메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 261-290

Reaction and transformation of antibacterial agents with aqueous chlorine under relevant water treatment conditions

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 74749103184     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1201/9781420052336     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (5)

References (75)
  • 1
    • 0033383635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: Agents of subtle change?
    • Daughton, C.G. and Ternes, T.A. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: agents of subtle change? Environ. Health Perspectives, 107, 907, 1999.
    • (1999) Environ. Health Perspectives , vol.107 , pp. 907
    • Daughton, C.G.1    Ternes, T.A.2
  • 2
    • 0003441816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National Academy Press, Washington, D.C
    • National Research Council. The Use of Drugs in Food Animals, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1999.
    • (1999) The Use of Drugs in Food Animals
  • 5
    • 85055556911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotics: Actions, Origins, Resistance, ASM Press, Washington, D.C
    • Walsh, C. Antibiotics: Actions, Origins, Resistance, ASM Press, Washington, D.C., 2003.
    • (2003)
    • Walsh, C.1
  • 6
    • 0037085574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. Streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance
    • Kolpin, D.W. et al. Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. Streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 1202, 2002.
    • (2002) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.36 , pp. 1202
    • Kolpin, D.W.1
  • 7
    • 3042611849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous determination of fluoroquinolone, sulfonamide, and trimethoprim antibiotics in wastewater using tandem solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography—Electrospray mass spectrometry
    • Renew, J.E. and Huang, C.-H., Simultaneous determination of fluoroquinolone, sulfonamide, and trimethoprim antibiotics in wastewater using tandem solid phase extraction and liquid chromatography—Electrospray mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 1042, 113, 2004.
    • (2004) J. Chromatogr. A , vol.1042 , pp. 113
    • Renew, J.E.1    Huang, C.-H.2
  • 8
    • 22344439489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transport of chemical and microbial compounds from known wastewater discharges: Potential for use as indicators of human fecal contamination, Environ. Sci
    • Glassmeyer, S.T. et al. Transport of chemical and microbial compounds from known wastewater discharges: Potential for use as indicators of human fecal contamination, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 5157, 2005.
    • (2005) Technol , vol.39 , pp. 5157
    • Glassmeyer, S.T.1
  • 9
    • 0032210734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of drugs in German sewage treatment plants and rivers
    • Ternes, T.A. Occurrence of drugs in German sewage treatment plants and rivers, Water Res., 32, 3245, 1998.
    • (1998) Water Res , vol.32 , pp. 3245
    • Ternes, T.A.1
  • 10
    • 0031935383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identification of fluoroquinolone antibiotics as the main source of umuC genotoxicity in native hospital wastewater
    • Hartmann, A. et al. Identification of fluoroquinolone antibiotics as the main source of umuC genotoxicity in native hospital wastewater, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 17, 377, 1998.
    • (1998) Environ. Toxicol. Chem , vol.17 , pp. 377
    • Hartmann, A.1
  • 11
    • 0032934926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Primary DNA damage but not mutagenicity correlates with ciprofloxacin concentrations in German hospital wastewaters
    • Hartmann, A. et al. Primary DNA damage but not mutagenicity correlates with ciprofloxacin concentrations in German hospital wastewaters, Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 36, 115, 1999.
    • (1999) Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol , vol.36 , pp. 115
    • Hartmann, A.1
  • 12
    • 0033011062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of antibiotics in the environment, Sci
    • Hirsch, R. et al. Occurrence of antibiotics in the environment, Sci. Total Environ., 225, 109, 1999.
    • (1999) Total Environ , vol.225 , pp. 109
    • Hirsch, R.1
  • 13
    • 0032791157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection and identification of sulphonamide drugs in municipal waste water by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry
    • Hartig, C., Storm, T., and Jekel, M. Detection and identification of sulphonamide drugs in municipal waste water by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 854, 163, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Chromatogr. A , vol.854 , pp. 163
    • Hartig, C.1    Storm, T.2    Jekel, M.3
  • 14
    • 0034892129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analytical methods for the determination of pharmaceuticals in aqueous environmental samples
    • Ternes, T.A. Analytical methods for the determination of pharmaceuticals in aqueous environmental samples, Trends Anal. Chem., 20, 419, 2001.
    • (2001) Trends Anal. Chem , vol.20 , pp. 419
    • Ternes, T.A.1
  • 15
    • 0036711595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental exposure and risk assessment of fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents in wastewater and river water of the Glatt Valley watershed, Switzerland
    • Golet, E.M., Alder, A.C., and Giger, W. Environmental exposure and risk assessment of fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents in wastewater and river water of the Glatt Valley watershed, Switzerland, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 3645, 2002.
    • (2002) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.36 , pp. 3645
    • Golet, E.M.1    Alder, A.C.2    Giger, W.3
  • 16
    • 0041709397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Environmental exposure assessment of fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents from sewage to soil
    • Golet, E.M. et al. Environmental exposure assessment of fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents from sewage to soil, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 3243, 2003.
    • (2003) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.37 , pp. 3243
    • Golet, E.M.1
  • 17
    • 3042828263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence of antimicrobials in the final effluents of wastewater treatment plants in Canada
    • Miao, X.-S. et al. Occurrence of antimicrobials in the final effluents of wastewater treatment plants in Canada, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 3542, 2004.
    • (2004) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.38 , pp. 3542
    • Miao, X.-S.1
  • 18
    • 20044394550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Occurrence and sorption behavior of sulfonamides, macrolides, and trimethoprim in activated sludge treatment
    • Göbel, A. et al. Occurrence and sorption behavior of sulfonamides, macrolides, and trimethoprim in activated sludge treatment, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 3981, 2005.
    • (2005) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.39 , pp. 3981
    • Göbel, A.1
  • 19
    • 19044394460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening of human antibiotic substances and determination of weekly mass flows in five sewage treatment plants in Sweden
    • Lindberg, R.H. et al. Screening of human antibiotic substances and determination of weekly mass flows in five sewage treatment plants in Sweden, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 3421, 2005.
    • (2005) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.39 , pp. 3421
    • Lindberg, R.H.1
  • 20
    • 0023794266 scopus 로고
    • High-frequency of antimicrobial resistance in human fecal flora
    • Levy, S.B. et al. High-frequency of antimicrobial resistance in human fecal flora, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 32, 1801, 1988.
    • (1988) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother , vol.32 , pp. 1801
    • Levy, S.B.1
  • 21
    • 10944272743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibacterial resistance worldwide: Causes, challenges and responses
    • Levy, S.B. and Marshall, B. Antibacterial resistance worldwide: causes, challenges and responses, Nature Med., 10, S122, 2004.
    • (2004) Nature Med , vol.10 , pp. S122
    • Levy, S.B.1    Marshall, B.2
  • 22
    • 0023694037 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of a bacteria/plasmid association
    • Bouma, J.E. and Lenski, R.E. Evolution of a bacteria/plasmid association, Nature, 335, 1988.
    • (1988) Nature , pp. 335
    • Bouma, J.E.1    Lenski, R.E.2
  • 23
    • 0030839556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation to the fitness costs of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli
    • Schrag, S.J., Perrot, V., and Levin, B.R. Adaptation to the fitness costs of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli, Proc. Biol. Sci., 264, 1287, 1997.
    • (1997) Proc. Biol. Sci , vol.264 , pp. 1287
    • Schrag, S.J.1    Perrot, V.2    Levin, B.R.3
  • 24
    • 0034009925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple mutations conferring ciprofloxacin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus demonstrate long-term stability in an antibiotic-free environment
    • Jones, M.E. et al. Multiple mutations conferring ciprofloxacin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus demonstrate long-term stability in an antibiotic-free environment, J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 45, 353, 2000.
    • (2000) J. Antimicrob. Chemother , vol.45 , pp. 353
    • Jones, M.E.1
  • 25
    • 12944300984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability of fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates and laboratory-derived mutants
    • Smith-Adam, H.J. et al. Stability of fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates and laboratory-derived mutants, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 49, 846, 2005.
    • (2005) Antimicrob. Agents Chemother , vol.49 , pp. 846
    • Smith-Adam, H.J.1
  • 27
    • 84902417542 scopus 로고
    • Toxicological evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food
    • WHO. Toxicological evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food, WHO Food Additives Ser., 27, 1991.
    • (1991) WHO Food Additives Ser , pp. 27
  • 28
    • 84910529468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicological evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food
    • JECFA 60th meeting of the joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, Toxicological evaluation of certain veterinary drug residues in food, WHO Food Additives Ser., 51, 50, 2003.
    • (2003) WHO Food Additives Ser , vol.51 , pp. 50
  • 29
    • 33845335221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reaction kinetics and transformation of Carbadox and structurally related compounds with aqueous chlorine
    • Shah, A.D., Kim, J.H., and Huang, C.-H. Reaction kinetics and transformation of Carbadox and structurally related compounds with aqueous chlorine, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 7228, 2006.
    • (2006) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.40 , pp. 7228
    • Shah, A.D.1    Kim, J.H.2    Huang, C.-H.3
  • 30
    • 25144432904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions of fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents with aqueous chlorine: Reaction kinetics, mechanisms, and transformation pathways
    • Dodd, M.C. et al. Interactions of fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents with aqueous chlorine: reaction kinetics, mechanisms, and transformation pathways, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 7065, 2005.
    • (2005) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.39 , pp. 7065
    • Dodd, M.C.1
  • 31
    • 7444272013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transformation of the antibacterial agent sulfamethoxazole in reactions with chlorine: Kinetics, mechanisms, and pathways
    • Dodd, M.C. and Huang, C.-H. Transformation of the antibacterial agent sulfamethoxazole in reactions with chlorine: kinetics, mechanisms, and pathways, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 5607, 2004.
    • (2004) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.38 , pp. 5607
    • Dodd, M.C.1    Huang, C.-H.2
  • 32
    • 33846084123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aqueous chlorination of the antibacterial agent trimethoprim: Reaction kinetics and pathways
    • Dodd, M.C. and Huang, C.-H. Aqueous chlorination of the antibacterial agent trimethoprim: Reaction kinetics and pathways, Water Res., 41, 647, 2007.
    • (2007) Water Res , vol.41 , pp. 647
    • Dodd, M.C.1    Huang, C.-H.2
  • 33
    • 85055525738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Off. J. Eur. Commun
    • Commission Regulation No. 2788/98, Off. J. Eur. Commun., 1998.
    • (1998)
  • 34
    • 85055476199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine: Rockville, MD. (Accessed August 16, 2007.)
    • Initial decision on proposed withdrawal of Baytril poultry NADA, http://www.fda.gov/cvm/CVM-updates/baytrilup.htm, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Veterinary Medicine: Rockville, MD. (Accessed August 16, 2007.)
  • 35
    • 0002515716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial combinations
    • Lorian, V., Ed., Waverly and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD
    • Eliopoulos, G.M. and Moellering, R.C.J. Antimicrobial combinations, in Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine, Lorian, V., Ed., Waverly and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD, 1996, 331.
    • (1996) Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine , pp. 331
    • Eliopoulos, G.M.1    Moellering, R.C.J.2
  • 36
    • 18344376078 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sorption and related properties of the swine antibiotic carbadox and associated N-oxide reduced metabolites
    • Strock, T.J., Sassman, S.A., and Lee, L.S. Sorption and related properties of the swine antibiotic carbadox and associated N-oxide reduced metabolites, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 3134, 2005.
    • (2005) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.39 , pp. 3134
    • Strock, T.J.1    Sassman, S.A.2    Lee, L.S.3
  • 37
    • 0035241556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination by fluorimetric titration of the ionization constants of ciprofloxacin in solution and in the presence of liposomes
    • Vázquez, J.L. et al. Determination by fluorimetric titration of the ionization constants of ciprofloxacin in solution and in the presence of liposomes, Photochem. Photobiol., 73, 14, 2001.
    • (2001) Photochem. Photobiol , vol.73 , pp. 14
    • Vázquez, J.L.1
  • 38
    • 0035958306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison between capillary electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, potentiometric, and spectrophotometric techniques for evaluation of pKa values of zwitterionic drugs in acetonitrile-water mixtures
    • Barbosa, J. et al. Comparison between capillary electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, potentiometric, and spectrophotometric techniques for evaluation of pKa values of zwitterionic drugs in acetonitrile-water mixtures, Anal. Chim. Acta, 437, 309, 2001.
    • (2001) Anal. Chim. Acta , vol.437 , pp. 309
    • Barbosa, J.1
  • 39
    • 0034691746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinetic study of the reaction of sulfamethoxazole and glucose under acidic conditions I. Effect of pH and temperature
    • Lucida, H., Parkin, J.E., and Sunderland, V.B. Kinetic study of the reaction of sulfamethoxazole and glucose under acidic conditions I. Effect of pH and temperature, Int. J. Pharm., 202, 47, 2000.
    • (2000) Int. J. Pharm , vol.202 , pp. 47
    • Lucida, H.1    Parkin, J.E.2    Sunderland, V.B.3
  • 40
    • 3042660833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potentiometric determination of acid dissociation constants (PK(a)) for human and veterinary antibiotics
    • Qiang, Z.M. and Adams, C. Potentiometric determination of acid dissociation constants (pK(a)) for human and veterinary antibiotics, Water Res., 38, 2874, 2004.
    • (2004) Water Res , vol.38 , pp. 2874
    • Qiang, Z.M.1    Adams, C.2
  • 41
    • 0039573557 scopus 로고
    • The protonation of 2,4-diaminopyrimidines. I. Dissociation constants and substituent effects
    • Roth, B. and Strelitz, J.Z. The protonation of 2,4-diaminopyrimidines. I. Dissociation constants and substituent effects, J. Org. Chem., 34, 821, 1969.
    • (1969) J. Org. Chem , vol.34 , pp. 821
    • Roth, B.1    Strelitz, J.Z.2
  • 44
    • 85055525491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 87th ed., Lide, D.R., Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
    • CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 87th ed., Lide, D.R., Ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2006.
    • (2006)
  • 45
    • 8544251150 scopus 로고
    • Acid ionization constant of HOCl from 5 to 35°C
    • Morris, J.C. Acid ionization constant of HOCl from 5 to 35°C, J. Phys. Chem., 70, 3798, 1966.
    • (1966) J. Phys. Chem , vol.70 , pp. 3798
    • Morris, J.C.1
  • 46
    • 0001526854 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of reversible chlorine hydrolysis: Temperature dependence and general-acid/base-assisted mechanisms
    • Wang, T.X. and Margerum, D.W. Kinetics of reversible chlorine hydrolysis: temperature dependence and general-acid/base-assisted mechanisms, Inorg. Chem., 33, 1050, 1994.
    • (1994) Inorg. Chem , vol.33 , pp. 1050
    • Wang, T.X.1    Margerum, D.W.2
  • 48
    • 3042521532 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidation of bisphenol A, 17β-estradiol, and 17α-ethynyl estradiol and byproduct estrogenicity
    • Alum, A. et al. Oxidation of bisphenol A, 17β-estradiol, and 17α-ethynyl estradiol and byproduct estrogenicity, Environ. Toxicol., 19, 257, 2004.
    • (2004) Environ. Toxicol , vol.19 , pp. 257
    • Alum, A.1
  • 49
    • 7444223522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aqueous chlorination kinetics of some endocrine disruptors
    • Deborde, M. et al. Aqueous chlorination kinetics of some endocrine disruptors, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 5577, 2004.
    • (2004) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.38 , pp. 5577
    • Deborde, M.1
  • 50
    • 3242714803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transformation of aromatic ether-and amine-containing pharmaceuticals during chlorine disinfection
    • Pinkston, K.E. and Sedlak, D.L. Transformation of aromatic ether-and amine-containing pharmaceuticals during chlorine disinfection, Environ. Sci. Technol., 38, 4019, 2004.
    • (2004) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.38 , pp. 4019
    • Pinkston, K.E.1    Sedlak, D.L.2
  • 51
    • 0036496314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Removal of antibiotics from surface and distilled water in conventional water treatment processes
    • Adams, C. et al. Removal of antibiotics from surface and distilled water in conventional water treatment processes, J. Environ. Eng., 128, 253, 2002.
    • (2002) J. Environ. Eng , vol.128 , pp. 253
    • Adams, C.1
  • 52
    • 33745622113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidation of sulfonamides, macrolides, and carbadox with free chlorine and monochloramine
    • Chamberlain, E. and Adams, C. Oxidation of sulfonamides, macrolides, and carbadox with free chlorine and monochloramine, Water Res., 40, 2517, 2006.
    • (2006) Water Res , vol.40 , pp. 2517
    • Chamberlain, E.1    Adams, C.2
  • 53
    • 0346121358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Products of aqueous chlorination of 17β-estradiol and their estrogenic activities
    • Hu, J. et al. Products of aqueous chlorination of 17β-estradiol and their estrogenic activities, Environ. Sci. Technol., 37, 5665, 2003.
    • (2003) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.37 , pp. 5665
    • Hu, J.1
  • 54
    • 31144455945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transformation of acetaminophen by chlorination produces the toxicants 1,4-benzoquinone and N-Acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine
    • Bedner, M. and MacCrehan, W.A. Transformation of acetaminophen by chlorination produces the toxicants 1,4-benzoquinone and N-Acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine, Environ. Sci. Technol., 40, 516, 2006.
    • (2006) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.40 , pp. 516
    • Bedner, M.1    Maccrehan, W.A.2
  • 55
    • 13544260705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Naproxen removal from water by chlorination and biofilm processes
    • Boyd, G.R., Zhang, S.Z., and Grimm, D.A. Naproxen removal from water by chlorination and biofilm processes, Water Res., 39, 668, 2005.
    • (2005) Water Res , vol.39 , pp. 668
    • Boyd, G.R.1    Zhang, S.Z.2    Grimm, D.A.3
  • 56
    • 0021279716 scopus 로고
    • The kinetics and products of the chlorination of caffeine in aqueous solution
    • Gould, J.P. and Richards, J.T. The kinetics and products of the chlorination of caffeine in aqueous solution, Water Res., 18, 1001, 1984.
    • (1984) Water Res , vol.18 , pp. 1001
    • Gould, J.P.1    Richards, J.T.2
  • 57
    • 18444383990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Formation of chloroform and chlorinated organics by free-chlorine-mediated oxidation of triclosan
    • Rule, K.L., Ebbett, V.R., and Vikesland, P.J. Formation of chloroform and chlorinated organics by free-chlorine-mediated oxidation of triclosan, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 3176, 2005.
    • (2005) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.39 , pp. 3176
    • Rule, K.L.1    Ebbett, V.R.2    Vikesland, P.J.3
  • 58
    • 24644507816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fate of endocrine-disruptor pharmaceutical, and personal care product chemicals during simulated drinking water treatment processes
    • Westerhoff, P. et al. Fate of endocrine-disruptor pharmaceutical, and personal care product chemicals during simulated drinking water treatment processes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 6649, 2005.
    • (2005) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.39 , pp. 6649
    • Westerhoff, P.1
  • 59
    • 0036497016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlorination of phenols: Kinetics and formation of chloroform
    • Gallard, H. and von Gunten, U. Chlorination of phenols: kinetics and formation of chloroform, Environ. Sci. Technol., 36, 884, 2002.
    • (2002) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.36 , pp. 884
    • Gallard, H.1    Von Gunten, U.2
  • 60
    • 12344327329 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reactivity and transformation of antibacterial N-oxides in the presence of manganese oxide
    • Zhang, H. and Huang, C.-H. Reactivity and transformation of antibacterial N-oxides in the presence of manganese oxide, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 593, 2005.
    • (2005) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.39 , pp. 593
    • Zhang, H.1    Huang, C.-H.2
  • 61
    • 85055505924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, APHA, AWWA, WPCF, Washington, D.C
    • APHA, Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, APHA, AWWA, WPCF, Washington, D.C., 1998.
    • (1998)
  • 62
    • 0030200686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aqueous chlorination kinetics and mechanism of substituted dihydroxybenzenes
    • Rebenne, L.M., Gonzalez, A.C., and Olson, T.M. Aqueous chlorination kinetics and mechanism of substituted dihydroxybenzenes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 30, 2235, 1996.
    • (1996) Environ. Sci. Technol , vol.30 , pp. 2235
    • Rebenne, L.M.1    Gonzalez, A.C.2    Olson, T.M.3
  • 63
    • 0000712070 scopus 로고
    • Non-metal redox kinetics: Hypochlorite and hypochlorous acid reactions with cyanide
    • Gerritsen, C.M. and Margerum, D.W. Non-metal redox kinetics: hypochlorite and hypochlorous acid reactions with cyanide, Inorg. Chem., 29, 2757, 1990.
    • (1990) Inorg. Chem , vol.29 , pp. 2757
    • Gerritsen, C.M.1    Margerum, D.W.2
  • 64
    • 33746500181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring the speciation of aqueous free chlorine from pH 1 to 12 with Raman spectroscopy to determine the identity of the potent low-pH oxidant
    • Cherney, D.P. et al. Monitoring the speciation of aqueous free chlorine from pH 1 to 12 with Raman spectroscopy to determine the identity of the potent low-pH oxidant, Appl. Spectrosc., 60, 764, 2006.
    • (2006) Appl. Spectrosc , vol.60 , pp. 764
    • Cherney, D.P.1
  • 65
    • 0002646786 scopus 로고
    • Survey of water utilities disinfection practices
    • Haas, C.N. et al. Survey of water utilities disinfection practices, J. AWWA, 84, 121, 1992.
    • (1992) J. AWWA , vol.84 , pp. 121
    • Haas, C.N.1
  • 67
    • 0017597875 scopus 로고
    • Nitrones. 7. Alpha-quinoxalinyl-N-substituted nitrone 1,4-dioxides
    • Kim, H.K. et al. Nitrones. 7. Alpha-quinoxalinyl-N-substituted nitrone 1,4-dioxides, J. Med. Chem., 20, 557, 1977.
    • (1977) J. Med. Chem , vol.20 , pp. 557
    • Kim, H.K.1
  • 68
    • 0018086175 scopus 로고
    • Mode of action of quindoxin and substituted quinoxaline-di-N-oxides on escherichia-coli, Antimicrob
    • Suter, W., Rosselet, A., and Knusel, F. Mode of action of quindoxin and substituted quinoxaline-di-N-oxides on escherichia-coli, Antimicrob. Agents Ch., 13, 770, 1978.
    • (1978) Agents Ch , vol.13 , pp. 770
    • Suter, W.1    Rosselet, A.2    Knusel, F.3
  • 69
    • 0032518789 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oxidation of aliphatic amines by aqueous chlorine
    • Abia, L. et al. Oxidation of aliphatic amines by aqueous chlorine, Tetrahedron, 54, 521, 1998.
    • (1998) Tetrahedron , vol.54 , pp. 521
    • Abia, L.1
  • 70
    • 0003806414 scopus 로고
    • Kinetics of reactions between aqueous chlorine and nitrogen compounds
    • Faust, S.D. and Hunter, J.V., Eds., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York
    • Morris, J.C. Kinetics of reactions between aqueous chlorine and nitrogen compounds, in Principles and Applications of Water Chemistry, Faust, S.D. and Hunter, J.V., Eds., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1967, 23.
    • (1967) Principles and Applications of Water Chemistry , pp. 23
    • Morris, J.C.1
  • 71
    • 0000320148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility to antibiotics: Species incidence and trends
    • Lorian, V., Ed., Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD
    • Wiedemann, B. and Grimm, H. Susceptibility to antibiotics: Species incidence and trends, in Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine, Lorian, V., Ed., Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD, 1996, 900.
    • (1996) Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine , pp. 900
    • Wiedemann, B.1    Grimm, H.2
  • 72
    • 0024546107 scopus 로고
    • Mechanism of inhibition of DNA gyrase by quinolone antibacterials: A cooperative drug-DNA binding model
    • Shen, L.L. et al. Mechanism of inhibition of DNA gyrase by quinolone antibacterials: a cooperative drug-DNA binding model, Biochemistry, 28, 3886, 1989.
    • (1989) Biochemistry , vol.28 , pp. 3886
    • Shen, L.L.1
  • 73
    • 0027493984 scopus 로고
    • N-Chlorination of sulfamethoxazole and dapsone by the myeloperoxidase system
    • Uetrecht, J.P., Shear, N.H., and Zahid, N. N-Chlorination of sulfamethoxazole and dapsone by the myeloperoxidase system, Drug Metab. Dispos., 21, 830, 1993.
    • (1993) Drug Metab. Dispos , vol.21 , pp. 830
    • Uetrecht, J.P.1    Shear, N.H.2    Zahid, N.3
  • 74
    • 0002291393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of action for antimicrobial agents: General principles and mechanisms for selected classes of antibiotics
    • Lorian, V., Ed., Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD
    • Stratton, C.W. Mechanisms of action for antimicrobial agents: general principles and mechanisms for selected classes of antibiotics, in Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine, Lorian, V., Ed., Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD, 1996, 579.
    • (1996) Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine , pp. 579
    • Stratton, C.W.1
  • 75
    • 0032717171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance of three immortalized human hepatocyte cell lines to acetaminophen and N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine toxicity
    • McCloskey, P. et al. Resistance of three immortalized human hepatocyte cell lines to acetaminophen and N-acetyl-p-benzoquinoneimine toxicity, J. Hepatology, 31, 841, 1999.
    • (1999) J. Hepatology , vol.31 , pp. 841
    • McCloskey, P.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.