A new approach to efficiency enhancement of polymer light-emitting diodes by deposition of anode buffer layers in the presence of additives

Organic Electronics

Volumn 10, Issue 8, 2009, Pages 1562-1570

  Wu, Hongbin ^a   Zou, Jianhua ^a   An, Ding ^a   Liu, Feng ^a   Yang, Wei ^a   Peng, Junbiao ^a   Mikhailovsky, Alexander ^b   Bazan, Guillermo C ^b   Cao, Yong ^a  

^a SOUTH CHINA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (China)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Anode buffer layer; Conductivity; High efficiency; Poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS); Polymer light emitting devices (PLEDs)

Indexed keywords

ANODES; BUFFER LAYERS; CONDUCTING POLYMERS; CURRENT DENSITY; EFFICIENCY; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; OPTICAL WAVEGUIDES; PHOSPHORESCENCE; STYRENE;

ANODE BUFFER LAYERS; EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE; EXTERNAL QUANTUM EFFICIENCY; HIGH-EFFICIENCY; POLY(STYRENE SULFONATE); POLY-3 ,4-ETHYLENEDIOXYTHIOPHENE; POLYMER LIGHT EMITTING DIODE; POLYMER LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES;

ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (OLED);

EID: 71849085332     PISSN: 15661199     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.orgel.2009.09.002     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Burroughes J.H., Bradley D.D.C., Brown A.R., Marks R.N., MacKay K., Friend R.H., Burn P.L., and Holmes A.B. Nature (London) 347 (1990) 539
2. Su S., Chiba T., Takeda T., and Kido J. Adv. Mater. 20 (2008) 2125
3. He G.F., Pfeiffer M., Leo K., Hofmann M., Birnstock J., Pudzich R., and Salbeck J. Appl. Phys. Lett. 85 (2004) 3911
4. Adachi C., Baldo M.A., Forrest S.R., and Thompson M.E. Appl. Phys. Lett. 77 (2000) 904
5. Tao Y.T., Wang Q., Yang C.L., Wang Q., Zhang Z.Q., Zou T.T., Qin J.G., and Ma D.G. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 47 (2008) 8104
6. Wu H., Huang F., Mo Y., Yang W., Wang D., Peng J., and Cao Y. Adv. Mater. 16 (2004) 1826
7. In: Salaneck W.R., Seki K., Kahn A., and Pireaux J.J. (Eds). Conjugated Polymer and Molecular Interfaces: Science and Technology for Photonic and Optoelectronic Applications (2001), Marcel Dekker, New York
8. Cao Y., Yu G., Zhang C., Menon R., and Heeger A.J. Synth. Met. 87 (1997) 171
9. Groenendaal L.B., Jonas F., Freitag D., Pielartzik H., and Reynolds J.R. Adv. Mater. 12 (2000) 481
10. Kirchmeyer S., and Reuter K. J. Mater. Chem. 15 (2005) 2077
11. Brown T.M., Kim J.S., Friend R.H., Cacialli F., Daik R., and Feast W.J. Appl. Phys. Lett. 75 (1999) 1680
12. Shi W., Fan S.Q., Huang F., Yang W., Liu R.S., and Cao Y. J. Mater. Chem. 16 (2006) 2387
13. Ghosh S., Rasmusson J., and Inganäs O. Adv. Mater. 10 (1998) 1097
14. Jonsson S.K.M., Birgerson J., Crispin X., Greczynski G., Osikowicz W., Denier van der Gon A.W., Salaneck W.R., and Fahlman M. Synth. Met. 139 (2003) 1
15. Ouyang J., Chu C.W., Chen F.C., Xu Q.F., and Yang Y. Adv. Funct. Mater. 15 (2005) 203
16. Ouyang J., Xu Q., Chu C.W., Yang Y., Li G., and Shinar J. Polymer 45 (2004) 8443
17. Levermore P.A., Chen L., Wang X., Das R., and Bradley D.D.C. Adv. Mater. 19 (2007) 2379
18. Fehse K., Walzer K., Leo K., Lövenich W., and Elschner A. Adv. Mater. 19 (2007) 441
19. .
20. Baldo M.A., O'Brien D.F., You Y., Shoustikov A., Sibley S., Thompson M.E., and Forrest S.R. Nature 395 (1998) 151
21. Campbell A.J., Bradley D.D.C., and Antoniadis H. J. Appl. Phys. 89 (2001) 3343
22. Konezny S.J., Smith D.L., Galvin M.E., and Rothberg L.J. J. Appl. Phys. 99 (2006) 064509
23. Lamper M.A., and Mark P. Current Injection in Solids (1970), Academic, New York
24. Sze S.M. Physics of Semiconductor Devices. second ed. (1981), John Wiley & Sons, New York
25. Zhang F., Johansson M., Andersson M.R., Hummelen J.C., and Inganäs O. Adv. Mater. 14 (2002) 662
26. Kim J.Y., Jung J.H., Lee D.E., and Joo J. Synth. Met. 126 (2002) 311
27. Kim W.H., Ma kinen A.J., Nikolov N., Shashidhar R., Kim H., and Kafafi Z.H. Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 (2002) 3844
28. Crispin X., Marciniak S., Osikowicz W., Zotti G., Denier Van Der Gon A.W., Louwet F., Fahlman M., Groenendaal L., Schryver F.D.E., and Salaneck W.R. J. Polym. Sci. B: Polym. Phys. 41 (2003) 2561
29. Zotti G., Zecchin S., Schlavon G., Louwet F., Groenendaal L., Crispin X., Osikowicz W., Salaneck W., and Fahlman M. Macromolecules 36 (2003) 3337
30. de Kok M.M., Buechel M., Vulto S.I.E., van de Weijer P., Meulenkamp E.A., de Winter S.H.P.M., Mank A.J.G., Vorstenbosch H.J.M., Weijtens C.H.L., and van Elsbergen V. Phys. Stat. Sol. (a) 201 (2004) 1342
31. Huang J., Miller P.F., Wilson J.S., de Mello A.J., de Mello J.C., and Bradley D.D.C. Adv. Funct. Mater. 15 (2005) 290
32. Timpanaro S., Kemerink M., Touwslager F.J., De Kok M.M., and Schrader S. Chem. Phys. Lett. 394 (2004) 339
33. Snaith H.J., Kenrick H., Chiesa M., and Friend R.H. Polymer 46 (2005) 2573
34. Crispin X., Jakobsson F.L.E., Crispin A., Grim P.C.M., Andersson P., Volodin A., van Haesendonck C., Van der Auweraer M., Salaneck W.R., and Berggren M. Chem. Mater. 18 (2006) 4354
35. Nardes A.M., Janssen R.A.J., and Kemerink M. Adv. Funct. Mater. 18 (2008) 865
36. Greczynski G., Kugler Th., and Salaneck W.R. Thin Solid films 354 (1999) 129
37. Nardes A.M., Kemerink M., Janssen R.A.J., Bastiaansen J.A.M., Kiggen N.M.M., Langeveld B.M.W., van Breemen A.J.J.M., and de Kok M.M. Adv. Mater. 19 (2007) 1196
38. Aasmucndtveit K.E., Samuelsen E.J., Petterson L.A.A., Inganas O., Johnsson T., and Feidenhans'I R. Synth. Met. 101 (1999) 561
39. Ionescu-Zanetti C., Mechler A., Carter S.A., and Lal R. Adv. Mater. 16 (2004) 385
40. Donley C.L., Zaumseil J., Andreasen J.W., Nielsen M.M., Sirringhaus H., Friend R.H., and Kim J.-S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127 (2005) 12890