Integrated quantum photonics

IEEE Journal on Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics

Volumn 15, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 1673-1684

  Politi, Alberto ^a   Matthews, Jonathan C F ^a   Thompson, Mark G ^a,b   O'Brien, Jeremy L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^b TOSHIBA CORPORATION   (Japan)

Author keywords

Photonics; Quantum optics; Waveguides

Indexed keywords

CONTROLLED PHASE SHIFT; FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENT; HIGH QUALITY; HIGH-PERFORMANCE PLATFORMS; INTEGRATED WAVEGUIDES; LINEAR OPTICAL; NON-CLASSICAL INTERFERENCE; ON CHIPS; OPTICAL CIRCUITS; QUANTUM ARCHITECTURE; QUANTUM CIRCUIT; QUANTUM MECHANICAL; QUANTUM METROLOGY; QUANTUM PHYSICS; QUANTUM STATE PREPARATION; QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES; SINGLE PHOTONS; SINGLE-PHOTON LEVEL; TWO PHOTON;

LIGHT; PHOTONS; QUANTUM OPTICS; WAVEGUIDES;

QUANTUM THEORY;

EID: 72149097082     PISSN: 1077260X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2009.2026060     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. A. Politi, M. J. Cryan, J. G. Rarity, S. Yu, and J. L. O'Brien, "Silicaon- silicon waveguide quantum circuits," Science, vol.320, pp. 646-649, 2008.
2. J. C. F. Matthews, A. Politi, A. Stefanov, and J. L. O'Brien, "Manipulation of multiphoton entanglement in waveguide quantum circuits," Nat. Photon., vol.3, pp. 346-350, 2009.
3. J. J. Sakurai, Modern Quantum Mechanics, 2nd ed. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1994.
4. M. A. Nielsen and I. L. Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2000.
5. P. Shor, "Algorithms for quantum computation: discrete logarithms andfactoring," in Proc. 35th Annu. Symp. Found. Comput. Sci., Nov., 1994, pp. 124-134.
6. D. P. DiVincenzo and D. Loss, "Quantum information is physical," Superlatt. Microstruc., vol.23, pp. 419-432, 1998.
7. U.S. Advanced Research and Development Activity (ARDA). Quantum Computation Roadmap for current state- of-the-art. (2004). [Online]. Available: http://qist.lanl.gov/qcomp-map.shtml
8. J. L. O'Brien, "Optical quantum computing," Science, vol.318, no.5856, pp. 1567-1570, 2007.
9. E. Knill, R. Laflamme, and G. J. Milburn, "A scheme for efficient quantum computation with linear optics," Nature, vol.409, pp. 46-52, 2001.
10. N. Gisin, G. Ribordy,W. Tittel, andH. Zbinden, "Quantum cryptography," Rev. Mod. Phys., vol.74, pp. 145-195, 2002.
11. See the recent demonstration of the SECOQC network in Vienna. (2008). [Online]. Available: www.secoqc.net
12. V. Giovannetti, S. Lloyd, and L. Maccone, "Quantum-enhanced measurements: Beating the standard quantum limit," Science, vol.306, pp. 1330- 1336, 2004.
13. M. W. Mitchell, J. S. Lundeen, and A. M. Steinberg, "Super-resolving phase measurements with a multiphoton entangled state," Nature, vol.429, no.6988, pp. 161-164, 2004.
14. P. Walther, J.-W. Pan, M. Aspelmeyer, R. Ursin, S. Gasparoni, and A. Zeilinger, "De Broglie wavelength of a non-local four-photon state," Nature, vol.429, no.6988, pp. 158-161, 2004.
15. T. Nagata, R. Okamoto, J. L. O'Brien, K. Sasaki, and S. Takeuchi, "Beating the standard quantum limit with four-entangled photons," Science, vol.316, no.5825, pp. 726-729, 2007. (Pubitemid 46717676)
16. B. L. Higgins, D. W. Berry, S. D. Bartlett, H. M. Wiseman, and G. J. Pryde, "Entanglement-free Heisenberg-limited phase estimation," Nature, vol.450, pp. 393-397, 2007.
17. A. N. Boto, P. Kok, D. S. Abrams, S. L. Braunstein, C. P. Williams, and J. P. Dowling, "Quantum interferometric optical lithography: Exploiting entanglement to beat the diffraction limit," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol.85, no.13, pp. 2733-2736, Sep. 2000.
18. Y. Kawabe, H. Fujiwara, R. Okamoto, K. Sasaki, and S. Takeuchi, "Quantum interference fringes beating the diffraction limit," Opt. Exp., vol.15, pp. 14244-14250, 2007. (Pubitemid 47608634)
19. J. L. O'Brien, G. J. Pryde, A. G. White, T. C. Ralph, and D. Branning, "Demonstration of an all-optical quantum controlled-NOT gate," Nature, vol.426, no.6964, pp. 264-267, 2003.
20. A. Einstein, B. Podolsky, and N. Rosen, "Can quantum-mechanical description of physical reality be considered complete?," Phys. Rev., vol.47, pp. 777-780, 1935.
21. J. Bell, "On the Einstein Podolsky Rosen paradox," Physics, vol.1, pp. 195-200, 1964.
22. A. Aspect, P. Grangier, and G. Roger, "Experimental realization of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Bohm gedankenexperiment: A new violation of Bell's inequalities," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol.49, no.2, pp. 91-94, Jul. 1982.
23. A. Aspect, J. Dalibard, andG.Ǵerard, "Experimental test ofBell's inequalities using time- varying analyzers," Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.49, pp. 1804- 1807, 1982.
24. G. Whihs, T. Jennewein, C. Simon, H. Weinfurter, and A. Zeilinger, "Violations of Bell's inequality under strict Einstein locality conditions," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol.81, pp. 5039-5043, 1998.
25. M. A. Rowe, D. Kielpinski, V. Meyer, C. A. Sackett,W. M. Itano, C. Monroe, andD. J.Wineland, "Experimental violation of a Bell's inequality with efficient detection," Nature, vol.409, pp. 791-794, 2001.
26. D. Bouwmeester, J.-W. Pan, K. Mattle, M. Eibl, H. Weinfurter, and A. Zeilinger, "Experimental quantum teleportation," Nature, vol.390, pp. 575-579, 1997.
27. D. Boschi, S. Branca, F. De Martini, L. Hardy, and S. Popescu, "Experimental realization of teleporting an unknown pure quantum state via dual classical and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen channels," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol.80, no.6, pp. 1121-1125, Feb. 1998.
28. K. Mattle, H. Weinfurter, P. G. Kwiat, and A. Zeilinger, "Dense coding in experimental quantum communication," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol.76, pp. 4656-4659, 1996. (Pubitemid 126640424)
29. P. Walther, K. J. Resch, T. Rudolph, E. Schenck, H. Weinfurter, V. Vedral, M. Aspelmeyer, and A. Zeilinger, "Experimental one-way quantum computing," Nature, vol.434, no.7030, pp. 169-176, 2005.
30. C.-Y. Lu, X.-Q. Zhou, O. G̈uhne,W.-B. Gao, J. Zhang, Z.-S. Yuan, A. Gobel, T. Yang, and W.-J. Pan, "Experimental entanglement of six photons in graph states," Nat. Phys., vol.3, pp. 91-95, 2007.
31. K. Kato,M. Ishii, andY. Inoue, "Packaging of large-scale planar lightwave circuits," IEEE Trans. Compon. Packag.Manuf. Technol. B: Adv. Packag., vol.21, no.2, pp. 121-129, May 1998. (Pubitemid 128763122)
32. M. Kawachi, "Silica waveguides on silicon and their application to integrated-optic components," Opt. Quantum Electron., vol.22, no.5, pp. 391-416, Sep. 1990.
33. T. Honjo, K. Inoue, and H. Takahashi, "Differential-phase-shift quantum key distribution experiment with aplanar light-wave circuit mach-zehnder interferometer," Opt. Lett., vol.29, no.23, pp. 2797-2799, 2004.
34. H. Takesue and K. Inoue, "Generation of 1.5-ìm band time-bin entanglement using spontaneous fiber four-wave mixing and planar light-wave circuit interferometers," Phys. Rev. A, vol.72, no.4, pp. 041804-1- 041804-4, Oct. 2005.
35. C. K. Hong, Z. Y. Ou, and L. Mandel, "Measurement of subpicosecond time intervals between two photons by interference," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol.59, pp. 2044-2046, 1987.
36. P. P. Rohde, G. J. Pryde, J. L. O'Brien, and T. C. Ralph, "Quantum-gate characterization in an extended Hilbert space," Phys. Rev. A, vol.72, no.3, pp. 032306-1-032306-5, 2005.
37. M. A. Nielsen and I. L. Chuang, Quantum Computation and Quantum Information. Cambridge, U.K., Cambridge Univ. Press, 2000, p. 506, ch. 11.
38. M. Reck, A. Zeilinger, H. J. Bernstein, and P. Bertani, "Experimental realization of any discrete unitary operator," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol.73, no.1, pp. 58-61, Jul. 1994.
39. I. Kenichi and Y. Kokubun, Encyclopedic Handbook of Integrated Optics. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2006.
40. K. J. Resch, K. L. Pregnell, R. Prevedel, A. Gilchrist, G. J. Pryde, J. L. O'Brien, and A. G. White, "Time-reversal and super-resolving phase measurements," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol.98, no.22, pp. 223601-1-223601-4, 2007.
41. R. Okamoto, H. F. Hofmann, T. Nagata, J. L. O'Brien, K. Sasaki, and S. Takeuchi, "Beating the standard quantum limit: Phase super-sensitivity of n-photon interferometers," New J. Phys., vol.10, no.7, pp. 073033-1- 073033-9, 2008.
42. H. Lee, P. Kok, and J. Dowling, "A quantum Rosetta stone for interferometry," J. Mod. Opt., vol.49, no.14-15, pp. 2325-2338, 2002.
43. O. Steuernagel, "De broglie wavelength reduction for a multiphoton wave packet," Phys. Rev. A, vol.65, no.3, pp. 033820-1-033820-4, Feb. 2002.
44. K. Sanaka, K. J. Resch, and A. Zeilinger, "Filtering out photonic Fock states," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol.96, no.8, pp. 083601-1-083601-4, 2006.
45. K. J. Resch, J. L. O'Brien, T. J. Weinhold, K. Sanaka, B. P. Lanyon, N. K. Langford, and A. G. White, "Entanglement generation by Fock-state filtration," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol.98, no.20, pp. 203602-1-203602-4, 2007.
46. T. C. Ralph, N. K. Langford, T. B. Bell, and A. G. White, "Linear optical controlled-NOT gate in the coincidence basis," Phys. Rev. A, vol.65, pp. 062324-1-062324-5, 2001.
47. H. F. Hofmann and S. Takeuchi, "Quantum phase gate for photonic qubits using only beam splitters and postselection," Phys. Rev. A, vol.66, pp. 024308-1-024308-3, 2001.
48. J. L. O'Brien, G. J. Pryde, A. Gilchrist, D. F. V. James, N. K. Langford, T. C. Ralph, andA.G.White, "Quantum process tomography of a controlled- NOT gate," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol.93, no.8, pp. 080502-1-080502-4, 2004.
49. N. K. Langford, T. J. Weinhold, R. Prevedel, K. J. Resch, A. Gilchrist, J. L. O'Brien, G. J. Pryde, and A. G. White, "Demonstration of a simple entangling optical gate and its use in Bell-state analysis," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol.95, no.21, pp. 210504-1-210504-4, 2005.
50. N. Kiesel, C. Schmid, U. Weber, R. Ursin, and H. Weinfurter, "Linear optics controlled-phase gate made simple," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol.95, no.21, p. 210505, 2005.
51. R. Okamoto, H. F. Hofmann, S. Takeuchi, and K. Sasaki, "Demonstration of an optical quantum controlled-not gate without path interference," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol.95, no.21, pp. 210506-1-210506-4, 2005.
52. G. J. Pryde, J. L. O'Brien, A. G. White, S. D. Bartlett, and T. C. Ralph, "Measuring a photonic qubit without destroying it," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol.92, pp. 190402-1-190402-4, 2004.
53. T. C. Ralph, S. D. Bartlett, J. L. O'Brien, G. J. Pryde, and H. M.Wiseman, "Quantum nondemolitionmeasurements for quantum information," Phys. Rev. A, vol.73, no.1, pp. 012113-1-012113-11, 2006.
54. T. F. Krauss andR.M.De LaRu, "Photonic crystals in the optical regime- past, present, and future," Progr. Quantum Electron., vol.23, no.2, pp. 51-96, 1999.
55. K. M. Davis, K. Miura, N. Sugimoto, and K. Hirao, "Writing waveguides in glass with a femtosecond laser," Opt. Lett., vol.21, no.21, pp. 1729- 1731, 1996.
56. R. R. Thomson, H. T. Bookey, N. D. Psaila, A. Fender, S. Campbell, W. N. MacPherson, J. S. Barton, D. T. Reid, and A. K. Kar, "Ultrafastlaser inscription of a 3-D fan-out device for multicore fiber coupling applications," Opt. Exp., vol.15, no.18, pp. 11 691-11 697, 2007.
57. G. D. Marshall, A. Politi, J. C. F. Matthews, P. Dekker, M. Ams, M. J. Withford, and J. L. O'Brien, "Laser written waveguide photonic quantum circuits," Opt. Exp., vol.17, pp. 12546-12554, 2009.
58. R. Prevedel, P. Walther, F. Tiefenbacher, P. Bohi, R. Kaltenbaek, T. Jennewein, and A. Zeilinger, "High-speed linear optics quantum computing using active feed-forward," Nature, vol.445, no.7123, pp. 65-69, 2007.
59. S. Tanzilli, W. Tittel, H. De Riedmatten, H. Zbinden, P. Baldi, M. De Micheli, D. Ostrowsky, and N. Gisin, "PPLN waveguide for quantum communication," Eur. Phys. J. D, vol.18, no.2, pp. 155-160, Feb. 2002.
60. L. Augustin, R. Hanfoug, J. Van Der Tol, W. De Laat, and M. Smit, "A compact integrated polarization splitter/converter in InGaAsP InP," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol.19, no.17, pp. 1286-1288, Sep. 2007.
61. S. J. Devitt, A. D. Greentree, R. Ionicioiu, J. L. O'Brien, W. J. Munro, and L. C. L. Hollenberg, "Photonic module: An on-demand resource for photonic entanglement," Phys. Rev. A (At., Mol., Opt. Phys.), vol.76, no.5, p. 052312, 2007.
62. T. Lund-Hansen, S. Stobbe, B. Julsgaard, H. Thyrrestrup, T. Sunner, M. Kamp, A. Forchel, and P. Lodahl, "Experimental realization of highly efficient broadband coupling of single quantum dots to a photonic crystal waveguide," Phys. Rev. Lett., vol.101, no.11, pp. 113903-1-113903-4, 2008.
63. A. D. Greentree, B. A. Fairchild, F.M. Hossain, and A. Prawer, "Diamond integrated quantum photonics," Mater. Today, vol.11, no.9, pp. 22-31, 2008.
64. K. Tsujino, M. Akiba, andM. Sasaki, "Ultralow-noise readout circuit with an avalanche photodiode: toward a photon-number-resolving detector," Appl. Opt., vol.46, no.7, pp. 1009-1014, 2007. (Pubitemid 46515993)
65. A. Divochiy, F. Marsili, D. Bitauld, A. Gaggero, R. Leoni, F. Mattioli, A. Korneev, V. Seleznev, N. Kaurova, O. Minaeva, G. Gol'tsman, K. G. Lagoudakis, M. Benkhaoul, F. Levy, and A. Fiore, "Superconducting nanowire photon-number-resolving detector at telecommunication wavelengths," Nat. Photon., vol.2, no.5, pp. 302-306, May 2008.
66. A. Narasimha, B. Analui, Y. Liang, T. Sleboda, S. Abdalla, E. Balmater, S. Gloeckner, D. Guckenberger,M. Harrison, R. Koumans, D. Kucharski, A. Mekis, S. Mirsaidi, D. Song, and T. Pinguet, "A fully integrated 4 ?10-Gb/s DWDM optoelectronic transceiver implemented in a standard 0.13 ìm CMOS SOI technology," IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol.42, no.12, pp. 2736-2744, Dec. 2007.
67. D. Welch, F. Kish, S. Melle, R. Nagarajan, M. Kato, C. Joyner, J. Pleumeekers, R. Schneider, J. Back, A. Dentai, V. Dominic, P. Evans, M. Kauffman, D. Lambert, S. Hurtt, A. Mathur, M. Mitchell, M. Missey, S. Murthy, A. Nilsson, R. Salvatore, M. Van Leeuwen, J. Webjorn, M. Ziari, S. Grubb, D. Perkins, M. Reffle, and D. Mehuys, "Large-scale InP photonic integrated circuits: Enabling efficient scaling of optical transport networks," IEEE J. Sel. Topics Quantum Electron., vol.13, no.1, pp. 22-31, Jan./Feb. 2007.