메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 11, 2009, Pages 2083-2096

Glial response and myelin clearance in areas of wallerian degeneration after spinal cord hemisection in the monkey macaca fascicularis

Author keywords

Astrocytes; Axons; Macaca fascicularis; Macrophages; Microglia; Monkey; Myelin; Spinal cord injury; Wallerian degeneration

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; ASTROCYTE; CONTROLLED STUDY; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MACACA; MACROPHAGE; MICROGLIA; MONKEY; MYELIN SHEATH; NERVE FIBER DEGENERATION; NEUROPATHOLOGY; NONHUMAN; SPINAL CORD HEMISECTION; SPINAL CORD INJURY;

EID: 75449113278     PISSN: 08977151     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/neu.2008.0706     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (19)

References (54)
  • 1
    • 0742306496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • "Anoikis" of oligodendrocytes induced by Wallerian degeneration: Ultrastructural observations
    • Abe, Y., Yamamoto, T., Sugiyama, Y., Watanabe, T., Saito, N., Kayama, H., and Kumagai, T. (2004). "Anoikis" of oligodendrocytes induced by Wallerian degeneration: ultrastructural observations. J. Neurotrauma 21, 119-124.
    • (2004) J. Neurotrauma , vol.21 , pp. 119-124
    • Abe, Y.1    Yamamoto, T.2    Sugiyama, Y.3    Watanabe, T.4    Saito, N.5    Kayama, H.6    Kumagai, T.7
  • 2
    • 0024450419 scopus 로고
    • Rapid degeneration of glial cells during early Wallerian degeneration in the neonatal kitten spinal cord
    • Aldskogius, H. and Arvidsson, J. (1989). Rapid degeneration of glial cells during early Wallerian degeneration in the neonatal kitten spinal cord. J. Hirnforsch. 30, 489-493.
    • (1989) J. Hirnforsch. , vol.30 , pp. 489-493
    • Aldskogius, H.1    Arvidsson, J.2
  • 4
    • 0019404010 scopus 로고
    • The fate of axonal debris in Wallerian degeneration of rat optic and sciatic nerves. Electron microscopy and immunofluorescence studies with neurofilament antisera
    • Bignami, A., Dahl, D., Nguyen, B.T., and Crosby, C.J. (1981). The fate of axonal debris in Wallerian degeneration of rat optic and sciatic nerves. Electron microscopy and immunofluorescence studies with neurofilament antisera. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 40, 537-550.
    • (1981) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. , vol.40 , pp. 537-550
    • Bignami, A.1    Dahl, D.2    Nguyen, B.T.3    Crosby, C.J.4
  • 5
    • 0017852099 scopus 로고
    • An electron-microscopic analysis of axonal alterations following blunt contusion of the spinal cord of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta
    • Bresnahan, J.C. (1978). An electron-microscopic analysis of axonal alterations following blunt contusion of the spinal cord of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). J. Neurol. Sci. 37, 59-82.
    • (1978) J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.37 , pp. 59-82
    • Bresnahan, J.C.1
  • 6
    • 0017169750 scopus 로고
    • A neuroanatomical analysis of spinal cord injury in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatto)
    • Bresnahan, J.C., King, J.S., Martin, G.F., and Yashon, D. (1976). A neuroanatomical analysis of spinal cord injury in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). J. Neurol. Sci. 28, 521-542.
    • (1976) J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.28 , pp. 521-542
    • Bresnahan, J.C.1    King, J.S.2    Martin, G.F.3    Yashon, D.4
  • 7
    • 0027343542 scopus 로고
    • Observations on the pathology of human spinal cord injury. A review and classification of 22 new cases with details from a case of chronic cord compression with extensive focal demyelination
    • Raven Press: New York
    • Bunge, R.P., Puckett, W.R., Becerra, J.L., Marcillo, A., and Quencer, R.M. (1993). Observations on the pathology of human spinal cord injury. A review and classification of 22 new cases with details from a case of chronic cord compression with extensive focal demyelination, in: Advances in Neurology. Raven Press: New York.
    • (1993) Advances in Neurology
    • Bunge, R.P.1    Puckett, W.R.2    Becerra, J.L.3    Marcillo, A.4    Quencer, R.M.5
  • 8
    • 0037782137 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sequential loss of myelin proteins during Wallerian degeneration in the rat spinal cord
    • Buss, A. and Schwab, M.E. (2003). Sequential loss of myelin proteins during Wallerian degeneration in the rat spinal cord. Glia 42, 424-432.
    • (2003) Glia , vol.42 , pp. 424-432
    • Buss, A.1    Schwab, M.E.2
  • 9
    • 0347358918 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gradual loss of myelin and formation of an astrocytic scar during Wallerian degeneration in the human spinal cord
    • Buss, A., Brook, G.A., Kakulas, B., Martin, D., Franzen, R., Schoenen, J., Noth, J., and Schmitt, A.B. (2004). Gradual loss of myelin and formation of an astrocytic scar during Wallerian degeneration in the human spinal cord. Brain 127, 34-44.
    • (2004) Brain , vol.127 , pp. 34-44
    • Buss, A.1    Brook, G.A.2    Kakulas, B.3    Martin, D.4    Franzen, R.5    Schoenen, J.6    Noth, J.7    Schmitt, A.B.8
  • 11
    • 0023117302 scopus 로고
    • The spatio-temporal pattern of Wallerian degeneration in the rhesus monkey optic nerve
    • Cook, R.D. and Wisniewski, H.M. (1987). The spatio-temporal pattern of Wallerian degeneration in the rhesus monkey optic nerve. Acta Neuropathol. 72, 261-267.
    • (1987) Acta Neuropathol. , vol.72 , pp. 261-267
    • Cook, R.D.1    Wisniewski, H.M.2
  • 13
    • 0014452394 scopus 로고
    • Histological observations on Wallerian degeneration in the spinal cord of the baboon, Papio papio
    • Daniel, P.M. and Strich, S.J. (1969). Histological observations on Wallerian degeneration in the spinal cord of the baboon, Papio papio. Acta Neuropathol. 12, 314-328.
    • (1969) Acta Neuropathol. , vol.12 , pp. 314-328
    • Daniel, P.M.1    Strich, S.J.2
  • 14
    • 0033565865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robust regeneration of adult sensory axons in degenerating white matter of the adult rat spinal cord
    • Davies, S.J.A., Goucher, D.R., Doller, C., and Silver, J. (1999). Robust regeneration of adult sensory axons in degenerating white matter of the adult rat spinal cord. J. Neurosci. 19, 5810-5822.
    • (1999) J. Neurosci. , vol.19 , pp. 5810-5822
    • Davies, S.J.A.1    Goucher, D.R.2    Doller, C.3    Silver, J.4
  • 15
    • 0027996203 scopus 로고
    • Adhesive=repulsive properties in the injured spinal cord: Relation to myelin phagocytosis by invading macrophages
    • Frisen, J., Haegerstrand, A., Fried, K., Piehl, F., Cullheim, S., and Risling, M. (1994). Adhesive=repulsive properties in the injured spinal cord: relation to myelin phagocytosis by invading macrophages. Exp. Neurol. 129, 183-193.
    • (1994) Exp. Neurol. , vol.129 , pp. 183-193
    • Frisen, J.1    Haegerstrand, A.2    Fried, K.3    Piehl, F.4    Cullheim, S.5    Risling, M.6
  • 16
    • 0029820185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic influences on cellular reactions to spinal cord injury: Activation of macrophages/microglia and astrocytes is delayed in mice carrying a mutation (Wld(s)) that causes delayed Wallerian degeneration
    • DOI 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19960729)371:3<469::AID-CNE9>3.0.CO;2-0
    • Fujiki, M., Zhang, Z., Guth, L., and Steward, O. (1996). Genetic influences on cellular reactions to spinal cord injury: activation of macrophages=microglia and astrocytes is delayed in mice carrying a mutation (WldS) that causes delayed Wallerian degeneration. J. Comp. Neurol. 371, 469-484. (Pubitemid 26286595)
    • (1996) Journal of Comparative Neurology , vol.371 , Issue.3 , pp. 469-484
    • Fujiki, M.1    Zhang, Z.2    Guth, L.3    Steward, O.4
  • 17
    • 0027970246 scopus 로고
    • Delayed microphage responses and myelin clearance during Wallerian degeneration in the central nervous system: The dorsal radiculotomy model
    • George, R. and Griffin, J.W. (1994a). Delayed microphage responses and myelin clearance during Wallerian degeneration in the central nervous system: The dorsal radiculotomy model. Exp. Neurol. 129, 225-236.
    • (1994) Exp. Neurol. , vol.129 , pp. 225-236
    • George, R.1    Griffin, J.W.2
  • 18
    • 0028102801 scopus 로고
    • The proximo-distal spread of axonal degeneration in the dorsal columns of the rat
    • George, R. and Griffin, J.W. (1994b). The proximo-distal spread of axonal degeneration in the dorsal columns of the rat. J. Neurocytol. 23, 657-667.
    • (1994) J. Neurocytol. , vol.23 , pp. 657-667
    • George, R.1    Griffin, J.W.2
  • 19
    • 0027970246 scopus 로고
    • Delayed macrophage responses and myelin clearance during wallerian degeneration in the central nervous system: The dorsal radiculotomy model
    • Griffin, J.W. and George, R. (1994). Delayed macrophage responses and myelin clearance during wallerian degeneration in the central nervous system: the dorsal radiculotomy model. Exp. Neurol. 129, 225-236.
    • (1994) Exp. Neurol. , vol.129 , pp. 225-236
    • Griffin, J.W.1    George, R.2
  • 20
    • 0027420887 scopus 로고
    • Macrophage systems in peripheral nerves. A review
    • Griffin, J.W., George, R., and Ho, T. (1993). Macrophage systems in peripheral nerves. A review. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 52, 553-560.
    • (1993) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. , vol.52 , pp. 553-560
    • Griffin, J.W.1    George, R.2    Ho, T.3
  • 21
    • 3943082076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Nogo signaling pathway for regeneration block
    • He, Z. and Koprivica, V. (2004). The Nogo signaling pathway for regeneration block. Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 27, 341-368.
    • (2004) Annu. Rev. Neurosci. , vol.27 , pp. 341-368
    • He, Z.1    Koprivica, V.2
  • 22
    • 4544308191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A neuroprotective role of glial cell linederived neurotrophic factor following moderate spinal cord contusion injury
    • Iannotti, C., Zhang, Y.P., Shields, C.B., Han, Y., Burke, D.A., and Xu, X.-M. (2004). A neuroprotective role of glial cell linederived neurotrophic factor following moderate spinal cord contusion injury. Exp. Neurol. 189, 317-332.
    • (2004) Exp. Neurol. , vol.189 , pp. 317-332
    • Iannotti, C.1    Zhang, Y.P.2    Shields, C.B.3    Han, Y.4    Burke, D.A.5    Xu, X.-M.6
  • 23
    • 0018133095 scopus 로고
    • The process of Wallerian degeneration of myelinated nerve fibers in the pyramidal tract of the Rhesus monkey
    • Inoue, Y., Terashima, T., Nishimura, Y., and Shimai, K. (1978). The process of Wallerian degeneration of myelinated nerve fibers in the pyramidal tract of the Rhesus monkey. Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn. 55, 153-180.
    • (1978) Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn. , vol.55 , pp. 153-180
    • Inoue, Y.1    Terashima, T.2    Nishimura, Y.3    Shimai, K.4
  • 24
    • 0019305929 scopus 로고
    • Reaction of glial and phagocytic cells under Wallerian degeneration in the pyramidal tract of the rhesus monkey
    • Inoue, Y., Terashima, T., Nishimura, Y., and Shimai, K. (1980). Reaction of glial and phagocytic cells under Wallerian degeneration in the pyramidal tract of the rhesus monkey. Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn. 57, 1-28.
    • (1980) Okajimas Folia Anat. Jpn. , vol.57 , pp. 1-28
    • Inoue, Y.1    Terashima, T.2    Nishimura, Y.3    Shimai, K.4
  • 25
    • 0029028478 scopus 로고
    • The temporal and spatial activation of microglia in fiber tracts undergoing anterograde and retrograde degeneration following spinal cord lesion
    • Koshinaga, M. and Whittemore, S.R. (1995). The temporal and spatial activation of microglia in fiber tracts undergoing anterograde and retrograde degeneration following spinal cord lesion. J. Neurotrauma 12, 209-222.
    • (1995) J. Neurotrauma , vol.12 , pp. 209-222
    • Koshinaga, M.1    Whittemore, S.R.2
  • 26
    • 0027406932 scopus 로고
    • Altered acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor expression following spinal cord injury
    • Koshinaga, M., Sanon, H.R., and Whittemore, S.R. (1993). Altered acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor expression following spinal cord injury. Exp. Neurol. 120, 32-48.
    • (1993) Exp. Neurol. , vol.120 , pp. 32-48
    • Koshinaga, M.1    Sanon, H.R.2    Whittemore, S.R.3
  • 27
    • 46349108931 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterizing white matter damage in rat spinal cord with quantitative MRI and histology
    • Kozlowski, P., Raj, D., Liu, J., Lam, C., Yung, A.C., and Tetzlaff, W. (2008). Characterizing white matter damage in rat spinal cord with quantitative MRI and histology. J. Neurotrauma. 25, 653-676.
    • (2008) J. Neurotrauma. , vol.25 , pp. 653-676
    • Kozlowski, P.1    Raj, D.2    Liu, J.3    Lam, C.4    Yung, A.C.5    Tetzlaff, W.6
  • 29
    • 0024373441 scopus 로고
    • Absence of Wallerian degeneration does not hinder regeneration in peripheral nerve
    • Lunn, E.R., Perry, V.H., Brown, M.C., Rosen, H., and Gordon, S. (1989). Absence of Wallerian degeneration does not hinder regeneration in peripheral nerve. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1, 27-33.
    • (1989) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.1 , pp. 27-33
    • Lunn, E.R.1    Perry, V.H.2    Brown, M.C.3    Rosen, H.4    Gordon, S.5
  • 31
    • 38649124935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan expression in denervated brainstem targets following spinal cord injury creates a barrier to axonal regeneration overcome by chondroitinase ABC and neurotrophin-3
    • Massey, J.M., Amps, J., Viapiano, M.S. Matthews, R.T., Wagoner, M.R., Whitaker, C.M., Alilain, W., Yonkof, A.L., Khalyfa, A., Cooper, N.G., Silver, J., and Onifer, S.M. (2008). Increased chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan expression in denervated brainstem targets following spinal cord injury creates a barrier to axonal regeneration overcome by chondroitinase ABC and neurotrophin-3. Exp. Neurol. 209, 426-445.
    • (2008) Exp. Neurol. , vol.209 , pp. 426-445
    • Massey, J.M.1    Amps, J.2    Viapiano, M.S.3    Matthews, R.T.4    Wagoner, M.R.5    Whitaker, C.M.6    Alilain, W.7    Yonkof, A.L.8    Khalyfa, A.9    Cooper, N.G.10    Silver, J.11    Onifer, S.M.12
  • 32
    • 33646442052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chondroitinase ABC digestion of the perineuronal net promotes functional collateral sprouting in the cuneate nucleus after cervical spinal cord injury
    • Massey, J.M., Hubscher, C.H., Wagoner, M.R., Decker, J.A., Amps, J., Silver, J., and Onifer, S.M. (2006). Chondroitinase ABC digestion of the perineuronal net promotes functional collateral sprouting in the cuneate nucleus after cervical spinal cord injury. J. Neurosci. 26, 4406-4414.
    • (2006) J. Neurosci. , vol.26 , pp. 4406-4414
    • Massey, J.M.1    Hubscher, C.H.2    Wagoner, M.R.3    Decker, J.A.4    Amps, J.5    Silver, J.6    Onifer, S.M.7
  • 33
    • 0017180916 scopus 로고
    • Nodal changes during the early stages of Wallerian degeneration of central nerve fibres
    • Mastalgia, F.L., McDonald, W.I., and Yogendran, K. (1976). Nodal changes during the early stages of Wallerian degeneration of central nerve fibres. J. Neurol. Sci. 30, 259-267.
    • (1976) J. Neurol. Sci. , vol.30 , pp. 259-267
    • Mastalgia, F.L.1    McDonald, W.I.2    Yogendran, K.3
  • 34
    • 34548295757 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct types of microglial activation in white and grey matter of rat lumbosacral cord after mid-thoracic spinal transaction
    • McKay, S.M., Brooks, D.J., Hu, P., and McLachlan, E.M. (2007). Distinct types of microglial activation in white and grey matter of rat lumbosacral cord after mid-thoracic spinal transection. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 66, 698-710.
    • (2007) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. , vol.66 , pp. 698-710
    • McKay, S.M.1    Brooks, D.J.2    Hu, P.3    McLachlan, E.M.4
  • 35
    • 0026008056 scopus 로고
    • The long-distance effects of brain lesions: Visualization of myelinated pathways in the human brain using polarizing and fluorescence microscopy
    • Miklossy, J. and Van Der Loos, H. (1991). The long-distance effects of brain lesions: visualization of myelinated pathways in the human brain using polarizing and fluorescence microscopy. J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. 50, 1-15.
    • (1991) J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol. , vol.50 , pp. 1-15
    • Miklossy, J.1    Van Der Loos, H.2
  • 36
    • 0025609425 scopus 로고
    • Modification of astrocytes in the spinal cord following dorsal root or peripheral nerve lesions
    • Murray, M., Wang, S.D., Goldberger, M.E., and Levitt, P. (1990). Modification of astrocytes in the spinal cord following dorsal root or peripheral nerve lesions. Exp. Neurol. 110, 248-257.
    • (1990) Exp. Neurol. , vol.110 , pp. 248-257
    • Murray, M.1    Wang, S.D.2    Goldberger, M.E.3    Levitt, P.4
  • 37
    • 0003633755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Research Council National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
    • National Research Council (1996). Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
    • (1996) Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals
  • 39
    • 1942425481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pathology of human spinal cord injury: Defining the problems
    • Norenberg, M.D., Smith, J., and Marcillo, A. (2004). The pathology of human spinal cord injury: defining the problems. J. Neurotrauma. 21, 429-440.
    • (2004) J. Neurotrauma. , vol.21 , pp. 429-440
    • Norenberg, M.D.1    Smith, J.2    Marcillo, A.3
  • 40
    • 16844365105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Involvement of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha and interleukin-1beta in Wallerian degeneration
    • Perrin, F.E., Lacroix, S., Aviles-Trigueros, M., and David, S. (2005). Involvement of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha and interleukin-1beta in Wallerian degeneration. Brain 128, 854-866.
    • (2005) Brain , vol.128 , pp. 854-866
    • Perrin, F.E.1    Lacroix, S.2    Aviles-Trigueros, M.3    David, S.4
  • 41
    • 0031418288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The astroglial response to Wallerian degeneration after spinal cord injury in humans
    • Puckett, W.R., Hiester, E.D., Norenberg, M.D., Marcillo, A.E., and Bunge, R.P. (1997). The astroglial response to Wallerian degeneration after spinal cord injury in humans. Exp. Neurol. 148, 424-432.
    • (1997) Exp. Neurol. , vol.148 , pp. 424-432
    • Puckett, W.R.1    Hiester, E.D.2    Norenberg, M.D.3    Marcillo, A.E.4    Bunge, R.P.5
  • 42
    • 0035479007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • AIF-1 expression defines a proliferating and alert microglial=macrophage phenotype following spinal cord injury in rats
    • Schwab, J.M., Frei, E., Klusman, I., Schnell, L., Schwab, M.E., and Schluesener, H.J. (2001). AIF-1 expression defines a proliferating and alert microglial=macrophage phenotype following spinal cord injury in rats. J. Neuroimmunol. 119, 214-222.
    • (2001) J. Neuroimmunol. , vol.119 , pp. 214-222
    • Schwab, J.M.1    Frei, E.2    Klusman, I.3    Schnell, L.4    Schwab, M.E.5    Schluesener, H.J.6
  • 43
    • 0016739669 scopus 로고
    • The fine structure of pulse labeled (3-Hthymidine cells) in degenerating rat optic nerve
    • Skoff, R.P. (1975). The fine structure of pulse labeled (3-Hthymidine cells) in degenerating rat optic nerve. J. Comp. Neurol. 161, 595-611.
    • (1975) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.161 , pp. 595-611
    • Skoff, R.P.1
  • 44
    • 0024366858 scopus 로고
    • Macrophage function during Wallerian degeneration of rat optic nerve: Clearance of degenerating myelin and Ia expression
    • Stoll, G., Trapp, B.D., and Griffin, J.W. (1989). Macrophage function during Wallerian degeneration of rat optic nerve: clearance of degenerating myelin and Ia expression. J. Neurosci. 9, 2327-2335.
    • (1989) J. Neurosci. , vol.9 , pp. 2327-2335
    • Stoll, G.1    Trapp, B.D.2    Griffin, J.W.3
  • 45
    • 30444447683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Systemic injections of lipopolysaccharide accelerates myelin phagocytosis during Wallerian degeneration in the injured mouse spinal cord
    • Vallieres, N., Berard, J.L., David, S., and Lacroix, S. (2006). Systemic injections of lipopolysaccharide accelerates myelin phagocytosis during Wallerian degeneration in the injured mouse spinal cord. Glia 53, 103-113.
    • (2006) Glia , vol.53 , pp. 103-113
    • Vallieres, N.1    Berard, J.L.2    David, S.3    Lacroix, S.4
  • 46
    • 0014864526 scopus 로고
    • Electron microscopic studies of wallerian degeneration in rat optic nerves. II. Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and adventitial cells
    • Vaughn, J.E. and Pease, D.C. (1970). Electron microscopic studies of wallerian degeneration in rat optic nerves. II. Astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and adventitial cells. J. Comp. Neurol. 140, 207-226.
    • (1970) J. Comp. Neurol. , vol.140 , pp. 207-226
    • Vaughn, J.E.1    Pease, D.C.2
  • 47
    • 0001754953 scopus 로고
    • Experiments on the section of the glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal nerves of the frog, and observations on the alterations produced thereby in the structure of their primitive fibers
    • Waller, A. (1850). Experiments on the section of the glossopharyngeal and hypoglossal nerves of the frog, and observations on the alterations produced thereby in the structure of their primitive fibers. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. 140, 423-429.
    • (1850) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. , vol.140 , pp. 423-429
    • Waller, A.1
  • 48
    • 65649151402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glial and axonal responses in areas of Wallerian degeneration of the corticospinal and dorsal ascending tracts after spinal cord dorsal funiculotomy
    • Wang, L., Hu, B., Wong, W.M., Lu, P., Wu, W., and Xu, X.M. (2009). Glial and axonal responses in areas of Wallerian degeneration of the corticospinal and dorsal ascending tracts after spinal cord dorsal funiculotomy. Neuropathology 29, 230-241.
    • (2009) Neuropathology , vol.29 , pp. 230-241
    • Wang, L.1    Hu, B.2    Wong, W.M.3    Lu, P.4    Wu, W.5    Xu, X.M.6
  • 49
    • 0035068206 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Delayed glial cell death following Wallerian degeneration in white matter tracts after spinal cord dorsal column cordotomy in adult rats
    • Warden, P., Bamber, N.I., Li, H., Esposito, A., Ahmad, K.A., Hsu, C.Y., and Xu, X.M. (2001). Delayed glial cell death following Wallerian degeneration in white matter tracts after spinal cord dorsal column cordotomy in adult rats. Exp. Neurol. 168, 213-224.
    • (2001) Exp. Neurol. , vol.168 , pp. 213-224
    • Warden, P.1    Bamber, N.I.2    Li, H.3    Esposito, A.4    Ahmad, K.A.5    Hsu, C.Y.6    Xu, X.M.7
  • 50
    • 0033042139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential activation of microglia after experimental spinal cord injury
    • Watanabe, T., Yamamoto, T., Abe, Y., Saito, N., Kumagai, T., and Kayama, H. (1999). Differential activation of microglia after experimental spinal cord injury. J. Neurotrauma. 16, 255-265.
    • (1999) J. Neurotrauma. , vol.16 , pp. 255-265
    • Watanabe, T.1    Yamamoto, T.2    Abe, Y.3    Saito, N.4    Kumagai, T.5    Kayama, H.6
  • 51
    • 0032957573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regrowth of axons into the distal spinal cord through a Schwann-cell-seeded mini-channel implanted into hemisected adult rat spinal cord
    • Xu, X.M., Zhang, S.X., Li, H., Aebischer, P., and Bunge, M.B. (1999). Regrowth of axons into the distal spinal cord through a Schwann-cell-seeded mini-channel implanted into hemisected adult rat spinal cord. Eur. J. Neurosci. 11, 1723-1740.
    • (1999) Eur. J. Neurosci. , vol.11 , pp. 1723-1740
    • Xu, X.M.1    Zhang, S.X.2    Li, H.3    Aebischer, P.4    Bunge, M.B.5
  • 53
    • 0026232548 scopus 로고
    • Chronic cervical compressive myelopathy in horses: Patterns of astrocytosis in the spinal cord
    • Yovich, J.V., Gould, D.H., and LeCouteur, R.A. (1991). Chronic cervical compressive myelopathy in horses: patterns of astrocytosis in the spinal cord. Aust. Vet. J. 68, 334-337.
    • (1991) Aust. Vet. J. , vol.68 , pp. 334-337
    • Yovich, J.V.1    Gould, D.H.2    Lecouteur, R.A.3
  • 54
    • 0031889122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of motor recovery after subtotal spinal cord injury: Insights from the study of mice carrying a mutation (WldS) that delays cellular responses to injury
    • Zhang, Z., Guth, L., and Steward, O. (1998). Mechanisms of motor recovery after subtotal spinal cord injury: insights from the study of mice carrying a mutation (WldS) that delays cellular responses to injury. Exp. Neurol. 149, 221-229.
    • (1998) Exp. Neurol. , vol.149 , pp. 221-229
    • Zhang, Z.1    Guth, L.2    Steward, O.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.