메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 84, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 1833-1876

Special purpose vehicles: Empirical evidence on determinants and earnings management

Author keywords

Corporate governance; Earnings management; Off balance sheet entities; Special purpose vehicles; Taxes

Indexed keywords


EID: 73349124115     PISSN: 00014826     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2308/accr.2009.84.6.1833     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (69)

References (86)
  • 1
    • 73349131288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Batson, N. 2003. Final report of Neal Batson, court appointed examiner. In re: Enron Corp., et al., Debtors. (November 2). Available at: http://www.enron.com/media/Final-Report-Neal-Batson.pdf.
    • Batson, N. 2003. Final report of Neal Batson, court appointed examiner. In re: Enron Corp., et al., Debtors. (November 2). Available at: http://www.enron.com/media/Final-Report-Neal-Batson.pdf.
  • 2
    • 0042108707 scopus 로고
    • Motives for forming research & development financing organizations
    • Beatty, A., P. Berger, and J. Magliolo. 1995. Motives for forming research & development financing organizations. Journal of Accounting and Economics 19 (2-3): 411-442.
    • (1995) Journal of Accounting and Economics , vol.19 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 411-442
    • Beatty, A.1    Berger, P.2    Magliolo, J.3
  • 3
    • 34748912964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An alternative interpretation of the discontinuity in earnings distributions
    • Beaver, W., M. McNichols, and K. Nelson. 2007. An alternative interpretation of the discontinuity in earnings distributions. Review of Accounting Studies 12 (4): 525-556.
    • (2007) Review of Accounting Studies , vol.12 , Issue.4 , pp. 525-556
    • Beaver, W.1    McNichols, M.2    Nelson, K.3
  • 5
    • 43949150974 scopus 로고
    • Outside directors and the adoption of poison pills
    • Brickley, J., J. Coles, and R. Terry. 1994. Outside directors and the adoption of poison pills. Journal of Financial Economics 35 (3): 371-390.
    • (1994) Journal of Financial Economics , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 371-390
    • Brickley, J.1    Coles, J.2    Terry, R.3
  • 6
    • 0001748799 scopus 로고
    • Further evidence on the time series properties of accounting income
    • Brooks, L., and D. Buckmaster. 1976. Further evidence on the time series properties of accounting income. The Journal of Finance 31 (5): 1359-1373.
    • (1976) The Journal of Finance , vol.31 , Issue.5 , pp. 1359-1373
    • Brooks, L.1    Buckmaster, D.2
  • 7
    • 73349092016 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • And now, the question is: Where's the next Enron?
    • June 18
    • Bryan-Low, C., and K. Brown. 2002. And now, the question is: Where's the next Enron? Wall Street Journal (June 18).
    • (2002) Wall Street Journal
    • Bryan-Low, C.1    Brown, K.2
  • 8
    • 0031498155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earnings management to avoid earnings decreases and losses
    • Burgstahler, D., and I. Dichev. 1997. Earnings management to avoid earnings decreases and losses. Journal of Accounting and Economics 24 (1): 99-126.
    • (1997) Journal of Accounting and Economics , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 99-126
    • Burgstahler, D.1    Dichev, I.2
  • 9
    • 0000108966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Financial accounting information and corporate governance
    • Bushman, R., and A. Smith. 2001. Financial accounting information and corporate governance. Journal of Accounting and Economics 32 (1-3): 237-333.
    • (2001) Journal of Accounting and Economics , vol.32 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 237-333
    • Bushman, R.1    Smith, A.2
  • 10
    • 73349144147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Business Roundtable. 2002. Principles of Corporate Governance. (May). Washington, D.C.: Business Roundtable.
    • Business Roundtable. 2002. Principles of Corporate Governance. (May). Washington, D.C.: Business Roundtable.
  • 11
    • 0000106797 scopus 로고
    • Do outside directors monitor managers? Evidence from tender offer bids
    • Byrd, J., and K. Hickman. 1992. Do outside directors monitor managers? Evidence from tender offer bids. Journal of Financial Economics 32 (2): 195-207.
    • (1992) Journal of Financial Economics , vol.32 , Issue.2 , pp. 195-207
    • Byrd, J.1    Hickman, K.2
  • 12
  • 13
    • 18944390386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equity incentives and earnings management
    • Cheng, Q., and T. Warfield. 2005. Equity incentives and earnings management. The Accounting Review 80 (2): 441-476.
    • (2005) The Accounting Review , vol.80 , Issue.2 , pp. 441-476
    • Cheng, Q.1    Warfield, T.2
  • 14
    • 73349134867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Special purpose entities in a post-Enron world
    • Clauss, P., and M. Reed. 2003. Special purpose entities in a post-Enron world. ABA Bank Compliance 24 (7): 36.
    • (2003) ABA Bank Compliance , vol.24 , Issue.7 , pp. 36
    • Clauss, P.1    Reed, M.2
  • 15
    • 73349091418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Buyer beware of off-the-books funding
    • Coallier, D. 2002. Buyer beware of off-the-books funding. Mergers and Acquisitions 37 (10): 29-34.
    • (2002) Mergers and Acquisitions , vol.37 , Issue.10 , pp. 29-34
    • Coallier, D.1
  • 16
    • 0001245231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of equity grants to manage optimal equity incentive levels
    • Core, J., and W. Guay. 1999. The use of equity grants to manage optimal equity incentive levels. Journal of Accounting and Economics 28 (2): 151-184.
    • (1999) Journal of Accounting and Economics , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 151-184
    • Core, J.1    Guay, W.2
  • 17
    • 0242511198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Price versus non-price performance measures in optimal CEO compensation contracts
    • -, -, and R. Verrecchia. 2003. Price versus non-price performance measures in optimal CEO compensation contracts. The Accounting Review 78 (4): 957-981.
    • (2003) The Accounting Review , vol.78 , Issue.4 , pp. 957-981
    • Core, J.1    Guay, W.2    Verrecchia, R.3
  • 18
    • 33749345494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expectations management and beatable targets: How do analysts react to explicit earnings guidance?
    • Cotter, J., I. Tuna, and R Wysocki. 2006. Expectations management and beatable targets: How do analysts react to explicit earnings guidance? Contemporary Accounting Research 23 (3): 593-624.
    • (2006) Contemporary Accounting Research , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 593-624
    • Cotter, J.1    Tuna, I.2    Wysocki, R.3
  • 19
    • 33751571014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Questioning the books: Retailers may face heightened scrutiny over use of special purpose entities
    • March 29
    • Covert, J. 2002. Questioning the books: Retailers may face heightened scrutiny over use of "special purpose entities." Wall Street Journal (March 29).
    • (2002) Wall Street Journal
    • Covert, J.1
  • 20
    • 73349103644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Footnote factor looms large this year - As annual reports arrive, tricks are used to find any Enron-like items
    • April 8
    • Cowan, L., and K. Talley. 2002. "Footnote factor" looms large this year - As annual reports arrive, tricks are used to find any Enron-like items. Wall Street Journal (April 8).
    • (2002) Wall Street Journal
    • Cowan, L.1    Talley, K.2
  • 21
    • 43949157969 scopus 로고
    • Accounting earnings and cash flows as measures of firm performance: The role of accounting accruals
    • Dechow, P. 1994. Accounting earnings and cash flows as measures of firm performance: The role of accounting accruals. Journal of Accounting and Economics 18 (1): 3 - 42.
    • (1994) Journal of Accounting and Economics , vol.18 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-42
    • Dechow, P.1
  • 22
    • 2142720242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes and consequences of earnings manipulation: An analysis of firms subject to enforcement actions by the SEC
    • -, R. Sloan, and A. Sweeney. 1996. Causes and consequences of earnings manipulation: An analysis of firms subject to enforcement actions by the SEC. Contemporary Accounting Research 13 (1): 1-36.
    • (1996) Contemporary Accounting Research , vol.13 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-36
    • Dechow, P.1    Sloan, R.2    Sweeney, A.3
  • 23
    • 0000549673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earnings management: Reconciling the views of accounting academics, practitioners, and regulators
    • -, and D. Skinner. 2000. Earnings management: Reconciling the views of accounting academics, practitioners, and regulators. Accounting Horizons 14 (2): 235-250.
    • (2000) Accounting Horizons , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 235-250
    • Dechow, P.1    Sloan, R.2    Sweeney, A.3    Skinner, D.4
  • 29
    • 84890905046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Financial engineering with special purpose entities
    • Chicago, IL: CCH, Inc
    • Dharan, B. 2002. Financial engineering with special purpose entities. In Enron and Beyond. Chicago, IL: CCH, Inc.
    • (2002) Enron and Beyond
    • Dharan, B.1
  • 30
    • 0036026432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large-sample evidence on the debt covenant hypothesis
    • Dichev, I., and D. Skinner. 2002. Large-sample evidence on the debt covenant hypothesis. Journal of Accounting Research 40 (4): 1091-1123.
    • (2002) Journal of Accounting Research , vol.40 , Issue.4 , pp. 1091-1123
    • Dichev, I.1    Skinner, D.2
  • 31
    • 84877592360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Friendly landlord: Wal-Mart cuts taxes by paying rent to itself - Other retailers, banks use loophole in rules to lower states' levies
    • February 1, A1
    • Drucker, J. 2007. Friendly landlord: Wal-Mart cuts taxes by paying rent to itself - Other retailers, banks use loophole in rules to lower states' levies. Wall Street Journal (February 1): A1.
    • (2007) Wall Street Journal
    • Drucker, J.1
  • 32
    • 0002125048 scopus 로고
    • An empirical examination of debt covenant restrictions and accounting-related debt proxies
    • Duke, J., and H. Hunt. 1990. An empirical examination of debt covenant restrictions and accounting-related debt proxies. Journal of Accounting and Economics 12 (1-3): 45-63.
    • (1990) Journal of Accounting and Economics , vol.12 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 45-63
    • Duke, J.1    Hunt, H.2
  • 33
    • 23944509011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earnings management? The shapes of the frequency distributions of earnings metrics are not evidence ipso facto
    • Durtschi, C., and P. Easton. 2005. Earnings management? The shapes of the frequency distributions of earnings metrics are not evidence ipso facto. Journal of Accounting Research 43 (4): 557-592.
    • (2005) Journal of Accounting Research , vol.43 , Issue.4 , pp. 557-592
    • Durtschi, C.1    Easton, P.2
  • 34
    • 73349089198 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Murky waters: A primer on the Enron partnerships
    • January 21
    • Emshwiller, J., and R. Smith. 2002. Murky waters: A primer on the Enron partnerships. Wall Street Journal (January 21).
    • (2002) Wall Street Journal
    • Emshwiller, J.1    Smith, R.2
  • 36
    • 0040805996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forecasting profitability and earnings
    • -, and -. 2000. Forecasting profitability and earnings. Journal of Business 73 (2): 161-175.
    • (2000) Journal of Business , vol.73 , Issue.2 , pp. 161-175
    • Fama, E.1    French, K.2
  • 39
    • 73349095224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guarantor's Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others
    • Norwalk, CT: FASB
    • - 2002. Guarantor's Accounting and Disclosure Requirements for Guarantees, Including Indirect Guarantees of Indebtedness of Others. FASB Interpretation No. 45. Norwalk, CT: FASB.
    • (2002) FASB Interpretation , Issue.45
  • 40
    • 73349129222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • -, 2003. Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities - An Interpretation of ARB No. 51. FASB Interpretation No. 46. (January, revised in December as FIN 46R). Norwalk, CT: FASB.
    • -, 2003. Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities - An Interpretation of ARB No. 51. FASB Interpretation No. 46. (January, revised in December as FIN 46R). Norwalk, CT: FASB.
  • 42
    • 27744577270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do limited liability companies explain declining state corporate tax revenues?
    • Fox, W., and L. Luna. 2005. Do limited liability companies explain declining state corporate tax revenues? Public Finance Review 33 (6): 690-720.
    • (2005) Public Finance Review , vol.33 , Issue.6 , pp. 690-720
    • Fox, W.1    Luna, L.2
  • 43
  • 44
    • 0000960258 scopus 로고
    • Book rate-of-return and prediction of earnings changes: An empirical investigation
    • Freeman, R., J. Ohlson, and S. Penman. 1982. Book rate-of-return and prediction of earnings changes: An empirical investigation. Journal of Accounting Research 20 (2): 639-653.
    • (1982) Journal of Accounting Research , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 639-653
    • Freeman, R.1    Ohlson, J.2    Penman, S.3
  • 45
    • 73349116764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Goldin, H. J. 2003. Report of Harrison J. Goldin, the court-appointed examiner in the Enron North America Corp. bankruptcy proceeding, respecting his investigation of the role of certain entities in transactions pertaining to special purpose entities. In re: Enron Corp., et al., Debtors (November 14). Available at: http://www.enron.com/corp/por/pdfs/SPEReport11142003.pdf.
    • Goldin, H. J. 2003. Report of Harrison J. Goldin, the court-appointed examiner in the Enron North America Corp. bankruptcy proceeding, respecting his investigation of the role of certain entities in transactions pertaining to special purpose entities. In re: Enron Corp., et al., Debtors (November 14). Available at: http://www.enron.com/corp/por/pdfs/SPEReport11142003.pdf.
  • 47
    • 0030269260 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proxies for the corporate marginal tax rate
    • Graham, J. 1996. Proxies for the corporate marginal tax rate. Journal of Financial Economics 42 (2): 187-221.
    • (1996) Journal of Financial Economics , vol.42 , Issue.2 , pp. 187-221
    • Graham, J.1
  • 48
    • 0004296209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New York, NY: Macmillan Publishing Co
    • Greene, W. 2003. Econometric Analysis. New York, NY: Macmillan Publishing Co.
    • (2003) Econometric Analysis
    • Greene, W.1
  • 49
    • 0036186989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corporate multistate tax planning: Benefits of multiple jurisdictions
    • Gupta, S., and L. Mills. 2002. Corporate multistate tax planning: Benefits of multiple jurisdictions. Journal of Accounting and Economics 33 (2): 117-139.
    • (2002) Journal of Accounting and Economics , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 117-139
    • Gupta, S.1    Mills, L.2
  • 51
    • 3042790964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolving accounting standards for special purpose entities and consolidations
    • Hartgraves, A., and G. Benston. 2002. The evolving accounting standards for special purpose entities and consolidations. Accounting Horizons 16 (3): 245-258.
    • (2002) Accounting Horizons , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 245-258
    • Hartgraves, A.1    Benston, G.2
  • 52
    • 58149210589 scopus 로고
    • The information content of losses
    • Hayn, C. 1995. The information content of losses. Journal of Accounting and Economics 20 (2): 125-153.
    • (1995) Journal of Accounting and Economics , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 125-153
    • Hayn, C.1
  • 53
    • 46549101724 scopus 로고
    • The effect of bonus schemes on accounting decisions
    • Healy, P. 1985. The effect of bonus schemes on accounting decisions. Journal of Accounting and Economics 7 (1-3): 85-107.
    • (1985) Journal of Accounting and Economics , vol.7 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 85-107
    • Healy, P.1
  • 54
    • 1942536567 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What is the value of recourse to asset backed securities? A clinical study of credit card banks
    • Higgins, E., and J. Mason. 2004. What is the value of recourse to asset backed securities? A clinical study of credit card banks. Journal of Banking & Finance 28 (4): 875-899.
    • (2004) Journal of Banking & Finance , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 875-899
    • Higgins, E.1    Mason, J.2
  • 55
    • 73349123646 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The synthetic lease: Off-balance sheet financing of the acquisition of real property
    • Hodge, J. 1998. The synthetic lease: Off-balance sheet financing of the acquisition of real property. California Real Property Journal 16: 2.
    • (1998) California Real Property Journal , vol.16 , pp. 2
    • Hodge, J.1
  • 56
    • 0031287876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The choice of performance measures in annual bonus contracts
    • Ittner, C., D. Larcker, and M. Rajan. 1997. The choice of performance measures in annual bonus contracts. The Accounting Review 72 (2): 231-255.
    • (1997) The Accounting Review , vol.72 , Issue.2 , pp. 231-255
    • Ittner, C.1    Larcker, D.2    Rajan, M.3
  • 57
    • 73349103951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint Committee on Taxation. 2003. Report of Investigation of Enron Corporation and Related Entities Regarding Federal Tax and Compensation Issues, and Policy Recommendations. I (February). Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
    • Joint Committee on Taxation. 2003. Report of Investigation of Enron Corporation and Related Entities Regarding Federal Tax and Compensation Issues, and Policy Recommendations. Volume I (February). Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office.
  • 58
    • 0000862461 scopus 로고
    • Earnings management during import relief investigations
    • Jones, J. 1991. Earnings management during import relief investigations. Journal of Accounting Research 29 (2): 193-228.
    • (1991) Journal of Accounting Research , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 193-228
    • Jones, J.1
  • 60
    • 0006178745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Firm performance and board committee structure
    • Klein, A. 1998. Firm performance and board committee structure. The Journal of Law & Economics 41 (1): 275-303.
    • (1998) The Journal of Law & Economics , vol.41 , Issue.1 , pp. 275-303
    • Klein, A.1
  • 62
    • 34548289334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corporate governance, accounting outcomes, and organizational performance
    • Larcker, D., S. Richardson, and I. Tuna. 2007. Corporate governance, accounting outcomes, and organizational performance. The Accounting Review 82 (4): 963-1008.
    • (2007) The Accounting Review , vol.82 , Issue.4 , pp. 963-1008
    • Larcker, D.1    Richardson, S.2    Tuna, I.3
  • 63
    • 33746882135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymmetric sensitivity of CEO cash compensation to stock returns
    • Leone, A., J. Wu, and J. Zimmerman. 2006. Asymmetric sensitivity of CEO cash compensation to stock returns. Journal of Accounting and Economics 42 (1/2): 167-192.
    • (2006) Journal of Accounting and Economics , vol.42 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 167-192
    • Leone, A.1    Wu, J.2    Zimmerman, J.3
  • 64
    • 0042012826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earnings management and investor protection: An international comparison
    • Leuz, C., D. Nanda, and P. Wysocki. 2003. Earnings management and investor protection: An international comparison. Journal of Financial Economics 69: 505-527.
    • (2003) Journal of Financial Economics , vol.69 , pp. 505-527
    • Leuz, C.1    Nanda, D.2    Wysocki, P.3
  • 65
    • 21144476214 scopus 로고
    • A modest proposal for improved corporate governance
    • Lipton, M., and J. Lorsch. 1992. A modest proposal for improved corporate governance. Business Lawyer 48(1): 59-77.
    • (1992) Business Lawyer , vol.48 , Issue.1 , pp. 59-77
    • Lipton, M.1    Lorsch, J.2
  • 67
    • 0035995637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management's incentives to avoid negative earnings surprises
    • Matsumoto, D. 2002. Management's incentives to avoid negative earnings surprises. The Accounting Review 11 (3): 483-514.
    • (2002) The Accounting Review , vol.11 , Issue.3 , pp. 483-514
    • Matsumoto, D.1
  • 68
    • 0035598330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of missing a quarterly earnings benchmark on the CEO's annual bonus
    • Matsunaga, S., and C. Park. 2001. The effect of missing a quarterly earnings benchmark on the CEO's annual bonus. The Accounting Review 76 (3): 313-332.
    • (2001) The Accounting Review , vol.76 , Issue.3 , pp. 313-332
    • Matsunaga, S.1    Park, C.2
  • 69
    • 18144414693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Firms' off-balance sheet financing and hybrid debt financing: Evidence from their book-tax reporting differences
    • Mills, L., and K. Newberry. 2005. Firms' off-balance sheet financing and hybrid debt financing: Evidence from their book-tax reporting differences. Journal of Accounting Research 43 (2): 251-282.
    • (2005) Journal of Accounting Research , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 251-282
    • Mills, L.1    Newberry, K.2
  • 70
    • 0000778475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance standards in incentive contracts
    • Murphy, K. 2000. Performance standards in incentive contracts. Journal of Accounting and Economics 30 (3): 245-278.
    • (2000) Journal of Accounting and Economics , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 245-278
    • Murphy, K.1
  • 71
    • 0001618889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ratio analysis and equity valuation: From research to practice
    • Nissim, D., and S. Penman. 2001. Ratio analysis and equity valuation: From research to practice. Review of Accounting Studies 6 (1): 109-154.
    • (2001) Review of Accounting Studies , vol.6 , Issue.1 , pp. 109-154
    • Nissim, D.1    Penman, S.2
  • 72
    • 84970160467 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of accounting rate-of-return
    • Penman, S. 1991. An evaluation of accounting rate-of-return. Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance 6 (2): 233-255.
    • (1991) Journal of Accounting, Auditing & Finance , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 233-255
    • Penman, S.1
  • 74
    • 39149122319 scopus 로고
    • Accounting-based constraints in public and private debt agreements: Their association with leverage and importance in accounting choice
    • Press, E., and J. Weintrop. 1990. Accounting-based constraints in public and private debt agreements: Their association with leverage and importance in accounting choice. Journal of Accounting and Economics 12 (1-3): 65-95.
    • (1990) Journal of Accounting and Economics , vol.12 , Issue.1-3 , pp. 65-95
    • Press, E.1    Weintrop, J.2
  • 75
    • 73349133568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). 2002. Accounting and auditing enforcement release no. 1597, in the matter of The PNC Financial Services Group, Inc., respondent. (July 18). Available at: http://www.sec.gov/litigation/admin/ 33-8112.htm.
    • Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). 2002. Accounting and auditing enforcement release no. 1597, in the matter of The PNC Financial Services Group, Inc., respondent. (July 18). Available at: http://www.sec.gov/litigation/admin/ 33-8112.htm.
  • 77
    • 84868056022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • -, 2004b. American International Group, Inc. agrees to pay $126 million to settle fraud charges arising out of its offer and sale of an earnings management product. (Press release 2004-163, November 30). Available at: http://www.sec.gov/news/press/2004-163.htm.
    • -, 2004b. American International Group, Inc. agrees to pay $126 million to settle fraud charges arising out of its offer and sale of an earnings management product. (Press release 2004-163, November 30). Available at: http://www.sec.gov/news/press/2004-163.htm.
  • 78
    • 73349134498 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • -, 2005. Report and recommendations pursuant to section 401(c) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 on arrangements with off-balance sheet implications, special purpose entities, and transparency of filings by issuers. (June 15). Available at: http://www.sec.gov/news/studies/soxoffbalancerpt.pdf.
    • -, 2005. Report and recommendations pursuant to section 401(c) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 on arrangements with off-balance sheet implications, special purpose entities, and transparency of filings by issuers. (June 15). Available at: http://www.sec.gov/news/studies/soxoffbalancerpt.pdf.
  • 79
    • 0000587842 scopus 로고
    • Taxes and off-balance-sheet financing: Research and development limited partnerships
    • Shevlin, T. 1987. Taxes and off-balance-sheet financing: Research and development limited partnerships. The Accounting Review 62 (3): 480-509.
    • (1987) The Accounting Review , vol.62 , Issue.3 , pp. 480-509
    • Shevlin, T.1
  • 80
    • 67651212941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accounting for special purpose entities revised: FASB Interpretation 46(R)
    • July, Available at
    • Soroosh, J., and J. Ciesielski. 2004. Accounting for special purpose entities revised: FASB Interpretation 46(R). The CPA Journal (July). Available at: http://www.nysscpa.org/cpajournal/2004/704/essentials/p30.htm.
    • (2004) The CPA Journal
    • Soroosh, J.1    Ciesielski, J.2
  • 81
    • 0000545801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earnings management and the underperformance of seasoned equity offerings
    • Teoh, S., I. Welch, and T. Wong. 1998. Earnings management and the underperformance of seasoned equity offerings. Journal of Financial Economics 50 (1): 63-99.
    • (1998) Journal of Financial Economics , vol.50 , Issue.1 , pp. 63-99
    • Teoh, S.1    Welch, I.2    Wong, T.3
  • 82
    • 54649085068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are accruals during an initial public offering opportunistic?
    • -, -, and G. Rao. 1998. Are accruals during an initial public offering opportunistic? Review of Accounting Studies 3 (1-2): 175-208.
    • (1998) Review of Accounting Studies , vol.3 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 175-208
    • Teoh, S.1    Welch, I.2    Wong, T.3    Rao, G.4
  • 83
    • 0000175291 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of relationships for limited dependent variables
    • Tobin, J. 1958. Estimation of relationships for limited dependent variables. Econometrica 26 (1): 24-36.
    • (1958) Econometrica , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 24-36
    • Tobin, J.1
  • 84
    • 28444463227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthetic leases: Structured finance, financial accounting and tax ownership
    • Weidner, D. 2000. Synthetic leases: Structured finance, financial accounting and tax ownership. The Journal of Corporation Law 25 (3): 445-487.
    • (2000) The Journal of Corporation Law , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 445-487
    • Weidner, D.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.