Differential vulnerability of propriospinal tract neurons to spinal cord contusion injury

Journal of Comparative Neurology

Volumn 479, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 347-359

  Conta, Amanda C ^a   Stelzner, Dennis J ^a  

^a SUNY UPSTATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Axonal tract tracing; Fluorogold; Fluororuby; LDPT neurons; Regeneration; Sparing

Indexed keywords

FLUOROGOLD; FLUORORUBY; TRACER; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CELL DEATH; CERVICAL SPINE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CONTUSION; CONVALESCENCE; COORDINATION; FEMALE; LOCOMOTION; LUMBAR SPINE; NERVE FIBER TRANSPORT; NERVE TRACT; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PYRAMIDAL TRACT; RAT; REFLEX; RUBROSPINAL TRACT; SPINAL CORD INJURY; SPINAL CORD NERVE CELL; SURVIVAL TIME; VESTIBULOSPINAL TRACT;

ANIMALS; AXONS; CELL DEATH; CELL SIZE; CELL SURVIVAL; FEMALE; FLUORESCENT DYES; NERVE DEGENERATION; NEURAL PATHWAYS; NEURONS; RATS; RATS, LONG-EVANS; SPINAL CORD; SPINAL CORD INJURIES; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 7544226866     PISSN: 00219967     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/cne.20319     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Alstermark B, Sasaki S. 1986. Integration in descending motor pathways controlling the forelimb in the cat. 14. Differential projection to fast and slow motoneurones from excitatory C3-C4 propriospinal neurones. Exp Brain Res 63:530-542.
2. Alstermark B, Gorska T, Lundberg A, Pettersson LG, Walkowska M. 1987a. Effect of different spinal cord lesions on visually guided switching of target-reaching in cats. Neurosci Res 5:63-67.
3. Alstermark B, Kummel H, Pinter MJ, Tantisira B. 1987b. Branching and termination of C3-C4 propriospinal neurones in the cervical spinal cord of the cat. Neurosci Lett 74:291-296.
4. Ambalavanar R, Morris R. 1989. Fluoro-Gold injected either subcutaneously or intravascularly results in extensive retrograde labelling of CNS neurones having axons terminating outside the blood-brain barrier. Brain Res 505:171-175.
5. Anderson FD. 1963. The structure of a chronically isolated segment of the cat spinal cord. J Comp Neurol 120:297-315.
6. Bareyre FM, Kerschensteiner M, Raineteau O, Mettenleiter TC, Weinmann O, Schwab ME. 2004. The injured spinal cord spontaneously forms a new intraspinal circuit in adult rats. Nat Neurosci 7:269-277.
7. Basso DM. 2000. Neuroanatomical substrates of functional recovery after experimental spinal cord injury: implications of basic science research for human spinal cord injury. Phys Ther 80:808-817.
8. Basso DM, VanMeter M, Beattie MS, Bresnahan JC. 1994. Differential sparing of rubrospinal and vestibulospinal tracts after mild or moderate spinal cord contusion in rats. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 20:147.
9. Basso DM, Beattie MS, Bresnahan JC, Anderson DK, Faden AI, Gruner JA, Holford TR, Hsu CY, Noble LJ, Nockels R, Perot PL, Salzman SK, Young W. 1996. MASCIS evaluation of open field locomotor scores: effects of experience and teamwork on reliability. Multicenter Animal Spinal Cord Injury Study. J Neurotrauma 13:343-359.
10. Basso DM, Beattie MS, Bresnahan JC. 2002. Descending systems contributing to locomotor recovery after mild or moderate spinal cord injury in rats: experimental evidence and a review of literature. Restor Neurol Neurosci 20:189-218.
11. Benfey M, Aguayo AJ. 1982. Extensive elongation of axons from rat brain into peripheral nerve grafts. Nature 296:150-152.
12. Benowitz LI, Lewis ER. 1983. Increased transport of 44,000- to 49,000-dalton acidic proteins during regeneration of the goldfish optic nerve: a two-dimensional gel analysis. J Neurosci 3:2153-2163.
13. Benowitz LI, Routtenberg A. 1997. GAP-43: an intrinsic determinant of neuronal development and plasticity. Trends Neurosci 20:84-91.
14. Brizzee KR, Ordy JM, Kaack B. 1974. Early appearance and regional differences in intraneuronal and extraneuronal lipofuscin accumulation with age in the brain of a nonhuman primate (Macaca mulatta). J Gerontol 29:366-381.
15. Calancie B, Needham-Shropshire B, Jacobs P, Willer K, Zych G, Green BA. 1994. Involuntary stepping after chronic spinal cord injury. Evidence for a central rhythm generator for locomotion in man. Brain 117(Pt 5):1143-1159.
16. Carmel JB, Galante A, Soteropoulos P, Tolias P, Recce M, Young W, Hart RP. 2001. Gene expression profiling of acute spinal cord injury reveals spreading inflammatory signals and neuron loss. Physiol Genomics 7:201-213.
17. Chung K, Coggeshall RE. 1983. Propriospinal fibers in the rat. J Comp Neurol 217:47-53.
18. Cowley KC, Schmidt BJ. 2000. Characterization of propriospinal coupling between the cervical and lumbar regions during rhythmic motor activity in the in vitro neonatal spinal cord. Society for Neursocience Abstracts 26:60.2.
19. Cowley KC, Schmidt BJ. 1997. Regional distribution of the locomotor pattern-generating network in the neonatal rat spinal cord. J Neurophysiol 77:247-259.
20. David S, Aguayo AJ. 1981. Axonal elongation into peripheral nervous system "bridges" after central nervous system injury in adult rats. Science 214:931-933.
21. Delwaide PJ, Figiel C, Richelle C. 1977. Effects of postural changes of the upper limb on reflex transmission in the lower limb. Cervicolumbar reflex interactions in man. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 40:616-621.
22. Doster SK, Lozano AM, Aguayo AJ, Willard MB. 1991. Expression of the growth-associated protein GAP-43 in adult rat retinal ganglion cells following axon injury. Neuron 6:635-647.
23. Edwards SB, Shalna EJ. 1974. Microinjector for use in the autoradiographic neuroanatomical tracing method. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2:111-113.
24. Eidelberg E, Straehley D, Erspamer R, Watkins CJ. 1977. Relationship between residual hindlimb-assisted locomotion and surviving axons after incomplete spinal cord injuries. Exp Neurol 56:312-322.
25. Eidelberg E, Story JL, Walden JG, Meyer BL. 1981. Anatomical correlates of return of locomotor function after partial spinal cord lesions in cats. Exp Brain Res 42:81-88.
26. Fulmerfelt BA, Hrycyshyn AW. 1985. Precerebellar nuclei and red nucleus. Paxinos G, editor. San Diego: Academic Press Australia. p 221-250.
27. Gagliardini V, Dusart I, Fankhauser C. 2000. Absence of GAP-43 can protect neurons from death. Mol Cell Neurosci 16:27-33.
28. Gerasimenko YP, Makarovskii AN, Nikitin OA. 2002. Control of locomotor activity in humans and animals in the absence of supraspinal influences. Neurosci Behav Physiol 32:417-423.
29. Giovanelli Barilari M, Kuypers HG. 1969. Propriospinal fibers interconnecting the spinal enlargements in the cat. Brain Res 14:321-330.
30. Goldberger ME. 1974. Functional recovery after lesions of the nervous system. IV. Structural correlates of recovery in adult subjects. Recovery of function and collateral sprouting in cat spinal cord. Neurosci Res Program Bull 12:235-239.
31. Gruner JA. 1992. A monitored contusion model of spinal cord injury in the rat. J Neurotrauma 9:123-126; discussion 126-128.
32. Gwyn DG. 1971. Histochemical evidence for a somatotopic organization of the rubrospinal projection in the rat. Experientia 27:819-821.
33. Harding DI, Greensmith L, Mason M, Anderson PN, Vrbova G. 1999. Overexpression of GAP-43 induces prolonged sprouting and causes death of adult motoneurons. Eur J Neurosci 11:2237-2242.
34. Hill CE, Beattie MS, Bresnahan JC. 2001. Degeneration and sprouting of identified descending supraspinal axons after contusive spinal cord injury in the rat. Exp Neurol 171:153-169.
35. Illert M, Jankowska E, Lundberg A, Odutola A. 1981. Integration in descending motor pathways controlling the forelimb in the cat. 7. Effects from the reticular formation on C3-C4 propriospinal neurones. Exp Brain Res 42:269-281.
36. Jankowska E, Lundberg A, Stuart D. 1973. Propriospinal control of last order interneurones of spinal reflex pathways in the cat. Brain Res 53:227-231.
37. Jankowska E, Lundberg A, Roberts WJ, Stuart D. 1974. A long propriospinal system with direct effect on motoneurones and on interneurones in the cat lumbosacral cord. Exp Brain Res 21:169-194.
38. Jeffery ND, Fitzgerald M. 2001. Effects of red nucleus ablation and exogenous neurotrophin-3 on corticospinal axon terminal distribution in the adult rat. Neuroscience 104:513-521.
39. Jordan LM, Schmidt BJ. 2002. Propriospinal neurons involved in the control of locomotion: potential targets for repair strategies? Prog Brain Res 137:125-139.
40. Kalil K, Skene JH. 1986. Elevated synthesis of an axonally transported protein correlates with axon outgrowth in normal and injured pyramidal tracts. J Neurosci 6:2563-2570.
41. Kostyuk PG, Maisky VA. 1972. Propriospinal projections in the lumbar spinal cord of the cat. Brain Res 39:530-535.
42. Kostyuk PG, Vasilenko DA. 1978. Propriospinal neurones as a relay system for transmission of cortico-spinal influences. J Physiol (Paris) 74:247-250.
43. Kostyuk PG, Vasilenko DA. 1979. Spinal interneurons. Annu Rev Physiol 41:115-126.
44. Lloyd DPC. 1942. Mediation of descending long spinal reflex activity. J Neurophysiol 5:435-458.
45. Masson RL Jr, Sparkes ML, Ritz LA. 1991. Descending projections to the rat sacrocaudal spinal cord. J Comp Neurol 307:120-130.
46. Matsushita M. 1970. The axonal pathways of spinal neurons in the cat. J Comp Neurol 138:391-417.
47. Matsushita M, Ikeda M, Hosoya Y. 1979. The location of spinal neurons with long descending axons (long descending propriospinal tract neurons) in the cat: a study with the horseradish peroxidase technique. J Comp Neurol 184:63-80.
48. Meinck HM, Piesiur-Strehlow B. 1981. Reflexes evoked in leg muscles from arm afferents: a propriospinal pathway in man? Exp Brain Res 43:78-86.
49. Menetrey D, de Pommery J, Roudier F. 1985. Propriospinal fibers reaching the lumbar enlargement in the rat. Neurosci Lett 58:257-261.
50. Miller S, van der Berg J. 1973. The function of long propriospinal pathways in the co-ordination of quadrupedal stepping in the cat. Stein RD, Pearson KG, Smith RS, Redford JD, editors. New York: Plenum Press, p 561-577.
51. Miller S, Reitsma DJ, van der Meche FG. 1973. Functional organization of long ascending propriospinal pathways linking lumbo-sacral and cervical segments in the cat. Brain Res 62:169-188.
52. Miller KE, Douglas VD, Richards AB, Chandler MJ, Foreman RD. 1998. Propriospinal neurons in the C1-C2 spinal segments project to the L5-S1 segments of the rat spinal cord. Brain Res Bull 47:43-47.
53. Molenaar I, Kuypers HG. 1978. Cells of origin of propriospinal fibers and of fibers ascending to supraspinal levels. A HRP study in cat and rhesus monkey. Brain Res 152:429-450.
54. Molenaar I, Rustioni A, Kuypers HG. 1974. The location of cells of origin of the fibers in the ventral and the lateral funiculus of the cat's lumbosacral cord. Brain Res 78:239-254.
55. Noble LJ, Wrathall JR. 1989. Correlative analyses of lesion development and functional status after graded spinal cord contusive injuries in the rat. Exp Neurol 103:34-40.
56. Raineteau O, Schwab ME. 2001. Plasticity of motor systems after incomplete spinal cord injury. Nat Rev Neurosci 2:263-273.
57. Rustioni A, Kuypers HG, Holstege G. 1971. Propiospinal projections from the ventral and lateral funiculi to the motoneurons in the lumbosacral cord of the cat. Brain Res 34:255-275.
58. Schnell SA, Staines WA, Wessendorf MW. 1999. Reduction of lipofuscin-like autofluorescence in fluorescently labeled tissue. J Histochem Cytochem 47:719-730.
59. Schomburg ED, Meinck HM, Haustein J, Roesler J. 1978. Functional organization of the spinal reflex pathways from forelimb afferents to hindlimb motoneurones in the cat. Brain Res 139:21-33.
60. Schucht P, Raineteau O, Schwab ME, Fouad K. 2002. Anatomical correlates of locomotor recovery following dorsal and ventral lesions of the rat spinal cord. Exp Neurol 176:143-153.
61. Shieh JY, Leong SK, Wong WC. 1983. Origin of the rubrospinal tract in neonatal, developing, and mature rats. J Comp Neurol 214:79-86.
62. Skinner RD, Coulter JD, Adams RJ, Remmel RS. 1979. Cells of origin of long descending propriospinal fibers connecting the spinal enlargements in cat and monkey determined by horseradish peroxidase and electrophysiological techniques. J Comp Neurol 188:443-454.
63. Skinner RD, Nelson R, Griebel M, Garcia-Rill E. 1989. Ascending projections of long descending propriospinal tract (LDPT) neurons. Brain Res Bull 22:253-258.
64. Steeves JD, Jordan LM. 1980. Localization of a descending pathway in the spinal cord which is necessary for controlled treadmill locomotion. Neurosci Lett 20:283-288.
65. Stelzner DJ, Cullen JM. 1991. Do propriospinal projections contribute to hindlimb recovery when all long tracts are cut in neonatal or weanling rats? Exp Neurol 114:193-205.
66. Sterling P, Kuypers HG. 1968. Anatomical organization of the brachial spinal cord of the cat. 3. The propriospinal connections. Brain Res 7:419-443.
67. Szentagothai J. 1951. Short propriospinal neurons and intrinsic connections of the spinal gray. Acta Morphol Acad Sci Hung 1:81-94.
68. Tsai EC, van Bendegem RL, Hwang SW, Tator CH. 2001. A novel method for simultaneous anterograde and retrograde labeling of spinal cord motor tracts in the same animal. J Histochem Cytochem 49:1111-1122.
69. Vasilenko DA. 1975. Propriospinal pathways in the ventral funicles of the cat spinal cord: their effects on lumbosacral motoneurones. Brain Res 93:502-506.
70. Vitkovic L. 1992. GAP-43 expression in macroglial cells: potential functional significance. Perspect Dev Neurobiol 1:39-43.
71. Wang XM, Basso DM, Terman JR, Bresnahan JC, Martin GF. 1998. Adult opossums (Didelphis virginiana) demonstrate near normal locomotion after spinal cord transection as neonates. Exp Neurol 151:50-69.
72. Wehrle R, Caroni P, Sotelo C, Dusart I. 2001. Role of GAP-43 in mediating the responsiveness of cerebellar and precerebellar neurons to axotomy. Eur J Neurosci 13:857-870.
73. Windle WF. 1958. Residual function after subtotal spinal cord transection in adult cats. Neurology 8:518-521.
74. Yezierski RP, Culberson JL, Brown PB. 1980. Cells of origin of propriospinal connections to cat lumbosacral gray as determined with horseradish peroxidase. Exp Neurol 69:493-512.
75. Young W. 2002. Spinal cord contusion models. Prog Brain Res 137:231-255.
76. Zaporozhets E, Schmidt BJ. 2001. Propriospinal connections mediate bulbospinal activation of locomotor-like activity in the in vitro neonatal rat spinal cord. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 27:297.11.