Augmentation of atypical antipsychotics with valproic acid. An open-label study for most difficult patients with schizophrenia

Human Psychopharmacology

Volumn 24, Issue 8, 2009, Pages 628-638

  Suzuki, Takefumi ^a,b   Uchida, Hiroyuki ^a,b   Takeuchi, Hiroyoshi ^a   Nakajima, Shinichiro ^a   Nomura, Kensuke ^a   Tanabe, Akira ^c   Yagi, Gohei ^a   Watanabe, Koichiro ^a   Kashima, Haruo ^a  

^a KEIO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b CENTRE FOR ADDICTION AND MENTAL HEALTH   (Canada)

^c NATIONAL DEFENSE MEDICAL COLLEGE   (Japan)

Author keywords

Atypical antipsychotics; Augmentation; Schizophrenia; Valproic acid

Indexed keywords

BIPERIDEN; BROTIZOLAM; CHLORPROMAZINE; CLONAZEPAM; FLUNITRAZEPAM; FLUPHENAZINE DECANOATE; LITHIUM; LORAZEPAM; NITRAZEPAM; OLANZAPINE; PHENOBARBITAL; PROMETHAZINE; PSYCHOTROPIC AGENT; QUETIAPINE; RISPERIDONE; TRAZODONE; VALPROIC ACID;

ADULT; ANEMIA; ARTICLE; BLURRED VISION; BODY WEIGHT; BRIEF PSYCHIATRIC RATING SCALE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL GLOBAL IMPRESSION SCALE; CLINICAL TRIAL; DISEASE SEVERITY; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; DRUG TREATMENT FAILURE; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; FALLING; FEMALE; GASTROINTESTINAL IRRITATION; GLOBAL ASSESSMENT FUNCTIONING; HEMATOLOGIC DISEASE; HUMAN; HYPERPROLACTINEMIA; INCONTINENCE; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGIC ASSESSMENT; RATING SCALE; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEDATION; SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION; SIDE EFFECT; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; TREATMENT DURATION; TREATMENT RESPONSE;

ADULT; ANTIMANIC AGENTS; ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; FEMALE; HUMANS; JAPAN; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PSYCHIATRIC DEPARTMENT, HOSPITAL; PSYCHIATRIC STATUS RATING SCALES; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; TREATMENT OUTCOME; VALPROIC ACID;

EID: 73449092165     PISSN: 08856222     EISSN: 10991077     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/hup.1073     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. American Psychiatric Association. 1994. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th edn. American Psychiatric Association: Washington, DC.
2. Besag FM, Berry D. 2006. Interactions between antiepileptic and antipsychotic drugs. Drug Saf 29: 95-118.
3. Casey DE, Daniel DG, Wassef AA, Tracy KA, Wozniak P, Sommerville KW. 2003. Effect of divalproex combined with olanzapine or risperidone in patients with an acute exacerbation of schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 28: 182-192.
4. Casey DE, Daniel DG, Tamminga C, et al. 2009. Divalproex ER combined with olanzapine or risperidone for treatment of acute exacerbations of schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 34: 1330-1338.
5. Chakos M, Lieberman J, Hoffman E, Bradford D, Sheitman B. 2001. Effectiveness of second-generation antipsychotics in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Psychiatry 158: 518-526.
6. Chakos MH, Glick ID, Miller AL, et al. 2006. Baseline use of concomitant psychotropic medications to treat schizophrenia in the CATIE trial. Psychiatr Serv 57: 1094-1101.
7. Chan J, Sweeting M. 2007. Review: combination therapy with non-clozapine atypical antipsychotic medication: a review of current evidence. J Psychopharmacol 21: 657-664.
8. Citrome L, Casey DE, Daniel DG,Wozniak P, Kochan LD, Tracy KA. 2004. Adjunctive divalproex and hostility among patients with schizophrenia receiving olanzapine or risperidone. Psychiatr Serv 55: 290-294.
9. Citrome L, Shope CB, Nolan KA, Czobor P, Volavka J. 2007. Risperidone alone versus risperidone plus valproate in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia and hostility. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 22: 356-362.
10. Citrome L. 2009. Adjunctive lithium and anticonvulsants for the treatment of schizophrenia: what is the evidence? Expert Rev Neurother 9: 55-71.
11. Correll CU, Rummel-Kluge C, Corves C, Kane JM, Leucht S. 2009. Antipsychotic combinations vs monotherapy in schizophrenia: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Schizophr Bull 35: 443-457.
12. Dong E, Nelson M, Grayson DR, Costa E, Guidotti A. 2008. Clozapine and sulpiride but not haloperidol or olanzapine activate brain DNA demethylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105: 13614-13619.
13. Elkis H. 2007. Treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Psychiatr Clin North Am 30: 511-533.
14. Gavin DP, Kartan S, Chase K, Jayaraman S, Sharma RP. 2009. Histone deacetylase inhibitors and candidate gene expression: An in vivo and in vitro approach to studying chromatin remodeling in a clinical population. J Psychiatr Res 43: 870-876.
15. Guy W. 1976. ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology - Revised (DHEW Publ No ADM 76-338). Rockville, MD, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, NIMH Psychopharmacology Research Branch, Division of Extramural Research Programs, pp 218-222.
16. Haddad PM, Sharma SG. 2007. Adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics: differential risk and clinical implications. CNS Drugs 21: 911-936.
17. Huang M, Li Z, Ichikawa J, Dai J, Meltzer HY. 2006. Effects of divalproex and atypical antipsychotic drugs on dopamine and acetylcholine efflux in rat hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. Brain Res 1099: 44-55.
18. Ichikawa J, Chung YC, Dai J, Meltzer HY. 2005. Valproic acid potentiates both typical and atypical antipsychotic-induced prefrontal cortical dopamine release. Brain Res 1052: 56-62.
19. Inada T, Yagi G, Miura S. 2002. Extrapyramidal symptom profiles in Japanese patients with schizophrenia treated with olanzapine or haloperidol. Schizophr Res 57: 227-238.
20. Johannessen Landmark C. 2008. Antiepileptic drugs in non-epilepsy disorders: relations between mechanisms of action and clinical efficacy. CNS Drugs 22: 27-47.
21. Kane J, Honigfeld G, Singer J, Meltzer H. 1988. Clozapine for the treatment-resistant schizophrenic. A double-blind comparison with chlorpromazine. Arch Gen Psychiatry 45: 789-796.
22. Leucht S, Kane JM, Kissling W, Hamann J, Etschel E, Engel RR. 2005. What does the PANSS mean? Schizophr Res 79: 231-238.
23. Leucht S, Kane JM, Etschel E, Kissling W, Hamann J, Engel RR. 2006. Linking the PANSS, BPRS, and CGI: clinical implications. Neuropsychopharmacology 31: 2318-2325.
24. Leucht S, Kissling W, McGrath J. 2007a. Lithium for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3: CD003834.
25. Leucht S, Kissling W, McGrath J, White P. 2007b. Carbamazepine for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3: CD001258.
26. Levine SZ, Rabinowitz J, Engel R, Etschel E, Leucht S. 2008. Extrapolation between measures of symptom severity and change: an examination of the PANSS and CGI. Schizophr Res 98: 318-322.
27. Moore TA, Buchanan RW, Buckley PF, et al. 2007. The texas medication algorithm project antipsychotic algorithm for schizophrenia: 2006 update. J Clin Psychiatry 68: 1751-1762.
28. Novick D, Bousono M, Suarez D, et al. 2005. Use of concomitant medication with antipsychotic treatment in outpatients with schizophrenia: results from the european schizophrenia outpatients health outcomes (SOHO) study. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 29: 972-982.
29. Overall JE, Gorham DR. 1962. The brief psychiatric rating scale. Psychol Rep 10: 799-812.
30. Paton C, Whittington C, Barnes TR. 2007. Augmentation with a second antipsychotic in patients with schizophrenia who partially respond to clozapine: a meta-analysis. J Clin Psychopharmacol 27: 198-204.
31. Perucca E. 2006. Clinically relevant drug interactions with antiepileptic drugs. Br J Clin Pharmacol 61: 246-255.
32. Reynolds MF, Sisk EC, Rasgon NL. 2007. Valproate and neuroendocrine changes in relation to women treated for epilepsy and bipolar disorder: a review. Curr Med Chem 14: 2799-2812.
33. Remington G, Saha A, Chong SA, Shammi C. 2005. Augmentation strategies in clozapine-resistant schizophrenia. CNS Drugs 19: 843-872.
34. Schwarz C, Volz A, Li C, Leucht S. 2008. Valproate for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 3: CD004028.
35. Sherwood M, Thornton AE, Honer WG. 2006. A meta-analysis of profile and time-course of symptom change in acute schizophrenia treated with atypical antipsychotics. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 9: 357-366.
36. Shida H, Suzuki T, Misawa F, Watanabe K, Fujii Y, Kashima H. 2008. A Japanese survey on remission in schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry http:// bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/eletters/190/1/81-a
37. Suzuki T, Uchida H, Tanaka KF, et al. 2003. Reducing the dose of antipsychotic medications for those who had been treated with high-dose antipsychotic polypharmacy: an open study of dose reduction for chronic schizophrenia. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 18: 323-329.
38. Suzuki T, Uchida H, Watanabe K, Yagi G, Kashima H. 2004a. A clinical case series of switching from antipsychotic polypharmacy to monotherapy with a second-generation agent on patients with chronic schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 28: 361-369.
39. Suzuki T, Uchida H, Tanaka KF, et al. 2004b. Revising polypharmacy to a single antipsychotic regimen for patients with chronic schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 7: 133-142.
40. Suzuki T, Uchida H, Watanabe K, et al. 2007. How effective is it to sequentially switch among olanzapine, quetiapine and risperidone? - a randomized, open-label study of algorithm-based antipsychotic treatment to patients with symptomatic schizophrenia in the real-world clinical setting. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 195: 285-295.
41. Suzuki T, Uchida H, Watanabe K, et al. 2008a. Effectiveness of antipsychotic polypharmacy for patients with treatment refractory schizophrenia: an open-label trial of olanzapine plus risperidone for those who failed to respond to a sequential treatment with olanzapine, quetiapine and risperidone. Hum Psychopharmacol 23: 455-463.
42. Suzuki T, Uchida H, Nomura K, et al. 2008b. Novel rating scales for schizophrenia - targeted inventory on problems in schizophrenia (TIPSz) and functional assessment for comprehensive treatment of schizophrenia (FACT-Sz). Schizophr Res 106: 328-336.
43. Suzuki T, Uchida H, Watanabe K, Kashima H. 2008c. Treatment target in schizophrenia: a critical review and a clinical suggestion. Psychopharmacol Bull 41: 80-102.
44. Tang WK, Ungvari GS. 2003. Efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy in treatment-resistant schizophrenia: a prospective open trial. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 27: 373-379.
45. Taylor DM, Duncan-McConnell D. 2000. Refractory schizophrenia and atypical antipsychotics. J Psychopharmacol 14: 409-418.
46. Volz A, Khorsand V, Gillies D, Leucht S. 2007. Benzodiazepines for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1: CD006391.
47. Yoshimura R, Shinkai K, Ueda N, Nakamura J. 2007. Valproic acid improves psychotic agitation without influencing plasma risperidone levels in schizophrenic patients. Pharmacopsychiatry 40: 9-13.