메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 81, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 12-21

Alzheimer's disease: Visual system review

Author keywords

Aging; Alzheimer's disease; Amyloid; Cognition; Neurodegeneration; Optic nerve; Retina; Vision

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID;

EID: 71149116769     PISSN: 15291839     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.optm.2009.04.101     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (47)

References (128)
  • 1
    • 0042023711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alzheimer's disease in the us population: prevalence estimates using the 2000 census
    • Hebert L., Scherr P., Bieniasm J., et al. Alzheimer's disease in the us population: prevalence estimates using the 2000 census. Arch Neurol 60 (2003) 1119-1122
    • (2003) Arch Neurol , vol.60 , pp. 1119-1122
    • Hebert, L.1    Scherr, P.2    Bieniasm, J.3
  • 2
    • 71149096916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CDC. US deaths down sharply in 2006. In: Statistics NCH ed. Washington DC: Department of Health and Human Services, 2008. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/2008/r080611.htm.
    • CDC. US deaths down sharply in 2006. In: Statistics NCH ed. Washington DC: Department of Health and Human Services, 2008. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/media/pressrel/2008/r080611.htm.
  • 3
    • 35548940796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comprehensive statistical abstract of U.S. data on Alzheimer's disease. Available at:, Last accessed October 2009
    • Alzhiemer's. Alzheimer's disease facts and figures (2008) Comprehensive statistical abstract of U.S. data on Alzheimer's disease. Available at: http://alz.org/index.asp. Last accessed October 2009.
    • (2008) Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
    • Alzhiemer's1
  • 5
    • 33746772217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual association pathology in preclinical Alzheimer disease
    • McKee A., Au R., Cabral H., et al. Visual association pathology in preclinical Alzheimer disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 65 (2006) 621-630
    • (2006) J Neuropathol Exp Neurol , vol.65 , pp. 621-630
    • McKee, A.1    Au, R.2    Cabral, H.3
  • 6
    • 71149099895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Valenti DA. Anterior Visual System and circadian function with reference to Alzheimer's disease. In: Cronin-Golomb A, Hof PR, eds. Vision in Alzheimer's disease. Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology 2004;34:1-29.
    • Valenti DA. Anterior Visual System and circadian function with reference to Alzheimer's disease. In: Cronin-Golomb A, Hof PR, eds. Vision in Alzheimer's disease. Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology 2004;34:1-29.
  • 7
    • 0026387819 scopus 로고
    • Visual function in Alzheimer's disease and normal aging
    • Cronin-Golomb A., Rizzo J., Corkin S., et al. Visual function in Alzheimer's disease and normal aging. Ann NY Acad Sci 640 (1991) 28-35
    • (1991) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.640 , pp. 28-35
    • Cronin-Golomb, A.1    Rizzo, J.2    Corkin, S.3
  • 8
    • 63449135772 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neural basis of visuospatial perception in Alzheimer's disease and healthy elderly comparison subjects: an fMRI study
    • Thiyagesh S.N., Farrow T.F.D., Parks R.W., et al. The neural basis of visuospatial perception in Alzheimer's disease and healthy elderly comparison subjects: an fMRI study. Psychiatry Res (2009) 172
    • (2009) Psychiatry Res , pp. 172
    • Thiyagesh, S.N.1    Farrow, T.F.D.2    Parks, R.W.3
  • 9
    • 44949241420 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distinct mechanisms of impairment in cognitive ageing and Alzheimer's disease
    • Mapstone M., Dickerson K., and Duffy C.J. Distinct mechanisms of impairment in cognitive ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Brain 131 (2008) 1618-1629
    • (2008) Brain , vol.131 , pp. 1618-1629
    • Mapstone, M.1    Dickerson, K.2    Duffy, C.J.3
  • 10
    • 0028273739 scopus 로고
    • Motion perception and Alzheimer's disease
    • Gilmore G.C., Wend H.E., Naylor L., et al. Motion perception and Alzheimer's disease. J Gerontol 49 (1994) P52-P57
    • (1994) J Gerontol , vol.49
    • Gilmore, G.C.1    Wend, H.E.2    Naylor, L.3
  • 11
    • 0030297447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual field defects in Alzheimer's disease patients may reflect differential pathology in the primary visual cortex
    • Armstrong R. Visual field defects in Alzheimer's disease patients may reflect differential pathology in the primary visual cortex. Optom Vis Sci 73 (1996) 677-682
    • (1996) Optom Vis Sci , vol.73 , pp. 677-682
    • Armstrong, R.1
  • 12
    • 0028847534 scopus 로고
    • Visual field loss in senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type
    • Trick G., Trick L., Morris P., et al. Visual field loss in senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Neurology 45 (1995) 68-74
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 68-74
    • Trick, G.1    Trick, L.2    Morris, P.3
  • 13
    • 0027169642 scopus 로고
    • Incomplete achromatopsia in Alzheimer's disease
    • Cronin-Golomb A., Sugiura R., Corkin S., et al. Incomplete achromatopsia in Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging 14 (1993) 471-477
    • (1993) Neurobiol Aging , vol.14 , pp. 471-477
    • Cronin-Golomb, A.1    Sugiura, R.2    Corkin, S.3
  • 14
    • 0020042426 scopus 로고
    • Optic nerve damage in human glaucoma III: quantitative correlation of nerve fiber loss and visual field defect in glaucoma, ischemic optic neuropathy, papilledema and toxic optic neuropathy
    • Quigley H., Addicks E., and Green R. Optic nerve damage in human glaucoma III: quantitative correlation of nerve fiber loss and visual field defect in glaucoma, ischemic optic neuropathy, papilledema and toxic optic neuropathy. Arch Ophthalmol 100 (1982) 135-146
    • (1982) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.100 , pp. 135-146
    • Quigley, H.1    Addicks, E.2    Green, R.3
  • 15
    • 0032740811 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acquired colour vision defects in glaucoma-their detection and clinical significance
    • Pacheco-Cutillas M., Edgar D., and Sahriae A. Acquired colour vision defects in glaucoma-their detection and clinical significance. Br J Ophthalmol 83 (1999) 1396-1402
    • (1999) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.83 , pp. 1396-1402
    • Pacheco-Cutillas, M.1    Edgar, D.2    Sahriae, A.3
  • 17
    • 34548107399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Suprathreshold contrast matching in maculopathy
    • Mei M., and Leat S. Suprathreshold contrast matching in maculopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci (2007) 48
    • (2007) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , pp. 48
    • Mei, M.1    Leat, S.2
  • 18
    • 31044450610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring retinal function in early age-related maculopathy: visual performance after one year
    • Feigl B., Brown B., Lovie-Kitchin J., et al. Monitoring retinal function in early age-related maculopathy: visual performance after one year. Eye 2005 19 (2005) 1169-1177
    • (2005) Eye 2005 , vol.19 , pp. 1169-1177
    • Feigl, B.1    Brown, B.2    Lovie-Kitchin, J.3
  • 19
    • 34247860835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When S-cones contribute to chromatic global motion processing
    • Ruppertsberg A., Wuerger S., and Bertamini M. When S-cones contribute to chromatic global motion processing. Vis Neurosci 24 (2007) 1-8
    • (2007) Vis Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 1-8
    • Ruppertsberg, A.1    Wuerger, S.2    Bertamini, M.3
  • 20
    • 85047695248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy in patients with Alzheimer's disease
    • Bayer A., and Ferrari F. Severe progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Eye 16 (2002) 209-212
    • (2002) Eye , vol.16 , pp. 209-212
    • Bayer, A.1    Ferrari, F.2
  • 21
    • 71149108297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Foundation for the Blind, Available at:, Last accessed October 2009
    • American Foundation for the Blind. Senior Site, Glaucoma Fact Sheet. Available at: http://www.afb.org/seniorsite.asp?SectionID=63&TopicID=286&DocumentID=3198. Last accessed October 2009.
    • Senior Site, Glaucoma Fact Sheet
  • 22
    • 71149085416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Available at:, Last accessed October 2009
    • National Institutes of Health. Fact Sheet, Glaucoma. Available at: http://www.nih.gov/about/researchresultsforthepublic/glaucoma.pdf. Last accessed October 2009.
    • Fact Sheet, Glaucoma
  • 24
    • 0024740839 scopus 로고
    • Racial differences in the presentation of chronic open-angle glaucoma
    • Marshal E.C. Racial differences in the presentation of chronic open-angle glaucoma. J Am Optome Assoc 60 (1989) 760-767
    • (1989) J Am Optome Assoc , vol.60 , pp. 760-767
    • Marshal, E.C.1
  • 25
    • 3442887382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension in Latinos
    • Varma R., Ying Lai M., Francis B.A., et al. Prevalence of open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension in Latinos. Ophthalmology 111 (2004) 1439-1448
    • (2004) Ophthalmology , vol.111 , pp. 1439-1448
    • Varma, R.1    Ying Lai, M.2    Francis, B.A.3
  • 26
    • 71149097697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glaucoma Research Foundation, Available at:, Last accessed October 2009
    • Glaucoma Research Foundation. Glaucoma Research Foundation Facts and Stats. 2009. Available at: http://www.glaucoma.org/learn/glaucoma_facts.php. Last accessed October 2009.
    • (2009) Glaucoma Research Foundation Facts and Stats
  • 27
    • 33644842701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of oral donepezil on intraocular pressure in normotensive Alzheimer patients
    • Estermann S., Daepp G., Cattapan-Ludewig K., et al. Effect of oral donepezil on intraocular pressure in normotensive Alzheimer patients. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 22 (2006) 62-67
    • (2006) J Ocul Pharmacol Ther , vol.22 , pp. 62-67
    • Estermann, S.1    Daepp, G.2    Cattapan-Ludewig, K.3
  • 28
    • 31544434570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective effect of donepezil on retinal ganglion cells in vitro and in vivo
    • Miki A. Protective effect of donepezil on retinal ganglion cells in vitro and in vivo. Curr Eye Res 31 (2006) 69-77
    • (2006) Curr Eye Res , vol.31 , pp. 69-77
    • Miki, A.1
  • 29
    • 41649103102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • APA Work Group on Alzheimer's Disease And Other Dementias. American Psychiatric Association practice guideline for the treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias
    • Rabins P.V., Blacker D., Rovner B.W., et al. APA Work Group on Alzheimer's Disease And Other Dementias. American Psychiatric Association practice guideline for the treatment of patients with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Am J Psychiatry 164 (2007) 5-56
    • (2007) Am J Psychiatry , vol.164 , pp. 5-56
    • Rabins, P.V.1    Blacker, D.2    Rovner, B.W.3
  • 30
    • 0033979520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical rivastigmine, a selective acetyclcholinesterase inhibitor, lowers intraocular pressure in rabbits
    • Goldblum D., Garweg J., and Bohnke M. Topical rivastigmine, a selective acetyclcholinesterase inhibitor, lowers intraocular pressure in rabbits. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 1 (2000) 29-35
    • (2000) J Ocul Pharmacol Ther , vol.1 , pp. 29-35
    • Goldblum, D.1    Garweg, J.2    Bohnke, M.3
  • 31
    • 17444366895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memantine: Targeting glutamate excitotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias
    • Molinuevo J., Llado A., and Rami L. Memantine: Targeting glutamate excitotoxicity in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Am J Alzheimer Dis Dementias 2 (2005) 77-85
    • (2005) Am J Alzheimer Dis Dementias , vol.2 , pp. 77-85
    • Molinuevo, J.1    Llado, A.2    Rami, L.3
  • 32
    • 0037417238 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memantine in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease
    • Reisberg B., Doody M.D., Stoffler A., et al. Memantine in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease. N Eng J Med 348 (2003) 1333-1341
    • (2003) N Eng J Med , vol.348 , pp. 1333-1341
    • Reisberg, B.1    Doody, M.D.2    Stoffler, A.3
  • 33
    • 0345872128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memantine treatment in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer disease already receiving donepezil
    • Tariot P.N., Falow M.R., Grossber G.T., et al. Memantine treatment in patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer disease already receiving donepezil. JAMA 291 (2004) 317-324
    • (2004) JAMA , vol.291 , pp. 317-324
    • Tariot, P.N.1    Falow, M.R.2    Grossber, G.T.3
  • 34
    • 32644484305 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Memantine protects neurons from shrinkage in the lateral geniculate nucleus in experimental glaucoma
    • Yucel Y.H., Gupta N., Zhang Q., et al. Memantine protects neurons from shrinkage in the lateral geniculate nucleus in experimental glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol 124 (2006) 217-225
    • (2006) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.124 , pp. 217-225
    • Yucel, Y.H.1    Gupta, N.2    Zhang, Q.3
  • 35
    • 0034060470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental glaucoma and cell size, density and number in primate lateral geniculate nucleus
    • Weber A., Chen H., Hubbard W., et al. Experimental glaucoma and cell size, density and number in primate lateral geniculate nucleus. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 41 (2000) 1370-1379
    • (2000) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci , vol.41 , pp. 1370-1379
    • Weber, A.1    Chen, H.2    Hubbard, W.3
  • 36
    • 0035653639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atrophy of relay neurons in mango-and parvocellular layers in the lateral geniculate nucleus in experimental glaucoma
    • Yucel Y., Zhang Q., Weinreb R., et al. Atrophy of relay neurons in mango-and parvocellular layers in the lateral geniculate nucleus in experimental glaucoma. Invest Opthal Vis Sci 42 (2001) 3216-3222
    • (2001) Invest Opthal Vis Sci , vol.42 , pp. 3216-3222
    • Yucel, Y.1    Zhang, Q.2    Weinreb, R.3
  • 37
    • 33744822718 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human glaucoma and neural degeneration in intracranial optic nerve, lateral geniculate nucleus and visual cortex
    • Gupta N., Ang L., Noel deTilly L., et al. Human glaucoma and neural degeneration in intracranial optic nerve, lateral geniculate nucleus and visual cortex. Br J Ophthalmol 90 (2006) 674-678
    • (2006) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.90 , pp. 674-678
    • Gupta, N.1    Ang, L.2    Noel deTilly, L.3
  • 39
    • 0035114601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrast discrimination deficits in retinitis pigmentosa are greater for stimuli that favor the magnocellular pathway
    • Alexander K.R., Pokorny J., Smith V.C., et al. Contrast discrimination deficits in retinitis pigmentosa are greater for stimuli that favor the magnocellular pathway. Vis Res 41 (2001) 671-683
    • (2001) Vis Res , vol.41 , pp. 671-683
    • Alexander, K.R.1    Pokorny, J.2    Smith, V.C.3
  • 40
    • 0025163133 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of a vulnerable subset of pyramidal neurons in Alzheimer's disease: II. Primary and secondary visual cortex
    • Hof P., and Morrison J. Quantitative analysis of a vulnerable subset of pyramidal neurons in Alzheimer's disease: II. Primary and secondary visual cortex. J Comp Neurol 301 (1990) 55-64
    • (1990) J Comp Neurol , vol.301 , pp. 55-64
    • Hof, P.1    Morrison, J.2
  • 41
    • 0028783381 scopus 로고
    • Pathology of subcortical visual centres in relation to cortical degeneration in Alzheimer's disease
    • Leuba G., and Saini K. Pathology of subcortical visual centres in relation to cortical degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 21 (1995) 410-422
    • (1995) Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol , vol.21 , pp. 410-422
    • Leuba, G.1    Saini, K.2
  • 42
    • 0028212139 scopus 로고
    • 24-Hour (nyctohemeral) and sleep-related variations of intraocular pressure in healthy white individuals
    • Buguet A., Py P., and Romanet J. 24-Hour (nyctohemeral) and sleep-related variations of intraocular pressure in healthy white individuals. Am J Opthalmol 117 (1994) 342-347
    • (1994) Am J Opthalmol , vol.117 , pp. 342-347
    • Buguet, A.1    Py, P.2    Romanet, J.3
  • 43
    • 0031933286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluctuations of intraocular pressure during the day in open angle glaucoma, normal tension glaucoma and normal individuals
    • Sacca S., Rolando M., Marletta A., et al. Fluctuations of intraocular pressure during the day in open angle glaucoma, normal tension glaucoma and normal individuals. Opthalmoligica 212 (1998) 115-119
    • (1998) Opthalmoligica , vol.212 , pp. 115-119
    • Sacca, S.1    Rolando, M.2    Marletta, A.3
  • 44
    • 0029031203 scopus 로고
    • Sundown syndrome in severely demented patients with probable Alzheimer's disease
    • Little J., Saatlin A., Sunderland T., et al. Sundown syndrome in severely demented patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 8 (1995) 103-106
    • (1995) J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol , vol.8 , pp. 103-106
    • Little, J.1    Saatlin, A.2    Sunderland, T.3
  • 45
    • 0026740012 scopus 로고
    • Circadian rhythms and the suprachiasmatic nucleus in perinatal development, aging and Alzheimer's disease
    • Mirmiran M., Swaab D., Kok J., et al. Circadian rhythms and the suprachiasmatic nucleus in perinatal development, aging and Alzheimer's disease. Prog Brain Res 16 (1992) 151-162
    • (1992) Prog Brain Res , vol.16 , pp. 151-162
    • Mirmiran, M.1    Swaab, D.2    Kok, J.3
  • 46
    • 0022347706 scopus 로고
    • The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the human brain in relation to sex, age and senile dementia
    • Swaab D., Flilers E., and Partimann T. The suprachiasmatic nucleus of the human brain in relation to sex, age and senile dementia. Brain Res 342 (1985) 37-44
    • (1985) Brain Res , vol.342 , pp. 37-44
    • Swaab, D.1    Flilers, E.2    Partimann, T.3
  • 47
    • 0027375067 scopus 로고
    • Sleep and sundowning in nursing home patients with dementia
    • Bliwise D., Carroll J., Lee K., et al. Sleep and sundowning in nursing home patients with dementia. Psychiatr Res 48 (1993) 277-292
    • (1993) Psychiatr Res , vol.48 , pp. 277-292
    • Bliwise, D.1    Carroll, J.2    Lee, K.3
  • 48
    • 13544275103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sleep and circadian abnormalities in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease: a role for cholinergic transmission
    • Wisor J., Edgar D., Yesavage J., et al. Sleep and circadian abnormalities in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease: a role for cholinergic transmission. Neuroscience 131 (2005) 375-385
    • (2005) Neuroscience , vol.131 , pp. 375-385
    • Wisor, J.1    Edgar, D.2    Yesavage, J.3
  • 49
    • 27544500099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impaired rapid eye movement sleep in the Tg2576 APP murine model of Alzheimer's disease with injury to pedunculopontine cholinergic neurons
    • Zhang B., Veasey S., Wood M., et al. Impaired rapid eye movement sleep in the Tg2576 APP murine model of Alzheimer's disease with injury to pedunculopontine cholinergic neurons. Neurobiology 167 (2005) 1361-1369
    • (2005) Neurobiology , vol.167 , pp. 1361-1369
    • Zhang, B.1    Veasey, S.2    Wood, M.3
  • 50
    • 0035173876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Twenty-four hour time course of intraocular pressure in healthy and glaucomatous Africans: relation to sleep patterns
    • Noel C., Kabo A., Romanet J., et al. Twenty-four hour time course of intraocular pressure in healthy and glaucomatous Africans: relation to sleep patterns. Ophthalmology 108 (2001) 139-144
    • (2001) Ophthalmology , vol.108 , pp. 139-144
    • Noel, C.1    Kabo, A.2    Romanet, J.3
  • 51
    • 0032870796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevation of human intraocular pressure at night under moderate illumination
    • Liu J., Kripke D., Hoffman R., et al. Elevation of human intraocular pressure at night under moderate illumination. Invest Ophthal Vis Sci 40 (1999) 2439-2442
    • (1999) Invest Ophthal Vis Sci , vol.40 , pp. 2439-2442
    • Liu, J.1    Kripke, D.2    Hoffman, R.3
  • 52
    • 33646469373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wavelength dependent effects of evening light exposure on sleep architecture and sleep EEG power density in men
    • Munch M., Kobialka S., Steiner R., et al. Wavelength dependent effects of evening light exposure on sleep architecture and sleep EEG power density in men. Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 290 (2006) 1421-1428
    • (2006) Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol , vol.290 , pp. 1421-1428
    • Munch, M.1    Kobialka, S.2    Steiner, R.3
  • 53
    • 0037039865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phototransduction by retinal ganglion cells that set the circadian clock
    • Berson D., Dunn F., and Motoharu T. Phototransduction by retinal ganglion cells that set the circadian clock. Science 295 (2002) 1070-1073
    • (2002) Science , vol.295 , pp. 1070-1073
    • Berson, D.1    Dunn, F.2    Motoharu, T.3
  • 54
    • 0036206205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High occurrence rate of glaucoma among patients with Alzheimer's disease
    • Bayer A., Ferrari F., and Erb C. High occurrence rate of glaucoma among patients with Alzheimer's disease. Eur Neurol 47 (2002) 165-168
    • (2002) Eur Neurol , vol.47 , pp. 165-168
    • Bayer, A.1    Ferrari, F.2    Erb, C.3
  • 56
    • 33744520848 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High frequency of open-angle glaucoma in Japanese patients with Alzheimer's disease
    • Tamura H., Kawakami H., Knamoto T., et al. High frequency of open-angle glaucoma in Japanese patients with Alzheimer's disease. J Neuro Sci (2006) 65-67
    • (2006) J Neuro Sci , pp. 65-67
    • Tamura, H.1    Kawakami, H.2    Knamoto, T.3
  • 57
    • 24144479985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Angle-closure glaucoma after discontinuing donepezil hydrochloride (Aricept)
    • Enzenauer R., and Bowers P. Angle-closure glaucoma after discontinuing donepezil hydrochloride (Aricept). J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 60 (2005) 1083
    • (2005) J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci , vol.60 , pp. 1083
    • Enzenauer, R.1    Bowers, P.2
  • 58
    • 33746922680 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Different death stimuli evoke apoptosis via multiple pathways in retinal pigment epithelial cells
    • Ferrington D.A., Tran T.N., Lew K.L., et al. Different death stimuli evoke apoptosis via multiple pathways in retinal pigment epithelial cells. Exp Eye Res 83 (2006) 638-650
    • (2006) Exp Eye Res , vol.83 , pp. 638-650
    • Ferrington, D.A.1    Tran, T.N.2    Lew, K.L.3
  • 59
    • 0033499808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long term drusen study
    • Sarraf D., Gin T., Yu F., et al. Long term drusen study. Retina 19 (1999) 513-519
    • (1999) Retina , vol.19 , pp. 513-519
    • Sarraf, D.1    Gin, T.2    Yu, F.3
  • 60
    • 0037335023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of age related maculopathy in Iceland: Reykjavik eye study
    • Jonasson F., Arnarsson A., Sasaki H., et al. The prevalence of age related maculopathy in Iceland: Reykjavik eye study. Arch Ophthalmol 1 (2003) 379-385
    • (2003) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.1 , pp. 379-385
    • Jonasson, F.1    Arnarsson, A.2    Sasaki, H.3
  • 61
    • 38349170724 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The epidemiology of retinal reticular drusen
    • Klein R., Meuer S., Knudison M., et al. The epidemiology of retinal reticular drusen. Am J Opthalmol 145(2) (2008) 317-326
    • (2008) Am J Opthalmol , vol.145 2 , pp. 317-326
    • Klein, R.1    Meuer, S.2    Knudison, M.3
  • 62
    • 33645884103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive impairment in the age related eye disease study
    • AREDS. Cognitive impairment in the age related eye disease study. Arch Ophthalmol 124 (2006) 537-543
    • (2006) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.124 , pp. 537-543
    • AREDS1
  • 63
    • 32444450909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drusen deposits associated with aging and age-related macular degeneration contain nonfibrillar amyloid oligomers
    • Luibl V., Isas J., Kayed R., et al. Drusen deposits associated with aging and age-related macular degeneration contain nonfibrillar amyloid oligomers. J Clin Invest 116 (2006) 378-385
    • (2006) J Clin Invest , vol.116 , pp. 378-385
    • Luibl, V.1    Isas, J.2    Kayed, R.3
  • 64
    • 0345760069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of beta amyloid assemblies in drusen: the deposits associated with aging and age-related macular degeneration
    • Anderson D., Talaga K., Rivest A., et al. Characterization of beta amyloid assemblies in drusen: the deposits associated with aging and age-related macular degeneration. Exp Eye Res 78 (2004) 243-256
    • (2004) Exp Eye Res , vol.78 , pp. 243-256
    • Anderson, D.1    Talaga, K.2    Rivest, A.3
  • 65
    • 26444478610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential role of amyloid beta in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration
    • Yoshida T., Ohno-Matsui K., Ichinose S., et al. The potential role of amyloid beta in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. J Clin Invest 115 (2005) 2793-2800
    • (2005) J Clin Invest , vol.115 , pp. 2793-2800
    • Yoshida, T.1    Ohno-Matsui, K.2    Ichinose, S.3
  • 66
    • 0037975774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyloid-beta is found in drusen from some age-related macular degeneration retinas, but not in drusen from normal retinas
    • Dentchev T., Milan A., Lee V., et al. Amyloid-beta is found in drusen from some age-related macular degeneration retinas, but not in drusen from normal retinas. Molecular Vis 9 (2003) 184-190
    • (2003) Molecular Vis , vol.9 , pp. 184-190
    • Dentchev, T.1    Milan, A.2    Lee, V.3
  • 67
    • 32444450909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drusen deposits associated with ging and age-related macular degeneration contain nonfibrillar amyloid oligomers
    • Luibl V., Isas J., Kayed R., et al. Drusen deposits associated with ging and age-related macular degeneration contain nonfibrillar amyloid oligomers. J Clini Invest 116 (2006) 378-385
    • (2006) J Clini Invest , vol.116 , pp. 378-385
    • Luibl, V.1    Isas, J.2    Kayed, R.3
  • 68
    • 33645791052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A method for chorioretinal oxygen tension measurement
    • Shahidi M., Shakoor A., Blair N., et al. A method for chorioretinal oxygen tension measurement. Curr Eye Res 31 (2006) 357-366
    • (2006) Curr Eye Res , vol.31 , pp. 357-366
    • Shahidi, M.1    Shakoor, A.2    Blair, N.3
  • 69
    • 0035377610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Macular pigment density measured by autofluorescence spectrometry: comparison with feflectometry and heterochromatic flicker photometry
    • Delori F., Goger D., Hammond B., et al. Macular pigment density measured by autofluorescence spectrometry: comparison with feflectometry and heterochromatic flicker photometry. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 18 (2001) 1212-1230
    • (2001) J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis , vol.18 , pp. 1212-1230
    • Delori, F.1    Goger, D.2    Hammond, B.3
  • 70
    • 33646847318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between cognitive impairment and retinal morphological and visual functional abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease
    • Iseri P., Altinas O., Today T., et al. Relationship between cognitive impairment and retinal morphological and visual functional abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuro-ophthalmol 26 (2006) 18-24
    • (2006) J Neuro-ophthalmol , vol.26 , pp. 18-24
    • Iseri, P.1    Altinas, O.2    Today, T.3
  • 71
    • 0029892805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retinal pathology in Alzheimer's disease. I. Ganglion cell loss in foveal/parafoveal retina
    • Blanks J., Torigoe Y., Hinton D., et al. Retinal pathology in Alzheimer's disease. I. Ganglion cell loss in foveal/parafoveal retina. Neurobiol Aging (1996) 17
    • (1996) Neurobiol Aging , pp. 17
    • Blanks, J.1    Torigoe, Y.2    Hinton, D.3
  • 72
    • 0037975774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amyloid-beta is found in drusen from some age-related macular degeneration retinas, but not in drusen from normal retinas
    • Dentchev T.M.A., Lee V.M., Trojanowski J.Q., et al. Amyloid-beta is found in drusen from some age-related macular degeneration retinas, but not in drusen from normal retinas. Molecular Vis 9 (2003) 184-190
    • (2003) Molecular Vis , vol.9 , pp. 184-190
    • Dentchev, T.M.A.1    Lee, V.M.2    Trojanowski, J.Q.3
  • 73
    • 33750300013 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between apolipoprotein E polymorphisms and age-related macular degeneration: A HuGE review and meta-analysis
    • Thakkinstian A., Bowe S., McEvoy M., et al. Association between apolipoprotein E polymorphisms and age-related macular degeneration: A HuGE review and meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol 9 (2008) 813-822
    • (2008) Am J Epidemiol , vol.9 , pp. 813-822
    • Thakkinstian, A.1    Bowe, S.2    McEvoy, M.3
  • 74
    • 23844463473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Apolipoprotein E allele-dependent pathogenesis: A model for age-related retinal degeneration
    • Malek G., Johnson L., Mace B., et al. Apolipoprotein E allele-dependent pathogenesis: A model for age-related retinal degeneration. PNAS 102 (2005) 11900-11905
    • (2005) PNAS , vol.102 , pp. 11900-11905
    • Malek, G.1    Johnson, L.2    Mace, B.3
  • 75
    • 38749112528 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting age-related macular degeneration with Alzheimer's disease based immunotherapies: anti-amylid beta antibody attenuates pathologies in an age-related macular degeneration mouse model
    • Ding J.D., Lin J., Mace B.E., et al. Targeting age-related macular degeneration with Alzheimer's disease based immunotherapies: anti-amylid beta antibody attenuates pathologies in an age-related macular degeneration mouse model. Vis Res 3 (2007) 339-345
    • (2007) Vis Res , vol.3 , pp. 339-345
    • Ding, J.D.1    Lin, J.2    Mace, B.E.3
  • 76
    • 0037433668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cytosolic Beta-amyloid deposition and supranuclear cataracts in lenses from people with Alzheimer's disease
    • Goldstein L., Muffat J., Cherny R., et al. Cytosolic Beta-amyloid deposition and supranuclear cataracts in lenses from people with Alzheimer's disease. Lancet 361 (2003) 1258-1265
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , pp. 1258-1265
    • Goldstein, L.1    Muffat, J.2    Cherny, R.3
  • 77
    • 71149107277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Targeting age-related macular degeneration with Alzheimer's disease based immunotherapies: anti-amylid beta antibody attenuates pathologies in an age-related macular degeneration mouse model
    • Ding D., Lin J., Mace B., et al. Targeting age-related macular degeneration with Alzheimer's disease based immunotherapies: anti-amylid beta antibody attenuates pathologies in an age-related macular degeneration mouse model. Vis Res (2007)
    • (2007) Vis Res
    • Ding, D.1    Lin, J.2    Mace, B.3
  • 78
    • 10844277858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mice transgenic for Alzheimer disease beta amyloid develop lens cataracts that are rescued by antioxidant treatment
    • Melov S., Wolf N., Strozyk D., et al. Mice transgenic for Alzheimer disease beta amyloid develop lens cataracts that are rescued by antioxidant treatment. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 38 (2005) 258-261
    • (2005) Free Radical Biology and Medicine , vol.38 , pp. 258-261
    • Melov, S.1    Wolf, N.2    Strozyk, D.3
  • 79
    • 0346096979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial characteristics of receptor-induced calcium signaling in human lens capsular bags
    • Collinson D., Wang L., Wormston M., et al. Spatial characteristics of receptor-induced calcium signaling in human lens capsular bags. Invest Ophthal Vis Sci 45 (2004) 200-205
    • (2004) Invest Ophthal Vis Sci , vol.45 , pp. 200-205
    • Collinson, D.1    Wang, L.2    Wormston, M.3
  • 80
    • 0037490798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Movement of cysteine in intact monkey lenses: the major site of entry is the germinative region
    • Sweeney M., Garland D., and Truscott R. Movement of cysteine in intact monkey lenses: the major site of entry is the germinative region. Exp Eye Res 77 (2003) 245-251
    • (2003) Exp Eye Res , vol.77 , pp. 245-251
    • Sweeney, M.1    Garland, D.2    Truscott, R.3
  • 81
    • 0030999320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The human lens possesses acetylcholine receptors that are functional throughout life
    • Thomas G., Williams M., Sanderson J., et al. The human lens possesses acetylcholine receptors that are functional throughout life. Exp Ey Res 64 (1997) 849-852
    • (1997) Exp Ey Res , vol.64 , pp. 849-852
    • Thomas, G.1    Williams, M.2    Sanderson, J.3
  • 82
    • 0013955682 scopus 로고
    • Anticholinesterase drugs and cataracts
    • Shaffer R., and Hetherington J. Anticholinesterase drugs and cataracts. Am J Opthalmol 62 (1966) 613-618
    • (1966) Am J Opthalmol , vol.62 , pp. 613-618
    • Shaffer, R.1    Hetherington, J.2
  • 83
    • 0013957968 scopus 로고
    • Lenticular opacities in glaucoma patients receiving echothiophate iodide therapy
    • DeRoetth A. Lenticular opacities in glaucoma patients receiving echothiophate iodide therapy. Am J Ophthalmol 62 (1966) 619-628
    • (1966) Am J Ophthalmol , vol.62 , pp. 619-628
    • DeRoetth, A.1
  • 84
    • 0018374459 scopus 로고
    • Early lens changes in Macca fasciularis monkeys under topical treatment with echothiophate or carbachol studied by slit image photography
    • Albrecht M., and Barany E. Early lens changes in Macca fasciularis monkeys under topical treatment with echothiophate or carbachol studied by slit image photography. Invest Ophthal Vis Sci 18 (1979) 8
    • (1979) Invest Ophthal Vis Sci , vol.18 , pp. 8
    • Albrecht, M.1    Barany, E.2
  • 85
    • 18244367161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Muscarinic receptor antagonist-induced lenticular opacity in rats
    • Durand G., Hubert M., Kuno H., et al. Muscarinic receptor antagonist-induced lenticular opacity in rats. Toxicological Sci 66 (2002) 166-172
    • (2002) Toxicological Sci , vol.66 , pp. 166-172
    • Durand, G.1    Hubert, M.2    Kuno, H.3
  • 86
    • 71149116202 scopus 로고
    • Deroetth. Lenticular opacities in glaucoma patients receiving echothiophate iodide therapy
    • Deroetth. Lenticular opacities in glaucoma patients receiving echothiophate iodide therapy. JAMA 195 (1966) 152-154
    • (1966) JAMA , vol.195 , pp. 152-154
  • 88
    • 0014656441 scopus 로고
    • Influence of various miotics on cataract formation
    • Abraham S.V., and Teller J.J. Influence of various miotics on cataract formation. Br J Ophthalmol 53 (1969) 5
    • (1969) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.53 , pp. 5
    • Abraham, S.V.1    Teller, J.J.2
  • 89
    • 0029781240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pupil response to tropicamide in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders
    • Gomez-Tortosa E., and Jimenz-Alfaro D. Pupil response to tropicamide in Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders. Acta Neurol Scand 94 (1996) 104-109
    • (1996) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.94 , pp. 104-109
    • Gomez-Tortosa, E.1    Jimenz-Alfaro, D.2
  • 90
    • 85088601485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pupil assay and Alzheimer's disease: a critical analysis
    • Scinto L., Rentz D., Potter H., et al. Pupil assay and Alzheimer's disease: a critical analysis. Neurology 52 (1999) 673-677
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.52 , pp. 673-677
    • Scinto, L.1    Rentz, D.2    Potter, H.3
  • 91
    • 0031016956 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mydriatic effect of tropicamide and its diagnostic use in Alzheimer's disease
    • Reitner A., Baumgartner I., Thuile C., et al. The mydriatic effect of tropicamide and its diagnostic use in Alzheimer's disease. Vis Res 37 (1997) 165-168
    • (1997) Vis Res , vol.37 , pp. 165-168
    • Reitner, A.1    Baumgartner, I.2    Thuile, C.3
  • 92
    • 33847026019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phenylephrine and pilocarpine eye drop test for dementia with Lewy Bodies and Alzheimer's disease
    • Hanyu H., Hirao K., Shimizu S., et al. Phenylephrine and pilocarpine eye drop test for dementia with Lewy Bodies and Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Letters 414 (2007) 174-177
    • (2007) Neurosci Letters , vol.414 , pp. 174-177
    • Hanyu, H.1    Hirao, K.2    Shimizu, S.3
  • 93
    • 0031895573 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhanced miotic response to topical dilute pilocarpine in patients with Alzheimer's disease
    • 1-2:802-4
    • Kaneyuki H., Mitsuno S., Nishida T., et al. Enhanced miotic response to topical dilute pilocarpine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurology (1998) 1-2:802-4
    • (1998) Neurology
    • Kaneyuki, H.1    Mitsuno, S.2    Nishida, T.3
  • 94
    • 37549029160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pupillary hypersensitivity predicts cognitive decline in community dwelling elders
    • Scinto L. Pupillary hypersensitivity predicts cognitive decline in community dwelling elders. Neurobiol Aging 29 (2008) 222-230
    • (2008) Neurobiol Aging , vol.29 , pp. 222-230
    • Scinto, L.1
  • 95
    • 37349053071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pupil reaction to light in Alzheimer's disease: evaluation of pupil size changes and mobility
    • Fotiou D., Brozou C., Haidich A., et al. Pupil reaction to light in Alzheimer's disease: evaluation of pupil size changes and mobility. Aging Clin Exp Res 19 (2007) 364-371
    • (2007) Aging Clin Exp Res , vol.19 , pp. 364-371
    • Fotiou, D.1    Brozou, C.2    Haidich, A.3
  • 96
    • 0035160073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selective cell loss in Edinger-Westphal in asymptomatic elders and Alzheimer's patients
    • Scinto L.F., Wu M., Daffner C.K., et al. Selective cell loss in Edinger-Westphal in asymptomatic elders and Alzheimer's patients. Neurobiol Aging 22 (2001) 729-736
    • (2001) Neurobiol Aging , vol.22 , pp. 729-736
    • Scinto, L.F.1    Wu, M.2    Daffner, C.K.3
  • 97
    • 36849053984 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancing trabecular outflow by disrupting the actin cytoskeleton, increasing uveoscleral outflow with prostaglandin and understanding the pathophysiology of presbyopia interrogating Mother Nature: asking why, asking how, recognizing the signs, following the trail
    • Kaufman P. Enhancing trabecular outflow by disrupting the actin cytoskeleton, increasing uveoscleral outflow with prostaglandin and understanding the pathophysiology of presbyopia interrogating Mother Nature: asking why, asking how, recognizing the signs, following the trail. Exp Ey Res 86 (2008) 3-17
    • (2008) Exp Ey Res , vol.86 , pp. 3-17
    • Kaufman, P.1
  • 98
    • 0343851600 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss of neurons in magnocellular and parvocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus in glaucoma
    • Yucel Y., Zhang Q., Qupta N., et al. Loss of neurons in magnocellular and parvocellular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus in glaucoma. Arch Opthal 118 (2000) 378-384
    • (2000) Arch Opthal , vol.118 , pp. 378-384
    • Yucel, Y.1    Zhang, Q.2    Qupta, N.3
  • 99
    • 0029786160 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preferential metabolic involvement of visual cortical areas in a subtype of Alzheimer's disease: clinical implications
    • Pietrini P., Furey M., Graff-Radford N., et al. Preferential metabolic involvement of visual cortical areas in a subtype of Alzheimer's disease: clinical implications. Am J Psychiatry 153 (1996) 1261-1268
    • (1996) Am J Psychiatry , vol.153 , pp. 1261-1268
    • Pietrini, P.1    Furey, M.2    Graff-Radford, N.3
  • 100
    • 0027401626 scopus 로고
    • Retinal ganglion cells in Alzheimer's disease and aging
    • Curcio C., and Drucker D. Retinal ganglion cells in Alzheimer's disease and aging. Ann Neurol 33 (1993) 248-257
    • (1993) Ann Neurol , vol.33 , pp. 248-257
    • Curcio, C.1    Drucker, D.2
  • 101
    • 0025133965 scopus 로고
    • Optic nerve damage in Alzheimer's disease
    • Sadun A., and Bassi C. Optic nerve damage in Alzheimer's disease. Ophthalmology 97 (1990) 9-17
    • (1990) Ophthalmology , vol.97 , pp. 9-17
    • Sadun, A.1    Bassi, C.2
  • 102
    • 0022497666 scopus 로고
    • Optic nerve degeneration in Alzheimer's disease
    • Hinton D., Sadun A., Blanks J., et al. Optic nerve degeneration in Alzheimer's disease. N Eng J Med 315 (1986) 485-487
    • (1986) N Eng J Med , vol.315 , pp. 485-487
    • Hinton, D.1    Sadun, A.2    Blanks, J.3
  • 103
    • 0029012371 scopus 로고
    • Myelintated axon number in the optic nerve is unaffected by Alzheimer's disease
    • Davies D.C., McCoubrie P., McDonald B., et al. Myelintated axon number in the optic nerve is unaffected by Alzheimer's disease. Br J Ophthalmol 79 (1995) 596-600
    • (1995) Br J Ophthalmol , vol.79 , pp. 596-600
    • Davies, D.C.1    McCoubrie, P.2    McDonald, B.3
  • 104
    • 0026081158 scopus 로고
    • Optic nerve head and nerve fiber layer in Alzheimer's disease
    • Tsai C., Ritch R., Schwartz B., et al. Optic nerve head and nerve fiber layer in Alzheimer's disease. Arch Opthalmol 109 (1991) 199-204
    • (1991) Arch Opthalmol , vol.109 , pp. 199-204
    • Tsai, C.1    Ritch, R.2    Schwartz, B.3
  • 105
    • 0029901210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Retinal nerve fiber layer abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease
    • Hedges T., Galves R., Spiegelman D., et al. Retinal nerve fiber layer abnormalities in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Ophthlmol Scand 74 (1996) 271-275
    • (1996) Acta Ophthlmol Scand , vol.74 , pp. 271-275
    • Hedges, T.1    Galves, R.2    Spiegelman, D.3
  • 106
    • 0034844875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphological and functional retinal impairment in Alzheimer's disease patients
    • Parisi V. Morphological and functional retinal impairment in Alzheimer's disease patients. Clin Neurophysiol 112 (2001) 1860-1867
    • (2001) Clin Neurophysiol , vol.112 , pp. 1860-1867
    • Parisi, V.1
  • 107
    • 34548442434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroimaging of retinal nerve fiber layer in AD using optical coherence tomography
    • Valenti D. Neuroimaging of retinal nerve fiber layer in AD using optical coherence tomography. Neurology 69 (2007) 1060
    • (2007) Neurology , vol.69 , pp. 1060
    • Valenti, D.1
  • 108
    • 71149099131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localized retinal nerve fiber layer thinning in patients with early glaucoma or Alzheimer's disease
    • 3379/B912
    • Bersisha F., Feke G.T., Trempe C.L., et al. Localized retinal nerve fiber layer thinning in patients with early glaucoma or Alzheimer's disease. ARVO Annual Meeting; Fort Lauderdale, Florida (2006) 3379/B912
    • (2006) ARVO Annual Meeting; Fort Lauderdale, Florida
    • Bersisha, F.1    Feke, G.T.2    Trempe, C.L.3
  • 109
    • 34249298364 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Abnormal retinal thickness in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease
    • Paquet C., Boissonnot M., Roger F., et al. Abnormal retinal thickness in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Neurosci Lett 420 (2007) 97-99
    • (2007) Neurosci Lett , vol.420 , pp. 97-99
    • Paquet, C.1    Boissonnot, M.2    Roger, F.3
  • 110
    • 0030057716 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual cortical dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease evaluated with temporarily graded stress test during PET
    • Mentis M., Horwitz B., Grady C., et al. Visual cortical dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease evaluated with temporarily graded stress test during PET. Am J Psychiatry 153 (1996) 32-40
    • (1996) Am J Psychiatry , vol.153 , pp. 32-40
    • Mentis, M.1    Horwitz, B.2    Grady, C.3
  • 111
    • 0031745846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing required neural response to expose abnormal brain function in mild versus moderate or sever Alzheimer's Disease: PET study using parametric visual stimulation
    • Mentis M., Alexander G., Krasuski J., et al. Increasing required neural response to expose abnormal brain function in mild versus moderate or sever Alzheimer's Disease: PET study using parametric visual stimulation. Am J Psychiatry 155 (1998) 785-794
    • (1998) Am J Psychiatry , vol.155 , pp. 785-794
    • Mentis, M.1    Alexander, G.2    Krasuski, J.3
  • 112
    • 33750488745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dual-tasks and walking fast: Relationship to extra-pyramidal signs in advanced Alzheimer disease
    • Camicioli R., Bouchard T., and Licis L. Dual-tasks and walking fast: Relationship to extra-pyramidal signs in advanced Alzheimer disease. J Neurological Sci 3 (2006) 205-209
    • (2006) J Neurological Sci , vol.3 , pp. 205-209
    • Camicioli, R.1    Bouchard, T.2    Licis, L.3
  • 113
    • 0035009846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual factors for falls in older people
    • Lord S., and Dayhew J. Visual factors for falls in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc 49 (2001) 508-515
    • (2001) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.49 , pp. 508-515
    • Lord, S.1    Dayhew, J.2
  • 114
    • 33646870125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drugs and falls in community dwelling older people: A National Veterans Study
    • French D., Campbell R., Spehar A., et al. Drugs and falls in community dwelling older people: A National Veterans Study. Clin Therapeutics 28 (2006) 619-630
    • (2006) Clin Therapeutics , vol.28 , pp. 619-630
    • French, D.1    Campbell, R.2    Spehar, A.3
  • 116
    • 0028067590 scopus 로고
    • A multifactorial intervention to reduce the risk of falling among elderly people living in the community
    • Tinnetti M., Baker D., and McAvay G. A multifactorial intervention to reduce the risk of falling among elderly people living in the community. N Eng J Med 331 (1994) 821-827
    • (1994) N Eng J Med , vol.331 , pp. 821-827
    • Tinnetti, M.1    Baker, D.2    McAvay, G.3
  • 117
    • 0029979152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Falls in the elderly: a prospective study of risk factors and risk profiles
    • Graafmans W., Ooms M., and Hofstee H. Falls in the elderly: a prospective study of risk factors and risk profiles. Am J Epidemiol 143 (1996) 1129-1136
    • (1996) Am J Epidemiol , vol.143 , pp. 1129-1136
    • Graafmans, W.1    Ooms, M.2    Hofstee, H.3
  • 118
    • 0028044179 scopus 로고
    • Predictors of mortality and institutionalization after hip fracture: the New Haven EPESE cohort. Established populations for epidemiologic studies of the elderly
    • Marottoli R., Berkman L., Leo-Summers L., et al. Predictors of mortality and institutionalization after hip fracture: the New Haven EPESE cohort. Established populations for epidemiologic studies of the elderly. Am J Public Health 84 (1994) 1807-1812
    • (1994) Am J Public Health , vol.84 , pp. 1807-1812
    • Marottoli, R.1    Berkman, L.2    Leo-Summers, L.3
  • 119
    • 0023701496 scopus 로고
    • The care of elderly patients with hip fracture
    • Fitzgerald J., Moore P., and Dittus R. The care of elderly patients with hip fracture. N Eng J Med 319 (1988) 241-244
    • (1988) N Eng J Med , vol.319 , pp. 241-244
    • Fitzgerald, J.1    Moore, P.2    Dittus, R.3
  • 120
    • 0037344237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual risk factors for hip fracture in older people
    • Ivers R., Cumming R., Mitchell P., et al. Visual risk factors for hip fracture in older people. J Am Geriatr Soc 51 (2003) 356-363
    • (2003) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.51 , pp. 356-363
    • Ivers, R.1    Cumming, R.2    Mitchell, P.3
  • 121
    • 0025959547 scopus 로고
    • Falls in elderly patients with glaucoma
    • Glynn R., Seddon J., and Drug J. Falls in elderly patients with glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol 109 (1991) 205-210
    • (1991) Arch Ophthalmol , vol.109 , pp. 205-210
    • Glynn, R.1    Seddon, J.2    Drug, J.3
  • 122
    • 0034307353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual impairment and risk of hip fracture
    • Ivers R., Norton R., Cumming R., et al. Visual impairment and risk of hip fracture. Am J Epidemiol 152 (2000) 633-639
    • (2000) Am J Epidemiol , vol.152 , pp. 633-639
    • Ivers, R.1    Norton, R.2    Cumming, R.3
  • 123
    • 0033754536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Visual contributions to postural stability in older adults
    • Lord S., and Menz H. Visual contributions to postural stability in older adults. Gerontology 46 (2000) 306-310
    • (2000) Gerontology , vol.46 , pp. 306-310
    • Lord, S.1    Menz, H.2
  • 124
    • 0142200856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postural stability changes in the elderly with cataract simulation and refractive blur
    • Anand V., Buckley J., Scally A., et al. Postural stability changes in the elderly with cataract simulation and refractive blur. Invest Ophthalmol Visi Sci 44 (2003) 4670-4675
    • (2003) Invest Ophthalmol Visi Sci , vol.44 , pp. 4670-4675
    • Anand, V.1    Buckley, J.2    Scally, A.3
  • 125
    • 0034022947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stair negotiation in older people: a review
    • Startzell J., Ownes D., Mulfinger L., et al. Stair negotiation in older people: a review. J Am Geriatr Soc 48 (2000) 567-580
    • (2000) J Am Geriatr Soc , vol.48 , pp. 567-580
    • Startzell, J.1    Ownes, D.2    Mulfinger, L.3
  • 126
    • 0035165544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Szylick JS, W Fishaman, GA, Alzexander KR, et al. Perceived and actual performance of daily tasks: relationship to visual function tests in individuals with retinitis pigmentosa. Ophthalmology 2001;108:65-67.
    • Szylick JS, W Fishaman, GA, Alzexander KR, et al. Perceived and actual performance of daily tasks: relationship to visual function tests in individuals with retinitis pigmentosa. Ophthalmology 2001;108:65-67.
  • 127
    • 34248396389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multifocal spectacles increase variability in toe clearance and risk of tripping in the elderly
    • Johnson L., Buckley J.G., Scally A.J., et al. Multifocal spectacles increase variability in toe clearance and risk of tripping in the elderly. Invest Ophthal Vis Sci 48 (2006) 1466-1471
    • (2006) Invest Ophthal Vis Sci , vol.48 , pp. 1466-1471
    • Johnson, L.1    Buckley, J.G.2    Scally, A.J.3
  • 128
    • 0036844609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multifocal glasses impair edge-contrast sensitivity and depth perception and increase the risk of falls in older people
    • Lord S., Dayhew J., and Howland A. Multifocal glasses impair edge-contrast sensitivity and depth perception and increase the risk of falls in older people. J Am Geriatric Soc 50 (2002) 1760-1766
    • (2002) J Am Geriatric Soc , vol.50 , pp. 1760-1766
    • Lord, S.1    Dayhew, J.2    Howland, A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.