Back muscle activation patterns in chronic low back pain during walking: A "guarding" hypothesis

Clinical Journal of Pain

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 30-37

  Van Der Hulst, Marije ^a,b   Vollenbroek Hutten, Miriam M ^b,c   Rietman, Johan S ^a,b,c   Schaake, Leendert ^a   Groothuis Oudshoorn, Karin G ^a   Hermens, Hermanus J ^a,c  

^a ROESSINGH RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT   (Netherlands)

^b Rehabilitation Centre Het Roessingh   (Netherlands)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TWENTE   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Chronic low back pain; Fear; Gait; Guarding; Muscle activity

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; BACK MUSCLE; CHRONIC PAIN; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTROMYOGRAPHY; FEMALE; GAIT; HUMAN; KINEMATICS; LOW BACK PAIN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE RELAXATION; PHYSIOTHERAPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; STRUCTURED QUESTIONNAIRE; TREADMILL; VISUAL ANALOG SCALE; WALKING; WALKING DIFFICULTY;

EID: 74049100568     PISSN: 07498047     EISSN: 15365409     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e3181b40eca     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Main CJ, Watson PJ. Guarded movements: development of chronicity. J Musculoskeletal Pain. 1996;4:163-170.
2. Ahern DK, Follick MJ, Council JR, et al. Comparison of lumbar paravertebral EMG patterns in chronic low back pain patients and non-patient controls. Pain. 1988;34:153-160.
3. Geisser ME, Ranavaya M, Haig AJ, et al. A meta-analytic review of surface electromyography among persons with low back pain and normal, healthy controls. J Pain. 2005;6: 711-726.
4. Watson PJ, Booker CK, Main CJ, et al. Surface electromyo-graphy in the identification of chronic low back pain patients: the development of the flexion relaxation ratio. Clin Biomech. 1997;12:165-171.
5. Winter DA, Yack HJ. EMG profiles during normal human walking: stride-to-stride and inter-subject variability. Electro-encephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1987;67:402-411.
6. Ahern DK, Follick MJ, Council JR, et al. Reliability of lumbar paravertebral EMG assessment in chronic low back pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1986;67:762-765.
7. Vogt L, Pfeifer K, Banzer W. Neuromuscular control of walking with chronic low-back pain. Man Ther. 2003;8:21-28.
8. Arendt-Nielsen L, Graven-Nielsen T, Svarrer H, et al. The influence of low back pain on muscle activity and coordination during gait: a clinical and experimental study. Pain. 1996; 64:231-240.
9. Lamoth CJ, Meijer OG, Daffertshofer A, et al. Effects of chronic low back pain on trunk coordination and back muscle activity during walking: changes in motor control. Eur Spine J. 2006;15:23-40.
10. Anders C, Wagner H, Puta C, et al. Trunk muscle activation patterns during walking at different speeds. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2007;17:245-252.
11. Hagg GM. Static Work Loads and Occupational Myalgia: A New Explanation Model. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. (Biomedical Division); 1991:141-143.
12. Watson PJ, Booker CK, Main CJ. Evidence for the role of psychological factors in abnormal paraspinal activity in patients with chronic low back pain. J Musculoskeletal Pain. 1997;5:41-56.
13. Lamoth CJ, Daffertshofer A, Meijer OG, et al. How do persons with chronic low back pain speed up and slow down? Trunk-pelvis coordination and lumbar erector spinae activity during gait. Gait Posture. 2006;23:230-239.
14. Shiavi R, Frigo C, Pedotti A. Electromyographic signals during gait: criteria for envelope filtering and number of strides. Med Biol Eng Comput. 1998;36:171-178.
15. Triano JJ, McGregor M, Cramer GD, et al. A comparison of outcome measures for use with back pain patients: results of a feasibility study. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1993;16:67-73.
16. Gommans IHB, Koes BW, van Tulder MW. Validiteit en responsiviteit Nederlandstalige Roland Disability Questionnaire. Vragenlijst naar functionele status bij patienten met lage rugpijn. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Fysiotherapie. 1997;2: 28-33.
17. Brouwer S, Kuijer W, Dijkstra PU, et al. Reliability and stability of the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire: intra class correlation and limits of agreement. Disabil Rehabil. 2004;26:162-165.
18. Vlaeyen JWS, Kole-Snijders AMJ, Rotteveel AM, et al. The role of fear of movement/(re)injury in pain disability. J Occup Rehabil. 1995;5:235-252.
19. Goubert L, Crombez G, Van Damme S, et al. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia: invariant two-factor model across low back pain patients and fibromyalgia patients. Clin J Pain. 2004;20:103-110.
20. Roelofs J, Goubert L, Peters ML, et al. The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia: further examination of psychometric properties in patients with chronic low back pain and fibromyalgia. Eur J Pain. 2004;8:495-502. (Pubitemid 39485774)
21. Roelofs J, Sluiter JK, Frings-Dresen MH, et al. Fear of movement and (re)injury in chronic musculoskeletal pain: evidence for an invariant two-factor model of the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia across pain diagnoses and Dutch, Swedish, and Canadian samples. Pain. 2007;131:181-190.
22. Hermens HJ, Frericks B, Disselhorst-Klug C, et al. Development of recommendations for SEMG sensors and sensor placement procedures. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2000;10:361-374.
23. Vink P, Karssemeijer N. Low back muscle activity and pelvic rotation during walking. Anat Embryol. 1988;178:455-460.
24. Spenkelink CD, Hutten MM, Hermens HJ, et al. Assessment of activities of daily living with an ambulatory monitoring system: a comparative study in patients with chronic low back pain and nonsymptomatic controls. Clin Rehabil. 2002;16:16-26.
25. Mannion AF. Fibre type characteristics and function of the human paraspinal muscles: normal values and changes in association with low back pain. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 1999;9:363-377.
26. Mannion AF, Kaser L, Weber E, et al. Influence of age and duration of symptoms on fibre type distribution and size of the back muscles in chronic low back pain patients. Eur Spine J. 2000;9:273-281.
27. Stokes M, Rankin G, Newham DJ. Ultrasound imaging of lumbar multifidus muscle: normal reference ranges for measurements and practical guidance on the technique. Man Ther. 2005;10:116-126.
28. Perry J. Head, trunk and pelvis. In: Perry J, ed. Gait Analysis: Normal and Pathological Function. Thorofare, NJ: SLACK Incorporated; 1992:131-140.
29. Hammill RR, Beazell JR, Hart JM. Neuromuscular consequences of low back pain and core dysfunction. Clin Sports Med. 2008;27:449-462.
30. Cromwell RL, Aadland-Monahan TK, Nelson AT, et al. Sagittal plane analysis of head, neck and trunk kinematics and electromyographic activity during locomotion. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2001;31:255-262.
31. Richardson C, Jull G, Hodges P, et al. Traditional views of the function of the muscles of the local stabilizing system of the spine. In: Richardson C, Jull G, Hodges P, et al, eds. Spinal Segmental Stabilization in low Back Pain: Scientific Basic and Clinical Approach. Churchill Livingstone, UK: Harcourt Publishers Limited; 2000:21-40.
32. Saunders SW, Schache A, Rath D, et al. Changes in three dimensional lumbo-pelvic kinematics and trunk muscle activity with speed and mode of locomotion. Clin Biomech. 2005; 20:784-793.
33. Thorstensson A, Carlson H, Zomlefer MR, et al. Lumbar back muscle activity in relation to trunk movements during locomotion in man. Acta Physiol Scand. 1982;116:13-20.
34. Lamoth CJ, Meijer OG, Wuisman PI, et al. Pelvis-thorax coordination in the transverse plane during walking in persons with nonspecific low back pain. Spine. 2002;27:E92-E99.
35. Rowe PJ, White M. Three dimensional, lumbar spinal kinematics during gait, following mild musculoskeletal low back pain in nurses. Gait Posture. 1996;242-251.
36. Vogt L, Pfeifer K, Portscher M, et al. Influences of nonspecific low back pain on three-dimensional lumbar spine kinematics in locomotion. Spine. 2001;26:1910-1919.
37. Selles RW, Wagenaar RC, Smit TH, et al. Disorders in trunk rotation during walking in patients with low back pain: a dynamical systems approach. Clin Biomech. 2001;16:175-181.
38. Hodges PW, Moseley GL. Pain and motor control of the lumbopelvic region: effect and possible mechanisms. J Electro-myogr Kinesiol. 2003;13:361-370.
39. Sterling M, Jull G, Wright A. The effect of musculoskeletal pain on motor activity and control. J Pain. 2001;2:135-145.
40. van Dieen JH, Selen LP, Cholewicki J. Trunk muscle activation in low-back pain patients, an analysis of the literature. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2003;13:333-351.
41. Veiersted KB, Westgaard RH, Andersen P. Electromyographic evaluation of muscular work pattern as a predictor of trapezius myalgia. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1993;19:284-290.
42. Biedermann HJ, Shanks GL, Forrest WJ, et al. Power spectrum analyses of electromyographic activity. Discriminators in the differential assessment of patients with chronic low-back pain. Spine. 1991;16:1179-1184.
43. O'Sullivan P. Diagnosis and classification of chronic low back pain disorders: maladaptive movement and motor control impairments as underlying mechanism. Man Ther. 2005;10: 242-255.
44. Hasenbring M. Attentional control of pain and the process of chronification. Prog Pain Res. 2000;129:525-534.
45. Vogt L, Pfeifer K, Banzer W. Comparison of angular lumbar spine and pelvis kinematics during treadmill and overground locomotion. Clin Biomech. 2002;17:162-165.
46. Lee SJ, Hidler J. Biomechanics of overground versus treadmill walking in healthy individuals. J Appl Physiol. 2008;104: 747-755.
47. Riley PO, Paolini G, Croce UD, et al. A kinematic and kinetic comparison of overground and treadmill walking in healthy subjects. Gait Posture. 2007;26:17-24.
48. Nymark JR, Balmer SJ, Melis EH, et al. Electromyographic and kinematic nondisabled gait differences at extremely slow overground and treadmill walking speeds. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2005;42:523-534.
49. Smeets RJ, Wittink H, Hidding A, et al. Do patients with chronic low back pain have a lower level of aerobic fitness than healthy controls? Are pain, disability, fear of injury, working status, or level of leisure time activity associated with the difference in aerobic fitness level?. Spine. 2006;31:90-97; discussion 98.
50. Smeets RJ, Wade D, Hidding A, et al. The association of physical deconditioning and chronic low back pain: a hypothesis-oriented systematic review. Disabil Rehabil. 2006; 28:673-693.
51. Verbunt JA, Westerterp KR, van der Heijden GJ, et al. Physical activity in daily life in patients with chronic low back pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;82:726-730.
52. Verbunt JA, Seelen HA, Vlaeyen JW, et al. Disuse and deconditioning in chronic low back pain: concepts and hypotheses on contributing mechanisms. Eur J Pain. 2003;7:9-21.