Neuromuscular Consequences of Low Back Pain and Core Dysfunction

Clinics in Sports Medicine

Volumn 27, Issue 3, 2008, Pages 449-462

  Hammill, Robert R ^a   Beazell, James R ^b   Hart, Joseph M ^c  

^a BRIDGEWATER COLLEGE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BODY MOVEMENT; CLINICAL FEATURE; DAILY LIFE ACTIVITY; DISEASE COURSE; DISEASE DURATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; GAIT; HUMAN; JOINT DEGENERATION; JOINT STABILITY; LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION; LOW BACK PAIN; MUSCLE CONTRACTION; MUSCLE EXERCISE; MUSCLE FATIGUE; MUSCLE ISOMETRIC CONTRACTION; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASE; RECURRENT DISEASE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RUNNING; WALKING;

DISABILITY EVALUATION; EXERCISE THERAPY; HUMANS; LOW BACK PAIN; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; PROGNOSIS; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX;

EID: 43949112319     PISSN: 02785919     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.csm.2008.02.005     Document Type: Review

References (96)

1. Lawrence J.P., Greene H.S., and Grauer J.N. Back pain in athletes. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 14 13 (2006) 726-735
2. Papageorgiou A.C., Croft P.R., Ferry S., et al. Estimating the prevalence of low back pain in the general population. Evidence from the South Manchester Back Pain Survey. Spine 20 17 (1995) 1889-1894
3. Andersson G. The epidemiology of spinal disorders. In: Frymoyer J. (Ed). The adult spine (1997), Raven Press, New York 93-141
4. Andersson G.B. Epidemiological features of chronic low back pain. Lancet 354 9178 (1999) 581-585
5. Frymoyer J.W., and Cats-Baril W.L. An overview of the incidences and costs of low back pain. Orthop Clin North Am 22 2 (1991) 263-271
6. Coste J., Spira A., Ducimetiere P., et al. Clinical and psychological diversity of nonspecific low back pain. A new approach towards the classification of clinical subgroups. J Clin Epidemiol 44 11 (1991) 1233-1245
7. Ozguler A., Leclerc A., Landre M.F., et al. Individual and occupational determinants of low back pain according to various definitions of low back pain. J Epidemiol Community Health 54 3 (2000) 215-220
8. Verbunt J.A., Sieben J.M., Seelen H.A., et al. Decline in physical activity, disability, and pain-related fear in subacute low back pain. Eur J Pain 9 4 (2005) 417-425
9. MacDonald M.J., Sorock G.S., Volinn E., et al. A descriptive study of recurrent low back pain claims. J Occup Environ Med 39 1 (1997) 35-43
10. Keller A., Hayden J., Bombardier C., et al. Effect sizes of nonsurgical treatments of nonspecific low back pain. Eur Spine J 16 11 (2007) 1776-1788
11. Fairbank J.C., and Pynsent P.B. The Oswestry Disability Index. Spine 25 22 (2000) 2940-2952 [discussion: 2952]
12. Meade T., Browne W., Mellows S., et al. Comparison of chiropractic and hospital outpatient management of low back pain: a feasibility study. J Epidemiol Community Health 40 (1986) 12-17
13. Fairbank J.C. The use of revised Oswestry Disability Questionnaire. Spine 25 21 (2000) 2846-2847
14. Gronblad M., Hupli M., Wennerstrand P., et al. Intercorrelation and test-retest reliability of the Pain Disability Index (PDI) and the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire (ODQ) and their correlation with pain intensity in low back pain patients. Clin J Pain 9 3 (1993) 189-195
15. Fairbank J.C., Couper J., Davies J.B., et al. The Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire. Physiotherapy 66 8 (1980) 271-273
16. Roland M., and Morris R. A study of the natural history of back pain. Part I: development of a reliable and sensitive measure of disability in low back pain. Spine 8 2 (1983) 141-144
17. Roland M., and Morris R. A study of the natural history of low back pain. Part II: development of guidelines for trials of treatment in primary care. Spine 8 2 (1983) 145-150
18. Jensen M.P., Strom S.E., Turner J.A., et al. Validity of the Sickness Impact Profile Roland scale as a measure of dysfunction in chronic pain patients. Pain 50 2 (1992) 157-162
19. Beurskens A.J., de Vet H.C., and Koke A.J. Responsiveness of functional status in low back pain: a comparison of different instruments. Pain 65 1 (1996) 71-76
20. Roland M., and Fairbank J. The Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire and the Oswestry Disability Questionnaire. Spine 25 24 (2000) 3115-3124
21. Hart J.M., Fritz J.M., Kerrigan D.C., et al. Reduced quadriceps activation after lumbar paraspinal fatiguing exercise. J Athl Train 41 1 (2006) 79-86
22. Hart J.M., Fritz J.M., Kerrigan D.C., et al. Quadriceps inhibition after repetitive lumbar extension exercise in persons with a history of low back pain. J Athl Train 41 3 (2006) 264-269
23. Hart J.M., Kerrigan D.C., Fritz J.M., et al. Contribution of hamstring fatigue to quadriceps inhibition following lumbar extension exercise. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 2006 5 (2006) 70-79
24. Hart J.M. Quadriceps inhibition and gait kinetics following fatiguing isometric lumbar paraspinal exercise. [dissertation] (2005), Sports Medicine/Athletic Training, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (VA)
25. Bogduk N. The anatomical basis for spinal pain syndromes. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 18 9 (1995) 603-605
26. Dreyer S.J., and Dreyfuss P.H. Low back pain and the zygapophysial (facet) joints. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 77 3 (1996) 290-300
27. Schwarzer A.C., Aprill C.N., Derby R., et al. The relative contributions of the disc and zygapophyseal joint in chronic low back pain. Spine 19 7 (1994) 801-806
28. Maigne J.Y., Lagauche D., and Doursounian L. Instability of the coccyx in coccydynia. J Bone Joint Surg Br 82 7 (2000) 1038-1041
29. Kent P.M., and Keating J.L. The epidemiology of low back pain in primary care. Chiropr Osteopat 13 (2005) 13
30. Trainor T.J., and Wiesel S.W. Epidemiology of back pain in the athlete. Clin Sports Med 21 1 (2002) 93-103
31. Trainor T.J., and Trainor M.A. Etiology of low back pain in athletes. Curr Sports Med Rep 3 1 (2004) 41-46
32. Bono C.M. Low back pain in athletes. J Bone Joint Surg Am 86-A 2 (2004) 382-396
33. Waddell G. Low back pain: a twentieth century health care enigma. Spine 21 24 (1996) 2820-2825
34. Biering-Sorensen F. A prospective study of low back pain in a general population. I. Occurrence, recurrence, and aetiology. Scand J Rehabil Med 15 2 (1983) 71-79
35. Wasiak R., Pransky G., Verma S., et al. Recurrence of low back pain: definition-sensitivity analysis using administrative data. Spine 28 19 (2003) 2283-2291
36. Nadler S.F., Malanga G.A., DePrince M., et al. The relationship between lower extremity injury, low back pain, and hip muscle strength in male and female collegiate athletes. Clin J Sport Med 10 2 (2000) 89-97
37. Nadler S.F., Malanga G.A., Feinberg J.H., et al. Relationship between hip muscle imbalance and occurrence of low back pain in collegiate athletes: a prospective study. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 80 8 (2001) 572-577
38. Nadler S.F., Malanga G.A., Bartoli L.A., et al. Hip muscle imbalance and low back pain in athletes: influence of core strengthening. Med Sci Sports Exerc 34 1 (2002) 9-16
39. Jones M.A., Stratton G., Reilly T., et al. Biological risk indicators for recurrent nonspecific low back pain in adolescents. Br J Sports Med 39 3 (2005) 137-140
40. McClure P.W., Esola M., Schreier R., et al. Kinematic analysis of lumbar and hip motion while rising from a forward, flexed position in patients with and without a history of low back pain. Spine 22 5 (1997) 552-558
41. Hultman G., Saraste H., and Ohlsen H. Anthropometry, spinal canal width, and flexibility of the spine and hamstring muscles in 45-55-year-old men with and without low back pain. J Spinal Disord 5 3 (1992) 245-253
42. Panjabi M.M. Clinical spinal instability and low back pain. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 13 4 (2003) 371-379
43. Panjabi M.M. The stabilizing system of the spine. Part II. Neutral zone and instability hypothesis. J Spinal Disord 5 4 (1992) 390-396 [discussion: 397]
44. Panjabi M.M. The stabilizing system of the spine. Part I. Function, dysfunction, adaptation, and enhancement. J Spinal Disord 5 4 (1992) 383-389 [discussion: 397]
45. Comerford M.J., and Mottram S.L. Movement and stability dysfunction-contemporary developments. Man Ther 6 1 (2001) 15-26
46. Comerford M.J., and Mottram S.L. Functional stability retraining: principles and strategies for managing mechanical dysfunction. Man Ther 6 1 (2001) 3-14
47. Willson J.D., Dougherty C.P., Ireland M.L., et al. Core stability and its relationship to lower extremity function and injury. J Am Acad Orthop Surg 13 5 (2005) 316-325
48. Leetun D.T., Ireland M.L., Willson J.D., et al. Core stability measures as risk factors for lower extremity injury in athletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 36 6 (2004) 926-934
49. Kibler W.B., Press J., and Sciascia A. The role of core stability in athletic function. Sports Med 36 3 (2006) 189-198
50. Bergmark A. Stability of the lumbar spine. A study in mechanical engineering. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl 230 (1989) 1-54
51. Hodges P.W. Changes in motor planning of feedforward postural responses of the trunk muscles in low back pain. Exp Brain Res 141 2 (2001) 261-266
52. Hodges P.W., and Richardson C.A. Delayed postural contraction of transversus abdominis in low back pain associated with movement of the lower limb. J Spinal Disord 11 1 (1998) 46-56
53. Hodges P.W., and Richardson C.A. Altered trunk muscle recruitment in people with low back pain with upper limb movement at different speeds. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 80 9 (1999) 1005-1012
54. Panjabi M.M. Lumbar spine instability: a biomechanical challenge. Curr Orthop 8 2 (1994) 100-105
55. Cholewicki J., and McGill S.M. Lumbar posterior ligament involvement during extremely heavy lifts estimated from fluoroscopic measurements. J Biomech 25 1 (1992) 17-28
56. Panjabi M., Abumi K., Duranceau J., et al. Spinal stability and intersegmental muscle forces. A biomechanical model. Spine 14 2 (1989) 194-200
57. Hodges P.W., and Richardson C.A. Contraction of the abdominal muscles associated with movement of the lower limb. Phys Ther 77 2 (1997) 132-142 [discussion: 142-14]
58. Cholewicki J., Juluru K., and McGill S.M. Intra-abdominal pressure mechanism for stabilizing the lumbar spine. J Biomech 32 1 (1999) 13-17
59. Richardson C.A., and Jull G.A. Muscle control-pain control. What exercises would you prescribe?. Man Ther 1 1 (1995) 2-10
60. Richardson C.A., Snijders C.J., Hides J.A., et al. The relation between the transversus abdominis muscles, sacroiliac joint mechanics, and low back pain. Spine 27 4 (2002) 399-405
61. Richardson C., Jull G., Hodges P., et al. Therapeutic exercise for spinal segmental stabilization in low back pain (1999), Churchill Livingstone, London
62. Sahrmann S. Diagnosis and treatment of movement impairment syndromes (2002), Mosby, Inc., St. Louis (MO)
63. Kennedy B. A muscle-bracing technique utilizing intra-abdominal pressure to stabilize the lumbar spine. Aust J Physiother 11 3 (1965) 102-106
64. van Wingerden J.P., Vleeming A., Buyruk H.M., et al. Stabilization of the sacroiliac joint in vivo: verification of muscular contribution to force closure of the pelvis. Eur Spine J 13 3 (2004) 199-205
65. Essendrop M., Schibye B., and Hye-Knudsen C. Intra-abdominal pressure increases during exhausting back extension in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 87 2 (2002) 167-173
66. Lamoth C.J., Meijer O.G., Daffertshofer A., et al. Effects of chronic low back pain on trunk coordination and back muscle activity during walking: changes in motor control. Eur Spine J 15 1 (2006) 23-40
67. Al-Obaidi S.M., Al-Zoabi B., Al-Shuwaie N., et al. The influence of pain and pain-related fear and disability beliefs on walking velocity in chronic low back pain. Int J Rehabil Res 26 2 (2003) 101-108
68. Khodadadeh S., and Eisenstein S.M. Gait analysis of patients with low back pain before and after surgery. Spine 18 11 (1993) 1451-1455
69. Arendt-Nielsen L., Graven-Nielsen T., Svarrer H., et al. The influence of low back pain on muscle activity and coordination during gait: a clinical and experimental study. Pain 64 2 (1996) 231-240
70. Ferguson S.A., Marras W.S., Burr D.L., et al. Differences in motor recruitment and resulting kinematics between low back pain patients and asymptomatic participants during lifting exertions. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 19 10 (2004) 992-999
71. Sieben J.M., Vlaeyen J.W., Tuerlinckx S., et al. Pain-related fear in acute low back pain: the first two weeks of a new episode. Eur J Pain 6 3 (2002) 229-237
72. Sieben J.M., Portegijs P.J., Vlaeyen J.W., et al. Pain-related fear at the start of a new low back pain episode. Eur J Pain 9 6 (2005) 635-641
73. Croft P.R., Macfarlane G.J., Papageorgiou A.C., et al. Outcome of low back pain in general practice: a prospective study. BMJ 316 7141 (1998) 1356-1359
74. Lonn J.H., Glomsrod B., Soukup M.G., et al. Active back school: prophylactic management for low back pain. A randomized, controlled, 1-year follow-up study. Spine 24 9 (1999) 865-871
75. van Tulder M.W., Malmivaara A., Esmail R., et al. Exercise therapy for low back pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2 (2000) CD000335
76. Casazza B.A., Young J.L., and Herring S.A. The role of exercise in the prevention and management of acute low back pain. Occup Med 13 1 (1998) 47-60
77. van Tulder M.W., Koes B.W., and Bouter L.M. Conservative treatment of acute and chronic nonspecific low back pain. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of the most common interventions. Spine 22 18 (1997) 2128-2156
78. Vogt L., Pfeifer K., Portscher M., et al. Influences of nonspecific low back pain on three-dimensional lumbar spine kinematics in locomotion. Spine 26 17 (2001) 1910-1919
79. Gillan M.G., Ross J.C., McLean I.P., et al. The natural history of trunk list, its associated disability, and the influence of McKenzie management. Eur Spine J 7 6 (1998) 480-483
80. Vogt L., Pfeifer K., and Banzer W. Neuromuscular control of walking with chronic low back pain. Man Ther 8 1 (2003) 21-28
81. Lamoth C.J., Daffertshofer A., Meijer O.G., et al. How do persons with chronic low back pain speed up and slow down? Trunk-pelvis coordination and lumbar erector spinae activity during gait. Gait Posture 23 2 (2006) 230-239
82. Dedering A., Nemeth G., and Harms-Ringdahl K. Correlation between electromyographic spectral changes and subjective assessment of lumbar muscle fatigue in subjects without pain from the lower back. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 14 2 (1999) 103-111
83. Kramer M., Ebert V., Kinzl L., et al. Surface electromyography of the paravertebral muscles in patients with chronic low back pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 86 1 (2005) 31-36
84. Basmajian J.V., and De Luca C.J. Muscles alive: their functions revealed by electromyography (1985), Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore (MD)
85. Mannion A.F., Connolly B., Wood K., et al. The use of surface EMG power spectral analysis in the evaluation of back muscle function. J Rehabil Res Dev 34 4 (1997) 427-439
86. Biering-Sorensen F. Physical measurements as risk indicators for low-back trouble over a one-year period. Spine 9 2 (1984) 106-119
87. Biering-Sorensen F. A one-year prospective study of low back trouble in a general population. The prognostic value of low back history and physical measurements. Dan Med Bull 31 5 (1984) 362-375
88. Biering-Sorensen F., Thomsen C.E., and Hilden J. Risk indicators for low back trouble. Scand J Rehabil Med 21 3 (1989) 151-157
89. Latimer J., Maher C.G., Refshauge K., et al. The reliability and validity of the Biering-Sorensen test in asymptomatic subjects and subjects reporting current or previous nonspecific low back pain. Spine 24 20 (1999) 2085-2089 [discussion 2090]
90. Simmonds M.J., Olson S.L., Jones S., et al. Psychometric characteristics and clinical usefulness of physical performance tests in patients with low back pain. Spine 23 22 (1998) 2412-2421
91. Davidson B.S., Madigan M.L., and Nussbaum M.A. Effects of lumbar extensor fatigue and fatigue rate on postural sway. Eur J Appl Physiol 93 1-2 (2004) 183-189
92. Madigan M.L., Davidson B.S., and Nussbaum M.A. Postural sway and joint kinematics during quiet standing are affected by lumbar extensor fatigue. Hum Mov Sci 25 6 (2006) 788-799
93. Taimela S., Kankaanpaa M., and Luoto S. The effect of lumbar fatigue on the ability to sense a change in lumbar position. A controlled study. Spine 24 13 (1999) 1322-1327
94. O'Sullivan P., Mitchell B.T., Bulich P., et al. The relationship between posture and back muscle endurance in industrial workers with flexion-related low back pain. Man Ther 11 4 (2006) 264-271
95. Zazulak B.T., Hewett T.E., Reeves N.P., et al. The effects of core proprioception on knee injury: a prospective biomechanical-epidemiological study. Am J Sports Med 35 3 (2007) 368-373
96. Zazulak B.T., Hewett T.E., Reeves N.P., et al. Deficits in Neuromuscular Control of the Trunk Predict Knee Injury Risk: A Prospective Biomechanical-Epidemiologic Study. Am J Sports Med 35 7 (2007) 1123-1130