A systematic review of antibiotic dosing regimens for septic patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy: Do current studies supply sufficient data?

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

Volumn 64, Issue 5, 2009, Pages

  Li, A M M Y ^a   Gomersall, C D ^a   Choi, G ^a   Tian, Q ^a   Joynt, G M ^a   Lipman, J ^b  

^a CHINESE UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG   (Hong Kong)

^b UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

Author keywords

Antibiotics; Drug dosing; Pharmacokinetics; Renal replacement therapy; Sepsis

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

ACUTE KIDNEY FAILURE; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; AREA UNDER THE CURVE; CONTINUOUS HEMOFILTRATION; CONTINUOUS RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY; DRUG CLEARANCE; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG DOSE REGIMEN; DRUG ELIMINATION; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG TREATMENT FAILURE; HEMODIALYSIS; HUMAN; MAXIMUM PLASMA CONCENTRATION; MEDICAL INFORMATION; MEDICAL LITERATURE; MEDICAL RESEARCH; MEDLINE; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY; REVIEW; SEPSIS; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; KIDNEY FAILURE;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; HUMANS; KIDNEY FAILURE; RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY; SEPSIS;

EID: 73949157953     PISSN: 03057453     EISSN: 14602091     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkp302     Document Type: Review

References (92)

1. Rahman TM, Treacher D. Management of acute renal failure on the intensive care unit. Clin Med 2002; 2: 108-13.
2. Rangel-Frausto MS, Pittet D, Costigan M et al. The natural history of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). A prospective study. JAMA 1995; 273: 117-23.
3. Garnacho-Montero J, Garcia-Garmendia JL, Barrero-Al-modovar A et al. Impact of adequate empirical antibiotic therapy on the outcome of patients admitted to the intensive care unit with sepsis. Crit Care Med 2003; 31: 2742-51.
4. Kollef MH, Sherman G, Ward S et al. Inadequate antimicrobial treatment of infections: a risk factor for hospital mortality among critically ill patients. Chest 1999; 155: 462-74.
5. Harbarth S, Garbino J, Pugin J et al. Inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy and its effect on survival in a clinical trial of immunomodulating therapy for severe sepsis. Am J Med 2003; 115: 529-35.
6. MacArthur RD, Miller M, Albertson T et al. Adequacy of early empiric antibiotic treatment and survival in severe sepsis: experience from the MONARCS trial. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38: 284-8.
7. Cunha BA. Antibiotic treatment of sepsis. Med Clin North Am 1995; 79: 551-8.
8. Roberts JA, Kruger P, Paterson DL et al. Antibiotic resistance-what's dosing got to do with it? Crit Care Med 2008; 36: 2433-40.
9. Subach RA, Marx MA. Drug dosing in acute renal failure: the role of renal replacement therapy in altering drug pharmacokinetics. Adv Renal Replace Ther 1998; 5: 141-7.
10. Joynt GM, Lipman J, Gomersall CD et al. The pharmacokinetics of once daily dosing of ceftriaxone in critically ill patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 47: 421-9.
11. Young RJ, Lipman J, Gin T et al. Intermittent bolus dosing of ceftazidime in critically ill patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 1997; 40: 269-73.
12. Isla A, Gascon AR, Maynar J et al. In vitro AN69 and polysulphone membrane permeability to ceftazidime and in vivo pharmacokinetics during continuous renal replacement therapies. Chemotherapy 2007; 53: 194-201.
13. Davis R, Markham A, Balfour JA. Ciprofloxacin. An updated review of its pharmacology, therapeutic efficacy and tolerability. Drugs 1996; 51: 1019-74.
14. Jones EM, McMullin CM, Hedges AJ et al. The pharmacokinetics of intravenous ciprofloxacin 200 mg 12 hourly in patients with severe sepsis: the effect of renal function and intra-abdominal disease. J Antimicrob Chemother 1997; 40: 121-4.
15. Ververs FFT, Van Dijk A, Vinks SATMM. Pharmacokinetics and dosing regimen of meropenem in critically ill patients receiving continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Critical Care Med 2000; 28: 3412-6.
16. Thalhammer F, Schenk P, Burgmann H et al. Single-dose pharmacokinetics of meropenem during continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42: 2417-20.
17. Isla A, Gascon AR, Maynar J et al. Cefepime and continuous renal replacement therapy (crrt): in vitro permeability of two crrt membranes and pharmacokinetics in four critically ill patients. Clin Ther 2005; 27: 599-608.
18. Matzke GR, Frye RF, Joy MS et al. Determinants of ceftazidime clearance by continuous venovenous hemofiltration and continuous venovenous hemodialysis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44: 1639-44.
19. Traunmuller F, Thalhammer-Scherrer R, Locker GJ et al. Single-dose pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin during continuous venovenous haemofiltration in critically ill patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001; 47: 229-31.
20. Zarowitz BJ, Anandan JV, Dumler FJJ et al. Continous arteriovenous hemofiltration of aminoglycoside antibiotics in critically ill patients. J Clin Pharmacol 1986; 26: 686-9.
21. Robert R. Amikacin pharmacokinetics during continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Critical Care Med 1991; 19: 588-9.
22. Capellier G, Cornetter C, Boillot A et al. Removal of piperacillin in critically ill patients undergoing continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Critical Care Med 1998; 26: 88-91.
23. Hansen E, Bucher M, Jakob W et al. Pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin during continuous veno-venous hemofiltration. Intensive Care Med 2001; 27: 371-5.
24. Uchino S, Cole L, Morimatsu H et al. Clearance of vancomycin during high-volume haemofiltration: impact of pre-dilution. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28: 1664-7.
25. Meyer B, Ahmed el Gendy S, Delle Karth G et al. How to calculate clearance of highly protein-bound drugs during continuous venovenous hemofiltration demonstrated with flucloxacillin. Kidney Blood Press Res 2003; 26: 135-40.
26. Malone RS, Fish DN, Abraham E et al. Pharmacokinetics of cefepime during continuous renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45: 3148-55.
27. Boereboom FTJ, Ververs FFT, Blankestijn TJ et al. Vancomycin clearance during continuous venovenous haemofiltration in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 1999; 25: 1100-4.
28. Arzuaga A, Maynar J, Gascon AR et al. Influence of renal function on the pharmacokinetics of piperacillin/tazobactam in intensive care unit patients during continuous venovenous hemofiltration. J Clin Pharmacol 2005; 45: 168-76.
29. Churchwell MD, Pasko DA, Mueller BA. Daptomycin clearance during modeled continuous renal replacement therapy. Blood Purif 2006; 24: 548-54.
30. Fish DN, Bainbridge JL, Peloquin CA. Variable disposition of ciprofloxacin in critically ill patients undergoing continuous arteriovenous hemodiafiltration. Pharmacotherapy 1995; 15: 235-45.
31. Weiss LG, Cars O, Danielson BG et al. Pharmacokinetics of intravenous cefuroxime during intermittent and continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration. Clin Nephrol 1988; 30: 282-6.
32. Bellman R, Egger P, Gritsch W et al. Elimination of levofloxacin in critically ill patients with renal failure: influence of continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2002; 40: 142-9.
33. Guenter SG, Iven H, Boos C et al. Pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin during continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration and continuous venovenous hemofiltration in critically ill patients. Pharmacotherapy 2002; 22: 175-83.
34. Kraft MD, Pasko DA, DePestel DD et al. Linezolid clearance during continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration: a case report. Pharmacotherapy 2003; 23: 1071-5.
35. Davies SP, Lacey LF, Kox WJ et al. Pharmacokinetics of cefuroxime and ceftazidime in patients with acute renal failure treated by continuous arteriovenous haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1991; 6: 971-6.
36. Keller E, Bohler J, Busse-Grawitz A et al. Single dose kinetics of piperacillin during continuous arteriovenous hemodialysis in intensive care patients. Clin Nephrol 1995; 43: S20-2.
37. Lindsay CA, Bawdon R, Quigley R. Clearance of ticarcillinclavulanic acid by continuous venovenous hemofiltration in three critically ill children, two with and one without concomitant extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Pharmacotherapy 1996; 16: 458-62.
38. Vos MC, Vincent HH, Yzerman EPF. Clearance of imipenem/cilastatin in acute renal failure patients treated by continuous hemodiafiltration. Intensive Care Med 1992; 18: 282-5.
39. Armendariz E, Lakchmipathi C, Ptachcinski R. Pharmacokinetics of amikacin during continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Critical Care Med 1990; 18: 675-6.
40. Fuhrmann V, Schenk P, Jaeger W et al. Pharmacokinetics of moxifloxacin in patients undergoing continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration. J Antimicrob Chemother 2004; 54: 780-4.
41. Mariat C, Venet C, Jehl F. Continuous infusion of ceftazidime in critically ill patients undergoing continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration: pharmacokinetic evaluation and dose recommendation. Crit Care 2006; 10: pR26.
42. Robatel C, Decosterd LA, Biollaz J et al. Pharmacokinetics and dosage adaptation of meropenem during continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration in critically ill patients. J Clin Pharmacol 2003; 43: 1329-40.
43. Joy MS, Matzke GR, Frye RF et al. Determinants of vancomycin clearance by continuous venovenous hemofiltration and continuous venovenous hemodialysis. Am J Kidney Dis 1998; 31: 1019-27.
44. Bouman CS, van Kan HJ, Koopmans RP et al. Discrepancies between observed and predicted continuous venovenous hemofiltration removal of antimicrobial agents in critically ill patients and the effects on dosing. Intensive Care Med 2006; 32: 2013-9.
45. Barrie JR, Mousdale S. Ciprofloxacin levels in a patient undergoing veno-venous haemodiafiltration. Intensive Care Med 1992; 18: 437-8.
46. Macias WL, Mueller BA, Scarim SK. Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in acute renal failure: preservation of nonrenal clearance. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1991; 50: 688-94.
47. Wolter K, Claus M, Fritschka E. Pharmacokinetics and dosage recommendations of teicoplanin in patients treated by continuous venovenous haemodialysis (CVVHD). Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1994; 46: 179-80.
48. Santre C, Leroy O, Georges H et al. Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin during continuous hemodiafiltration. Intensive Care Med 1993; 19: 347-50.
49. Traunmuller F, Schenk P, Mittermeyer C et al. Clearance of ceftazidime during continuous venovenous haemofiltration in critically ill patients. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002; 49: 129-34.
50. Fish DN, Teitelbaum I, Abraham E. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of imipenem during continuous renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49: 2421-8.
51. Keller E, Fecht H, Bohler J et al. Single-dose kinetics of imipenem/cilastatin during continuous arteriovenous haemofiltration in intensive care patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1989; 4: 640-5.
52. Tegeder I, Bremer F, Oelkers R et al. Pharmacokinetics of imipenem-cilastatin in critically ill patients undergoing continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1997; 41: 2640-5.
53. Hashimoto A, Honda M, Yamaguchi M et al. Pharmacokinetics of imipenem and cilastatin during continuous venovenous hemodialysis in patients who are criticallly ill. ASAIO 1997; 43: 84-8.
54. Krueger WA, Schroeder TH, Hutchison M et al. Pharmacokinetics of meropenem in critically ill patients with acute renal failure treated by continuous hemodiafiltration. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1998; 42: 2421-4.
55. Krueger WA, Neeser G, Schuster H et al. Correlation of meropenem plasma levels with pharmacodynamic requirements in critically ill patients receiving continuous veno-venous hemofiltration. Chemotherapy 2003; 49: 280-6.
56. Isla A, Maynar J, Sanchez-Izquierdo JA et al. Meropenem and continuous renal replacement therapy: in vitro permeability of 2 continuous renal replacement therapy membranes and influence of patient renal function on the pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients. J Clin Pharmacol 2005; 45: 1294-304.
57. Langgartner J, Vasold A, Gluck T et al. Pharmacokinetics of meropenem during intermittent and continuous intravenous application in patients treated by continuous renal replacement therapy. Intensive Care Med 2008; 34: 1091-6.
58. Yagasaki K, Gando S, Matsuda N et al. Pharmacokinetics of teicoplanin in critically ill patients undergoing continuous hemodiafiltration. Intensive Care Med 2003; 29: 2094-5.
59. Fiaccadori E, Maggiore U, Rotelli C et al. Removal of linezolid by conventional intermittent hemodialysis, sustained low-efficiency dialysis, or continuous venovenous hemofiltration in patients with acute renal failure. Crit Care Med 2004; 32: 2437-42.
60. Meyer B, Kornek GV, Nikfardjam M et al. Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of linezolid during continuous venovenous haemofiltration. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005; 56: 172-9.
61. Pea F, Viale P, Lugano M et al. Linezolid disposition after standard dosages in critically ill patients undergoing continuous venovenous hemofiltration: a report of 2 cases. Am J Kidney Dis 2004; 44: 1097-102.
62. Syka M, Markantonis SL, Mathas C et al. A pilot study of netilmicin pharmacokinetics during continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration. J Clin Pharmacol 2005; 45: 477-81.
63. Ernest D, Cutler DJ. Gentamicin clearance during continuous arteriovenous hemodiafiltration. Crit Care Med 1992; 20: 586-9.
64. Li J, Rayner CR, Nation RL et al. Pharmacokinetics of colistin methanesulfonate and colistin in a critically ill patient receiving continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005; 49: 4814-5.
65. Malone RS, Fish DN, Abraham E et al. Pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin during continuous renal replacement therapy in critically ill patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45: 2949-54.
66. Mueller BA, Scarim SK, Macias WL. Comparison of imipenem pharmacokinetics in patients with acute or chronic renal failure treated with continuous hemofiltration. Am J Kidney Dis 1993; 21: 172-9.
67. Wallis SC, Mullany DV, Lipman J et al. Pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in ICU patients on continuous veno-venous haemodiafiltration. Intensive Care Med 2001; 27: 665-72.
68. DelDot ME, Lipman J, Tett SE. Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients receiving continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2004; 58: 259-68.
69. Mueller SC, Majcher-Peszynska J, Hickstein H et al. Pharmacokinetics of piperacillin-tazobactam in anuric intensive care patients during continuous venovenous hemodialysis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002; 46: 1557-60.
70. Pea F, Brollo L, Lugano M et al. Therapeutic drug monitoringguided high teicoplanin dosage regimen required to treat a hypoalbuminemic renal transplant patient undergoing continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Ther Drug Monit 2001; 23: 587-8.
71. Capellier G, Cornetter C, Boillot A et al. Removal of piperacillin in critically ill patients undergoing continuous venovenous hemofiltration. Crit Care Med 1998; 26: 88-91.
72. Tegeder I, Neumann F, Frank B et al. Pharmacokinetics of meropenem in critically ill patients with acute renal failure undergoing continous venovenous hemofiltration. Clin Pharmcol Ther 1999; 65: 50-7.
73. Giles L, Jennings A, Thomson A et al. Pharmacokinetics of meropenem in intensive care unit patients receiving continuous venovenous hemofiltration or hemodiafiltration. Critical Care Med 2000; 28: 632-7.
74. Golper TA, Marx MA. Drug dosing adjustments during continuous renal replacement therapies. Kidney Int Suppl 1998; 66: S165-8.
75. Christensson BA, Nilsson-Ehle M, Hutchinson M et al. Pharmacokinetics of meropenem in subjects with various degrees of renal impairment. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992; 36: 1532-7.
76. Turnheim K. When Drug therapy gets old: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics in the elderly. Exp Gerontol 2003; 38: 843-53.
77. Cusack BJ. Pharmacokinetics in older persons. Am J Geriatr Pharm 2004; 2: 274-302.
78. Ronco C, Bellomo R, Homel P et al. Effects of different doses in continuous veno-venous haemofiltration on outcomes of acute renal failure: A prospective randomized controlled trial. Lancet 2000; 356: 26-30.
79. Bouman CS, Oudemans-van Straaten HM, Tijssen GP et al. Effects of early high-volume continuous venovenous hemofiltration on survival and recovery of renal function in intensive care patients with acute renal failure: a prospective, randomized trial. Crit Care Med 2002; 30: 2205-11.
80. Palevsky PM, Zhang JH, O'Connor TZ et al. Intensity of renal support in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 7-20.
81. Kieft H, Hoepelman AI, Knupp CA et al. Pharmacokinetics of cefepime in patients with the sepsis syndrome. J Antimicrob Chemother 1993; 32 (Suppl B): 117-22.
82. Nuytinck HK, Offermans XJ, Kubat K et al. Whole-body inflammation in trauma patients: an autopsy study. Arch Surg 1988; 123: 1519-24.
83. Gosling P, Sanghera K, Dickson G. Generalized vascular permeability and pulmonary function in patients following serious trauma. J Trauma 1994; 36: 477-81.
84. Lipman J, Wallis SC, Rickard CM et al. Low cefpirome levels during twice daily dosing in critically ill septic patients: pharmacokinetic modelling calls for more frequent dosing. Intensive Care Med 2001; 27: 363-70.
85. Novelli A, Adembri C, Livi P et al. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of meropenem and imipenem in critically ill patients with sepsis. Clin Pharmacokinet 2005; 44: 539-49.
86. Kitzes-Cohen R, Farin D, Piva G et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of meropenem in critically ill patients. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2002; 19: 105-10.
87. Bugge JF. Pharmacokinetics and drug dosing adjustments during continuous venovenous hemofiltration or hemodiafiltration in critically ill patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2001; 45: 929-34.
88. Schetz M, Ferdinande P, Van Den Berge G et al. Pharmacokinetics of continuous renal replacement therapy. Intensive Care Med 1995; 12: 612-20.
89. Bellmann R, Egger P, Gritsch W et al. Amphotericin B lipid formulations in critically ill patients on continuous veno-venous haemofiltration. J Antimicrob Chemother 2003; 51: 671-81.
90. Quintard H, Papy E, Massias L et al. The pharmacokinetic profile of voriconazole during continuous high volume venovenous haemofiltration in a critically ill patient. Ther Drug Monit 2008; 30: 117-9.
91. Yagasaki K, Gando S, Matsuda N et al. Pharmacokinetics and the most suitable dosing regimen of fluconazole in critically ill patients receiving continuous hemodiafiltration. Intensive Care Med 2003; 29: 1844-8.
92. Bellmann R, Egger P, Djanani A et al. Pharmacokinetics of amphotericin B lipid complex in critically ill patients on continuous veno-venous haemofiltration. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2004; 23: 80 3.