메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 21, Issue 11, 2007, Pages 911-936

Adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics: Differential risk and clinical implications

Author keywords

Amisulpride, adverse reactions; Antipsychotics, adverse reactions; Aripiprazole, adverse reactions; Blood dyscrasias; Cerebrovascular disorders; Clozapine, adverse reactions; Drug withdrawal; Extrapyramidal disorders; Hyperglycaemia; Hyperprolactinaemia

Indexed keywords

AMISULPRIDE; CLOZAPINE; HALOPERIDOL; OLANZAPINE; QUETIAPINE; RISPERIDONE; SERTINDOLE; THIORIDAZINE; ZIPRASIDONE; ZOTEPINE;

EID: 35048827065     PISSN: 11727047     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00023210-200721110-00004     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (346)

References (208)
  • 1
    • 0038653525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of the efficacy of second-generation antipsychotics
    • Davis JM, Chen N, Glick ID. A meta-analysis of the efficacy of second-generation antipsychotics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2003; 60 (6): 553-64
    • (2003) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.60 , Issue.6 , pp. 553-564
    • Davis, J.M.1    Chen, N.2    Glick, I.D.3
  • 2
    • 0042978712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relapse prevention in schizophrenia with new-generation antipsychotics: A systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials
    • Leucht S, Barnes TR, Kissling W, et al. Relapse prevention in schizophrenia with new-generation antipsychotics: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. Am J Psychiatry 2003; 160 (7): 1209-22
    • (2003) Am J Psychiatry , vol.160 , Issue.7 , pp. 1209-1222
    • Leucht, S.1    Barnes, T.R.2    Kissling, W.3
  • 3
    • 24944521199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia practice guidelines: International survey and comparison
    • Gaebel W, Weinmann S, Sartorius N, et al. Schizophrenia practice guidelines: international survey and comparison. Br J Psychiatry 2005; 187: 248-55
    • (2005) Br J Psychiatry , vol.187 , pp. 248-255
    • Gaebel, W.1    Weinmann, S.2    Sartorius, N.3
  • 4
    • 33646781286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of mania: A meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials
    • Perlis RH, Welge JA, Vornik LA, et al. Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of mania: a meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials. J Clin Psychiatry 2006; 67 (4): 509-16
    • (2006) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.67 , Issue.4 , pp. 509-516
    • Perlis, R.H.1    Welge, J.A.2    Vornik, L.A.3
  • 5
    • 15744400568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of quetiapine in the treatment of bipolar I or II depression
    • Calabrese JR, Keck Jr PE, MacFadden W, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of quetiapine in the treatment of bipolar I or II depression. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162 (7): 1351-60
    • (2005) Am J Psychiatry , vol.162 , Issue.7 , pp. 1351-1360
    • Calabrese, J.R.1    Keck Jr, P.E.2    MacFadden, W.3
  • 6
    • 21344437952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olanzapine versus lithium in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder: A 12-month, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial
    • Tohen M, Greil W, Calabrese JR, et al. Olanzapine versus lithium in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder: a 12-month, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial. Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162 (7): 1281-90
    • (2005) Am J Psychiatry , vol.162 , Issue.7 , pp. 1281-1290
    • Tohen, M.1    Greil, W.2    Calabrese, J.R.3
  • 9
    • 0025988340 scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of tardive dyskinesia incidence in the elderly
    • Saltz BL, Woener MG, Kane JM, et al. A prospective study of tardive dyskinesia incidence in the elderly. JAMA 1991; 66: 2402-6
    • (1991) JAMA , vol.66 , pp. 2402-2406
    • Saltz, B.L.1    Woener, M.G.2    Kane, J.M.3
  • 10
    • 4444313940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive factors for QTc prolongation in schizophrenic patients taking antipsychotics
    • Lin CH, Chen MC, Wang SY, et al. Predictive factors for QTc prolongation in schizophrenic patients taking antipsychotics. J Formos Med Assoc 2004; 103 (6): 437-41
    • (2004) J Formos Med Assoc , vol.103 , Issue.6 , pp. 437-441
    • Lin, C.H.1    Chen, M.C.2    Wang, S.Y.3
  • 11
    • 0027238608 scopus 로고
    • Clozapine-induced agranulocytosis: Incidence and risk factors in the United States
    • Alvir JM, Lieberman JA, Safferman AZ, et al. Clozapine-induced agranulocytosis: incidence and risk factors in the United States. N Engl J Med 1993; 329: 162-7
    • (1993) N Engl J Med , vol.329 , pp. 162-167
    • Alvir, J.M.1    Lieberman, J.A.2    Safferman, A.Z.3
  • 12
    • 0026655798 scopus 로고
    • A study of serum prolactin levels in schizophrenia: Comparison of males and females
    • Kuruvilla A, Peedicayil J, Srikrishna G, et al. A study of serum prolactin levels in schizophrenia: comparison of males and females. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1992; 19 (9): 603-6
    • (1992) Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol , vol.19 , Issue.9 , pp. 603-606
    • Kuruvilla, A.1    Peedicayil, J.2    Srikrishna, G.3
  • 13
    • 0028331326 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The new atypical antipsychotics: A lack of extra-pyramidal side-effects and new routes in schizophrenia research
    • Kerwin RW. The new atypical antipsychotics: a lack of extra-pyramidal side-effects and new routes in schizophrenia research. Br J Psychiatry 1998; 164: 141-8
    • (1998) Br J Psychiatry , vol.164 , pp. 141-148
    • Kerwin, R.W.1
  • 14
    • 25844453682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • British Medical Association and Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, 53rd ed. London: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and RPS Publishing, Mar
    • British Medical Association and Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. British national formulary. 53rd ed. London: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and RPS Publishing, 2007 Mar
    • (2007) British national formulary
  • 15
    • 25144456112 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) investigators: Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia
    • Lieberman JA, Stroup TS, McEvoy JP, et al. Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness (CATIE) investigators: effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 2005; 353: 1209-23
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.353 , pp. 1209-1223
    • Lieberman, J.A.1    Stroup, T.S.2    McEvoy, J.P.3
  • 16
    • 0031696868 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prescription-event monitoring: Recent progress and future horizons
    • Mann RD. Prescription-event monitoring: recent progress and future horizons. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1998; 46 (3): 195-201
    • (1998) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 195-201
    • Mann, R.D.1
  • 17
    • 18744371089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-marketing surveillance: A UK/European perspective
    • Gough S. Post-marketing surveillance: a UK/European perspective. Curr Med Res Opin 2005; 21 (4): 565-70
    • (2005) Curr Med Res Opin , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 565-570
    • Gough, S.1
  • 18
    • 34547632553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse effects of antipsychotics as outcome measures
    • Hamer S, Haddad PM. Adverse effects of antipsychotics as outcome measures. Br J Psychiatry 2007; 191: S64-70
    • (2007) Br J Psychiatry , vol.191
    • Hamer, S.1    Haddad, P.M.2
  • 19
    • 23844470099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conflict of interest in psychiatry
    • Ahmer S, Arya P, Anderson D, et al. Conflict of interest in psychiatry. Psychiatr Bull 2005; 29: 302-4
    • (2005) Psychiatr Bull , vol.29 , pp. 302-304
    • Ahmer, S.1    Arya, P.2    Anderson, D.3
  • 20
    • 0002369103 scopus 로고
    • Neuroleptic induced extrapyramidal syndromes and tardive dyskinesia
    • Hirsch S, editor, Oxford: Blackwell
    • Casey DE. Neuroleptic induced extrapyramidal syndromes and tardive dyskinesia. In: Hirsch S, editor. Schizophrenia. Oxford: Blackwell, 1995: 546-55
    • (1995) Schizophrenia , pp. 546-555
    • Casey, D.E.1
  • 21
    • 0031747423 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel antipsychotics, extrapyramidal side effects and tardive dyskinesia
    • Barnes TRE, McPhillips MA. Novel antipsychotics, extrapyramidal side effects and tardive dyskinesia. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1998; 13 Suppl. 3: S49-57
    • (1998) Int Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.13 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Barnes, T.R.E.1    McPhillips, M.A.2
  • 22
    • 0033919701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Misuse of anticholinergic drugs by people with serious mental illness
    • Buhrich N, Weller A, Kevans P. Misuse of anticholinergic drugs by people with serious mental illness. Psychiatr Serv 2000; 51 (7): 928-9
    • (2000) Psychiatr Serv , vol.51 , Issue.7 , pp. 928-929
    • Buhrich, N.1    Weller, A.2    Kevans, P.3
  • 23
    • 35048834378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticholinergic toxicity
    • Haddad P, Dursun S, Deakin B, editors, Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Prior TI, Baker GB. Anticholinergic toxicity. In: Haddad P, Dursun S, Deakin B, editors. Adverse syndromes and psychiatric drugs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004: 293-7
    • (2004) Adverse syndromes and psychiatric drugs , pp. 293-297
    • Prior, T.I.1    Baker, G.B.2
  • 24
    • 17844402792 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benzodiazepine dependence
    • Haddad P, Dursun S, Deakin B, editors, Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Ashton H. Benzodiazepine dependence. In: Haddad P, Dursun S, Deakin B, editors. Adverse syndromes and psychiatric drugs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004: 239-59
    • (2004) Adverse syndromes and psychiatric drugs , pp. 239-259
    • Ashton, H.1
  • 25
    • 0027384218 scopus 로고
    • Adverse reactions with beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs: An update
    • Lewis RV, Lofthouse C. Adverse reactions with beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs: an update. Drug Saf 1993; 9 (4): 272-9
    • (1993) Drug Saf , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 272-279
    • Lewis, R.V.1    Lofthouse, C.2
  • 26
    • 0034598111 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia: Systematic overview and meta-regression analysis
    • Geddes J, Freemantle N, Harrison P, et al. Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia: systematic overview and meta-regression analysis. BMJ 2000; 321 (7273): 1371-6
    • (2000) BMJ , vol.321 , Issue.7273 , pp. 1371-1376
    • Geddes, J.1    Freemantle, N.2    Harrison, P.3
  • 27
    • 85045798374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A systematic review of atypical antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia
    • Bagnall AM, Jones L, Ginnelly L, et al. A systematic review of atypical antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia. Health Technol Assess 2003; 7 (13): 1-193
    • (2003) Health Technol Assess , vol.7 , Issue.13 , pp. 1-193
    • Bagnall, A.M.1    Jones, L.2    Ginnelly, L.3
  • 28
    • 33749321169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized controlled trial of the effect on quality of life of second- vs first-generation antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia. Cost Utility of the Latest Antipsychotic Drugs in Schizophrenia Study (CUt-LASS 1)
    • Jones PB, Barnes TR, Davies L, et al. Randomized controlled trial of the effect on quality of life of second- vs first-generation antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia. Cost Utility of the Latest Antipsychotic Drugs in Schizophrenia Study (CUt-LASS 1). Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006; 63 (10): 1079-87
    • (2006) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.63 , Issue.10 , pp. 1079-1087
    • Jones, P.B.1    Barnes, T.R.2    Davies, L.3
  • 29
    • 0038582771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New generation antipsychotics versus low-potency conventional antipsychotics: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Leucht S, Wahlbeck K, Hamann J, et al. New generation antipsychotics versus low-potency conventional antipsychotics: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2003; 361 (9369): 1581-9
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , Issue.9369 , pp. 1581-1589
    • Leucht, S.1    Wahlbeck, K.2    Hamann, J.3
  • 31
    • 0030975653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia: A meta analysis of randomised controlled trials
    • Song F. Risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia: a meta analysis of randomised controlled trials. J Psychopharmocol 1997; 11: 65-71
    • (1997) J Psychopharmocol , vol.11 , pp. 65-71
    • Song, F.1
  • 32
    • 0028342655 scopus 로고
    • Risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia
    • Marder SR, Miebach RC. Risperidone in the treatment of schizophrenia. Am J Psych 1994; 151: 825-35
    • (1994) Am J Psych , vol.151 , pp. 825-835
    • Marder, S.R.1    Miebach, R.C.2
  • 33
    • 0028865612 scopus 로고
    • Risperidone in the treatment of patients with chronic schizophrenia: A multi-national, multi-centre, double-blind, parallel-group study versus haloperidol
    • Peuskens J. Risperidone in the treatment of patients with chronic schizophrenia: a multi-national, multi-centre, double-blind, parallel-group study versus haloperidol. Br J Psychiatry 1995; 166: 712-26
    • (1995) Br J Psychiatry , vol.166 , pp. 712-726
    • Peuskens, J.1
  • 34
    • 0030743114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amisulpride compared with standard neuroleptics in acute exacerbations of schizophrenia
    • Freeman HL. Amisulpride compared with standard neuroleptics in acute exacerbations of schizophrenia. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1997; 12 Suppl. 2: S11-17
    • (1997) Int Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.12 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Freeman, H.L.1
  • 35
    • 33846795038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jayaram MB, Hosalli P, Stroup S. Risperidone versus olanzapine for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006 Apr 19; (2): CD005237
    • Jayaram MB, Hosalli P, Stroup S. Risperidone versus olanzapine for schizophrenia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006 Apr 19; (2): CD005237
  • 36
    • 0036001464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving outcome in schizophrenia: The potential importance of EPS and neuroleptic dysphoria
    • Gerlach J. Improving outcome in schizophrenia: the potential importance of EPS and neuroleptic dysphoria. Ann Clin Psych 2002; 14 (1): 47-57
    • (2002) Ann Clin Psych , vol.14 , Issue.1 , pp. 47-57
    • Gerlach, J.1
  • 37
    • 0030795988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • the Seroquel Trial 13 Study Group. Multiple fixed doses of seroquel in patients with acute exacerbations of schizophrenia: A comparison with haloperidol and placebo
    • Aravantis LA, Miller BG, the Seroquel Trial 13 Study Group. Multiple fixed doses of seroquel in patients with acute exacerbations of schizophrenia: a comparison with haloperidol and placebo. Biol Psych 1997; 42: 233-46
    • (1997) Biol Psych , vol.42 , pp. 233-246
    • Aravantis, L.A.1    Miller, B.G.2
  • 38
    • 0037410337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aripiprazole in the treatment of schizophrenia: Safety and tolerability in shortterm, placebo-controlled trials
    • Marder SR, McQuade RD, Stock E, et al. Aripiprazole in the treatment of schizophrenia: safety and tolerability in shortterm, placebo-controlled trials. Schizophr Res 2003; 61 (2-3): 123-36
    • (2003) Schizophr Res , vol.61 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 123-136
    • Marder, S.R.1    McQuade, R.D.2    Stock, E.3
  • 39
    • 0001584620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A placebo-controlled comparison of zotepine versus chlorpromazine in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia
    • Cooper SJ, Tweed J, Raniwalla J, et al. A placebo-controlled comparison of zotepine versus chlorpromazine in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2000; 101 (3): 218-25
    • (2000) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.101 , Issue.3 , pp. 218-225
    • Cooper, S.J.1    Tweed, J.2    Raniwalla, J.3
  • 40
    • 0037215368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical antipsychotics in the EPS vulnerable patient
    • Friedman JH. Atypical antipsychotics in the EPS vulnerable patient. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2003; 28 Suppl. 1: 39-51
    • (2003) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.28 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 39-51
    • Friedman, J.H.1
  • 42
    • 0027264874 scopus 로고
    • Predicting the long term risk of tardive dyskinesia in outpatients maintained on neuroleptic medication
    • Glazer WM, Morgenstern H, Doucette JT. Predicting the long term risk of tardive dyskinesia in outpatients maintained on neuroleptic medication. J Clin Psychiatry 1993; 54: 133-9
    • (1993) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.54 , pp. 133-139
    • Glazer, W.M.1    Morgenstern, H.2    Doucette, J.T.3
  • 43
    • 0032962302 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tardive dyskinesia in affective disorders
    • discussion 48-9
    • Kane JM. Tardive dyskinesia in affective disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 1999; 60 Suppl. 5: 43-7, discussion 48-9
    • (1999) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.60 , Issue.SUPPL. 5 , pp. 43-47
    • Kane, J.M.1
  • 45
    • 0031790237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective study of tardive dyskinesia in the elderly: Rates and risk factors
    • Woerner MG, Alvir JM, Saltz BL, et al. Prospective study of tardive dyskinesia in the elderly: rates and risk factors. Am J Psychiatry 1998; 155 (11): 1521-8
    • (1998) Am J Psychiatry , vol.155 , Issue.11 , pp. 1521-1528
    • Woerner, M.G.1    Alvir, J.M.2    Saltz, B.L.3
  • 46
    • 85086353721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised double blind comparison of the incidence of tardive dyskinea in patients in patients with schizophrenia during long term treatment with olanzapine or haloperidol
    • Beasley CM, Dellva MA, Tamura RN, et al. Randomised double blind comparison of the incidence of tardive dyskinea in patients in patients with schizophrenia during long term treatment with olanzapine or haloperidol. Br J Psych 1999; 175: 391-2
    • (1999) Br J Psych , vol.175 , pp. 391-392
    • Beasley, C.M.1    Dellva, M.A.2    Tamura, R.N.3
  • 47
    • 0037012134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of risperidone and haloperidol for the prevention of relapse in patients with schizophrenia. Risperidone-USA-79 Study Group
    • Csernansky JG, Mahmoud R, Brenner R. A comparison of risperidone and haloperidol for the prevention of relapse in patients with schizophrenia. Risperidone-USA-79 Study Group. N Engl J Med 2002; 346 (1): 16-22
    • (2002) N Engl J Med , vol.346 , Issue.1 , pp. 16-22
    • Csernansky, J.G.1    Mahmoud, R.2    Brenner, R.3
  • 48
    • 0021268968 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of tardive dyskinesia: Five year data from a prospective study
    • Kane JM, Woerner M, Weinhold P, et al. Incidence of tardive dyskinesia: five year data from a prospective study. Psychopharmacol Bull 1984; 20: 39-40
    • (1984) Psychopharmacol Bull , vol.20 , pp. 39-40
    • Kane, J.M.1    Woerner, M.2    Weinhold, P.3
  • 49
    • 1542373740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower risk for tardive dyskinesia associated with second generation antipsychotics: A systematic review of one year studies
    • Correll CU, Leucht S, Kane JM. Lower risk for tardive dyskinesia associated with second generation antipsychotics: a systematic review of one year studies. Am J Psych 2004; 161 (3): 414-25
    • (2004) Am J Psych , vol.161 , Issue.3 , pp. 414-425
    • Correll, C.U.1    Leucht, S.2    Kane, J.M.3
  • 50
    • 0037501364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of tardive dyskinesia with typical versus atypical antipsychotics in very high risk patients
    • Dolder CR, Jeste DV. Incidence of tardive dyskinesia with typical versus atypical antipsychotics in very high risk patients. Biol Psychiatry 2003; 15: 1142-5
    • (2003) Biol Psychiatry , vol.15 , pp. 1142-1145
    • Dolder, C.R.1    Jeste, D.V.2
  • 51
    • 0031671734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clozapine efficacy in tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenic patients
    • Bassitt DP, Louza Neto MR. Clozapine efficacy in tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenic patients. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1998; 248: 209-11
    • (1998) Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.248 , pp. 209-211
    • Bassitt, D.P.1    Louza Neto, M.R.2
  • 52
    • 0025801091 scopus 로고
    • The effects of clozapine on tardive dyskinesia
    • Lieberman JA, Saltz BL, Johns CA, et al. The effects of clozapine on tardive dyskinesia. Br J Psychiatry 1991; 58: 503-10
    • (1991) Br J Psychiatry , vol.58 , pp. 503-510
    • Lieberman, J.A.1    Saltz, B.L.2    Johns, C.A.3
  • 53
    • 0030792071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clozapine treatment for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia, parkinsonism, and chronic akathisia in schizophrenic patients
    • Spivak B, Mester R, Abesgaus J, et al. Clozapine treatment for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia, parkinsonism, and chronic akathisia in schizophrenic patients. J Clin Psychiatry 1997; 58: 318-22
    • (1997) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.58 , pp. 318-322
    • Spivak, B.1    Mester, R.2    Abesgaus, J.3
  • 54
    • 4544275938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olanzapine treatment for tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia patients: A prospective clinical trial with patients randomized to blinded dose reduction periods
    • Kinon BJ, Jeste DV, Kollack-Walker S, et al. Olanzapine treatment for tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia patients: a prospective clinical trial with patients randomized to blinded dose reduction periods. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2004; 28: 985-96
    • (2004) Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry , vol.28 , pp. 985-996
    • Kinon, B.J.1    Jeste, D.V.2    Kollack-Walker, S.3
  • 55
    • 2942731496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A single-blind randomised trial comparing quetiapine and haloperidol in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia
    • Emsley R, Turner HJ, Schronen J, et al. A single-blind randomised trial comparing quetiapine and haloperidol in the treatment of tardive dyskinesia. J Clin Psychiatry 2004; 65: 696-701
    • (2004) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.65 , pp. 696-701
    • Emsley, R.1    Turner, H.J.2    Schronen, J.3
  • 56
    • 0344119568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risperidone for severe tardive dyskinesia: A 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
    • Bai YM, Yu SC, Lin CC. Risperidone for severe tardive dyskinesia: a 12-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Psychiatry 2003; 64: 1342-8
    • (2003) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.64 , pp. 1342-1348
    • Bai, Y.M.1    Yu, S.C.2    Lin, C.C.3
  • 57
    • 0028200350 scopus 로고
    • Clozapine-related tardive dyskinesia
    • Dave M. Clozapine-related tardive dyskinesia. Biol Psychiatry 1994; 35 (11): 886-7
    • (1994) Biol Psychiatry , vol.35 , Issue.11 , pp. 886-887
    • Dave, M.1
  • 58
    • 0032920748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tardive dyskinesia with quetiapine
    • Ghelber D, Belmaker RH. Tardive dyskinesia with quetiapine. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156 (5): 796-7
    • (1999) Am J Psychiatry , vol.156 , Issue.5 , pp. 796-797
    • Ghelber, D.1    Belmaker, R.H.2
  • 59
    • 0030004461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risperidone-induced tardive dyskinesia
    • Buzan RD. Risperidone-induced tardive dyskinesia. Am J Psychiatry 1996; 153 (5): 734-5
    • (1996) Am J Psychiatry , vol.153 , Issue.5 , pp. 734-735
    • Buzan, R.D.1
  • 60
    • 0033529406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tardive dyskinesia associated with olanzapine [letter]
    • Herran A, Vazquez-Barquero JL. Tardive dyskinesia associated with olanzapine [letter]. Ann Intern Med 1999; 131 (1): 72
    • (1999) Ann Intern Med , vol.131 , Issue.1 , pp. 72
    • Herran, A.1    Vazquez-Barquero, J.L.2
  • 61
    • 0021929136 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous tardive dyskinesia; clinical and laboratory studies
    • Casey DE. Spontaneous tardive dyskinesia; clinical and laboratory studies. J Clin Psychiatry 1985; 46: 42-7
    • (1985) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.46 , pp. 42-47
    • Casey, D.E.1
  • 62
    • 0021207202 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of tardive dyskinesia in elderly samples
    • Lieberman J, Kane J, Woerner M. Prevalence of tardive dyskinesia in elderly samples. Psychopharmacol Bull 1984; 20 (1): 22-6
    • (1984) Psychopharmacol Bull , vol.20 , Issue.1 , pp. 22-26
    • Lieberman, J.1    Kane, J.2    Woerner, M.3
  • 63
    • 15844410325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence and correlates of tardive dyskinesia in first episode schizophrenia
    • Chakos MH, Alvir JMJ, Woerner MG, et al. Incidence and correlates of tardive dyskinesia in first episode schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1996; 53: 313-9
    • (1996) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.53 , pp. 313-319
    • Chakos, M.H.1    Alvir, J.M.J.2    Woerner, M.G.3
  • 64
    • 0033929228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low incidence of persistent tardive dyskinesia in elderly patients with dementia treated with risperidone
    • Jeste DV, Okamoto A, Napolitano J, et al. Low incidence of persistent tardive dyskinesia in elderly patients with dementia treated with risperidone. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157 (7): 1150-5
    • (2000) Am J Psychiatry , vol.157 , Issue.7 , pp. 1150-1155
    • Jeste, D.V.1    Okamoto, A.2    Napolitano, J.3
  • 65
    • 0035060791 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blind comparison of olanzapine versus clozapine in schizophrenic patients clinically eligible for treatment with clozapine. Lilly Resistant Schizophrenia Study Group
    • Tollefson GD, Birkett MA, Kiesler GM, et al. Double-blind comparison of olanzapine versus clozapine in schizophrenic patients clinically eligible for treatment with clozapine. Lilly Resistant Schizophrenia Study Group. Biol Psychiatry 2001; 49 (1): 52-63
    • (2001) Biol Psychiatry , vol.49 , Issue.1 , pp. 52-63
    • Tollefson, G.D.1    Birkett, M.A.2    Kiesler, G.M.3
  • 66
  • 67
    • 0018582722 scopus 로고
    • Effect of clozapine on human serum prolactin levels
    • Meltzer HY, Goode DJ, Schyve PM, et al. Effect of clozapine on human serum prolactin levels. Am J Psychiatry 1979; 136: 1550-5
    • (1979) Am J Psychiatry , vol.136 , pp. 1550-1555
    • Meltzer, H.Y.1    Goode, D.J.2    Schyve, P.M.3
  • 68
    • 0030920294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quetiapine in patients with schizophrenia: A high- and low-dose double-blind comparison with placebo
    • Small JG, Hirsch SR, Arvanitis LA, et al. Quetiapine in patients with schizophrenia: a high- and low-dose double-blind comparison with placebo. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1997; 54: 549-57
    • (1997) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.54 , pp. 549-557
    • Small, J.G.1    Hirsch, S.R.2    Arvanitis, L.A.3
  • 69
    • 0030817163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The acute and long-term effect of olanzapine compared with placebo and haloperidol on serum prolactin concentrations
    • Crawford AM, Beasley Jr CM, Tollefson GD. The acute and long-term effect of olanzapine compared with placebo and haloperidol on serum prolactin concentrations. Schizophr Res 1997; 26: 41-54
    • (1997) Schizophr Res , vol.26 , pp. 41-54
    • Crawford, A.M.1    Beasley Jr, C.M.2    Tollefson, G.D.3
  • 70
    • 85045374358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolactin elevation with ziprasidone [letter]
    • Jacobson J. Prolactin elevation with ziprasidone [letter]. Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161 (10): 1925
    • (2004) Am J Psychiatry , vol.161 , Issue.10 , pp. 1925
    • Jacobson, J.1
  • 71
    • 0027985659 scopus 로고
    • Correlation between prolactin response and therapeutic effects of zotepine in schizophrenic patients
    • Otani K, Kondo T, Kaneko S, et al. Correlation between prolactin response and therapeutic effects of zotepine in schizophrenic patients. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1994; 9 (4): 287-9
    • (1994) Int Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 287-289
    • Otani, K.1    Kondo, T.2    Kaneko, S.3
  • 72
    • 0028865612 scopus 로고
    • Risperidone in the treatment of patients with chronic: A multi-national, multi-centre, double-blind, parallel-group study versus haloperidol
    • Peuskens J. Risperidone in the treatment of patients with chronic: a multi-national, multi-centre, double-blind, parallel-group study versus haloperidol. Br J Psychiatry 1995; 166: 712-26
    • (1995) Br J Psychiatry , vol.166 , pp. 712-726
    • Peuskens, J.1
  • 73
    • 0345059247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroendocrine response to antipsychotics: Effects of drug type and gender
    • Gruender G, Wetzel H, Schloesser R, et al. Neuroendocrine response to antipsychotics: effects of drug type and gender. Biol Psychiatry 1999; 45: 89-97
    • (1999) Biol Psychiatry , vol.45 , pp. 89-97
    • Gruender, G.1    Wetzel, H.2    Schloesser, R.3
  • 74
    • 6344253360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinaemia: Mechanisms, clinical features and management
    • Haddad PM, Wieck A. Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinaemia: mechanisms, clinical features and management. Drugs 2004; 64 (20): 2291-314
    • (2004) Drugs , vol.64 , Issue.20 , pp. 2291-2314
    • Haddad, P.M.1    Wieck, A.2
  • 75
    • 0029897296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High plasma prolactin levels after long-term neuroleptic treatment
    • Zelaschi NM, Delucchi GA, Rodriguez JL. High plasma prolactin levels after long-term neuroleptic treatment. Biol Psychiatry 1996; 39: 900-1
    • (1996) Biol Psychiatry , vol.39 , pp. 900-901
    • Zelaschi, N.M.1    Delucchi, G.A.2    Rodriguez, J.L.3
  • 76
    • 0344119561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prolactin levels during long-term risperidone treatment in children and adolescents
    • Findling RL, Kusumakar V, Daneman D, et al. Prolactin levels during long-term risperidone treatment in children and adolescents. J Clin Psychiatry 2003; 64 (11): 1362-9
    • (2003) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.64 , Issue.11 , pp. 1362-1369
    • Findling, R.L.1    Kusumakar, V.2    Daneman, D.3
  • 77
    • 0035660328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinaemia: A series of illustrative case reports
    • Haddad PM, Hellewell JSE, Wieck A. Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinaemia: a series of illustrative case reports. J Psychopharmacol 2001; 15: 293-5
    • (2001) J Psychopharmacol , vol.15 , pp. 293-295
    • Haddad, P.M.1    Hellewell, J.S.E.2    Wieck, A.3
  • 78
    • 33846947984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of hip fracture in patients with a history of schizophrenia
    • Howard L, Kirkwood G, Leese M. Risk of hip fracture in patients with a history of schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 2007; 190: 129-34
    • (2007) Br J Psychiatry , vol.190 , pp. 129-134
    • Howard, L.1    Kirkwood, G.2    Leese, M.3
  • 79
    • 0036897032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine antagonists and the development of breast cancer
    • Wang PS, Walker AM, Tsuang MT, et al. Dopamine antagonists and the development of breast cancer. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002; 59: 1147-54
    • (2002) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.59 , pp. 1147-1154
    • Wang, P.S.1    Walker, A.M.2    Tsuang, M.T.3
  • 80
    • 0000156587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antipsychotic tolerability: The attitudes and perceptions of medical professionals, patients and caregivers towards the side effects of antipsychotic therapy [abstract]
    • S
    • Hellewell JSE. Antipsychotic tolerability: the attitudes and perceptions of medical professionals, patients and caregivers towards the side effects of antipsychotic therapy [abstract]. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 1998; 8 Suppl.: S248
    • (1998) Eur Neuropsychopharmacol , vol.8 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 248
    • Hellewell, J.S.E.1
  • 81
    • 0035116648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real progress: The patient's perspective
    • Wallace M. Real progress: the patient's perspective. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2001; 16 Suppl.: S21-4
    • (2001) Int Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.16 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Wallace, M.1
  • 82
    • 7044260514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of present and past antipsychotic side effects on attitude toward typical antipsychotic treatment and adherence
    • Lambert M, Conus P, Eide P, et al. Impact of present and past antipsychotic side effects on attitude toward typical antipsychotic treatment and adherence. Eur Psychiatry 2004; 19 (7): 415-22
    • (2004) Eur Psychiatry , vol.19 , Issue.7 , pp. 415-422
    • Lambert, M.1    Conus, P.2    Eide, P.3
  • 83
    • 0031904920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual dysfunction: The unspoken side effect of antipsychotics
    • Peuskens J, Sienaert P, De Heft M. Sexual dysfunction: the unspoken side effect of antipsychotics. Eur Psychiatry 1998; 13 Suppl. 1: S23-30
    • (1998) Eur Psychiatry , vol.13 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Peuskens, J.1    Sienaert, P.2    De Heft, M.3
  • 84
    • 0942277248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized open-label study of the impact of quetiapine versus risperidone on sexual functioning
    • Knegtering R, Castelein S, Bous H, et al. A randomized open-label study of the impact of quetiapine versus risperidone on sexual functioning. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2004; 24 (1): 56-61
    • (2004) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 56-61
    • Knegtering, R.1    Castelein, S.2    Bous, H.3
  • 85
    • 0019943377 scopus 로고
    • Sexual dysfunction and plasma prolactin levels in neuroleptic-treated schizophrenic outpatients
    • Ghadirian AM, Chouinard G, Annable L. Sexual dysfunction and plasma prolactin levels in neuroleptic-treated schizophrenic outpatients. J Nerv Ment Dis 1982; 170 (8): 463-7
    • (1982) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.170 , Issue.8 , pp. 463-467
    • Ghadirian, A.M.1    Chouinard, G.2    Annable, L.3
  • 86
    • 0036642362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual side effects of novel antipsychotic medications
    • Wirshing DA, Pierre JM, Marder SR, et al. Sexual side effects of novel antipsychotic medications. Schizophr Res 2002; 56 (1-2): 25-30
    • (2002) Schizophr Res , vol.56 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 25-30
    • Wirshing, D.A.1    Pierre, J.M.2    Marder, S.R.3
  • 87
    • 0020570438 scopus 로고
    • The pathophysiology of sexual dysfunction associated with antipsychotic drug therapy in males: A review
    • Mitchell J, Popkin M. The pathophysiology of sexual dysfunction associated with antipsychotic drug therapy in males: a review. Arch Sexual Behav 1983; 12: 173-83
    • (1983) Arch Sexual Behav , vol.12 , pp. 173-183
    • Mitchell, J.1    Popkin, M.2
  • 88
    • 0030671093 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia, antipsychotic drugs and sexual function
    • Baldwin DS, Birtwistle J. Schizophrenia, antipsychotic drugs and sexual function. Prim Care Psychiatry 1997; 3: 115-23
    • (1997) Prim Care Psychiatry , vol.3 , pp. 115-123
    • Baldwin, D.S.1    Birtwistle, J.2
  • 89
    • 0020694974 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous ejaculations and neuroleptics
    • Keitner GI, Selub S. Spontaneous ejaculations and neuroleptics. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1993; 3: 34-6
    • (1993) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.3 , pp. 34-36
    • Keitner, G.I.1    Selub, S.2
  • 90
    • 0030594166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Priapism associated with psychotropic drugs
    • Patel AG, Mukherji K, Lee A. Priapism associated with psychotropic drugs. Br J Hosp Med 1996; 55: 315-9
    • (1996) Br J Hosp Med , vol.55 , pp. 315-319
    • Patel, A.G.1    Mukherji, K.2    Lee, A.3
  • 91
    • 0034066258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrent priapism during treatment with clozapine and olanzapine [letter]
    • Compton MT, Saldivia A, Berry SA. Recurrent priapism during treatment with clozapine and olanzapine [letter]. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157: 659
    • (2000) Am J Psychiatry , vol.157 , pp. 659
    • Compton, M.T.1    Saldivia, A.2    Berry, S.A.3
  • 92
    • 0026668646 scopus 로고
    • Clozapine-induced priapism
    • Rosen SI, Hanno PM. Clozapine-induced priapism. J Urol 1992; 148: 876-7
    • (1992) J Urol , vol.148 , pp. 876-877
    • Rosen, S.I.1    Hanno, P.M.2
  • 96
    • 0034830815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Priapism from quetiapine overdose: First report and proposal of mechanism [abstract]
    • Pais VM, Ayvazian PJ. Priapism from quetiapine overdose: first report and proposal of mechanism [abstract]. Urology 2001; 58: 462
    • (2001) Urology , vol.58 , pp. 462
    • Pais, V.M.1    Ayvazian, P.J.2
  • 97
    • 0036296061 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual dysfunction in patients taking conventional antipsychotic medication
    • Smith SM, O'Keane V, Murray R. Sexual dysfunction in patients taking conventional antipsychotic medication. Br J Psychiatry 2002; 181: 49-55
    • (2002) Br J Psychiatry , vol.181 , pp. 49-55
    • Smith, S.M.1    O'Keane, V.2    Murray, R.3
  • 98
    • 0033005819 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hyperprolactinaemia and male sexual dysfunction [letter]
    • Dickson RA, Glazer WM. Hyperprolactinaemia and male sexual dysfunction [letter]. J Clin Psychiatry 1999; 60: 125
    • (1999) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.60 , pp. 125
    • Dickson, R.A.1    Glazer, W.M.2
  • 99
    • 0036255617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of olanzapine on prolactin levels of female patients with schizophrenia treated with risperidone
    • Kim KS, Pae CU, Chae JH, et al. Effects of olanzapine on prolactin levels of female patients with schizophrenia treated with risperidone. J Clin Psychiatry 2002; 63: 408-13
    • (2002) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.63 , pp. 408-413
    • Kim, K.S.1    Pae, C.U.2    Chae, J.H.3
  • 100
    • 0032906399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual disturbances during clozapine and haloperidol treatment for schizophrenia
    • Hummer M, Kemmler G, Kurz M, et al. Sexual disturbances during clozapine and haloperidol treatment for schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156 (4): 631-3
    • (1999) Am J Psychiatry , vol.156 , Issue.4 , pp. 631-633
    • Hummer, M.1    Kemmler, G.2    Kurz, M.3
  • 101
    • 0034891505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of sexual dysfunction in male schizophrenic patients maintained on treatment with classical antipsychotics versus clozapine
    • Aizenberg D, Modai I, Landa A, et al. Comparison of sexual dysfunction in male schizophrenic patients maintained on treatment with classical antipsychotics versus clozapine. J Clin Psychiatry 2001; 62: 541-4
    • (2001) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.62 , pp. 541-544
    • Aizenberg, D.1    Modai, I.2    Landa, A.3
  • 102
    • 0345382828 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency of sexual dysfunction and other reproductive side-effects in patients with schizophrenia treated with risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, or haloperidol: The results of the EIRE study
    • Bobes J, Garc A-Portilla MP, Rejas J, et al. Frequency of sexual dysfunction and other reproductive side-effects in patients with schizophrenia treated with risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, or haloperidol: the results of the EIRE study. J Sex Marital Ther 2003; 29 (2): 125-47
    • (2003) J Sex Marital Ther , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 125-147
    • Bobes, J.1    Garc A-Portilla, M.P.2    Rejas, J.3
  • 103
    • 0032812653 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety of amisulpride (Solian): A review of 11 clinical studies
    • Coulouvrat C, Dodney-Nouvel L. Safety of amisulpride (Solian): a review of 11 clinical studies. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1999; 14: 209-18
    • (1999) Int Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.14 , pp. 209-218
    • Coulouvrat, C.1    Dodney-Nouvel, L.2
  • 106
    • 0035030227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and extent of distress of adverse effects of antipsychotics among callers to a United Kingdom National Mental Health Helpline
    • Fakhoury WK, Wright D, Wallace M. Prevalence and extent of distress of adverse effects of antipsychotics among callers to a United Kingdom National Mental Health Helpline. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2001; 16 (3): 153-62
    • (2001) Int Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 153-162
    • Fakhoury, W.K.1    Wright, D.2    Wallace, M.3
  • 107
    • 0031685474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Societal and personal costs of obesity
    • Seidell JC. Societal and personal costs of obesity. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 1998; 106 Suppl. 2: 7-9
    • (1998) Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes , vol.106 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 7-9
    • Seidell, J.C.1
  • 108
    • 0032742418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The disease burden associated with overweight and obesity
    • Must A, Spadano J, Coakley EH, et al. The disease burden associated with overweight and obesity. JAMA 1998; 282: 1523-9
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.282 , pp. 1523-1529
    • Must, A.1    Spadano, J.2    Coakley, E.H.3
  • 109
    • 0032751075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antipsychotic induced weight gain: A comprehensive research synthesis
    • Allison DB, Mentore JL, Heo M, et al. Antipsychotic induced weight gain: a comprehensive research synthesis. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156: 1686-96
    • (1999) Am J Psychiatry , vol.156 , pp. 1686-1696
    • Allison, D.B.1    Mentore, J.L.2    Heo, M.3
  • 110
    • 0034121256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical antipsychotics and weight gain: A systematic review
    • Taylor DM, McAskill R. Atypical antipsychotics and weight gain: a systematic review. Acta Psychiatrica Scand 2000; 101: 416-32
    • (2000) Acta Psychiatrica Scand , vol.101 , pp. 416-432
    • Taylor, D.M.1    McAskill, R.2
  • 111
    • 33645464191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weight change with atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia
    • Haddad PM. Weight change with atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia. J Psychopharmacol 2005; 19 (6 Suppl.): 17-27
    • (2005) J Psychopharmacol , vol.19 , Issue.6 SUPPL. , pp. 17-27
    • Haddad, P.M.1
  • 112
    • 0029904335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential effect of clozapine on weight: A controlled study
    • Bustillo JR, Buchanan RW, Irish D, et al. Differential effect of clozapine on weight: a controlled study. Am J Psychiatry 1996; 153: 817-9
    • (1996) Am J Psychiatry , vol.153 , pp. 817-819
    • Bustillo, J.R.1    Buchanan, R.W.2    Irish, D.3
  • 113
    • 0031736947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weight changes during clozapine treatment
    • Briffa D, Meehan T. Weight changes during clozapine treatment. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 1998; 32: 718-21
    • (1998) Aust N Z J Psychiatry , vol.32 , pp. 718-721
    • Briffa, D.1    Meehan, T.2
  • 114
    • 0034042934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clozapine, diabetes mellitus, weight gain and lipid abnormalities: A five-year naturalistic study
    • Henderson DC, Cagliero E, Gray C, et al. Clozapine, diabetes mellitus, weight gain and lipid abnormalities: a five-year naturalistic study. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157: 975-81
    • (2000) Am J Psychiatry , vol.157 , pp. 975-981
    • Henderson, D.C.1    Cagliero, E.2    Gray, C.3
  • 115
    • 35048878822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tolerability of outpatient antipsychotic treatment: 36-month results from the European Schizophrenia Outpatients Health Outcomes (SOHO) study [poster]
    • Jul 9-13; Chicago IL
    • Novick D, Haro JM, Suarez D, et al. Tolerability of outpatient antipsychotic treatment: 36-month results from the European Schizophrenia Outpatients Health Outcomes (SOHO) study [poster]. CINP Congress; 2006 Jul 9-13; Chicago (IL)
    • (2006) CINP Congress
    • Novick, D.1    Haro, J.M.2    Suarez, D.3
  • 116
    • 0035108241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term olanzapine treatment: Weight change and weight-related health factors in schizophrenia
    • Kinon BJ, Basson BR, Gilmore JA, et al. Long-term olanzapine treatment: weight change and weight-related health factors in schizophrenia. Clin Psychiatry 2001; 62 (2): 92-100
    • (2001) Clin Psychiatry , vol.62 , Issue.2 , pp. 92-100
    • Kinon, B.J.1    Basson, B.R.2    Gilmore, J.A.3
  • 117
    • 0031953821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quetiapine: A review of its use in schizophrenia
    • Guansekara NS, Spencer CM. Quetiapine: a review of its use in schizophrenia. CNS Drugs 1998; 9: 325-40
    • (1998) CNS Drugs , vol.9 , pp. 325-340
    • Guansekara, N.S.1    Spencer, C.M.2
  • 118
    • 0034534492 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The long term effects of quetiapine (Seroquel™) monotherapy on weight gain in patients with schizophrenia
    • Brecher M, Rak I, Melvin K, et al. The long term effects of quetiapine (Seroquel™) monotherapy on weight gain in patients with schizophrenia. Int J Psychiatry Clin Prac 2000; 4: 287-91
    • (2000) Int J Psychiatry Clin Prac , vol.4 , pp. 287-291
    • Brecher, M.1    Rak, I.2    Melvin, K.3
  • 119
    • 24644435060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a behavioural weight management programme for patients with severe mental illness: 3-year results
    • Pendlebury J, Haddad P, Dursun S. Evaluation of a behavioural weight management programme for patients with severe mental illness: 3-year results. Hum Psychopharmacol 2005; 20 (6): 447-8
    • (2005) Hum Psychopharmacol , vol.20 , Issue.6 , pp. 447-448
    • Pendlebury, J.1    Haddad, P.2    Dursun, S.3
  • 120
    • 33645463817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of lifestyle interventions and weight management in schizophrenia
    • Bushe C, Haddad P, Peveler R, et al. The role of lifestyle interventions and weight management in schizophrenia. J Psychopharmacol 2005; 19 (6 Suppl.): 28-35
    • (2005) J Psychopharmacol , vol.19 , Issue.6 SUPPL. , pp. 28-35
    • Bushe, C.1    Haddad, P.2    Peveler, R.3
  • 121
    • 0001205689 scopus 로고
    • Hyperglycemia and glucosuria following chlorpromazine therapy [letter]
    • Hiles BW. Hyperglycemia and glucosuria following chlorpromazine therapy [letter]. JAMA 1956; 162: 1651
    • (1956) JAMA , vol.162 , pp. 1651
    • Hiles, B.W.1
  • 122
    • 0001572838 scopus 로고
    • Haemolytic anaemia, jaundice and diabetes mellitus following chlorpromazine therapy
    • Cooperberg AA, Eidlow S. Haemolytic anaemia, jaundice and diabetes mellitus following chlorpromazine therapy. J Can Med Assoc 1956; 75: 746-9
    • (1956) J Can Med Assoc , vol.75 , pp. 746-749
    • Cooperberg, A.A.1    Eidlow, S.2
  • 123
    • 1842633566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antipsychotics and diabetes: Review of non-prospective data
    • Haddad PM. Antipsychotics and diabetes: review of non-prospective data. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 2004; 47: S80-6
    • (2004) Br J Psychiatry Suppl , vol.47
    • Haddad, P.M.1
  • 124
    • 0035893949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clozapine-associated diabetes
    • Koller E, Schneider B, Bennett K, et al. Clozapine-associated diabetes. Am J Med 2001; 111: 716-23
    • (2001) Am J Med , vol.111 , pp. 716-723
    • Koller, E.1    Schneider, B.2    Bennett, K.3
  • 125
    • 0035990397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Olanzapine-associated diabetes mellitus
    • Koller EA, Doraiswamy PM. Olanzapine-associated diabetes mellitus. Pharmacotherapy 2002; 22: 841-52
    • (2002) Pharmacotherapy , vol.22 , pp. 841-852
    • Koller, E.A.1    Doraiswamy, P.M.2
  • 126
    • 0038689155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risperidone-associated diabetes mellitus: A pharmacovigilance study
    • Koller EA, Cross JT, Doraiswamy PM, et al. Risperidone-associated diabetes mellitus: a pharmacovigilance study. Pharmacotherapy 2003; 23: 735-44
    • (2003) Pharmacotherapy , vol.23 , pp. 735-744
    • Koller, E.A.1    Cross, J.T.2    Doraiswamy, P.M.3
  • 127
    • 4344566384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A survey of reports of quetiapine-associated hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus
    • Koller EA, Weber J, Doraiswamy PM, et al. A survey of reports of quetiapine-associated hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus. J Clin Psychiatry 2004; 65 (6): 857-63
    • (2004) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.65 , Issue.6 , pp. 857-863
    • Koller, E.A.1    Weber, J.2    Doraiswamy, P.M.3
  • 128
    • 0842348094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Diabetes Association, American Psychiatric Association, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, et al. Consensus development conference on antipsychotic drugs and obesity and diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004; 27 (2): 596-601
    • American Diabetes Association, American Psychiatric Association, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, et al. Consensus development conference on antipsychotic drugs and obesity and diabetes. Diabetes Care 2004; 27 (2): 596-601
  • 129
    • 2942679341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia and diabetes 2003' expert consensus meeting, Dublin 3-4 October 2003: Consensus summary
    • Expert group
    • Expert group. 'Schizophrenia and diabetes 2003' expert consensus meeting, Dublin 3-4 October 2003: consensus summary. Br J Psychiatry Suppl 2004; 47: S112-4
    • (2004) Br J Psychiatry Suppl , vol.47
  • 130
    • 9144223056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consensus Working Group. Diabetes, psychotic disorders and antipsychotic therapy: A consensus statement
    • Lambert TJ, Chapman LH, Consensus Working Group. Diabetes, psychotic disorders and antipsychotic therapy: a consensus statement. Med J Aust 2004; 181: 544-8
    • (2004) Med J Aust , vol.181 , pp. 544-548
    • Lambert, T.J.1    Chapman, L.H.2
  • 131
    • 0036215480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormalities in glucose regulation during antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia
    • Newcomer JW, Haupt DW, Fucetola R, et al. Abnormalities in glucose regulation during antipsychotic treatment of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2002; 59 (4): 337-45
    • (2002) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.59 , Issue.4 , pp. 337-345
    • Newcomer, J.W.1    Haupt, D.W.2    Fucetola, R.3
  • 132
    • 1642446034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of impairment in glucose control caused by clozapine without changes in insulin resistance
    • Howes OD, Bhatnagar A, Gaughran FP, et al. A prospective study of impairment in glucose control caused by clozapine without changes in insulin resistance. Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161 (2): 361-3
    • (2004) Am J Psychiatry , vol.161 , Issue.2 , pp. 361-363
    • Howes, O.D.1    Bhatnagar, A.2    Gaughran, F.P.3
  • 133
    • 0037317444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired fasting glucose tolerance in first-episode, drug-naive patients with schizophrenia
    • Ryan MC, Collins P, Thakore JH. Impaired fasting glucose tolerance in first-episode, drug-naive patients with schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2003; 160: 284-9
    • (2003) Am J Psychiatry , vol.160 , pp. 284-289
    • Ryan, M.C.1    Collins, P.2    Thakore, J.H.3
  • 134
    • 33749063357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • First epsiode and neuroleptic free patients with schziophrenia have reduced insulin sensitivity: A minimal model analysis [abstract]
    • Cohn TA, Wolever T, Bois D, et al. First epsiode and neuroleptic free patients with schziophrenia have reduced insulin sensitivity: a minimal model analysis [abstract]. Schizophren Bull 2005; 31: 197-8
    • (2005) Schizophren Bull , vol.31 , pp. 197-198
    • Cohn, T.A.1    Wolever, T.2    Bois, D.3
  • 135
    • 0346373688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of antipsychotics on fat deposition and changes in leptin and insulin levels: Magnetic resonance imaging study of previously untreated people with schizophrenia
    • Zhang ZJ, Yao ZJ, Liu W, et al. Effects of antipsychotics on fat deposition and changes in leptin and insulin levels: magnetic resonance imaging study of previously untreated people with schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 2004; 184: 58-62
    • (2004) Br J Psychiatry , vol.184 , pp. 58-62
    • Zhang, Z.J.1    Yao, Z.J.2    Liu, W.3
  • 136
    • 16544377948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insulin resistance and increased leptin concentrations in noncompliant schizophrenia patients but not in antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia patients
    • Arranz B, Rosel P, Ramirez N, et al. Insulin resistance and increased leptin concentrations in noncompliant schizophrenia patients but not in antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia patients. J Clin Psychiatry 2004; 65 (10): 1335-42
    • (2004) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.65 , Issue.10 , pp. 1335-1342
    • Arranz, B.1    Rosel, P.2    Ramirez, N.3
  • 137
    • 17744390617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Undiagnosed impaired fasting glucose and diabetes mellitus amongst inpatients receiving antipsychotic drugs
    • Taylor D, Young C, Mohamed R, et al. Undiagnosed impaired fasting glucose and diabetes mellitus amongst inpatients receiving antipsychotic drugs. J Psychopharmacol 2005; 19 (2): 182-6
    • (2005) J Psychopharmacol , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 182-186
    • Taylor, D.1    Young, C.2    Mohamed, R.3
  • 138
    • 0038269948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in patients with schizophrenia
    • Subramaniam M, Chong SA, Pek E. Diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in patients with schizophrenia. Can J Psychiatry 2003; 48 (5): 345-7
    • (2003) Can J Psychiatry , vol.48 , Issue.5 , pp. 345-347
    • Subramaniam, M.1    Chong, S.A.2    Pek, E.3
  • 139
    • 33749024452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes risk associated with use of olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone in veterans health administration patients with schizophrenia
    • Lambert BL, Cunningham FE, Miller DR, et al. Diabetes risk associated with use of olanzapine, quetiapine, and risperidone in veterans health administration patients with schizophrenia. Am J Epidemiol 2006; 164 (7): 672-81
    • (2006) Am J Epidemiol , vol.164 , Issue.7 , pp. 672-681
    • Lambert, B.L.1    Cunningham, F.E.2    Miller, D.R.3
  • 140
    • 0037315939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in glucose and cholesterol levels in patients with schizophrenia treated with typical or atypical antipsychotics
    • Lindenmayer JP, Czobor P, Volavka J, et al. Changes in glucose and cholesterol levels in patients with schizophrenia treated with typical or atypical antipsychotics. Am J Psychiatry 2003; 160: 290-6
    • (2003) Am J Psychiatry , vol.160 , pp. 290-296
    • Lindenmayer, J.P.1    Czobor, P.2    Volavka, J.3
  • 141
    • 0037712923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical and conventional antipsychotic drugs in treatment-naive first-epsiode schizophrenia: A 52-week randomised trial of clozapine vs chlorpromazine
    • Lieberman JA, Philips M, Gu H, et al. Atypical and conventional antipsychotic drugs in treatment-naive first-epsiode schizophrenia: a 52-week randomised trial of clozapine vs chlorpromazine. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003; 28: 995-1003
    • (2003) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.28 , pp. 995-1003
    • Lieberman, J.A.1    Philips, M.2    Gu, H.3
  • 142
    • 1842633564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diabetes and its prevention: Pragmatic solutions for people with schizophrenia
    • Gough S, Peveler R. Diabetes and its prevention: pragmatic solutions for people with schizophrenia. Br J Psychiatry 2004; 184 Suppl. 47: S106-11
    • (2004) Br J Psychiatry , vol.184 , Issue.SUPPL. 47
    • Gough, S.1    Peveler, R.2
  • 143
    • 0038034509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum total cholesterol concentrations and awareness, treatment, and control of hypercholesterolemia among US adults: Findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 to 2000
    • Ford ES, Mokdad AH, Giles WH, et al. Serum total cholesterol concentrations and awareness, treatment, and control of hypercholesterolemia among US adults: findings from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999 to 2000. Circulation 2003; 107 (17): 2185-9
    • (2003) Circulation , vol.107 , Issue.17 , pp. 2185-2189
    • Ford, E.S.1    Mokdad, A.H.2    Giles, W.H.3
  • 144
    • 0014878433 scopus 로고
    • The effect of chlorpromazine on serum cholesterol in chronic schizophrenic patients
    • Clark M, Dubowski K, Colmore J. The effect of chlorpromazine on serum cholesterol in chronic schizophrenic patients. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1970; 11 (6): 883-9
    • (1970) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.11 , Issue.6 , pp. 883-889
    • Clark, M.1    Dubowski, K.2    Colmore, J.3
  • 145
    • 1842739590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse metabolic effects associated with atypical antipsychotics: Literature review and clinical implications
    • Melkersson K, Dahl ML. Adverse metabolic effects associated with atypical antipsychotics: literature review and clinical implications. Drugs 2004; 64 (7): 701-23
    • (2004) Drugs , vol.64 , Issue.7 , pp. 701-723
    • Melkersson, K.1    Dahl, M.L.2
  • 146
    • 16644402581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of weight change during treatment with olanzapine or aripiprazole: Results from a randomized, double-blind study
    • McQuade RD, Stock E, Marcus R, et al. A comparison of weight change during treatment with olanzapine or aripiprazole: results from a randomized, double-blind study. J Clin Psychiatry 2004; 65 Suppl. 18: 47-56
    • (2004) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.65 , Issue.SUPPL. 18 , pp. 47-56
    • McQuade, R.D.1    Stock, E.2    Marcus, R.3
  • 147
    • 33947713749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in metabolic parameters with switching to aripiprazole from another second-generation antipsychotic: A retrospective chart review
    • Spurling RD, Lamberti JS, Olsen D, et al. Changes in metabolic parameters with switching to aripiprazole from another second-generation antipsychotic: a retrospective chart review. J Clin Psychiatry 2007; 68 (3): 406-9
    • (2007) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.68 , Issue.3 , pp. 406-409
    • Spurling, R.D.1    Lamberti, J.S.2    Olsen, D.3
  • 148
    • 33744939217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential impact of antipsychotics on lipids in schizophrenia: Is there enough evidence to confirm a link?
    • Bushe C, Paton C. The potential impact of antipsychotics on lipids in schizophrenia: is there enough evidence to confirm a link? J Psychopharmacol 2005; 19 (6 Suppl.): 76-83
    • (2005) J Psychopharmacol , vol.19 , Issue.6 SUPPL. , pp. 76-83
    • Bushe, C.1    Paton, C.2
  • 149
    • 3142769794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of antipsychotic therapy on serum lipids: A comprehensive review
    • Meyer JM, Koro CE. The effects of antipsychotic therapy on serum lipids: a comprehensive review. Schizophr Res 2004; 70 (1): 1-17
    • (2004) Schizophr Res , vol.70 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-17
    • Meyer, J.M.1    Koro, C.E.2
  • 150
    • 4644347322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The atypical antipsychotic therapy and metabolic issues national survey: Practice patterns and knowledge of psychiatrists
    • Newcomer JW, Nasrallah HA, Loebel AD. The atypical antipsychotic therapy and metabolic issues national survey: practice patterns and knowledge of psychiatrists. J Clin Psychopharmacology 2004; 24 Suppl. 1: S1-6
    • (2004) J Clin Psychopharmacology , vol.24 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Newcomer, J.W.1    Nasrallah, H.A.2    Loebel, A.D.3
  • 151
    • 70350708301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expert Consensus Meeting. Metabolic and lifestyle issues and severe mental illness: new connections to well-being? J Psychopharmacol 2005; 19 (6 Suppl.): 118-22
    • Expert Consensus Meeting. Metabolic and lifestyle issues and severe mental illness: new connections to well-being? J Psychopharmacol 2005; 19 (6 Suppl.): 118-22
  • 152
    • 35048852668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Physicians' desk reference. 55th ed. Montvale (NJ): Medical Economics Company Inc, 2001
    • Physicians' desk reference. 55th ed. Montvale (NJ): Medical Economics Company Inc, 2001
  • 153
    • 0038743996 scopus 로고
    • Unexplained deaths during chlorpromazine therapy
    • Reinert RE, Hermann CG. Unexplained deaths during chlorpromazine therapy. J Nerv Ment Dis 1960; 131: 435-42
    • (1960) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.131 , pp. 435-442
    • Reinert, R.E.1    Hermann, C.G.2
  • 154
    • 0001512001 scopus 로고
    • Electrocardiographic changes induced by phenothiazine drugs
    • Ban TA, St Jean A. Electrocardiographic changes induced by phenothiazine drugs. Am Heart J 1965; 70: 575-6
    • (1965) Am Heart J , vol.70 , pp. 575-576
    • Ban, T.A.1    St Jean, A.2
  • 155
    • 0036322892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antipsychotic-related QTc prolongation, torsade de pointes and sudden death
    • Haddad PM, Anderson IM. Antipsychotic-related QTc prolongation, torsade de pointes and sudden death. Drugs 2002; 62 (11): 1649-71
    • (2002) Drugs , vol.62 , Issue.11 , pp. 1649-1671
    • Haddad, P.M.1    Anderson, I.M.2
  • 158
    • 0035139739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of newer atypical antipsychotics on autonomic neurocardiac function: A comparison between amisulpride, olanzapine, sertindole and clozapine
    • Agelink MW, Majewski T, Wurthmann C, et al. Effects of newer atypical antipsychotics on autonomic neurocardiac function: a comparison between amisulpride, olanzapine, sertindole and clozapine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2001; 21: 8-13
    • (2001) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.21 , pp. 8-13
    • Agelink, M.W.1    Majewski, T.2    Wurthmann, C.3
  • 159
    • 0003485638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US FDA, Psychopharmacological Drugs Advisory Committee, 19 July, online, Available from URL:, Accessed Sep 25
    • US FDA, Psychopharmacological Drugs Advisory Committee. Briefing document for Zeldox capsules (ziprasidone hydrochloride), 19 July, 2000 [online]. Available from URL: http://www.fda.gov/ohrms/dockets/ac/00/backgrd/3619b1a.pdf [Accessed 2007 Sep 25]
    • (2000) Briefing document for Zeldox capsules (ziprasidone hydrochloride)
  • 160
    • 0011903658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clozapine and cardiac safety: Updated advice for prescribers
    • Committee on Safety of Medicines and the Medicines Control Agency
    • Committee on Safety of Medicines and the Medicines Control Agency. Clozapine and cardiac safety: updated advice for prescribers. Curr Probl Pharmacovigilance 2002; 28: 8
    • (2002) Curr Probl Pharmacovigilance , vol.28 , pp. 8
  • 161
    • 0033610722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocarditis and cardiomyopathy associated with clozapine
    • Killian JG, Kerr K, Lawrence C, et al. Myocarditis and cardiomyopathy associated with clozapine. Lancet 1999; 354: 1841-5
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 1841-1845
    • Killian, J.G.1    Kerr, K.2    Lawrence, C.3
  • 162
    • 0034603227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clozapine and sudden death
    • Warner B, Alphs L, Schadelin J, et al. Clozapine and sudden death. Lancet 2000; 355: 842-3
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 842-843
    • Warner, B.1    Alphs, L.2    Schadelin, J.3
  • 163
    • 0343133914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association of venous thromboembolism and clozapine
    • Hagg S, Spigset O, Soderstrohm TG. Association of venous thromboembolism and clozapine. Lancet 2000; 355: 1155-6
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.355 , pp. 1155-1156
    • Hagg, S.1    Spigset, O.2    Soderstrohm, T.G.3
  • 164
    • 2942741017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clozapine and hypertension: A chart review of 82 patients
    • Henderson DC, Daley TB, Kunkel L, et al. Clozapine and hypertension: a chart review of 82 patients. J Clin Psychiatry 2004; 65 (5): 686-9
    • (2004) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.65 , Issue.5 , pp. 686-689
    • Henderson, D.C.1    Daley, T.B.2    Kunkel, L.3
  • 166
    • 33750628479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model of anticholinergic activity of atypical antipsychotic medications
    • Chew ML, Mulsant BH, Pollock BG, et al. A model of anticholinergic activity of atypical antipsychotic medications. Schizophr Res 2006; 88 (1-3): 63-72
    • (2006) Schizophr Res , vol.88 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 63-72
    • Chew, M.L.1    Mulsant, B.H.2    Pollock, B.G.3
  • 167
    • 0034030696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticholinergic differences among patients receiving standard clinical doses of olanzapine or clozapine
    • Chengappa KN, Pollock BG, Parepally H, et al. Anticholinergic differences among patients receiving standard clinical doses of olanzapine or clozapine. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2000; 20 (3): 311-6
    • (2000) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 311-316
    • Chengappa, K.N.1    Pollock, B.G.2    Parepally, H.3
  • 168
    • 0034055597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clozapine-induced hypersalivation
    • Davydov L, Botts SR. Clozapine-induced hypersalivation. Ann Pharmacother 2000; 34 (5): 662-5
    • (2000) Ann Pharmacother , vol.34 , Issue.5 , pp. 662-665
    • Davydov, L.1    Botts, S.R.2
  • 169
    • 0036188371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Death from clozapine-induced constipation: Case report and literature review
    • Levin TT, Barrett J, Mendelowitz A. Death from clozapine-induced constipation: case report and literature review. Psychosomatics 2002; 43 (1): 71-3
    • (2002) Psychosomatics , vol.43 , Issue.1 , pp. 71-73
    • Levin, T.T.1    Barrett, J.2    Mendelowitz, A.3
  • 170
    • 0029569046 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of changes in both weight and frequency of use of medications for the treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms among clozapine-treated patients
    • John JP, Chengappa KN, Baker RW, et al. Assessment of changes in both weight and frequency of use of medications for the treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms among clozapine-treated patients. Ann Clin Psychiatry 1995; 7 (3): 119-25
    • (1995) Ann Clin Psychiatry , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 119-125
    • John, J.P.1    Chengappa, K.N.2    Baker, R.W.3
  • 172
    • 0033288769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active monitoring of 12,760 clozapine recipients in the UK and Ireland: Beyond pharmacovigilance
    • Munro J, O'Sullivan D, Andrews C, et al. Active monitoring of 12,760 clozapine recipients in the UK and Ireland: beyond pharmacovigilance. Br J Psychiatry 1999; 175: 576-80
    • (1999) Br J Psychiatry , vol.175 , pp. 576-580
    • Munro, J.1    O'Sullivan, D.2    Andrews, C.3
  • 173
    • 35048859961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clozaril® summary of product characteristics [online]. Available from URL: http://emc.medicines.org.uk/emc/assets/c/html/displaydoc.asp?documentid= 1277 [Accessed 2007 Sept 11]
    • Clozaril® summary of product characteristics [online]. Available from URL: http://emc.medicines.org.uk/emc/assets/c/html/displaydoc.asp?documentid= 1277 [Accessed 2007 Sept 11]
  • 174
    • 34247251970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of neutropenia in the U.S. population: Age, sex, smoking status, and ethnic differences
    • Hsieh MM, Everhart JE, Byrd-Holt DD, et al. Prevalence of neutropenia in the U.S. population: age, sex, smoking status, and ethnic differences. Ann Intern Med 2007; 146 (7): 486-92
    • (2007) Ann Intern Med , vol.146 , Issue.7 , pp. 486-492
    • Hsieh, M.M.1    Everhart, J.E.2    Byrd-Holt, D.D.3
  • 175
    • 0031963142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of clozapine-induced neutropenia by pretreatment with lithium
    • Silverstone PH. Prevention of clozapine-induced neutropenia by pretreatment with lithium. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1998; 18 (1): 86-8
    • (1998) J Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 86-88
    • Silverstone, P.H.1
  • 176
    • 7344253543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lithium and clozapine-induced neutropenia/agranulocytosis
    • Blier P, Slater S, Measham T, et al. Lithium and clozapine-induced neutropenia/agranulocytosis. Int Clin Psychopharma-col 1998; 13 (3): 137-40
    • (1998) Int Clin Psychopharma-col , vol.13 , Issue.3 , pp. 137-140
    • Blier, P.1    Slater, S.2    Measham, T.3
  • 177
    • 1842452362 scopus 로고
    • Chlorpromazine in non-psychotic patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
    • Hollister LE, Eikenberry DT, Raffel S. Chlorpromazine in non-psychotic patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Am Rev Resp Dis 1960; 81: 562-3
    • (1960) Am Rev Resp Dis , vol.81 , pp. 562-563
    • Hollister, L.E.1    Eikenberry, D.T.2    Raffel, S.3
  • 178
    • 0031773885 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroleptic discontinuation syndromes
    • Tranter R, Healy D. Neuroleptic discontinuation syndromes. J Psychopharmacol 1996; 12: 401-6
    • (1996) J Psychopharmacol , vol.12 , pp. 401-406
    • Tranter, R.1    Healy, D.2
  • 179
    • 0035082671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antidepressant discontinuation syndromes
    • Haddad PM. Antidepressant discontinuation syndromes. Drug Saf 2001; 24 (3): 183-97
    • (2001) Drug Saf , vol.24 , Issue.3 , pp. 183-197
    • Haddad, P.M.1
  • 180
    • 0016168437 scopus 로고
    • Clozapine: A new antipsychotic agent
    • Simpson GM, Varga E. Clozapine: a new antipsychotic agent. Curr Ther Res 1974; 16: 679-86
    • (1974) Curr Ther Res , vol.16 , pp. 679-686
    • Simpson, G.M.1    Varga, E.2
  • 182
    • 0023143938 scopus 로고
    • Supersensitivity and clozapine withdrawal [letter]
    • Eklund K. Supersensitivity and clozapine withdrawal [letter]. Psychopharmacology 1987; 91: 135
    • (1987) Psychopharmacology , vol.91 , pp. 135
    • Eklund, K.1
  • 183
    • 0031686299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clozapine withdrawal-emergent dystonias and dyskinesias: A case series
    • Ahmed S, Chengappa KN, Naidu VR, et al. Clozapine withdrawal-emergent dystonias and dyskinesias: a case series. J Clin Psychiatry 1998; 59 (9): 472-7
    • (1998) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.59 , Issue.9 , pp. 472-477
    • Ahmed, S.1    Chengappa, K.N.2    Naidu, V.R.3
  • 184
    • 0031925236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and tics during clozapine withdrawal
    • Poyurovsky M, Bergman Y, Shoshani D, et al. Emergence of obsessive-compulsive symptoms and tics during clozapine withdrawal. Clin Neuropharmacol 1998; 21: 97-100
    • (1998) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.21 , pp. 97-100
    • Poyurovsky, M.1    Bergman, Y.2    Shoshani, D.3
  • 185
    • 0004235298 scopus 로고
    • American Psychiatric Association, 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association
    • American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994
    • (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
  • 186
    • 0027531002 scopus 로고
    • Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
    • Caroff SN, Mann SC. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Med Clin North Am 1993; 77: 185-202
    • (1993) Med Clin North Am , vol.77 , pp. 185-202
    • Caroff, S.N.1    Mann, S.C.2
  • 187
    • 0042385014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neroleptic malignant syndrome induced by atypical antipsychotics
    • Farver DK. Neroleptic malignant syndrome induced by atypical antipsychotics. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2003; 2: 21-35
    • (2003) Expert Opin Drug Saf , vol.2 , pp. 21-35
    • Farver, D.K.1
  • 188
    • 0026000215 scopus 로고
    • Neuroleptic malignant syndrome without the use of neuroleptics
    • Heyland D, Sauve M. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome without the use of neuroleptics. CMAJ 1991; 145 (7): 817-9
    • (1991) CMAJ , vol.145 , Issue.7 , pp. 817-819
    • Heyland, D.1    Sauve, M.2
  • 189
    • 2442436578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroleptic malignant syndrome and atypical antipsychotic drugs
    • Ananth J, Parameswaran S, Gunatilake S, et al. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome and atypical antipsychotic drugs. J Clin Psychiatry 2004; 65 (4): 464-70
    • (2004) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.65 , Issue.4 , pp. 464-470
    • Ananth, J.1    Parameswaran, S.2    Gunatilake, S.3
  • 190
    • 0036084257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroleptic malignant syndrome due to atypical neuroleptics: Three episodes in one patient
    • Bottlender R, Jager M, Hofschuster E, et al. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome due to atypical neuroleptics: three episodes in one patient. Pharmacopsychiatry 2002; 35 (3): 119-21
    • (2002) Pharmacopsychiatry , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 119-121
    • Bottlender, R.1    Jager, M.2    Hofschuster, E.3
  • 191
    • 8644292732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aripiprazole and neuroleptic malignant syndrome
    • Chakraborty N, Johnston T. Aripiprazole and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2004; 19 (6): 351-3
    • (2004) Int Clin Psychopharmacol , vol.19 , Issue.6 , pp. 351-353
    • Chakraborty, N.1    Johnston, T.2
  • 192
    • 0025763513 scopus 로고
    • Declining frequency of neroleptic malignant syndrome
    • Keck PE, Pope HG. Declining frequency of neroleptic malignant syndrome. Am J Psych 1991; 148: 880-2
    • (1991) Am J Psych , vol.148 , pp. 880-882
    • Keck, P.E.1    Pope, H.G.2
  • 193
    • 0029906650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors which can make patients difficult to treat
    • Kane JM. Factors which can make patients difficult to treat. Br J Psych Suppl 1996; 31: 10-4
    • (1996) Br J Psych Suppl , vol.31 , pp. 10-14
    • Kane, J.M.1
  • 194
    • 0029928452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different side effect profiles of risperidone and clozapine in 20 out patients with schizophrenia
    • Daniel DG, Goldberg TE, Weinberger DR, et al. Different side effect profiles of risperidone and clozapine in 20 out patients with schizophrenia. Am J Psych 1996; 153: 417-9
    • (1996) Am J Psych , vol.153 , pp. 417-419
    • Daniel, D.G.1    Goldberg, T.E.2    Weinberger, D.R.3
  • 195
    • 0025994111 scopus 로고
    • Antipsychotic medications and seizures
    • Marks RC, Luchins DJ. Antipsychotic medications and seizures. Psychiatr Med 1991; 9 (1): 37-52
    • (1991) Psychiatr Med , vol.9 , Issue.1 , pp. 37-52
    • Marks, R.C.1    Luchins, D.J.2
  • 196
    • 0141842769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antipsychotic medication and seizures: A review
    • Hedges D, Jeppson K, Whitehead P. Antipsychotic medication and seizures: a review. Drugs Today (Barc) 2003; 39 (7): 551-7
    • (2003) Drugs Today (Barc) , vol.39 , Issue.7 , pp. 551-557
    • Hedges, D.1    Jeppson, K.2    Whitehead, P.3
  • 198
    • 35048855666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Zoleptil: summary of product characteristics. Newbury; Orion Pharma (UK) Ltd, 2002
    • Zoleptil: summary of product characteristics. Newbury; Orion Pharma (UK) Ltd, 2002
  • 199
    • 35048866507 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical antipsychotic drugs and stroke: message from Professor Gordon Duff, Chairman, Committee on Safety of Medicines (CEM/CMO/200401) [online]. Available from URL: http://www.info.doh.gov.uk/doh/embroadcast.nsf/ vwDiscussionAll/3D8Dbb48B26FF90280256E520045977A [Accessed 2007 Oct 1]
    • Atypical antipsychotic drugs and stroke: message from Professor Gordon Duff, Chairman, Committee on Safety of Medicines (CEM/CMO/200401) [online]. Available from URL: http://www.info.doh.gov.uk/doh/embroadcast.nsf/
  • 200
    • 26844538114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of death with atypical antipsychotic drug treatment for dementia: Meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials
    • Schneider LS, Dagerman KS, Insel P. Risk of death with atypical antipsychotic drug treatment for dementia: meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. JAMA 2005; 294 (15): 1934-43
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.294 , Issue.15 , pp. 1934-1943
    • Schneider, L.S.1    Dagerman, K.S.2    Insel, P.3
  • 201
    • 33644922637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics for dementia: Meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials
    • Schneider LS, Dagerman K, Insel PS. Efficacy and adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics for dementia: meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2006; 14 (3): 191-210
    • (2006) Am J Geriatr Psychiatry , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 191-210
    • Schneider, L.S.1    Dagerman, K.2    Insel, P.S.3
  • 202
    • 33749618085 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of atypical antipsychotic drugs in patients with Alzheimer's disease
    • Schneider LS, Tariot PN, Dagerman KS, et al. Effectiveness of atypical antipsychotic drugs in patients with Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med 2006; 355 (15): 1525-38
    • (2006) N Engl J Med , vol.355 , Issue.15 , pp. 1525-1538
    • Schneider, L.S.1    Tariot, P.N.2    Dagerman, K.S.3
  • 203
    • 20044375721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical antipsychotic drugs and risk of ischaemic stroke: Population based retrospective cohort study
    • Gill SS, Rochon PA, Herrmann N, et al. Atypical antipsychotic drugs and risk of ischaemic stroke: population based retrospective cohort study. BMJ 2005; 330: 445-8
    • (2005) BMJ , vol.330 , pp. 445-448
    • Gill, S.S.1    Rochon, P.A.2    Herrmann, N.3
  • 204
    • 2942618528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical antipsychotics and risk of cerebrovascular accidents
    • Herrmann N, Mamdani M, Lanctôt KL. Atypical antipsychotics and risk of cerebrovascular accidents. Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161: 1113-5
    • (2004) Am J Psychiatry , vol.161 , pp. 1113-1115
    • Herrmann, N.1    Mamdani, M.2    Lanctôt, K.L.3
  • 205
    • 28244431743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of death in elderly users of conventional vs. atypical antipsychotic medications
    • Wang PS, Schneeweiss S, Avorn J, et al. Risk of death in elderly users of conventional vs. atypical antipsychotic medications. N Engl J Med 2005; 353 (22): 2335-41
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.353 , Issue.22 , pp. 2335-2341
    • Wang, P.S.1    Schneeweiss, S.2    Avorn, J.3
  • 206
    • 26644452304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebrovascular events among elderly nursing home patients treated with conventional or atypical antipsychotics
    • Liperoti R, Gambassi G, Lapane KL, et al. Cerebrovascular events among elderly nursing home patients treated with conventional or atypical antipsychotics. J Clin Psychiatry 2005; 66 (9): 1090-6
    • (2005) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.66 , Issue.9 , pp. 1090-1096
    • Liperoti, R.1    Gambassi, G.2    Lapane, K.L.3
  • 207
    • 33750065380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between patient satisfaction and treatment outcomes in schizophrenia
    • Chue P. The relationship between patient satisfaction and treatment outcomes in schizophrenia. J Psychopharmacol 2006; 20 (6 Suppl.): 38-56
    • (2006) J Psychopharmacol , vol.20 , Issue.6 SUPPL. , pp. 38-56
    • Chue, P.1
  • 208
    • 35048857496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negotiating styles adopted by consultant psychiatrists when prescribing antipsychotics
    • Chaplin R, Lelliott P, Quirk A, et al. Negotiating styles adopted by consultant psychiatrists when prescribing antipsychotics. Adv Psychiatr Treat 2007; 13: 43-50
    • (2007) Adv Psychiatr Treat , vol.13 , pp. 43-50
    • Chaplin, R.1    Lelliott, P.2    Quirk, A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.