Reproducibility of performance changes to simulated live high/train low altitude

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise

Volumn 42, Issue 2, 2010, Pages 394-401

  Robertson, Eileen Y ^a,b   Saunders, Philo U ^a   Pyne, David B ^a,b,c   Aughey, Robert J ^d   Anson, Judith M ^a,b   Gore, Christopher J ^a,e  

^a AUSTRALIAN INSTITUTE OF SPORT   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CANBERRA   (Australia)

^c The Australian National University   (Australia)

^d VICTORIA UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^e FLINDERS UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Hemoglobin mass; Maximum aerobic power; Normobaric hypoxia; Repeated exposure; Runners

Indexed keywords

HEMOGLOBIN;

ACCLIMATIZATION; ADULT; ALTITUDE; ANOXIA; ARTICLE; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; AUSTRALIA; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MUSCLE STRENGTH; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PHYSIOLOGY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REPRODUCIBILITY; RUNNING; TIME;

ACCLIMATIZATION; ADULT; ALTITUDE; ANOXIA; ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE; AUSTRALIA; FEMALE; HEMOGLOBINS; HUMANS; MALE; MUSCLE STRENGTH; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; RUNNING; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 75149132141     PISSN: 01959131     EISSN: 15300315     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181b34b57     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Ashenden MJ, Gore CJ, Dobson GP, et al. "Live high, train low" does not change the total haemoglobin mass of male endurance athletes sleeping at a simulated altitude of 3000 m for 23 nights. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1999;80:479-484
2. Ashenden MJ, Gore CJ, Martin DT, et al. Effects of a 12-day "live high, train low" camp on reticulocyte production and haemoglobin mass in elite female road cyclists. Eur J Appl Physiol. 1999;80: 472-478
3. Batterham AM, Hopkins WG. Making meaningful inferences about magnitudes. Int J Sports Physiol Perf. 2006;1:50-57
4. Brugniaux JV, Schmidtt L, Robach P, et al. Eighteen days of "living high, training low" stimulate erythropoiesis and enhance aerobic performance in elite middle-distance runners. J Appl Physiol. 2006;100:203-211
5. Chapman RF, Stray-Gundersen J, Levine BD. Individual variation in response to altitude training. J Appl Physiol. 1998;85:1448-1456
6. Clark SA, Aughey RJ, Gore CJ, et al. Effects of live high, train low hypoxic exposure on lactate metabolism in trained humans. J Appl Physiol. 2004;96:517-525
7. Clark SA, Quod MJ, Clark MA, et al. Time course of haemoglobin mass during 21 days live high:train low simulated altitude. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2009;106:399-406.
8. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioural Sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale (NJ): Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1988.
9. Conley DL, Krahenbuhl GS. Running economy and distance running performance of highly trained athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1980;12(5):357-360
10. Dehnert C, Hutler M, Liu Y, et al. Erythropoiesis and performance after two weeks of living high and training low in well trained triathletes. Int J Sports Med. 2002;23:561-566
11. di Prampero PE. The energy cost of human locomotion on land and in water. Int J Sports Med. 1986;7:55-72.
12. Gore CJ, Clark SA, Saunders PU. Nonhematological mechanisms of improved sea-level performance after hypoxic exposure. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39(9):1600-1609
13. Gore CJ, Hahn AG, Aughey RJ, et al. Live high:train low increases muscle buffer capacity and submaximal cycling efficiency. Acta Physiol Scand. 2001;173:275-286
14. Hahn AG, Gore CJ, Martin DT, et al. An evaluation of the concept of living at moderate altitude and training at sea level. Comp Biochem Physiol. 2001;128:777-789
15. Hopkins WG. A spreadsheet for analysis of straightforward controlled trials. Sportscience [Internet]. 2003 [cited 2008 June 4];7. Available from: http://www.sportsci.org/jour/03/ wghtrials.htm.
16. Hopkins WG. Spreadsheets for analysis of controlled trials, with adjustment for a subject characteristic. Sportscience. 2006; 10:46-50.
17. Hopkins WG. A spreadsheet for deriving a confidence interval, mechanistic inference and clinical inference from a P value. Sportscience. 2007;11:16-20.
18. Hopkins WG, Hawley JA, Burke LM. Design and analysis of research on sport performance enhancement. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999;31(3):472-485
19. Hopkins WG, Hewson DJ. Variability of competitive performance of distance runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(9):1588-1592
20. Hopkins WG, Marshall SW, Batterham AM, et al. Progressive statistics for studies in sports medicine and exercise science. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(1):3-12.
21. Levine BD, Stray-Gundersen J. "Living high-training low": effect of moderate-altitude acclimatization with low-altitude training on performance. J Appl Physiol. 1997;83:102-112
22. Levine BD, Stray-Gundersen J, Gore CJ, et al. Point: Counterpoint. Positive effects of intermittent hypoxia (live high:train low) on exercise performance are mediated primarily by augmented red cell volume. J Appl Physiol. 2005;99:2053-2057
23. Lundby C, Calbet JA, Sander M, et al. Exercise economy does not change after acclimatization to moderate to very high altitude. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2007;17:281-291
24. Nummela A, Rusko H. Acclimatization to altitude and normoxic training improve 400-m running performance at sea-level. J Sports Sci. 2000;18:411-419
25. Prommer N, Schmidt W. Loss of CO from the intravascular bed and its impact on the optimised CO-rebreathing method. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2007;100:383-391
26. Robach P, Schmitt L, Brugniaux JV, et al. Living high-training low: effect on erythropoiesis and maximal aerobic performance in elite Nordic skiers. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2006;97:695-705. (Pubitemid 44145003)
27. Robach P, Schmitt L, Brugniaux JV, et al. Living high-training low: effect on erythropoiesis and aerobic performance in highly-trained swimmers. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2006;96:423-433 (Pubitemid 43309059)
28. Robertson EY, Aughey RJ, Anson J, et al. Effects of simulated and real altitude exposure in elite swimmers. J Strength Cond Res. (in press).
29. Rodriguez FA, Truijens MJ, Townsend NE, et al. Performance of runners and swimmers after four weeks of intermittent hypobaric hypoxic exposure plus sea level training. J Appl Physiol. 2007; 103:1523-1535
30. Saltin B, Astrand PO. Maximal oxygen uptake in athletes. J Appl Physiol. 1967;23:353-358
31. Saunders PU, Telford RD, Pyne DB, et al. Improved running economy in elite runners after 20 days of simulated moderate-altitude exposure. J Appl Physiol. 2004;96:931-937
32. Schabort EJ, Killian SC, St Clair Gibson A, et al. Prediction of triathlon race time from laboratory testing in national triathletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000;32(4):844-849
33. Snell PG, Mitchell JH. The role of maximal oxygen uptake in exercise performance. Clin Chest Med. 1984;5:51-62.
34. Stray-Gundersen J, Chapman RF, Levine BD. "Living high-training low" altitude training improves sea level performance in male and female elite runners. J Appl Physiol. 2001;91:1113-1120
35. Wehrlin JP, Marti B. Live high-train low associated with increased haemoglobin mass as preparation for the 2003 World Championships in two native European world class runners. Br J Sports Med. 2006;40:e3.
36. Wehrlin JP, Zuest P, Hallen J, et al. Live high-train low for 24 days increases hemoglobin mass and red cell volume in elite endurance athletes. J Appl Physiol. 2006;100:1938-1945