Effluent from bulk drug production is toxic to aquatic vertebrates

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

Volumn 28, Issue 12, 2009, Pages 2656-2662

  Carlsson, Gunnar ^a   Örn, Stefan ^a   Larsson, D G Joakim ^b  

^a SWEDISH UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES   (Sweden)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Aquatic; Effluent; Pharmaceuticals; Xenopus; Zebrafish

Indexed keywords

96-WELL PLATE; A PLANTS; ADVERSE EFFECT; BULK DRUGS; CHRONIC TOXICITY; DANIO RERIO; DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE; EFFLUENT CONCENTRATIONS; FLUOROQUINOLONE ANTIBIOTICS; GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN; HEART RATES; HUMAN PROTEINS; HYDERABAD , INDIA; MEDIAN LETHAL CONCENTRATION; PHARMACEUTICALS; POST-FERTILIZATION; POTENTIAL EFFECTS; TREATED EFFLUENT; WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS; WORLD MARKET; XENOPUS; ZEBRAFISH;

ANIMALS; ANTIBIOTICS; EFFLUENT TREATMENT; INTERNATIONAL TRADE; SUPPLY CHAINS; TOXICITY; WASTEWATER; WASTEWATER RECLAMATION; WASTEWATER TREATMENT; WATER TREATMENT PLANTS;

EFFLUENTS;

INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT;

ANTIBIOTICS; AQUATIC COMMUNITY; CYPRINID; DRUG DEVELOPMENT; ECOTOXICOLOGY; FROG; INDUSTRIAL WASTE; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY; POLLUTION EFFECT; POLLUTION EXPOSURE; TOXICITY TEST; WASTE FACILITY;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL TISSUE; AQUATIC SPECIES; ARTICLE; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); CONTROLLED STUDY; DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE; ECOTOXICITY; EFFLUENT TOXICITY; EMBRYO; FERTILIZATION; GROWTH RETARDATION; HEART RATE; LETHAL DOSE; MOVEMENT (PHYSIOLOGY); NONHUMAN; PIGMENTATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TADPOLE; VERTEBRATE; XENOPUS; ZEBRA FISH;

ANIMALS; BODY WEIGHT; DRUG INDUSTRY; FLUOROQUINOLONES; INDUSTRIAL WASTE; LARVA; WASTE DISPOSAL, FLUID; WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL; ZEBRAFISH;

AMPHIBIA; DANIO RERIO; VERTEBRATA; XENOPUS TROPICALIS;

EID: 73449123747     PISSN: 07307268     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1897/08-524.1     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Gunnarsson L, Jauhiainen A, Kristiansson E, Nerman O, Larsson DGJ. 2008. Evolutionary conservation of human drug targets in organisms used for environmental risk assessments. Environ Sci Technol 42:5807-5813.
2. Caldwell DJ, Mastrocco F, Hutchinson TH, Länge R, Heijerick D, Janssen C, Anderson PD, Sumpter JP. 2008. Derivation of an aquatic predicted no-effect concentration for the synthetic hormone, 17α-ethinylestradiol. Environ Sci Technol 42:7046-7054.
3. Oaks JL, Gilbert M, Virani MZ, Watson RT, Meteyer CU, Rideout BA, Shivaprasad HL, Ahmed S, Chaudhry MJ, Arshad M, Mahmood S, Ali A, Khan AA. 2004. Diclofenac residues as the cause of vulture population decline in Pakistan. Nature 427:630-633.
4. Garric J, Vollat B, Duis K, Péry A, Junker T, Ramil M, Fink G, Ternes TA. 2007. Effects of the parasiticide ivermectin on the cladoceran Daphnia magna and the green alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata. Chemosphere 69:903-910.
5. Williams RT. 2005. Human health pharmaceuticals in the environment - An introduction. In Williams RT, ed, Human Pharmaceuticals: Assessing the Impact on Aquatic Ecosystems. Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Pensacola, FL, USA, pp 1-46.
6. Heberer T. 2002. Occurrence, fate, and removal of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment: A review of recent research data. Toxicol Lett 131:5-17.
7. Kolpin DW, Furlong ET, Meyer MT, Thurman EM, Zaugg SD, Barber LB, Buxton HT. 2002. Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: A national reconnaissance. Environ Sci Technol 36:1202-1211.
8. Williams RT, Cook JC. 2007. Exposure to pharmaceuticals present in the environment. Drug Inf J 41:133-141.
9. Larsson DGJ, de Pedro C, Paxeus N. 2007. Effluent from drug manufactures contains extremely high levels of pharmaceuticals. J Hazard Mater 148:751-755.
10. Larsson DGJ. 2008. Drug production facilities - An overlooked discharge source for pharmaceuticals to the environment. In Kümmerer K, ed, Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: Sources, Fate, Effects, and Risks. Springer, New York, NY, USA, pp 37-42.
11. Li D, Yang M, Hu J, Ren L, Zhang Y, Li K. 2008. Determination and fate of Oxytetracycline and related compounds in Oxytetracycline production wastewater and the receiving river. Environ Toxicol Chem 27:80-36.
12. Martinez JL. 2008. Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in natural environments. Science 321:365-367.
13. Schulte C, Nagel R. 1994. Testing acute toxicity in the embryo of zebrafish, Brachydanio rerio, as an alternative to the acute fish test: Preliminary results. ATLA Altern Lab Anim 20:12-19.
14. Carlsson G, Norrgren L. 2004. Synthetic musk toxicity to early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 46:102-105.
15. Hallare AV, Kosmehl T, Schulze T, Hollert H, Köhler HR, Triebskorn R. 2005. Assessing contamination levels of Laguna Lake sediments (Philippines) using a contact assay with zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. Sci Total Environ 347:254-271.
16. 50 test in chemical assessment: The fish embryo toxicity test goes multi-species - An update. ALTEX 22:87-102.
17. Degitz SJ, Holcombe GW, Flynn KM, Kosian PA, Korte JJ, Tietge JE. 2005. Progress towards development of an amphibian-based thyroid screening assay using Xenopus laevis. Organismal and thyroidal responses to the model compounds 6-propylthiouracil, methimazole, and thyroxine. Toxicol Sci 87:353-364.
18. Tietge JE, Holcombe GW, Flynn KM, Kosian PA, Korte JJ, Anderson LE, Wolf DC, Degitz SJ. 2005. Metamorphic inhibition of Xenopus laevis by sodium Perchlorate: Effects on development and thyroid histology. Environ Toxicol Chem 24:926-933.
19. Mitsui N, Fujii T, Miyahara M, Oka T, Kashiwagi A, Kashiwagi K, Hanada H, Urushitani H, Santo N, Tooi O, Iguchi T. 2006. Development of metamorphosis assay using Silurana tropicalis for the detection of thyroid system-disrupting chemicals. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 64:281-287.
20. Carlsson G, Norrgren L. 2007. The impact of the goitrogen 6-propylthiouracil (PTU) on West-African clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis) exposed during metamorphosis. Aquat Toxicol 82:55-62.
21. Carlsson G, Kulkarni P, Larsson P, Norrgren L. 2007. Distribution of BDE-99 and effects on metamorphosis of BDE-99 and -47 after oral exposure in Xenopus tropicalis. Aquat Toxicol 84:71-79.
22. Pettersson I, Arukwe A, Lundstedt-Enkel K, Mortensen AS, Berg C. 2006. Persistent sex-reversal and oviducal agenesis in adult Xenopus (Silurana) tropicalis frogs following larval exposure to the environmental pollutant ethynylestradiol. Aquat Toxicol 79:356-365.
23. Nieuwkoop PD, Faber J. 1994. Normal Table of Xenopus laevis. Garland, New York, NY, USA.
24. International Organization for Standardization. 1996. Water quality - Determination of the acute lethal toxicity of substances to a freshwater fish [Brachydanio rerio Hamilton-Buchanan (Teleostei, Cyprinidae)] Part 1: Static method. ISO 7346-1:1996. Geneva, Switzerland.
25. Fick J, Söderström H, Lindberg RH, Phan C, Tysklind M, Larsson DGJ. 2009. Contamination of surface, ground, and drinking water from pharmaceutical production. Environ Toxicol Chem 28:2522-2527.
26. Kümmerer K, al-Ahmad A, Mersch-Sundermann V. 2000. Biodegradability of some antibiotics, elimination of the genotoxicity and affection of wastewater bacteria in a simple test. Chemosphere 40:701-710.
27. Richards SM, Cole SE. 2006. A toxicity and hazard assessment of fourteen pharmaceuticals to Xenopus laevis larvae. Ecotoxicology 15:647-656.
28. Halling-Sørensen B, Lützhøft H, Andersen HR, Ingerslev F. 2000. Environmental risk assessment of antibiotics: comparison of mecillinam, trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin. J Antimicrob Chemother 46(Suppl. 1):53-58.
29. Robinson AA, Beiden JB, Lydy MJ. 2005. Toxicity of fluoroquinolone antibiotics to aquatic organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 24:423-430.
30. Huggett DB, Brooks BW, Peterson B, Foran CM, Schlenk D. 2002. Toxicity of select beta adrenergic receptor-blocking pharmaceuticals (β-blockers) on aquatic organisms. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 43:229-235.
31. Triebskorn R, Casper H, Scheil V, Schwaiger J. 2007. Ultrastructural effects of pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine, clofibric acid, metoprolol, diclofenac) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Anal Bioanal Chem 387:1405-1416.
32. Larsson DGJ, Fredriksson S, Sandblom E, Paxeus N, Axelsson M. 2006. Is heart rate in fish a sensitive indicator to evaluate acute effects of β-blockers in surface water? Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 22:338-340.
33. Nagel R. 2002. DarT: The embryo test with the zebrafish Danio rerio - A general model in ecotoxicology and toxicology. ALTEX 19:38-48.
34. Stanley JK, Ramirez AJ, Chambliss CK, Brooks BW. 2007. Enantiospecific sublethal effects of the antidepressant fluoxetine to a model aquatic vertebrate and invertebrate. Chemosphere 69:9-16.
35. 3H] Citalopram binding to serotonin transporter sites in minnow brains. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology 101:203-210.
36. Russell MJ, Klemmer AM, Olson KR. 2001. Angiotensin signaling and receptor types in teleost fish. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 128:41-51.
37. Opitz R, Hartmann S, Blank T, Braunbeck T, Lutz I, Kloas W. 2006. Evaluation of histological and molecular endpoints for enhanced detection of thyroid system disruption in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Toxicol Sci 90:337-348.
38. Tata JR. 2006. Amphibian metamorphosis as a model for the developmental actions of thyroid hormone. Mol Cell Endocrinol 246:10-20.
39. Fraysse B, Mons R, Garric J. 2006. Development of a zebrafish 4-day embryo-larval bioassay to assess toxicity of chemicals. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 63:253-267.
40. Larsson DGJ, Fick J. 2009. Transparency throughout the production chain - A way to reduce pollution from the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals? Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 53:161-163.