Original research: Evidence that persistent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection in pigs does not require significant genetic change in open reading frame 5

Journal of Swine Health and Production

Volumn 17, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 318-324

  Chang, Chih Cheng ^a   Yoon, Kyoung Jin ^b   Zimmerman, Jeffrey J ^b  

^a NATIONAL CHIAYI UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^b IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Evolution; Persistence; Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus; Swine

Indexed keywords

ARTERIVIRUS; PORCINE RESPIRATORY AND REPRODUCTIVE SYNDROME VIRUS; SUIDAE;

EID: 70749100389     PISSN: 1537209X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Cavanagh D. Nidovirales: a new order comprising Coronaviridae and Arteriviridae. Arch Virol. 1997; 142: 629-633.
2. Benfield DA, Nelson E, Collins JE, Harris L, Goyal SM, Robison D, Christianson WT, Morrison RB, Gorcyca D, Chladelc D. Characterization of swine infertility and respiratory syndrome (SIRS) virus (isolate ATCC VR-2332). J Vet Diagn Invest. 1992; 4: 127-133.
3. Conzelmann KK, Visser N, Van Woensel P, Thiel HJ. Molecular characterization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, a member of the arterivirus group. Virology. 1993; 193: 329-339.
4. Meulenberg J, Hulst M, de Meuer E, Moonen P, den Besten A, de Kluyver E, Wensvoort G, Moormann R. Lelystad virus, the causative agent of porcine epidemic abortion and respiratory syndrome (PEARS), is related to LDV and EAV. Virology. 1993: 192: 62-72.
5. Meulenberg J, de Meijer E, Moormann R. Subgenomic RNAs of Lelystad virus contain a conserved leader body junction sequence. J Gen Virol. 1995: 74: 1697-1701.
6. Meulenberg J, den Besten A, de Kluyver E, Moormann R, Wensvoort G. Characterization of proteins encoded by ORFs 2 to 7 of Lelystad virus. Virology. 1995; 206: 155-163.
7. Murtaugh MP, Elam MR, Kakach LT. Comparison of the structural protein coding sequences of the VR-2332 and Lelystad virus strains of the PRRS virus. Arch Virol. 1995; 140: 1451-1460.
8. Nelsen CJ, Murtaugh MP, Faaberg KS. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus comparison: Divergent evolution on two continents. J Virol. 1999; 73: 270-280.
9. Van Nieuwstadt AP, Meulenberg JJ, van Essen Zanbergen A, den Besten AP, Bende RJ, Moormann RJ. Wensvoort G. Proteins encoded by open reading frames 3 and 4 of the genome of Lelystad virus (Arteriviridae) are structural proteins of the virion. J Virol. 1996: 70: 4767-4772.
10. Ostrowski M, Galeota JA, Jar AM, Platt KB, Osorio FA, Lopez OJ. Identification of neutralizing and noneutralizing epitopes in the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP5 ectodomain. J Virol. 2002; 76: 4241-4250.
11. Plana Duran J, Climent I, Sarraseca J, Urniza A, Crotes E, Vela C, Casal JI. Baculo virus expression of proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain O1ot/91: Involvement of ORF 3 and ORF 5 proteins in protection. Virus Genes. 1997; 14: 19-29.
12. Yang L, Frey ML, Yoon K-J, Zimmerman JJ, Platt KB. Categorization of North American porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses: Epitopic profiles of the N, M, GP5 and GP3 proteins and susceptibility to neutralization. Arch Virol. 2000; 145: 1599-1619.
13. Andreyev VG, Wesley RD, Mengeling WL, Vorwald AC, Lager KM. Genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships of 22 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRS virus) field strains based on sequence analysis of open reading frame 5. Arch Virol. 1997: 142: 993-1001.
14. Kapur V, Elam MR, Pawlovich TM, Murtaugh MP. Genetic variation in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates in the midwestem United Sates. J Gen Virol. 1996; 77: 271-1276.
15. Meng XJ, Paul PS, Halbur PG, Lum MA. Phylogenetic analyses of the putative M (ORF 6) and N (ORF 7) genes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRS virus) : implication for the existence of two genotypes of PRRS virus in the USA and Europe. Arch Virol. 1995; 140: 745-755.
16. Meng XJ, Paul PS, Halbur PG, Morozov I. Sequence comparison of open reading frames 2 to 5 of low and high virulence United States isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Gen Virol. 1996; 76: 3181-3188.
17. Stadejek T, Oleksiewicz MB, Potapchuk D, Podgorska K. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strains of exceptional diversity in eastern Europe support the definition of new genetic subtypes. J Gen Virol. 2006; 87: 1835-1841.
18. Yang L, Yoon K-J, Li Y, Lee J-H, Zimmerman JJ, Frey ML, Harmon KM, Platt KB. Antigenic and genetic variations of the 15 kD nucleocapsid protein of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates. Arch Virol. 1999; 144: 525-546.
19. Yoshii M, Kaku Y, Murakami Y, Shimizu M, Kato K, Ikeda H. Genetic variation and geographic distribution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Japan. Arch Virol. 2005; 150: 2313-2324.
20. Li Y, Wang X, Bo K, Wang X, Tang B, Yang B, Jiang W, Jiang P. Emergence of a highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in the Mid-Eastern region of China. VetJ. 2007; 174: 577-584. (Pubitemid 350082720)
21. Tian K, Yu X, Zhao T, Feng Y, Cao Z, Wang C, Hu Y, Chen X, Hu D, Tian X, Liu D, Zhang S, Deng X, Ding Y, Yang L, Zhang Y, Xiao H, Qiao M, Wang B, Hou L, Wang X, Yang X, Kang L, Sun M, Jin P, Wang S, Kitamura Y, Yan J, Gao GF. Emergence of fatal PRRSV variants: unparalleled outbreaks of atypical PRRS in China and molecular dissection of the unique hallmark. PLoS ONE. 2007; 2 (6) : e526. doi:l0.1371/journal. pone.0000526.
22. Zhou YJ, Hao XF, Tian ZJ, Tong GZ, Yoo D, An TQ, Zhou T, Li GX, Qiu HJ, Wei TC, Yuan XF. Highly virulent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus emerged in China. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2008: 55: 152-164.
23. Goldberg TL, Hahn EC, Weigel RM, Scherba G. Genetic, geographical and temporal variation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Illinois. J Gen Virol. 2000: 81: 171-179.
24. Chang C-C, Yoon K-J, Zimmerman JJ, Harmon KM, Dixon PM, Dvorak CM, Murtaugh MP. Evolution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus during sequential passages in pigs. J Virol. 2002; 76: 4750-4763.
25. Allende R, Kutish GF, Laegreid W, Lu Z, Lewis TL, Rock DL, Friesen J, Galeota JA, Doster AR, Osorio FA. Mutations in the genome of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus responsible for the attenuation phenotype. Arch Virol 2000: 145: 1149-1161.
26. Yoon KJ, Zimmerman JJ, Chang CC, Cancel-Tirado S, Harmon KM, McGinley MJ. Effect of challenge dose and route on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection in young swine. Vet Res. 1999; 30: 629-638.
27. Mardassi H, Mounir S, Dea S. Molecular analysis of the ORFs 3 to 7 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, Quebec reference strain. Arch Virol. 1995; 140: 1405-1418.
28. Mardassi H, Mounir S, Dea S. Structural gene analysis of a Quebec reference strain of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Adv Exp Med Biol. 1995; 380: 277-281.
29. Pirzadeh B, Dea S. Immune response in pigs vaccinated with plasmid DNA encoding ORF5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Gen Virol. 1998; 79: 989-999.
30. Pirzadeh B, Gagnon CA, Dea S. Genomic and antigenic variations of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus major envelope GP5 glycoprotein. Can J Vet Res. 1998: 62: 170-177. (Pubitemid 128528158)
31. Pirzadeh B, Dea S. Monoclonal antibodies to the ORF5 product of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus define linear neutralizing determinants. J Gen Virol. 1997: 78: 1867-1873.
32. Suarez P, Zardoya R, Martin MJ, Prieto C, Dopazo J, Solana A, Castro JM. Phylogenetic relationships of European strains of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) inferred from DNA sequences of putative ORF-5 and ORF-7 genes. Virus Res. 1996; 42: 159-165.
33. Gonin P, Pirzadeh B, Gagnon CA, Dea S. Seroneutralization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus correlates with antibody response to the GP5 major envelope glycoprotein. J Vet Diagn Invest. 1999; 11: 20-26.
34. Mardassi H, Massie B, Dea S. Intracellular synthesis, processing, and transport of proteins encoded by ORFs 5 to 7 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Virology. 1996; 221: 98-112.
35. Rowland RR, Steffen M, Ackerman T, Benfield DA. The evolution of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus: quasispecies and emergence of a virus subpopulation during infection of pigs with VR-2332. Virology. 1999; 259: 262-266
36. di Marzo Verones F, Reitz MS, Gupta G, Robert-Guroff M, Boyer-Thompson C, Louie A, Gallo RC, Lusso P. Loss of a neutralizing epitope by a spontaneous point mutation in the V3 loop of HIV-1 isolated from an infected laboratory worker. J Biol Chem. 1993; 268: 25894-25901.
37. Siebelink KH, Rimmelzwaan GF, Bosch ML, Meloen RH, Osterhaus AD. A single amino acid substitution in hypervariable region 5 of the envelope protein of feline immunodeficiency virus allows escape from virus neutralization. J Virol. 1993; 67: 2202-2208.