메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 58, Issue 10, 2004, Pages 2319-2331

How much of the variation in adaptive divergence can be explained by gene flow? An evaluation using lake-stream stickleback pairs

Author keywords

Adaptation; Dispersal; Ecological speciation; Gasterosteus aculeatus; Microsatellites; Migration; Natural selection; Population mixing

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; DIVERGENCE; FISH; GENE FLOW; SPECIATION (BIOLOGY);

EID: 7544219876     PISSN: 00143820     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb01606.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (263)

References (69)
  • 1
    • 1642279334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating the performance of likelihood methods for detecting population structure and migration
    • Abdo, Z., K. A. Crandall, and P. Joyce. 2004. Evaluating the performance of likelihood methods for detecting population structure and migration. Mol. Ecol. 13:837-851.
    • (2004) Mol. Ecol. , vol.13 , pp. 837-851
    • Abdo, Z.1    Crandall, K.A.2    Joyce, P.3
  • 2
    • 1642320098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of unsampled populations on the estimation of population sizes and migration rates between sampled populations
    • Beerli, P. 2004. Effect of unsampled populations on the estimation of population sizes and migration rates between sampled populations. Mol. Ecol. 13:827-836.
    • (2004) Mol. Ecol. , vol.13 , pp. 827-836
    • Beerli, P.1
  • 3
    • 0032979748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maximum-likelihood estimation of migration rates and effective population numbers in two populations using a coalescent approach
    • Beerli, P., and J. Felsenstein. 1999. Maximum-likelihood estimation of migration rates and effective population numbers in two populations using a coalescent approach. Genetics 152:763-773.
    • (1999) Genetics , vol.152 , pp. 763-773
    • Beerli, P.1    Felsenstein, J.2
  • 4
    • 0000718098 scopus 로고
    • Differentiation of adjacent stream populations of threespine sticklebacks
    • Bell, M. A. 1982. Differentiation of adjacent stream populations of threespine sticklebacks. Evolution 36:189-199.
    • (1982) Evolution , vol.36 , pp. 189-199
    • Bell, M.A.1
  • 5
    • 0000640008 scopus 로고
    • Introduction to the evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback
    • M. A. Bell and S. A Foster, eds. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, U.K.
    • Bell, M. A., and S. A. Foster. 1994. Introduction to the evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Pp. 1-27 in M. A. Bell and S. A Foster, eds. The evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, U.K.
    • (1994) The Evolutionary Biology of the Threespine Stickleback , pp. 1-27
    • Bell, M.A.1    Foster, S.A.2
  • 6
    • 0001739185 scopus 로고
    • Clinal variation of lateral plates in threespine stickleback fish
    • Bell, M. A., and K. E. Richkind. 1981. Clinal variation of lateral plates in threespine stickleback fish. Am. Nat. 117:113-132.
    • (1981) Am. Nat. , vol.117 , pp. 113-132
    • Bell, M.A.1    Richkind, K.E.2
  • 7
    • 0033610080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection-based biodiversity at a small spatial scale in a low-dispersing insular bird
    • Blondel, J., P. C. Dias, P. Perret, M. Maistre, and M. M. Lambrechts. 1999. Selection-based biodiversity at a small spatial scale in a low-dispersing insular bird. Science 285:1399-1402.
    • (1999) Science , vol.285 , pp. 1399-1402
    • Blondel, J.1    Dias, P.C.2    Perret, P.3    Maistre, M.4    Lambrechts, M.M.5
  • 8
    • 0028189665 scopus 로고
    • Multivariate analysis of geographic covariance between phenotypes and environments in the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, from the Cook Inlet area, Alaska
    • Bourgeois, J. F., D. M. Blouw, J. P. Koenings, and M. A. Bell. 1994. Multivariate analysis of geographic covariance between phenotypes and environments in the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, from the Cook Inlet area, Alaska. Can. J. Zool. 72:1497-1509.
    • (1994) Can. J. Zool. , vol.72 , pp. 1497-1509
    • Bourgeois, J.F.1    Blouw, D.M.2    Koenings, J.P.3    Bell, M.A.4
  • 9
    • 0346874343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ocean currents mediate evolution in island lizards
    • Calsbeek, R., and T. B. Smith. 2003. Ocean currents mediate evolution in island lizards. Nature 426:552-555.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.426 , pp. 552-555
    • Calsbeek, R.1    Smith, T.B.2
  • 10
    • 0014684371 scopus 로고
    • Differentiation of populations
    • Ehrlich, P. R., and P. H. Raven. 1969. Differentiation of populations. Science 165:1228-1232.
    • (1969) Science , vol.165 , pp. 1228-1232
    • Ehrlich, P.R.1    Raven, P.H.2
  • 12
    • 0034472180 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of digital and film hemispherical photography and spherical densiometry for measuring forest light environments
    • Englund, S. R., J. J. O'Brien, and D. B. Clark. 2000. Evaluation of digital and film hemispherical photography and spherical densiometry for measuring forest light environments. Can. J. Forest Res. 30:1999-2005.
    • (2000) Can. J. Forest Res. , vol.30 , pp. 1999-2005
    • Englund, S.R.1    O'Brien, J.J.2    Clark, D.B.3
  • 13
    • 0033197813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of two indirect methods for estimating average levels of gene flow using microsatellite data
    • Gaggiotti, O. E., O. Lange, K. Rassmann, and C. Gliddon. 1999. A comparison of two indirect methods for estimating average levels of gene flow using microsatellite data. Mol. Ecol. 8: 1513-1520.
    • (1999) Mol. Ecol. , vol.8 , pp. 1513-1520
    • Gaggiotti, O.E.1    Lange, O.2    Rassmann, K.3    Gliddon, C.4
  • 14
    • 0030618392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic models of adaptation and gene flow in peripheral populations
    • García-Ramos, G., and M. Kirkpatrick. 1997. Genetic models of adaptation and gene flow in peripheral populations. Evolution 51:21-28.
    • (1997) Evolution , vol.51 , pp. 21-28
    • García-Ramos, G.1    Kirkpatrick, M.2
  • 15
    • 0033491881 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid and coupled phenotypic and genetic divergence in Icelandic Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus)
    • Gíslason, D., M. M. Ferguson, S. Skúlason, and S. S. Snorrason. 1999. Rapid and coupled phenotypic and genetic divergence in Icelandic Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 56:2229-2234.
    • (1999) Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , vol.56 , pp. 2229-2234
    • Gíslason, D.1    Ferguson, M.M.2    Skúlason, S.3    Snorrason, S.S.4
  • 16
    • 85007320774 scopus 로고
    • Fstat version 1.2: A computer program to calculate F-statistics
    • Goudet, J. 1995. Fstat version 1.2: a computer program to calculate F-statistics. J. Hered. 86:485-486.
    • (1995) J. Hered. , vol.86 , pp. 485-486
    • Goudet, J.1
  • 17
    • 65749320253 scopus 로고
    • The theory of a cline
    • Haldane, J. B. S. 1948. The theory of a cline. J. Genet. 48:277-284.
    • (1948) J. Genet. , vol.48 , pp. 277-284
    • Haldane, J.B.S.1
  • 18
    • 0034924618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population mixing and the adaptive divergence of quantitative traits in discrete populations: A theoretical framework for empirical tests
    • Hendry, A. P., T. Day, and E. B. Taylor. 2001. Population mixing and the adaptive divergence of quantitative traits in discrete populations: a theoretical framework for empirical tests. Evolution 55:459-466.
    • (2001) Evolution , vol.55 , pp. 459-466
    • Hendry, A.P.1    Day, T.2    Taylor, E.B.3
  • 19
    • 0035989033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive divergence and the balance between selection and gene flow: Lake and stream stickleback in the Misty system
    • Hendry, A. P., E. B. Taylor, and J. D. McPhail. 2002. Adaptive divergence and the balance between selection and gene flow: lake and stream stickleback in the Misty system. Evolution 56: 1199-1216.
    • (2002) Evolution , vol.56 , pp. 1199-1216
    • Hendry, A.P.1    Taylor, E.B.2    McPhail, J.D.3
  • 20
    • 1842580582 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Power and potential bias in field studies of natural selection
    • Hersch, E. I., and P. C. Phillips. 2004. Power and potential bias in field studies of natural selection. Evolution 58:479-485.
    • (2004) Evolution , vol.58 , pp. 479-485
    • Hersch, E.I.1    Phillips, P.C.2
  • 21
    • 0029200742 scopus 로고
    • Color-pattern variation in Lake Erie water snakes: The role of gene flow
    • King, R. B., and R. Lawson. 1995. Color-pattern variation in Lake Erie water snakes: the role of gene flow. Evolution 49:885-896.
    • (1995) Evolution , vol.49 , pp. 885-896
    • King, R.B.1    Lawson, R.2
  • 22
    • 0346270690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat-associated morphological divergence in two Neotropical fish species
    • Langerhans, R. B., C. A. Layman, A. K. Langerhans, and T. J. Dewitt. 2003. Habitat-associated morphological divergence in two Neotropical fish species. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 80:689-698.
    • (2003) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.80 , pp. 689-698
    • Langerhans, R.B.1    Layman, C.A.2    Langerhans, A.K.3    Dewitt, T.J.4
  • 23
    • 0022175443 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of freshwater diversity in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus): Site-specific differentiation of trophic morphology
    • Lavin, P. A., and J. D. McPhail. 1985. The evolution of freshwater diversity in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus): site-specific differentiation of trophic morphology. Can. J. Zool. 63:2632-2638.
    • (1985) Can. J. Zool. , vol.63 , pp. 2632-2638
    • Lavin, P.A.1    McPhail, J.D.2
  • 24
    • 0000190285 scopus 로고
    • Adaptive divergence of tropic phenotype among freshwater populations of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus)
    • _. 1986. Adaptive divergence of tropic phenotype among freshwater populations of the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 43:2455-2463.
    • (1986) Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. , vol.43 , pp. 2455-2463
  • 25
    • 0027444450 scopus 로고
    • Parapatric lake and stream sticklebacks on northern Vancouver Island: Disjunct distribution or parallel evolution?
    • _. 1993. Parapatric lake and stream sticklebacks on northern Vancouver Island: disjunct distribution or parallel evolution? Can. J. Zool. 71:11-17.
    • (1993) Can. J. Zool. , vol.71 , pp. 11-17
  • 26
    • 0001756372 scopus 로고
    • A new instrument for measuring forest overstory density
    • Lemmon, P. E. 1957. A new instrument for measuring forest overstory density. J. Forest. 55:667-668.
    • (1957) J. Forest. , vol.55 , pp. 667-668
    • Lemmon, P.E.1
  • 27
    • 0036532087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene flow and the limits to natural selection
    • Lenormand, T. 2002. Gene flow and the limits to natural selection. Trends Ecol. Evol. 17:183-189.
    • (2002) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.17 , pp. 183-189
    • Lenormand, T.1
  • 28
    • 0000771316 scopus 로고
    • The nature of plant species
    • Levin, D. A. 1979. The nature of plant species. Science 204: 381-384.
    • (1979) Science , vol.204 , pp. 381-384
    • Levin, D.A.1
  • 29
    • 0032695681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlated trophic specialization and genetic divergence in sympatric lake whitefish ecotypes (Coregonus clupeaformis): Support for the ecological speciation hypothesis
    • Lu, G., and L. Bernatchez. 1999. Correlated trophic specialization and genetic divergence in sympatric lake whitefish ecotypes (Coregonus clupeaformis): support for the ecological speciation hypothesis. Evolution 53:1491-1505.
    • (1999) Evolution , vol.53 , pp. 1491-1505
    • Lu, G.1    Bernatchez, L.2
  • 30
    • 0036775252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Speciation in nature: The threespine stickleback model systems
    • McKinnon, J. S., and H. D. Rundle. 2002. Speciation in nature: the threespine stickleback model systems. Trends Ecol. Evol. 17: 480-488.
    • (2002) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.17 , pp. 480-488
    • McKinnon, J.S.1    Rundle, H.D.2
  • 32
    • 0002010625 scopus 로고
    • Speciation and the evolution of reproductive isolation in the sticklebacks (Gasterosteus) of south-western British Columbia
    • M. A. Bell and S. A Foster, eds. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, U.K.
    • McPhail, J. D. 1994. Speciation and the evolution of reproductive isolation in the sticklebacks (Gasterosteus) of south-western British Columbia. Pp. 399-437 in M. A. Bell and S. A Foster, eds. The evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, U.K.
    • (1994) The Evolutionary Biology of the Threespine Stickleback , pp. 399-437
    • McPhail, J.D.1
  • 34
    • 0036932214 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How much variance can be explained by ecologists and evolutionary biologists?
    • Møller, A. P., and M. D. Jennions. 2002. How much variance can be explained by ecologists and evolutionary biologists? Oecologia 132:492-500.
    • (2002) Oecologia , vol.132 , pp. 492-500
    • Møller, A.P.1    Jennions, M.D.2
  • 35
    • 0001167589 scopus 로고
    • Morphology, life history, and ecology of an unusual stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in the Queen Charlotte Islands, Canada
    • Moodie, G. E. E. 1972a. Morphology, life history, and ecology of an unusual stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in the Queen Charlotte Islands, Canada. Can. J. Zool. 50:721-732.
    • (1972) Can. J. Zool. , vol.50 , pp. 721-732
    • Moodie, G.E.E.1
  • 36
    • 84970064111 scopus 로고
    • Predation, natural selection and adaptation in an unusual threespine stickleback
    • _. 1972b. Predation, natural selection and adaptation in an unusual threespine stickleback. Heredity 28:155-167.
    • (1972) Heredity , vol.28 , pp. 155-167
  • 37
    • 2542431459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How species evolve collectively: Implications of gene flow and selection for the spread of advantageous alleles
    • Morjan, C. L., and L. H. Rieseberg. 2004. How species evolve collectively: implications of gene flow and selection for the spread of advantageous alleles. Mol. Ecol. 13:1341-1356.
    • (2004) Mol. Ecol. , vol.13 , pp. 1341-1356
    • Morjan, C.L.1    Rieseberg, L.H.2
  • 38
    • 0018147653 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals
    • Nei, M. 1978. Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Genetics 89: 583-590.
    • (1978) Genetics , vol.89 , pp. 583-590
    • Nei, M.1
  • 39
    • 1642268470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does gene flow constrain adaptive divergence or vice versa? A test using ecomorphology and sexual isolation in Timema cristinae walking-sticks
    • Nosil, P., and B. J. Crespi. 2004. Does gene flow constrain adaptive divergence or vice versa? A test using ecomorphology and sexual isolation in Timema cristinae walking-sticks. Evolution 58: 102-112.
    • (2004) Evolution , vol.58 , pp. 102-112
    • Nosil, P.1    Crespi, B.J.2
  • 40
    • 0037108768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular evidence for ecological speciation in tropical habitats
    • Ogden, R., and R. S. Thorpe. 2002. Molecular evidence for ecological speciation in tropical habitats. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 99:13612-13615.
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 13612-13615
    • Ogden, R.1    Thorpe, R.S.2
  • 41
    • 0142059818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How much variance is explained by ecologists? Additional perspectives
    • Peek, M. S., A. J. Leffler, S. D. Flint, and R. J. Ryel. 2003. How much variance is explained by ecologists? Additional perspectives. Oecologia 137:161-170.
    • (2003) Oecologia , vol.137 , pp. 161-170
    • Peek, M.S.1    Leffler, A.J.2    Flint, S.D.3    Ryel, R.J.4
  • 42
    • 6044264968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GeneClass2: A software for genetic assignment and first-generation migrant detection
    • in press
    • Piry, S., A. Alpetite, J.-M. Cornuet, D. Paetkau, L. Baudoin, and A. Estoup. 2004. GeneClass2: a software for genetic assignment and first-generation migrant detection. J. Hered. 95: in press.
    • (2004) J. Hered. , vol.95
    • Piry, S.1    Alpetite, A.2    Cornuet, J.-M.3    Paetkau, D.4    Baudoin, L.5    Estoup, A.6
  • 43
    • 0030835444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting immigration by using multilocus genotypes
    • Rannala, B., and J. L. Mountain. 1997. Detecting immigration by using multilocus genotypes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94: 9197-9201.
    • (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.94 , pp. 9197-9201
    • Rannala, B.1    Mountain, J.L.2
  • 44
    • 0000262278 scopus 로고
    • GENEPOP (version 1.2): Population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenism
    • Raymond, M., and F. Rousset. 1995. GENEPOP (version 1.2): population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenism. J. Hered. 86:248-249.
    • (1995) J. Hered. , vol.86 , pp. 248-249
    • Raymond, M.1    Rousset, F.2
  • 45
    • 0002035828 scopus 로고
    • Predators and morphological evolution in the threespine stickleback
    • M. A. Bell and S. A Foster, eds. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, U.K.
    • Reimchen, T. E. 1994. Predators and morphological evolution in the threespine stickleback. Pp. 240-276 in M. A. Bell and S. A Foster, eds. The evolutionary biology of the threespine stickleback. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford, U.K.
    • (1994) The Evolutionary Biology of the Threespine Stickleback , pp. 240-276
    • Reimchen, T.E.1
  • 46
    • 0000942989 scopus 로고
    • Multivariate differentiation of parapatric and allopatric populations of threespine stickleback in the Sangan River watershed, Queen Charlotte Islands
    • Reimchen, T. E., E. M. Stinson, and J. S. Nelson. 1985. Multivariate differentiation of parapatric and allopatric populations of threespine stickleback in the Sangan River watershed, Queen Charlotte Islands. Can. J. Zool. 63:2944-2951.
    • (1985) Can. J. Zool. , vol.63 , pp. 2944-2951
    • Reimchen, T.E.1    Stinson, E.M.2    Nelson, J.S.3
  • 47
    • 0000769402 scopus 로고
    • An empirical evaluation of coefficients used in residual and allometric adjustment of size covariation
    • Reist, J. D. 1986. An empirical evaluation of coefficients used in residual and allometric adjustment of size covariation. Can. J. Zool. 64:1363-1368.
    • (1986) Can. J. Zool. , vol.64 , pp. 1363-1368
    • Reist, J.D.1
  • 48
    • 0034752872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid genetic divergence in postglacial populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus): The role of habitat type, drainage and geographical proximity
    • Reusch, T. B. H., K. M. Wegner, and M. Kalbe. 2001. Rapid genetic divergence in postglacial populations of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus): the role of habitat type, drainage and geographical proximity. Mol. Ecol. 10:2435-2445.
    • (2001) Mol. Ecol. , vol.10 , pp. 2435-2445
    • Reusch, T.B.H.1    Wegner, K.M.2    Kalbe, M.3
  • 49
    • 0021038163 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of the coancestry coefficient: Basis for a short-term genetic distance
    • Reynolds, J., B. S. Weir, and C. C. Cockerham. 1983. Estimation of the coancestry coefficient: basis for a short-term genetic distance. Genetics 105:767-779.
    • (1983) Genetics , vol.105 , pp. 767-779
    • Reynolds, J.1    Weir, B.S.2    Cockerham, C.C.3
  • 50
    • 0027646146 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of hypervariable microsatellite loci in the threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus
    • Rico, C., D. Zadworny, U. Kuhnlein, and G. J. Fitzgerald. 1993. Characterization of hypervariable microsatellite loci in the threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. Mol. Ecol. 2: 271-272.
    • (1993) Mol. Ecol. , vol.2 , pp. 271-272
    • Rico, C.1    Zadworny, D.2    Kuhnlein, U.3    Fitzgerald, G.J.4
  • 51
    • 0027804545 scopus 로고
    • Investigation of potential gene flow limitation of behavioral adaptation in an aridlands spider
    • Riechert, S. E. 1993. Investigation of potential gene flow limitation of behavioral adaptation in an aridlands spider. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. 32:355-363.
    • (1993) Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. , vol.32 , pp. 355-363
    • Riechert, S.E.1
  • 52
    • 0029983280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equilibrium values of measures of population subdivision for stepwise mutation processes
    • Rousset, F. 1996. Equilibrium values of measures of population subdivision for stepwise mutation processes. Genetics 142: 1357-1362.
    • (1996) Genetics , vol.142 , pp. 1357-1362
    • Rousset, F.1
  • 53
    • 12244254411 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Divergent selection maintains adaptive differentiation despite high gene flow between sympatric rainbow smelt ecotypes (Osmerus mordax Mitchill)
    • Saint-Laurent, R., M. Legault, and L. Bernatchez. 2003. Divergent selection maintains adaptive differentiation despite high gene flow between sympatric rainbow smelt ecotypes (Osmerus mordax Mitchill). Mol. Ecol. 12:315-330.
    • (2003) Mol. Ecol. , vol.12 , pp. 315-330
    • Saint-Laurent, R.1    Legault, M.2    Bernatchez, L.3
  • 55
    • 0015767532 scopus 로고
    • Gene flow and selection in a cline
    • Slatkin, M. 1973. Gene flow and selection in a cline. Genetics 75: 733-756.
    • (1973) Genetics , vol.75 , pp. 733-756
    • Slatkin, M.1
  • 56
    • 0022196880 scopus 로고
    • Rare alleles as indicators of gene flow
    • _. 1985. Rare alleles as indicators of gene flow. Evolution 39:53-65.
    • (1985) Evolution , vol.39 , pp. 53-65
  • 57
    • 0023159436 scopus 로고
    • Gene flow and the geographic structure of natural populations
    • _. 1987. Gene flow and the geographic structure of natural populations. Science 236:787-792.
    • (1987) Science , vol.236 , pp. 787-792
  • 58
    • 0000062913 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of three indirect methods for estimating average levels of gene flow
    • Slatkin, M., and N. H. Barton. 1989. A comparison of three indirect methods for estimating average levels of gene flow. Evolution 43:1349-1368.
    • (1989) Evolution , vol.43 , pp. 1349-1368
    • Slatkin, M.1    Barton, N.H.2
  • 59
    • 0030879015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for ecotones in generating rainforest biodiversity
    • Smith, T. B., R. K. Wayne, D. J. Girman, and M. W. Bruford. 1997. A role for ecotones in generating rainforest biodiversity. Science 276:1855-1857.
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 1855-1857
    • Smith, T.B.1    Wayne, R.K.2    Girman, D.J.3    Bruford, M.W.4
  • 60
    • 0032890159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene flow and endangered species translocations: A topic revisited
    • Storfer, A. 1999. Gene flow and endangered species translocations: a topic revisited. Biol. Cons. 87:173-180.
    • (1999) Biol. Cons. , vol.87 , pp. 173-180
    • Storfer, A.1
  • 61
    • 0031924564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene flow and ineffective antipredator behavior in a stream-breeding salamander
    • Storfer, A., and A. Sih. 1998. Gene flow and ineffective antipredator behavior in a stream-breeding salamander. Evolution 52: 558-565.
    • (1998) Evolution , vol.52 , pp. 558-565
    • Storfer, A.1    Sih, A.2
  • 62
    • 0032800592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive coloration and gene flow as a constraint to local adaptation in the streamside salamander, Ambystoma barbouri
    • Storfer, A., J. Cross, V. Rush, and J. Caruso. 1999. Adaptive coloration and gene flow as a constraint to local adaptation in the streamside salamander, Ambystoma barbouri. Evolution 53: 889-898.
    • (1999) Evolution , vol.53 , pp. 889-898
    • Storfer, A.1    Cross, J.2    Rush, V.3    Caruso, J.4
  • 63
    • 0020956467 scopus 로고
    • Gene identity and genetic differentiation of populations in the finite island model
    • Takahata, N. 1983. Gene identity and genetic differentiation of populations in the finite island model. Genetics 104:497-512.
    • (1983) Genetics , vol.104 , pp. 497-512
    • Takahata, N.1
  • 64
    • 0031851675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsatellites isolated from the threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus
    • Taylor, E. B. 1998. Microsatellites isolated from the threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus. Mol. Ecol. 7:930-931.
    • (1998) Mol. Ecol. , vol.7 , pp. 930-931
    • Taylor, E.B.1
  • 65
    • 0034619866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical contingency and ecological determinism interact to prime speciation in sticklebacks, Gasterosteus
    • Taylor, E. B., and J. D. McPhail. 2000. Historical contingency and ecological determinism interact to prime speciation in sticklebacks, Gasterosteus. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. 267: 2375-2384.
    • (2000) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci. , vol.267 , pp. 2375-2384
    • Taylor, E.B.1    McPhail, J.D.2
  • 66
    • 0031408489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parallel evolution of lake-stream pairs of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus) inferred from mitochondrial DNA variation
    • Thompson, C. E., E. B. Taylor, and J. D. McPhail. 1997. Parallel evolution of lake-stream pairs of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus) inferred from mitochondrial DNA variation. Evolution 51:1955-1965.
    • (1997) Evolution , vol.51 , pp. 1955-1965
    • Thompson, C.E.1    Taylor, E.B.2    McPhail, J.D.3
  • 67
    • 0026314562 scopus 로고
    • Genetic methods for estimating the effective size of cetacean populations
    • Waples, R. S. 1991. Genetic methods for estimating the effective size of cetacean populations. Rep. Int. Whaling Comm. Spec. Issue 13:279-300.
    • (1991) Rep. Int. Whaling Comm. Spec. Issue , vol.13 , pp. 279-300
    • Waples, R.S.1
  • 68
    • 0021566877 scopus 로고
    • Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure
    • Weir, B. S., and C. C. Cockerham. 1984. Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure. Evolution 38:1358-1370.
    • (1984) Evolution , vol.38 , pp. 1358-1370
    • Weir, B.S.1    Cockerham, C.C.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.