2008;22:1486-1492
11. Masters G. Clinical presentation of small cell lung cancer. In: Pass HI, Carbone DP, Johnson DH, et al, editors. Lung cancer principles and practice, 3rd ed. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2005. p. 304-314
12. Soni MK, Cella DF, Masters GA, et al. The validity and clinical utility of symptom monitoring in advanced lung cancer: a literature review. Clin Lung Cancer 2002;4:153-160
13. Richardson GE, Johnson BE. Paraneoplastic syndromes in lung cancer. Curr Opin Oncol 1992;4:323-333
14. Dropcho EJ. Update on paraneoplastic syndromes. Curr Opin Neurol 2005;18:331-336
15. Erlington GN, Murray NM, Spiro SG, et al. Neurological paraneoplastic disorders in patients with small cell lung cancer: a prospective survey of 150 patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1991;54:764-767
16. Franklin W, Chanin T, Gonzales A. Molecular and cellular pathology of lung cancer. In: Pass HI, Carbone DP, Johnson DH, et al, editors. Lung cancer principles and practice. 3rd ed. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2005. p. 231-260
17. Guinee DG Jr, Fishback NF, Koss MN, et al. The spectrum of immunohistochemical staining of small-cell lung carcinoma in specimens from transbronchial and open-lung biopsies. Am J Clin Pathol 1994;102:406-414
18. Junker K, Wiethege T, Muller KM. Pathology of small-cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2000;126:361-368
19. Yang YJ, Steele CT, Ou XL, et al. Diagnosis of high-grade pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma by fine-needle aspiration biopsy: nonsmallcell or small-cell type? Diagn Cytopathol 2001;25:292-300.
20. Zelen M. Keynote address on biostatistics and data retrieval. Cancer Chemother Rep 3 1973;4:31-42.
21. Fox W, Scadding JG. Medical Research Council comparative trial of surgery and radiotherapy for primary treatment of small-celled or oat-celled carcinoma of bronchus. Ten-year follow-up. Lancet 1973;2: 63-65
22. Lad T, Piantosi S, Thomas, P, et al. A prospective randomized trial to determine the benefit of surgical resection of residual disease following response of small cell lung cancer to combination chemotherapy. Chest 1994;106:320S-3S.
23. Brock MV, Hooker CM, Syphard JE, et al. Surgical resection of limited disease small cell lung cancer in the new era of platinum chemotherapy: its time has come. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005;129: 64-72.
24. Bischof M, Debus J, Herfarth K, et al. Surgery and chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer in stages I-II with or without radiotherapy. Strahlenther Onkol 2007;183:679-684
25. Lally BE, Urbanic JJ, Blacksock AW, et al. Small cell lung cancer: have we made any progress over the last 25 years? Oncologist 2007; 12:1096-1104
26. Socinski MA, Bogart JA. Limited-stage small-cell lung cancer: the current status of combined-modality therapy. J Clin Oncol 2007;25: 4137-4145
27. Pignon JP, Arriagada R, Ihde DC, et al. A meta-analysis of thoracic radiotherapy for small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 1992;327:1618-1624
28. Murray NS, Erridge S, Turrisi A. Multimodality therapy for limitedstage small cell lung cancer: combining chemotherapy and thoracic irradiation. In: Pass HI, Carbone DP, Johnson DH, et al, editors. Lung cancer principles and practice, 3rd ed. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2005. p. 674-691
29. Turrisi AT III, Kim K, Blum R, et al. Twice-daily compared with once-daily thoracic radiotherapy in limited small-cell lung cancer treated concurrently with cisplatin and etoposide. N Engl J Med 1999;340:265-271
30. Videtic GM, Stitt LW, Rashid Dar A, et al. Continued cigarette smoking by patients receiving concurrent chemoradiotherapy for lim- ited-stage small-cell lung cancer is associated with decreased survival. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:1544-1549
31. Novak J, Escobedo-Morse A, Kelley K, et al. Nicotine effects on proliferation and the bombesin-like peptide autocrine system in human small cell lung carcinoma SHP77 cells in culture. Lung Cancer 2000; 29:1-10.
32. Siemann DW, Hill RP, Bush RS. Smoking: the influence of carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) on tumor oxygenation and response to radiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1978;4:657-662
33. Kambam JR, Chen LH, Hyman SA. Effect of short-term smoking halt on carboxyhemoglobin levels and P50 values. Anesth Analg 1986;65:1186-1188
34. Grau C, Horsman MR, Overgaard J. Influence of carboxyhemoglobin level on tumor growth, blood flow, and radiation response in an experimental model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1992;22: 421-424
35. Lowenbraun S, Bartolucci A, Smalley RV, et al. The superiority of combination chemotherapy over single agent chemotherapy in small cell lung carcinoma. Cancer 1979;44:406-413
36. Sandler AB. Current management of small cell lung cancer. Semin Oncol 1997;24:463-476
37. Roth BJ, Johnson DH, Einhorn LH, et al. Randomized study of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine versus etoposide and cisplatin versus alternation of these two regimens in extensive smallcell lung cancer: a phase III trial of the Southeastern Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol 1992;10:282-291
38. Schiller JH, Adak S, Cella D, et al. Topotecan versus observation after cisplatin plus etoposide in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: E7593-a phase III trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:2114-2122
39. Natale RB, Lara PN, Chansky K, et al. A randomized phase III trial comparing irinotecan/cisplatin (IP) with etoposide/cisplatin (EP) in patients (pts) with previously untreated extensive stage small cell lung cancer (E-SCLC) [abstract 7512]. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:400S.
40. Hanna N, Bunn PA Jr, Langer C, et al. Randomized phase III trial comparing irinotecan/cisplatin with etoposide/cisplatin in patients with previously untreated extensive-stage disease small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:2038-2043
41. Heigener DF, Freitag L, Eschbach C, et al. Topetecan/cisplatin (TP) compared to cisplatin/etoposide (P) for patients with extensive disease small cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC): final results of a randomized phase III trial [abstract 7513]. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:400S.
42. Eckardt JR, von Pawel J, Papai Z, et al. Open-label, multicenter, randomized, phase III study comparing oral topotecan/cisplatin versus etoposide/cisplatin as treatment for chemotherapy-naive patients with extensive-disease small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:2044-2051
43. Socinski MA, Smit EF, Lorigan P, et al. Phase III study of pemetrexed plus carboplatin compared with etoposide plus carboplatin in chemotherapy-naive patients with extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer [abstract NSA]. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:4787-4792
44. Giaccone G, Ferrati P, Donadio M, et al. Reinduction chemotherapy in small cell lung cancer. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1987;23:1697-1699 (Pubitemid 18044647)
45. Postmus PE, Berendsen HH, van Zandwijk N, et al. Retreatment with the induction regimen in small cell lung cancer relapsing after an initial response to short-term chemotherapy. Eur J Cancer Clin Oncol 1987;23:1409-1411
46. Vincent MB, Evans B, Smith I. First-line chemotherapy rechallenge after relapse in small cell lung cancer. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1988;21:45-48 (Pubitemid 18050480)
47. Ardizzoni A, Hansen H, Dombernowsky P, et al. Topotecan, a new active drug in the second-line treatment of small-cell lung cancer: a phase II study in patients with refractory and sensitive disease. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Early Clinical Studies Group and New Drug Development Office, and the Lung Cancer Cooperative Group. J Clin Oncol 1997;15:2090-2096
48. von Pawel J, Schiller JH, Shepherd FA, et al. Topotecan versus cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine for the treatment of recurrent small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:658-667
49. Inoue A, Sugagawa S, Yamazaki K, et al. Randomized phase II trial comparing amrubicin with topotecan in patients with previously treated small-cell lung cancer: North Japan Lung Cancer Study Group Trial 0402. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:5401-5406
50. Ettinger DS, Jotte RM, Gupta V, et al. A phase II trial of single-agent amrubicin (AMR) in patients with extensive disease small cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC) that is refractory or progressive within 90 days of completion of first-line platinum-based chemotherapy [abstract 8041]. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:434S.
51. Pottgen CW, Eberhardt W, Stuschke M. Prophylactic cranial irradiation in lung cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2004;5:43-50.
52. Seute T, Leffers P, ten Velde GP, et al. Neurologic disorders in 432 consecutive patients with small cell lung carcinoma. Cancer 2004;100: 801-806
53. Nugent JL, Bunn PA Jr, Matthews MJ, et al. CNS metastases in small cell bronchogenic carcinoma: increasing frequency and changing pattern with lengthening survival. Cancer 1979;44:1885-1893
54. Auperin A, Arriagada R, Pignon JP, et al. Prophylactic cranial irradiation for patients with small-cell lung cancer in complete remission. Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation Overview Collaborative Group. N Engl J Med 1999;341:476-484
55. Slotman B, Faivre-Finn C, Kramer G, et al. Prophylactic cranial irradiation in extensive small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 2007;357: 664-672
56. Allen J, Jahanzeb M. Extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer: evolution of systemic therapy and future directions. Clin Lung Cancer 2008;9:262-270
57. Johnson BE, Rudin CM, Salgia R. Novel and targeted agents for small cell lung cancer. In: Govindan R, editor. American Society of Clinical Oncology 2008 Educational Book. Alexandria: American Society of Clinical Oncology; 2008. p. 363-367
58. Rossi A, Maione P, Palazzolo G, et al. New targeted therapies and small-cell lung cancer. Clin Lung Cancer 2008;9:271-279
59. Fossella FV, Tolcher A, Elliott M, et al. Phase I trial of the monoclonal antibody conjugate, BB-10901, for relapsed/refractory small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and other neuroendocrine (NE) tumors. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 2002;21:309a.
60. McCann J, Fossella FV, Villalona-Calero MA, et al. Phase II trial of huN901-DM1 in patients with relapsed small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and CD56-positive small cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2007;25 (suppl 18):690s.
61. Fossella FV, McCann J, Tolcher A, et al. Phase II trial of BB-10901 (huN901-DM1) given weekly for four consecutive weeks every 6 weeks in patients with relapsed SCLC and CD56-positive small cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2005;23 (suppl 16):660s.
62. Chong YP, Ia KK, Mulhern TD, et al. Endogenous and synthetic inhibitors of the Src-family protein tyrosine kinases. Biochim Biophys Acta 2005;1754:210-220
63. Mazurenko NN, Kogan EA, Zborovskaya IB, et al. Expression of pp60c-src in human small cell and non-small cell lung carcinomas. Eur J Cancer 1992;28:372-377
64. Johnson FM, Saigal B, Talpaz M, et al. Dasatinib (BMS-354825) tyrosine kinase inhibitor suppresses invasion and induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res 2005;11:6924-6932
65. Roelle S, Grosse R, Buech T, et al. Essential role of Pyk2 and Src kinase activation in neuropeptide-induced proliferation of small cell lung cancer cells. Oncogene 2008;27:1737-1748
66. Velcheti V, Govindan R. Hedgehog signaling pathway and lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2007;2:7-10.
67. Watkins DN, Peacock CD. Hedgehog signalling in foregut malignancy. Biochem Pharmacol 2004;68:1055-1060
68. Dowell JE, Minna JD. Small-cell lung cancer: translational research enroute to therapeutic advances. Oncology (Williston Park) 2008;22: 1493-1495
69. Watkins DN, Berman DM, Baylin SB. Hedgehog signaling: progenitor phenotype in small-cell lung cancer. Cell Cycle 2003;2:196-198
70. Watkins DN, Berman DM, Burkholder SG, et al. Hedgehog signalling within airway epithelial progenitors and in small-cell lung cancer. Nature 2003;422:313-317
71. Rubin LL, de Sauvage FJ. Targeting the Hedgehog pathway in cancer. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2006;5:1026-1033
72. Daniel VC, Peacock CD, Watkins DN. Developmental signalling pathways in lung cancer. Respirology 2006;11:234-240
73. Lorusso PM, Rudin CM, Borad MJ, et al. A first-in-human, first-inclass, phase (ph) I study of systemic Hedgehog (Hh) pathway antagonist, GDC-0449, in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2008;26 (suppl 15):157S.
74. Adams JM, Cory S. The Bcl-2 apoptotic switch in cancer development and therapy. Oncogene 2007;26:1324-1337
75. Rudin CM, Hann CL, Peacock CD, et al. Novel systemic therapies for small cell lung cancer. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2008;6:315-322
76. Ikegaki N, Katsumata M, Minna JD, et al. Expression of bcl-2 in small cell lung carcinoma cells. Cancer Res 1994;54:6-8.
77. Jiang SX, Sato Y, Kuwao S, et al. Expression of bcl-2 oncogene protein is prevalent in small cell lung carcinomas. J Pathol 1995;177:135-138
78. Zangemeister-Wittke U, Schenker T, Luedke GH, et al. Synergistic cytotoxicity of bcl-2 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides and etoposide, doxorubicin and cisplatin on small-cell lung cancer cell lines. Br J Cancer 1998;78:1035-1042
79. Hann CL, Daniel VC, Sugar EA, et al. Therapeutic efficacy of ABT-737, a selective inhibitor of BCL-2, in small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res 2008;68:2321-2328
80. Oltersdorf T, Elmore SW, Shoemaker AR, et al. An inhibitor of Bcl-2 family proteins induces regression of solid tumours. Nature 2005;435:677-681
81. Tahir SK, Yang X, Anderson MG, et al. Influence of Bcl-2 family members on the cellular response of small-cell lung cancer cell lines to ABT-737. Cancer Res 2007;67:1176-1183
82. Gaspar LE, Gay EG, Crawford J, et al. Limited-stage small-cell lung cancer (stages I-III): observations from the National Cancer Data Base. Clin Lung Cancer 2005;6:355-360