메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 103, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 83-96

Feedback from peripheral musculature to central pattern generator in the neurogenic heart of the crab Callinectes sapidus: Role of mechanosensitive dendrites

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; BLUE CRAB; CARDIAC ANXIETY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DENDRITE; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; FEMALE; GANGLION; HEART MUSCLE; MALE; MOTONEURON; NONHUMAN; PATTERN GENERATOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

EID: 74049101095     PISSN: 00223077     EISSN: 15221598     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jn.00561.2009     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (12)

References (63)
  • 1
    • 0000664125 scopus 로고
    • The innervation of the heart of the Crustacea. I. Decapoda
    • Alexandrowicz JS. The innervation of the heart of the Crustacea. I. Decapoda. Q J Microscop Sci 75: 181-249, 1932.
    • (1932) Q J Microscop Sci , vol.75 , pp. 181-249
    • Alexandrowicz, J.S.1
  • 2
    • 0015136985 scopus 로고
    • Neural activation of the heart of the lobster, Homarus americanus
    • Anderson M, Cooke IM. Neural activation of the heart of the lobster, Homarus americanus. J Exp Biol 55: 449-468, 1971.
    • (1971) J Exp Biol , vol.55 , pp. 449-468
    • Anderson, M.1    Cooke, I.M.2
  • 3
    • 25444456362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proprioceptor regulation of motor circuit activity by presynaptic inhibition of a modulatory projection neuron
    • Beenhakker MP, DeLong ND, Saideman SR, Nadim F, Nusbaum MP. Proprioceptor regulation of motor circuit activity by presynaptic inhibition of a modulatory projection neuron. J Neurosci 25: 8794-8806, 2005.
    • (2005) J Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 8794-8806
    • Beenhakker, M.P.1    DeLong, N.D.2    Saideman, S.R.3    Nadim, F.4    Nusbaum, M.P.5
  • 4
    • 37549058038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanosensory gating of proprioceptor input to modulatory projection neurons
    • Beenhakker MP, Kirby MS, Nusbaum MP. Mechanosensory gating of proprioceptor input to modulatory projection neurons. J Neurosci 27: 14308-14316, 2007.
    • (2007) J Neurosci , vol.27 , pp. 14308-14316
    • Beenhakker, M.P.1    Kirby, M.S.2    Nusbaum, M.P.3
  • 5
    • 61949204419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond control: The dynamics of brain-body-environment interaction in motor systems
    • Beer RD. Beyond control: the dynamics of brain-body-environment interaction in motor systems. Adv Exp Med Biol 629: 7-24, 2009.
    • (2009) Adv Exp Med Biol , vol.629 , pp. 7-24
    • Beer, R.D.1
  • 6
    • 0019049350 scopus 로고
    • Burst reset and frequency control of the neuronal oscillators in the cardiac ganglion of the crab, Portunus sanguinolentus
    • Benson JA. Burst reset and frequency control of the neuronal oscillators in the cardiac ganglion of the crab, Portunus sanguinolentus. J Exp Biol 87: 285-313, 1980.
    • (1980) J Exp Biol , vol.87 , pp. 285-313
    • Benson, J.A.1
  • 7
    • 0008926346 scopus 로고
    • Feedback from motor neurones to pacemaker neurones in lobster cardiac ganglion contributes to regulation of burst frequency
    • Berlind A. Feedback from motor neurones to pacemaker neurones in lobster cardiac ganglion contributes to regulation of burst frequency. J Exp Biol 141: 277-294, 1989.
    • (1989) J Exp Biol , vol.141 , pp. 277-294
    • Berlind, A.1
  • 9
    • 63849264275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensory feedback induced by front-leg stepping entrains the activity of central pattern generators in caudal segments of the stick insect walking system
    • Borgmann A, Hooper SL, Büschges A. Sensory feedback induced by front-leg stepping entrains the activity of central pattern generators in caudal segments of the stick insect walking system. J Neurosci 29: 2972-2983, 2009.
    • (2009) J Neurosci , vol.29 , pp. 2972-2983
    • Borgmann, A.1    Hooper, S.L.2    Büschges, A.3
  • 10
    • 13944254873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling neuromuscular modulation in Aplysia. III. Interaction of central motor commands and peripheral modulatory state for optimal behavior
    • Brezina V, Horn CC, Weiss KR. Modeling neuromuscular modulation in Aplysia. III. Interaction of central motor commands and peripheral modulatory state for optimal behavior. J Neurophysiol 93: 1523-1556, 2005.
    • (2005) J Neurophysiol , vol.93 , pp. 1523-1556
    • Brezina, V.1    Horn, C.C.2    Weiss, K.R.3
  • 11
    • 0030576529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional uncoupling of linked neurotransmitter effects by combinatorial convergence
    • Brezina V, Orekhova IV, Weiss KR. Functional uncoupling of linked neurotransmitter effects by combinatorial convergence. Science 273: 806-810, 1996.
    • (1996) Science , vol.273 , pp. 806-810
    • Brezina, V.1    Orekhova, I.V.2    Weiss, K.R.3
  • 12
    • 0033976473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neuromuscular transform: The dynamic, nonlinear link between motor neuron firing patterns and muscle contraction in rhythmic behaviors
    • Brezina V, Orekhova IV, Weiss KR. The neuromuscular transform: the dynamic, nonlinear link between motor neuron firing patterns and muscle contraction in rhythmic behaviors. J Neurophysiol 83: 207-231, 2000a.
    • (2000) J Neurophysiol , vol.83 , pp. 207-231
    • Brezina, V.1    Orekhova, I.V.2    Weiss, K.R.3
  • 13
    • 0033982834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimization of rhythmic behaviors by modulation of the neuromuscular transform
    • Brezina V, Orekhova IV, Weiss KR. Optimization of rhythmic behaviors by modulation of the neuromuscular transform. J Neurophysiol 83: 260-279, 2000b.
    • (2000) J Neurophysiol , vol.83 , pp. 260-279
    • Brezina, V.1    Orekhova, I.V.2    Weiss, K.R.3
  • 14
    • 14144256107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensory control and organization of neural networks mediating coordination of multisegmental organs for locomotion
    • Büschges A. Sensory control and organization of neural networks mediating coordination of multisegmental organs for locomotion. J Neurophysiol 93: 1127-1135, 2005.
    • (2005) J Neurophysiol , vol.93 , pp. 1127-1135
    • Büschges, A.1
  • 15
    • 0344301851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensory pathways and their modulation in the control of locomotion
    • Büschges A, El Manira A. Sensory pathways and their modulation in the control of locomotion. Curr Opin Neurobiol 8: 733-739, 1998.
    • (1998) Curr Opin Neurobiol , vol.8 , pp. 733-739
    • Büschges, A.1    El Manira, A.2
  • 16
    • 0030665641 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The brain has a body: Adaptive behavior emerges from interactions of nervous system, body and environment
    • Chiel HJ, Beer RD. The brain has a body: adaptive behavior emerges from interactions of nervous system, body and environment. Trends Neurosci 20: 553-557, 1997.
    • (1997) Trends Neurosci , vol.20 , pp. 553-557
    • Chiel, H.J.1    Beer, R.D.2
  • 18
    • 0026621637 scopus 로고
    • The role of heterarchical control in the evolution of the central pattern generator for locomotion
    • Cohen AH. The role of heterarchical control in the evolution of the central pattern generator for locomotion. Brain Behav Evol 40: 112-124, 1992.
    • (1992) Brain Behav Evol , vol.40 , pp. 112-124
    • Cohen, A.H.1
  • 19
    • 0023686227 scopus 로고
    • Studies on the crustacean cardiac ganglion
    • Cooke IM. Studies on the crustacean cardiac ganglion. Comp Biochem Physiol C 91: 205-218, 1988.
    • (1988) Comp Biochem Physiol C , vol.91 , pp. 205-218
    • Cooke, I.M.1
  • 20
    • 0036011185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reliable, responsive pacemaking and pattern generation with minimal cell numbers: The crustacean cardiac ganglion
    • Cooke IM. Reliable, responsive pacemaking and pattern generation with minimal cell numbers: the crustacean cardiac ganglion. Biol Bull 202: 108-136, 2002.
    • (2002) Biol Bull , vol.202 , pp. 108-136
    • Cooke, I.M.1
  • 21
    • 74049136720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cooke IM, Sullivan RE. Hormones and neurosecretion. In: The Biology of Crustacea. Neurobiology: Structure and Function, edited by Atwood HL, Sandeman DC. New York: Academic, 1982 3, p. 205-290.
    • Cooke IM, Sullivan RE. Hormones and neurosecretion. In: The Biology of Crustacea. Neurobiology: Structure and Function, edited by Atwood HL, Sandeman DC. New York: Academic, 1982 vol. 3, p. 205-290.
  • 22
    • 0034448970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localization of GABA- and glutamate-like immunoreactivity in the cardiac ganglion of the lobster Panulirus argus
    • Delgado J, Oyala E, Miller MW. Localization of GABA- and glutamate-like immunoreactivity in the cardiac ganglion of the lobster Panulirus argus. J Neurocytol 29: 605-619, 2000.
    • (2000) J Neurocytol , vol.29 , pp. 605-619
    • Delgado, J.1    Oyala, E.2    Miller, M.W.3
  • 23
    • 8644254216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of an integrated central pattern generator-effector system: Dopaminergic regulation of cardiac activity in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus
    • Fort TJ, Brezina V, Miller MW. Modulation of an integrated central pattern generator-effector system: dopaminergic regulation of cardiac activity in the blue crab Callinectes sapidus. J Neurophysiol 92: 3455-3470, 2004.
    • (2004) J Neurophysiol , vol.92 , pp. 3455-3470
    • Fort, T.J.1    Brezina, V.2    Miller, M.W.3
  • 24
    • 36249026487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the crab heartbeat by FMRFamide-like peptides: Multiple interacting effects on center and periphery
    • Fort TJ, Brezina V, Miller MW. Regulation of the crab heartbeat by FMRFamide-like peptides: multiple interacting effects on center and periphery. J Neurophysiol 98: 2887-2902, 2007a.
    • (2007) J Neurophysiol , vol.98 , pp. 2887-2902
    • Fort, T.J.1    Brezina, V.2    Miller, M.W.3
  • 25
    • 34447340956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulation of the crab heartbeat by crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP): Central and peripheral actions
    • Fort TJ, García-Crescioni K, Agricola H-J, Brezina V, Miller MW. Regulation of the crab heartbeat by crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP): central and peripheral actions. J Neurophysiol 97: 3407-3420, 2007b.
    • (2007) J Neurophysiol , vol.97 , pp. 3407-3420
    • Fort, T.J.1    García-Crescioni, K.2    Agricola, H.-J.3    Brezina, V.4    Miller, M.W.5
  • 26
    • 74049130081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • García-Crescioni K, Stern E, Brezina V, Miller MW. Exploring the role of feedback in a simple central pattern generator network. Soc Neurosci Abstr 375.24, 2008.
    • García-Crescioni K, Stern E, Brezina V, Miller MW. Exploring the role of feedback in a simple central pattern generator network. Soc Neurosci Abstr 375.24, 2008.
  • 27
    • 26644447136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide: An inhibitory retrograde modulator in the crustacean heart
    • Goy MF. Nitric oxide: an inhibitory retrograde modulator in the crustacean heart. Comp Biochem Physiol A Physiol 142: 151-163, 2005.
    • (2005) Comp Biochem Physiol A Physiol , vol.142 , pp. 151-163
    • Goy, M.F.1
  • 28
    • 0001288607 scopus 로고
    • Nervous activities of the heart of Crustacea. Ergeb Biol
    • Hagiwara S. Nervous activities of the heart of Crustacea. Ergeb Biol 24: 287-311, 1961.
    • (1961) , vol.24 , pp. 287-311
    • Hagiwara, S.1
  • 29
    • 0014142749 scopus 로고
    • Impulse identification and axon mapping of the nine neurons in the cardiac ganglion of the lobster, Homarus americanus
    • Hartline DK. Impulse identification and axon mapping of the nine neurons in the cardiac ganglion of the lobster, Homarus americanus. J Exp Biol 47: 327-340, 1967.
    • (1967) J Exp Biol , vol.47 , pp. 327-340
    • Hartline, D.K.1
  • 30
    • 0001773408 scopus 로고
    • Integrative neurophysiology of the lobster cardiac ganglion
    • Hartline DK. Integrative neurophysiology of the lobster cardiac ganglion. Am Zool 19: 53-65, 1979.
    • (1979) Am Zool , vol.19 , pp. 53-65
    • Hartline, D.K.1
  • 31
    • 0030114642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coupling the neural and physical dynamics in rhythmic movements
    • Hatsopoulos NG. Coupling the neural and physical dynamics in rhythmic movements. Neural Comput 8: 567-581, 1996.
    • (1996) Neural Comput , vol.8 , pp. 567-581
    • Hatsopoulos, N.G.1
  • 32
    • 0034696768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chaotic or periodic variation? Looking at Crustacea hearts
    • Hokkanen JEI. Chaotic or periodic variation? Looking at Crustacea hearts. J Theor Biol 203: 451-454, 2000.
    • (2000) J Theor Biol , vol.203 , pp. 451-454
    • Hokkanen, J.E.I.1
  • 33
    • 33645137390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensory feedback mechanisms underlying entrainment of central pattern generator to mechanical resonance
    • Iwasaki T, Zheng M. Sensory feedback mechanisms underlying entrainment of central pattern generator to mechanical resonance. Biol Cybern 94: 245-261, 2006.
    • (2006) Biol Cybern , vol.94 , pp. 245-261
    • Iwasaki, T.1    Zheng, M.2
  • 34
    • 7644238181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological robustness
    • Kitano H. Biological robustness. Nat Rev Gen 5: 826-837, 2004.
    • (2004) Nat Rev Gen , vol.5 , pp. 826-837
    • Kitano, H.1
  • 35
    • 0000602784 scopus 로고
    • Effects of perfusion pressure on the isolated heart of the lobster, Panulirus japonicus
    • Kuramoto T, Ebara A. Effects of perfusion pressure on the isolated heart of the lobster, Panulirus japonicus. J Exp Biol 109: 121-140, 1984.
    • (1984) J Exp Biol , vol.109 , pp. 121-140
    • Kuramoto, T.1    Ebara, A.2
  • 36
    • 0021843251 scopus 로고
    • Effects of perfusion pressure on the bursting neurons in the intact or segmental cardiac ganglion of the lobster, Panulirus japonicus
    • Kuramoto T, Ebara A. Effects of perfusion pressure on the bursting neurons in the intact or segmental cardiac ganglion of the lobster, Panulirus japonicus. J Neurosci Res 13: 569-580, 1985.
    • (1985) J Neurosci Res , vol.13 , pp. 569-580
    • Kuramoto, T.1    Ebara, A.2
  • 38
    • 0019731419 scopus 로고
    • Transient, axotomy-induced changes in the membrane properties of crayfish central neurons
    • Kuwada JY, Wine JJ. Transient, axotomy-induced changes in the membrane properties of crayfish central neurons. J Physiol 317: 435-461, 1981.
    • (1981) J Physiol , vol.317 , pp. 435-461
    • Kuwada, J.Y.1    Wine, J.J.2
  • 39
    • 1642307002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nitric oxide inhibits the rate and strength of cardiac contractions in the lobster Homarus americanus by acting on the cardiac ganglion
    • Mahadevan A, Lappé J, Rhyne RT, Cruz-Bermúdez ND, Marder E, Goy MF. Nitric oxide inhibits the rate and strength of cardiac contractions in the lobster Homarus americanus by acting on the cardiac ganglion. J Neurosci 24: 2813-2824, 2004.
    • (2004) J Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 2813-2824
    • Mahadevan, A.1    Lappé, J.2    Rhyne, R.T.3    Cruz-Bermúdez, N.D.4    Marder, E.5    Goy, M.F.6
  • 40
    • 0015821448 scopus 로고
    • Functional organization of the cardiac ganglion of the lobster, Homarus americanus
    • Mayeri E. Functional organization of the cardiac ganglion of the lobster, Homarus americanus. J Gen Physiol 62: 448-472, 1973.
    • (1973) J Gen Physiol , vol.62 , pp. 448-472
    • Mayeri, E.1
  • 41
    • 0002415830 scopus 로고
    • The Physiology of Crustaceans
    • edited by New York: Academic
    • Maynard DM. Circulation and heart function. In: The Physiology of Crustaceans, edited by Waterman TH. New York: Academic, 1960, vol. 1, p. 161-226.
    • (1960) Circulation and heart function , vol.1 , pp. 161-226
    • Maynard, D.M.1
  • 43
    • 33750189868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing sensory function in locomotor systems using neuro-mechanical simulations
    • Pearson K, Ekeberg Ö, Büschges A. Assessing sensory function in locomotor systems using neuro-mechanical simulations. Trends Neurosci 29: 625-631, 2006.
    • (2006) Trends Neurosci , vol.29 , pp. 625-631
    • Pearson, K.1    Ekeberg, O.2    Büschges, A.3
  • 44
    • 74049142697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pearson KG, Ramirez J-M. Sensory modulation of pattern-generating circuits. In: Neurons, Networks, and Motor Behavior, edited by Stein PSG, Grillner S, Selverston AI, Stuart DG. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997, p. 225-235.
    • Pearson KG, Ramirez J-M. Sensory modulation of pattern-generating circuits. In: Neurons, Networks, and Motor Behavior, edited by Stein PSG, Grillner S, Selverston AI, Stuart DG. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997, p. 225-235.
  • 45
    • 34948895535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neuromechanical tuning hypothesis
    • Prochazka A, Yakovenko S. The neuromechanical tuning hypothesis. Prog Brain Res 165: 255-265, 2007.
    • (2007) Prog Brain Res , vol.165 , pp. 255-265
    • Prochazka, A.1    Yakovenko, S.2
  • 47
    • 0037235016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tension sensitivity of the heart pacemaker neurons in the isopod crustacean. Ligia pallasii
    • Sakurai A, Wilkens JL. Tension sensitivity of the heart pacemaker neurons in the isopod crustacean. Ligia pallasii. J Exp Biol 206: 105-115, 2003.
    • (2003) J Exp Biol , vol.206 , pp. 105-115
    • Sakurai, A.1    Wilkens, J.L.2
  • 48
    • 0037152544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expression of nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide-sensitive guanylate cyclase in the crustacean cardiac ganglion
    • Scholz NL, Labenia JS, DeVente J, Graubard K, Goy MF. Expression of nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide-sensitive guanylate cyclase in the crustacean cardiac ganglion. J Comp Neurol 454: 158-167, 2002.
    • (2002) J Comp Neurol , vol.454 , pp. 158-167
    • Scholz, N.L.1    Labenia, J.S.2    DeVente, J.3    Graubard, K.4    Goy, M.F.5
  • 49
    • 4644339499 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Afferent-induced changes in rhythmic motor programs in the feeding circuitry of Aplysia
    • Shetreat-Klein AN, Cropper EC. Afferent-induced changes in rhythmic motor programs in the feeding circuitry of Aplysia. J Neurophysiol 92: 2312-2322, 2004.
    • (2004) J Neurophysiol , vol.92 , pp. 2312-2322
    • Shetreat-Klein, A.N.1    Cropper, E.C.2
  • 52
    • 74049095811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stern E, García-Crescioni K, Miller MW, Peskin CS, Brezina V. Modeling the complete cardiac ganglion-heart muscle network of the crab Callinectes sapidus. Soc Neurosci Abstr 376.14, 2008.
    • Stern E, García-Crescioni K, Miller MW, Peskin CS, Brezina V. Modeling the complete cardiac ganglion-heart muscle network of the crab Callinectes sapidus. Soc Neurosci Abstr 376.14, 2008.
  • 53
    • 74049130523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stern E, García-Crescioni K, Miller MW, Peskin CS, Brezina V. Kernel-based decoding of feedback from muscle contractions onto an autoactive central pattern generator. Soc Neurosci Abstr 486.26, 2009a.
    • Stern E, García-Crescioni K, Miller MW, Peskin CS, Brezina V. Kernel-based decoding of feedback from muscle contractions onto an autoactive central pattern generator. Soc Neurosci Abstr 486.26, 2009a.
  • 55
    • 0018748869 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous electrical activity and interaction of large and small cells in the cardiac ganglion of the crab, Portunus sanguinolentus
    • Tazaki K, Cooke IM. Spontaneous electrical activity and interaction of large and small cells in the cardiac ganglion of the crab, Portunus sanguinolentus. J Neurophysiol 42: 975-999, 1979.
    • (1979) J Neurophysiol , vol.42 , pp. 975-999
    • Tazaki, K.1    Cooke, I.M.2
  • 56
    • 0001334148 scopus 로고
    • Topographical localization of function in the cardiac ganglion of the crab, Portunus sanguinolentus
    • Tazaki K, Cooke IM. Topographical localization of function in the cardiac ganglion of the crab, Portunus sanguinolentus. J Comp Physiol 151: 311-328, 1983a.
    • (1983) J Comp Physiol , vol.151 , pp. 311-328
    • Tazaki, K.1    Cooke, I.M.2
  • 57
    • 0020876313 scopus 로고
    • Neural mechanisms underlying rhythmic bursts in crustacean cardiac ganglia
    • edited by Roberts A, Roberts B. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press
    • Tazaki K, Cooke IM. Neural mechanisms underlying rhythmic bursts in crustacean cardiac ganglia. In: Neural Origin of Rhythmic Movements, Symp Soc Exp Biol, edited by Roberts A, Roberts B. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1983b, vol. 37, p. 129-157.
    • (1983) Neural Origin of Rhythmic Movements, Symp Soc Exp Biol , vol.37 , pp. 129-157
    • Tazaki, K.1    Cooke, I.M.2
  • 58
    • 0025101132 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of Ca current underlying burst formation in lobster cardiac ganglion neurons
    • Tazaki K, Cooke IM. Characterization of Ca current underlying burst formation in lobster cardiac ganglion neurons. J Neurophysiol 63: 370-384, 1990.
    • (1990) J Neurophysiol , vol.63 , pp. 370-384
    • Tazaki, K.1    Cooke, I.M.2
  • 59
    • 0025835338 scopus 로고
    • Similar neuronal alterations induced by axonal injury and learning in Aplysia
    • Walters ET, Alizadeh H, Castro GA. Similar neuronal alterations induced by axonal injury and learning in Aplysia. Science 253: 797-799, 1991.
    • (1991) Science , vol.253 , pp. 797-799
    • Walters, E.T.1    Alizadeh, H.2    Castro, G.A.3
  • 60
    • 74049098836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wallén P. Spinal networks and sensory feedback in the control of undulatory swimming in lamprey. In: Neurons, Networks, and Motor Behavior, edited by Stein PSG, Grillner S, Selverston AI, Stuart DG. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997, p. 75-81.
    • Wallén P. Spinal networks and sensory feedback in the control of undulatory swimming in lamprey. In: Neurons, Networks, and Motor Behavior, edited by Stein PSG, Grillner S, Selverston AI, Stuart DG. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1997, p. 75-81.
  • 62
    • 0000147455 scopus 로고
    • Electrical activity of a simple ganglion
    • Welsh JH, Maynard DM. Electrical activity of a simple ganglion. Fed Proc 10:145, 1951.
    • (1951) Fed Proc , vol.10 , pp. 145
    • Welsh, J.H.1    Maynard, D.M.2
  • 63
    • 0000477789 scopus 로고
    • Re-evaluation of the stretch sensitivity hypothesis of crustacean hearts: Hypoxia, not lack of stretch, causes reduction in heart rate of isolated hearts
    • Wilkens JL. Re-evaluation of the stretch sensitivity hypothesis of crustacean hearts: hypoxia, not lack of stretch, causes reduction in heart rate of isolated hearts. J Exp Biol 176: 223-232, 1993.
    • (1993) J Exp Biol , vol.176 , pp. 223-232
    • Wilkens, J.L.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.