Brominated dioxins (PBDD/Fs) and PBDEs in marine shellfish in the UK

Food Additives and Contaminants - Part A

Volumn 26, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 918-927

  Fernandes, Alwyn ^a   Mortimer, David ^b   Gem, Martin ^b   Dicks, Pamela ^b   Smith, Frankie ^a   White, Shaun ^a   Rose, Martin ^a  

^a Central Science Laboratory   (United Kingdom)

^b FOOD STANDARDS AGENCY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

BFRs; Dietary exposure; Dioxins; PBBs; PBDDs; PBDFs; Shellfish

Indexed keywords

DIOXIN; POLYBROMINATED DIBENZODIOXIN; POLYBROMINATED DIBENZOFURAN; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHER;

ARTICLE; COCKLE; DIETARY INTAKE; ENVIRONMENT; FOOD CONTAMINATION; INDUSTRIALIZATION; MARINE SPECIES; METABOLISM; MUSSEL; NONHUMAN; OYSTER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCALLOP; SEASHORE; SHELLFISH; UNITED KINGDOM;

CERASTODERMA EDULE; CRASSOSTREA GIGAS; MYTILUS EDULIS; OSTREA EDULIS; OSTREIDAE; PECTEN MAXIMUS; PECTINIDAE;

EID: 70849086152     PISSN: 19440049     EISSN: 14645122     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/02652030902803026     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Ashizuka Y, Nakagawa R, Hori T, Tobiishi K, Lida T. 2005. Determination of PBDEs and PBDD/Fs in marine products. J Agric Chem. 53:3807-3813.
2. Behnisch P, Hosoe K, Sakai S. 2003. Brominated dioxin-like compounds: in vitro assessment in comparison to classical dioxin-like compounds and other polyaromatic compounds. Environ Int. 29:861-877.
3. Birnbaum L, Staskal D, Diliberto J. 2003. Health effects of PBDDs and PBDFs. Environ Int. 29:855-860.
4. Colles A, Koppen G, Hanot V, Nelen V, Dewolf M, Noel E, Malisch R, Kotz A, Kypke K, Biot P, et al. 2008. Fourth WHO-coordinated survey of human milk for persistent organic pollutants: Belgian results. Chemosphere 73:907-914.
5. Darnerud P. 2003. Toxic effects of brominated flame retardants in man and in wildlife. Environ Int. 29:841-853.
6. De Boer J. 2004. Brominated flame retardants in the environment - the price for our convenience. Environ Chem. 1:81-85.
7. D'Silva K, Fernandes A, Rose M. 2004. Brominated organic micropollutants Igniting the flame retardant issue. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol. 34:141-207.
8. st Network Conference on Persistent Organic Pollutants, University of Birmingham, March 2006.
9. Emsley A, Lim L, Stevens G. 2002. International fire statistics and the potential benefits of fire countermeasures. Paper presented at Flame Retardants 2002. Interscience Communications: London.
10. Fernandes A, White S, D'Silva K, Rose M. 2004. Simultaneous determination of PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs and PBDEs in food. Talanta. 63:1147-1155.
11. Fernandes A, D'Silva K, Driffield M, White S, Rose M. 2005. Brominated flame retardants and brominated dioxins in 2003 Total Diet samples. Report to the Food Standards Agency, CSL Report FD 04/37. London: HMSO.
12. Fernandes A, Smith F, Driffield M, White S. and Rose M. 2006. Brominated and chlorinated contaminants and PAHs in shellfish flesh from Scottish inshore and offshore harvesting areas. Report to the Food Standards Agency Scotland. CSL Report FD 06/04. London: HMSO.
13. Fernandes A, Smith F, Petch R, White S. and Rose M. 2007. Brominated and chlorinated contaminants in shellfish. Report to the Food Standards Agency. CSL Report FD 07/05. London: HMSO.
14. Fernandes A, Dicks P, Mortimer D, Gem M, Smith FM, White S, Rose M. 2008. Brominated and chlorinated dioxins and brominated flame retardants in Scottish shellfish: Methodology, occurrence and human dietary exposure. Mol Nutr Food Res. 52:238-249.
15. Food Standards Agency 2004. New oily fish advice issued. Food Standards Agency News Release. Available: http://www.food.gov.uk/news/newsarchive/2004/jun/oilyfishwebcast. Accessed: 10 September 2008.
16. Food Standards Agency 2006a. Brominated chemicals in farmed and wild fish and shellfish and fish oil dietary supplements. Food Survey Information Sheet 04/06. Available: http://www.food.gov.uk/science/surveillance/fsisbranch2006/fsis0406. Accessed: 10 September 2008.
17. Food Standards Agency 2006b. Committee on Toxicity of Chemicals in Food, Consumer Products and the Environment. Statement on organic chlorinated and brominated contaminants in shellfish, farmed and wild fish. Available: http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/cotstatementfishsurveys.pdf. Accessed: 10 September 2008.
18. Food Standards Agency 2006c. Brominated chemicals: UK dietary intakes. Food Surveillance Information Sheet 10/06. Available: www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/fsis1006.pdf. Accessed: 10 September 2008.
19. Hagberg J. 2008. Analysis of PBDD/Fs by high resolution GC-MS. J Chromatogr. (in press).
20. Haglund P, Malmvarn A, Bergek S, Bignert A, Kautsky L, Nakano T, Wiberg K, Asplund L. 2007. Brominated dibenzo-p-dioxins: A new class of marine toxins. Environ Sci Technol. 41:3069-3074.
21. Hakk H, Letcher R. 2003. Metabolism in the toxicokinetics and fate of brominated flame retardants: a review. Environ Int. 29:801-828.
22. Harmer N, Driffield M, Fernandes A, Bradley E, Rose M, Mortimer D, Dicks P. 2008. The determination of brominated flame retardants in food by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometric detection: diastereoisomer specific hexabromocyclododecane and tetrabromobisphenol. A. Food Addit Contam. 25(7):895.
23. Hayakawa K, Takatsuki H, Watanabe I, Sakai S. 2004. PBDEs, PBDD/Fs and MoBPXDD/Fs in the atmosphere and bulk deposition of Japan. Chemosphere 57:343-356.
24. Health Canada 2005. Fish and Seafood survey. Available: www.hc-sc.gc.ca/food-aliment/cs-ipc/fr-ra/e_seafood_survey.html - 19k - 1 Mar 2005. Accessed: 10 September 2008.
25. Hornung L, Zabel E, Peterson R. 1996. TEFs of PBDD/F, PBB and PBDE congeners based on rainbow trout early life stage mortality. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 140:227-234.
26. Malmvarn A, Zebuhr Y, Jensen S, Kautsky L, Greyerz E, Nakano T, Asplund L. 2005. Identification of PBDDs in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) from the Baltic sea. Environ Sci Technol. 39:8235-8242.
27. Mason G, Zacharewski T, Denomme M, Safe L, Safe S. 1987. PBDDs and related compounds: quantitative in-vivo and in-vitro structure activity relationships. Toxciology 44:245-255.
28. Norwegian Institute of Public Health 2005. Interlaboratory comparison on dioxins in food. Sixth round of an International Study. Rapport 2005:7 ISBN 82-8082-145-7. Oslo, Norway: Norwegian Institute of Public Health.
29. Norwegian Institute of Public Health 2007. Interlaboratory comparison on dioxins in food. Eight round of an International Study. Rapport 2007:7 ISBN 978-82-8082-216-1. Oslo, Norway: Norwegian Institute of Public Health.
30. Ohta S, Okumura T, Nishimura H, Nakao T, Shimizu Y, Ochiai F, Aozasa O, Miyata H. 2004. Levels of PBDEs, TBBPA, TBPs, PCDD/Fs PxDD/Fs and PBDD/Fs in human milk of nursing women and dairy milk products in Japan. Organohalog Comp. 66:2891.
31. Olsman H, van Bavel B, Kalbin G, Pettersson A, Stenlund S, Strid A, Engwall M. 2002. Formation of dioxin-like compounds as photoproducts of DeBDE during UV-irradiation. Organohalog. Comp. 58:41-44.
32. Quasimeme 2004. Round 37 exercise 618. Data Assessment report (November). Aberdeen, UK: Quasimeme Project Office.
33. Schecter A, Papke O, Kuang-Chi T, Staskal D, Birnbaum L. 2004. PBDE contamination of United States food. Environ Sci Technol. 38(20):5306-5311.
34. Spiegelstein M. 2001. Proceedings of BFR 2001, Stockholm. Stockholm, Sweden: AB Firmatryck. p 41.
35. Van den Berg M, Birnbaum L, Bosveld ATC, Brunstrom B, Cook P, Feeley M, Giesy JP, Hanberg A, Hasegawa R, Kennedy SW, et al. 1998. Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs PCDDs and PCDFs for humans and wildlife. Environ Health Perspect. 106:775-792.
36. Van den Berg M, Birnbaum LS, Denison M, De Vito M, Farland W, Feeley M, Fiedler H, Hakansson H, Hanberg A, Haws L, et al. 2006. The 2005 World Health Organization re-evaluation of human and mammalian toxic equivalency factors for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. Toxicol Sci. 93:223-241.
37. Van Leeuven S, De Boer J. 2008. Brominated flame retardants in fish and shellfish: levels and contribution of fish consumption to dietary exposure of Dutch citizens to HBCD. Mol Nutr Food Res. 52(2):194.
38. Weber R, Kuch B, Ohno T, Sakurai T. 2002. De novo synthesis of mixed brominated-chlorinated PXDD/PXDF. Organohalog Comp. 56:181.
39. Weber R, Kuch B. 2002. Relevance of BFRs and thermal conditions on the formation pathways of brominated and brominated-chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans. Environ Int. 29:699-710.