Characterisation and utility of thiopurine methyltransferase and thiopurine metabolite measurements in autoimmune hepatitis

Journal of Hepatology

Volumn 52, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 106-111

  Hindorf, Ulf ^a   Jahed, Khatoon ^b   Bergquist, Annika ^c   Verbaan, Hans ^a   Prytz, Hanne ^a   Wallerstedt, Sven ^d   Werner, Mårten ^e   Olsson, Rolf ^d   Björnsson, Einar ^d   Peterson, Curt ^b   Almer, Sven H C ^b  

^a LUND UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^b LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^c KAROLINSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^d SAHLGRENSKA UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^e UMEÅ UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Autoimmune hepatitis; Drug monitoring; Thiopurine metabolites; Thiopurine methyltransferase; Thiopurines

Indexed keywords

AZATHIOPRINE; MERCAPTOPURINE; STEROID;

ABDOMINAL PAIN; ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS; BONE MARROW TOXICITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIARRHEA; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; DRUG HYPERSENSITIVITY; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; FEMALE; GENOTYPE; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; LIVER FUNCTION TEST; LIVER TOXICITY; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NAUSEA AND VOMITING; PRIORITY JOURNAL;

ADRENAL CORTEX HORMONES; ADULT; AGED; AZATHIOPRINE; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HEPATITIS, AUTOIMMUNE; HUMANS; MALE; METHYLTRANSFERASES; MIDDLE AGED; PROGNOSIS; THIOGUANINE; THIOINOSINE; THIONUCLEOTIDES; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 71149092879     PISSN: 01688278     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2009.10.004     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Cook G.C., Mulligan R., and Sherlock S. Controlled prospective trial of corticosteroid therapy in active chronic hepatitis. QJM 40 (1971) 159-185
2. Soloway R.D., Summerskill W.H., Baggenstoss A.H., Geall M.G., Gitnick G.L., Elveback I.R., et al. Clinical, biochemical, and histological remission of severe chronic active liver disease: a controlled study of treatments and early prognosis. Gastroenterology 63 (1972) 820-833
3. Murray-Lyon I.M., Stern R.B., and Williams R. Controlled trial of prednisone and azathioprine in active chronic hepatitis. Lancet 1 (1973) 735-737
4. Stellon A.J., Keating J.J., Johnson P.J., McFarlane I.G., and Williams R. Maintenance of remission in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis with azathioprine after corticosteroid withdrawal. Hepatology 8 (1988) 781-784
5. Johnson P.J., McFarlane I.G., and Williams R. Azathioprine for long-term maintenance of remission in autoimmune hepatitis. N Engl J Med 333 (1995) 958-963
6. Rumbo C., Shneider B.L., and Emre S.H. Utility of azathioprine metabolite measurements in post-transplant recurrent autoimmune and immune-mediated hepatitis. Pediatr Transplant 8 (2004) 571-575
7. Lennard L., and Lilleyman J.S. Individualizing therapy with 6-mercaptopurine and 6-thioguanine related to the thiopurine methyltransferase polymorphism. Ther Drug Monit 18 (1996) 328-334
8. Krynetskaia N.F., Krynetski E.Y., and Evans W.E. Human RNase H-mediated RNA cleavage from DNA-RNA duplexes is inhibited by 6-deoxythioguanosine incorporation into DNA. Mol Pharmacol 56 (1999) 841-848
9. Tiede I., Fritz G., Strand S., Poppe D., Dvorsky R., Strand D., et al. CD28-dependent Rac1 activation is the molecular target of azathioprine in primary human CD4+ T lymphocytes. J Clin Invest 111 (2003) 1133-1145
10. Hindorf U., Peterson C., and Almer S. Assessment of thiopurine methyltransferase and metabolite formation during thiopurine therapy. Results from a large Swedish patient population. Ther Drug Monit 26 (2004) 673-678
11. Derviuex T., Blanco J.G., Krynetski E.Y., Vanin E.F., Roussel M.F., and Relling M.V. Differing contribution of thiopurine methyltransferase to mercaptopurine versus thioguanine effects in human leukemic cells. Cancer Res 61 (2001) 5810-5816
12. Lindqvist M., Haglund S., Almer S., Peterson C., Taipalensu J., Hertervig E., et al. Identification of two novel sequence variants affecting thiopurine methyltransferase enzyme activity. Pharmacogenetics 14 (2004) 261-265
13. Schaeffeler E., Fischer C., Brockmeier D., Wernet D., Moerike K., Eichelbaum M., et al. Comprehensive analysis of thiopurine S-methyltransferase phenotype-genotype correlation in a large population of German-Caucasians and identification of novel TPMT variants. Pharmacogenetics 14 (2004) 407-417
14. Schaeffeler E., Eichelbaum M., Reinisch W., Zanger U.M., and Schwab M. Three novel thiopurine S-methyltransferase allelic variants (TPMT*20, *21, *22)-association with decreased enzyme function. Hum Mutat 27 (2006) 976
15. Lindqvist M., Skoglund K., Karlgren A., Soderkvist P., Peterson C., Kidhall I., et al. Explaining TPMT genotype/phenotype discrepancy by haplotyping of TPMT*3A and identification of a novel sequence variant, TPMT*23. Pharmacogenet Genomics 17 (2007) 891-895
16. Garat A., Cauffiez C., Renault N., Lo-Guidice J.M., Allorge D., Chevalier D., et al. Characterisation of novel defective thiopurine S-methyltransferase allelic variants. Biochem Pharmacol 76 (2008) 404-415
17. Lennard L., Van Loon J.A., and Weinshilboum R.M. Pharmacogenetics of acute azathioprine toxicity: relationship to thiopurine methyltransferase genetic polymorphism. Clin Pharmacol Ther 46 (1989) 149-154
18. Cuffari C., Hunt S., and Bayless T. Utilisation of erythrocyte 6-thioguanine metabolite levels to optimise azathioprine therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 48 (2001) 642-646
19. Bonaz B., Boitard J., Marteau P., Lemann M., Coffin B., Flourie B., et al. Thioguanine in patients with Crohn's disease intolerant or resistant to azathioprine/mercaptopurine. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 18 (2003) 401-408
20. Hindorf U., Lyrenas E., Nilsson A., and Schmiegelow K. Monitoring of long-term thiopurine therapy among adults with inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Gastroenterol 39 (2004) 1105-1112
21. Dubinsky M.C., Yang H., Hassard P.V., Seidman E.G., Kam L.Y., Abreu M.T., et al. 6-MP metabolite profiles provide a biochemical explanation for 6-MP resistance in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 122 (2002) 904-915
22. Langley P.G., Underhill J., Tredger J.M., Norris S., and McFarlane I.G. Thiopurine methyltransferase phenotype and genotype in relation to azathioprine therapy in autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol 37 (2002) 441-447
23. Heneghan M.A., Allan M.L., Bornstein J.D., Muir A.J., and Tendler D.A. Utility of thiopurine methyltransferase genotyping and phenotyping, and measurement of azathioprine metabolites in the management of patients with autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol 45 (2006) 584-591
24. Czaja A.J., and Carpenter H.A. Thiopurine methyltransferase deficiency and azathioprine intolerance in autoimmune hepatitis. Dig Dis Sci 51 (2006) 968-975
25. Rumbo C., Emerick K.M., Emre S., and Shneider B.L. Azathioprine metabolite measurements in the treatment of autoimmune hepatitis in pediatric patients: a preliminary report. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 35 (2002) 391-398
26. Alvarez F., Berg P.A., Bianchi F.B., Bianchi L., Burroughs A.K., Cancado E.L., et al. International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group Report: review of criteria for diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. J Hepatol 31 (1999) 929-938
27. Lindgren S., Glaumann H., Almer S., Bergqvist A., Björnsson E., Broomé U., et al. Transitions between variant forms of primary biliary cirrhosis during long-term follow-up. Eur J Intern Med 20 (2009) 398-402
28. Olsson R., Glaumann H., Almer S., Broomé U., Lebrun B., Bergquist A., et al. High prevalence of small duct primary sclerosing cholangitis among patients with overlapping autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. Eur J Intern Med 20 (2009) 190-196
29. Pettersson B., Almer S., Albertioni F., Söderhall S., and Peterson C. Differences between children and adults in thiopurine methyltransferase activity and metabolite formation during thiopurine therapy: possible role of concomitant methotrexate. Ther Drug Monit 24 (2002) 351-358
30. Haglund S., Lindqvist M., Almer S., Peterson C., and Taipalensuu J. Pyrosequencing of TPMT alleles in a general Swedish population and in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Chem 50 (2004) 288-295
31. Sandborn W.J. A review of immune modifier therapy for inflammatory bowel disease: azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, cyclosporine, and methotrexate. Am J Gastroenterol 91 (1996) 423-433
32. Osterman M.T., Kundu R., Lichtenstein G.R., and Lewis J.D. Association of 6-thioguanine nucleotide levels and inflammatory bowel disease activity: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology 130 (2006) 1047-1053
33. Heneghan M.A., Al-Chalabi T., and McFarlane I.G. Cost-effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for autoimmune hepatitis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 7 (2006) 145-156
34. Sparrow M.P., Hande S.A., Friedman S., Lim W.C., Reddy S.I., Cao D., et al. Allopurinol safely and effectively optimizes thioguanine metabolites in inflammatory bowel disease patients not responding to azathioprine and mercaptopurine. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 22 (2005) 441-446
35. Sparrow M.P., Hande S.A., Friedman S., Cao D., and Hanauer S.B. Effect of allopurinol on clinical outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease nonresponders to azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 5 (2007) 209-214
36. Hindorf U., Johansson M., Eriksson A., Kvifors E., and Almer S.H.C. Mercaptopurine treatment should be considered in azathioprine intolerant patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 29 (2009) 654-661
37. Lichtenstein G.R., Abreu M.T., Cohen R., and Tremaine W. American Gastroenterological Association Institute medical position statement on corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and infliximab in inflammatory bowel disease. Gastroenterology 130 (2006) 935-939
38. Haga S.B., Thummel K.E., and Burke W. Adding pharmacogenetics information to drug labels: lessons learned. Pharmacogenet Genomics 16 (2006) 847-854
39. Hindorf U., Lindqvist M., Hildebrand H., Fagerberg U., and Almer S. Adverse events leading to modification of therapy in a large cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 24 (2006) 331-342