메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 28, Issue 1, 2010, Pages 235-256

The Violent or Agitated Patient

Author keywords

Agitated; Psychiatric; Restraints; Sedation; Substance abuse; Violent

Indexed keywords

ALCOHOL; AMPHETAMINE; ARIPIPRAZOLE; BENZATROPINE MESILATE; CLOZAPINE; COCAINE; CYTOCHROME P450; DIAZEPAM; DIPHENHYDRAMINE; DROPERIDOL; FLUMAZENIL; GLUCOSE; HALOPERIDOL; HYPERTENSIVE FACTOR; KETAMINE; LORAZEPAM; METHAMPHETAMINE; MIDAZOLAM; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; OLANZAPINE; OXYGEN; QUETIAPINE; RISPERIDONE; ZIPRASIDONE;

EID: 70549096195     PISSN: 07338627     EISSN: 07338627     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.emc.2009.10.006     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (29)

References (58)
  • 1
    • 20044379951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in U.S. emergency department visits for mental health conditions, 1992 to 2001
    • Larkin G.L., Claassen C.A., Emond J.A., et al. Trends in U.S. emergency department visits for mental health conditions, 1992 to 2001. Psychiatr Serv 56 6 (2005) 671-677
    • (2005) Psychiatr Serv , vol.56 , Issue.6 , pp. 671-677
    • Larkin, G.L.1    Claassen, C.A.2    Emond, J.A.3
  • 2
    • 0031872119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Violence and verbal abuse against staff in accident and emergency departments: a survey of consultants in the UK and the Republic of Ireland
    • Jenkins M.G., Rocke L.G., McNicholl B.P., et al. Violence and verbal abuse against staff in accident and emergency departments: a survey of consultants in the UK and the Republic of Ireland. J Accid Emerg Med 15 4 (1998) 262-265
    • (1998) J Accid Emerg Med , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 262-265
    • Jenkins, M.G.1    Rocke, L.G.2    McNicholl, B.P.3
  • 3
    • 24144432203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for work-related assaults on nurses
    • Gerberich S.G., Church T.R., McGovern P.M., et al. Risk factors for work-related assaults on nurses. Epidemiology 16 (2005) 704-709
    • (2005) Epidemiology , vol.16 , pp. 704-709
    • Gerberich, S.G.1    Church, T.R.2    McGovern, P.M.3
  • 4
    • 0023815510 scopus 로고
    • Emergency department violence in United States teaching hospitals
    • Lavoie F.W., Carter G.L., Danzl D.F., et al. Emergency department violence in United States teaching hospitals. Ann Emerg Med 17 11 (1988) 1227-1233
    • (1988) Ann Emerg Med , vol.17 , Issue.11 , pp. 1227-1233
    • Lavoie, F.W.1    Carter, G.L.2    Danzl, D.F.3
  • 5
    • 22844452224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Workplace violence: a survey of emergency physicians in the state of Michigan
    • Kowalenko T., Walters B.L., Khare R.K., et al. Workplace violence: a survey of emergency physicians in the state of Michigan. Ann Emerg Med 46 2 (2005) 142-147
    • (2005) Ann Emerg Med , vol.46 , Issue.2 , pp. 142-147
    • Kowalenko, T.1    Walters, B.L.2    Khare, R.K.3
  • 6
    • 0028402152 scopus 로고
    • Violence in emergency facilities
    • Lavoie F.W. Violence in emergency facilities. Acad Emerg Med 1 2 (1994) 166-168
    • (1994) Acad Emerg Med , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 166-168
    • Lavoie, F.W.1
  • 7
    • 58649098777 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hospital employee assault rates before and after enactment of the California hospital safety and security act
    • Casteel C., Peek-Asa C., Nocera M., et al. Hospital employee assault rates before and after enactment of the California hospital safety and security act. Ann Epidemiol 19 2 (2009) 125-133
    • (2009) Ann Epidemiol , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 125-133
    • Casteel, C.1    Peek-Asa, C.2    Nocera, M.3
  • 8
    • 0032984421 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a security system on violent incidents and hidden weapons in the emergency departments
    • Rankins R.C., and Hendey G.W. Effect of a security system on violent incidents and hidden weapons in the emergency departments. Ann Emerg Med 33 6 (1999) 676-679
    • (1999) Ann Emerg Med , vol.33 , Issue.6 , pp. 676-679
    • Rankins, R.C.1    Hendey, G.W.2
  • 9
    • 0029247904 scopus 로고
    • Weapon carriage among major trauma victims in the emergency department
    • Ordog G.J., Wasserberger J., Ordog C., et al. Weapon carriage among major trauma victims in the emergency department. Acad Emerg Med 2 2 (1995) 109-114
    • (1995) Acad Emerg Med , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 109-114
    • Ordog, G.J.1    Wasserberger, J.2    Ordog, C.3
  • 10
    • 0028209628 scopus 로고
    • Emergency medical evaluation of psychiatric patients
    • Tintinalli J., Peacock F., and Wright M. Emergency medical evaluation of psychiatric patients. Ann Emerg Med 23 4 (1994) 859-862
    • (1994) Ann Emerg Med , vol.23 , Issue.4 , pp. 859-862
    • Tintinalli, J.1    Peacock, F.2    Wright, M.3
  • 11
    • 0042364039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phencyclidine and ketamine
    • Flomenbaum N.E., Goldfrank L.R., Hoffman R.S., et al. (Eds), McGraw-Hill, New York
    • Olmedo R. Phencyclidine and ketamine. In: Flomenbaum N.E., Goldfrank L.R., Hoffman R.S., et al. (Eds). Goldfrank's toxicologic emergencies (2002), McGraw-Hill, New York 1034-1045
    • (2002) Goldfrank's toxicologic emergencies , pp. 1034-1045
    • Olmedo, R.1
  • 12
    • 33745029117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ketamine for procedural sedation and analgesia by nonanesthesiologists in the field: a review for military health care providers
    • Guldner G.T., Petinaux B., Clemens P., et al. Ketamine for procedural sedation and analgesia by nonanesthesiologists in the field: a review for military health care providers. Mil Med 1171 (2006) 484-490
    • (2006) Mil Med , vol.1171 , pp. 484-490
    • Guldner, G.T.1    Petinaux, B.2    Clemens, P.3
  • 13
    • 0025179008 scopus 로고
    • Ketamine sedation for pediatric procedures: part 2, review and implications
    • Green S. Ketamine sedation for pediatric procedures: part 2, review and implications. Ann Emerg Med 19 (1990) 1024-1032
    • (1990) Ann Emerg Med , vol.19 , pp. 1024-1032
    • Green, S.1
  • 14
    • 34848865618 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ketamine for prehospital use: new look at an old drug
    • Svenson J.E., and Abernathy M.K. Ketamine for prehospital use: new look at an old drug. Am J Emerg Med 25 8 (2007) 977-980
    • (2007) Am J Emerg Med , vol.25 , Issue.8 , pp. 977-980
    • Svenson, J.E.1    Abernathy, M.K.2
  • 15
    • 34548512224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The combative multitrauma patient: a protocol for prehospital management
    • Melamed E., Oron Y., Ben-Avraham R., et al. The combative multitrauma patient: a protocol for prehospital management. Eur J Emerg Med 14 5 (2007) 265-286
    • (2007) Eur J Emerg Med , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 265-286
    • Melamed, E.1    Oron, Y.2    Ben-Avraham, R.3
  • 16
    • 0036205480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring during procedural sedation
    • Miner J.R., Heegaard W., and Plummer D. End-tidal carbon dioxide monitoring during procedural sedation. Acad Emerg Med 9 4 (2002) 275-280
    • (2002) Acad Emerg Med , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 275-280
    • Miner, J.R.1    Heegaard, W.2    Plummer, D.3
  • 17
    • 34447560969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Capnography for procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department
    • Krauss B., and Hess D.R. Capnography for procedural sedation and analgesia in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med 50 2 (2007) 172-181
    • (2007) Ann Emerg Med , vol.50 , Issue.2 , pp. 172-181
    • Krauss, B.1    Hess, D.R.2
  • 18
    • 0036255527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The high prevalence of pain in emergency medical care
    • Cordell W.H., Keene K.K., Giles B.K., et al. The high prevalence of pain in emergency medical care. Am J Emerg Med 20 3 (2002) 165-169
    • (2002) Am J Emerg Med , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 165-169
    • Cordell, W.H.1    Keene, K.K.2    Giles, B.K.3
  • 19
    • 0024431258 scopus 로고
    • Oligoanalgesia in the emergency department
    • Wilson J., and Pendleton J. Oligoanalgesia in the emergency department. Am J Emerg Med 7 6 (1989) 620-623
    • (1989) Am J Emerg Med , vol.7 , Issue.6 , pp. 620-623
    • Wilson, J.1    Pendleton, J.2
  • 20
    • 59649120051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The intricate link between violence and mental disorder: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions
    • Elbogen E.B., and Johnson S.C. The intricate link between violence and mental disorder: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Arch Gen Psychiatry 66 2 (2009) 152-161
    • (2009) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.66 , Issue.2 , pp. 152-161
    • Elbogen, E.B.1    Johnson, S.C.2
  • 21
    • 67651115781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms underlying aggressive and hostile behavior in amphetamine users
    • Dawe S., Davis P., Lapworth K., et al. Mechanisms underlying aggressive and hostile behavior in amphetamine users. Curr Opin Psychiatry 22 3 (2009) 269-273
    • (2009) Curr Opin Psychiatry , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 269-273
    • Dawe, S.1    Davis, P.2    Lapworth, K.3
  • 22
    • 65549117823 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • National case-control study of homicide offending and methamphetamine use
    • Stretesky P.B. National case-control study of homicide offending and methamphetamine use. J Interpers Violence 24 6 (2008) 911-924
    • (2008) J Interpers Violence , vol.24 , Issue.6 , pp. 911-924
    • Stretesky, P.B.1
  • 23
    • 37849017770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medicare and Medicaid programs; hospital conditions of participation: patients' rights
    • Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS)
    • Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), and Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Medicare and Medicaid programs; hospital conditions of participation: patients' rights. Final rule. Fed Regist 71 236 (2006) 71377-71428
    • (2006) Final rule. Fed Regist , vol.71 , Issue.236 , pp. 71377-71428
  • 24
    • 84898696753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint Commission. Available at: Accessed April 12, 2009
    • Joint Commission. Available at:. http://www.jointcommission.org/Standards/ Accessed April 12, 2009
  • 25
    • 0032741191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The last resort: the use of physical restraints in medical emergencies
    • Annas G.J. The last resort: the use of physical restraints in medical emergencies. N Engl J Med 341 18 (1999) 1408-1412
    • (1999) N Engl J Med , vol.341 , Issue.18 , pp. 1408-1412
    • Annas, G.J.1
  • 26
    • 0028911309 scopus 로고
    • Sudden death in individuals in hobble restraints during paramedic transport
    • Stratton S.J., Rogers C., and Green K. Sudden death in individuals in hobble restraints during paramedic transport. Ann Emerg Med 25 5 (1995) 710-712
    • (1995) Ann Emerg Med , vol.25 , Issue.5 , pp. 710-712
    • Stratton, S.J.1    Rogers, C.2    Green, K.3
  • 27
    • 0030730944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restraint position and positional asphyxia
    • Chan T.C., Vilke G.M., Neuman T., et al. Restraint position and positional asphyxia. Ann Emerg Med 30 5 (1997) 578-586
    • (1997) Ann Emerg Med , vol.30 , Issue.5 , pp. 578-586
    • Chan, T.C.1    Vilke, G.M.2    Neuman, T.3
  • 28
    • 0032537470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unexpected death related to restraint for excited delirium: a retrospective study of deaths in police custody and in the community
    • Pollanen M.S., Chiasson D.A., Cairns T.J., et al. Unexpected death related to restraint for excited delirium: a retrospective study of deaths in police custody and in the community. CMAJ 158 12 (1998) 1603-1607
    • (1998) CMAJ , vol.158 , Issue.12 , pp. 1603-1607
    • Pollanen, M.S.1    Chiasson, D.A.2    Cairns, T.J.3
  • 30
    • 0037329059 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of the complication rate of use of patient restraint in the emergency department
    • Zun L.S. A prospective study of the complication rate of use of patient restraint in the emergency department. J Emerg Med 24 2 (2003) 119-124
    • (2003) J Emerg Med , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 119-124
    • Zun, L.S.1
  • 31
    • 0027262163 scopus 로고
    • Decoding right to refuse treatment law
    • Perlin M.L. Decoding right to refuse treatment law. Int J Law Psychiatry 16 1-2 (1993) 151-177
    • (1993) Int J Law Psychiatry , vol.16 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 151-177
    • Perlin, M.L.1
  • 32
    • 0023914982 scopus 로고
    • The right to refuse treatment with antipsychotic medications: retrospect and prospect
    • Appelbaum P. The right to refuse treatment with antipsychotic medications: retrospect and prospect. Am J Psychiatry 145 4 (1988) 413-419
    • (1988) Am J Psychiatry , vol.145 , Issue.4 , pp. 413-419
    • Appelbaum, P.1
  • 33
    • 35748974550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of patients' competence to consent to treatment
    • Appelbaum P.S. Assessment of patients' competence to consent to treatment. N Engl J Med 357 18 (2007) 1834-1840
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.357 , Issue.18 , pp. 1834-1840
    • Appelbaum, P.S.1
  • 34
    • 28044456324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of acute undifferentiated agitation in the emergency department: a randomized double-blind trial of droperidol, ziprasidone, and midazolam
    • Martel M., Sterzinger A., Miner J., et al. Management of acute undifferentiated agitation in the emergency department: a randomized double-blind trial of droperidol, ziprasidone, and midazolam. Acad Emerg Med 12 12 (2005) 1167-1172
    • (2005) Acad Emerg Med , vol.12 , Issue.12 , pp. 1167-1172
    • Martel, M.1    Sterzinger, A.2    Miner, J.3
  • 35
    • 0032961509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of typical and atypical antipsychotic medications in the management of agitation and aggression
    • Buckley P. The role of typical and atypical antipsychotic medications in the management of agitation and aggression. J Clin Psychiatry 60 Suppl 10 (1999) 52-60
    • (1999) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.60 , Issue.SUPPL. 10 , pp. 52-60
    • Buckley, P.1
  • 36
    • 0038298396 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological management of agitation in emergency settings
    • Yildiz A., Sachs G.S., and Turgay A. Pharmacological management of agitation in emergency settings. Emerg Med J 20 4 (2003) 339-346
    • (2003) Emerg Med J , vol.20 , Issue.4 , pp. 339-346
    • Yildiz, A.1    Sachs, G.S.2    Turgay, A.3
  • 37
    • 0034515814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing the agitated psychotic patient: a reappraisal of the evidence
    • Allen M. Managing the agitated psychotic patient: a reappraisal of the evidence. J Clin Psychiatry 61 (2000) 11-20
    • (2000) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.61 , pp. 11-20
    • Allen, M.1
  • 38
    • 0026583337 scopus 로고
    • Droperidol versus haloperidol for chemical restraint of agitated and combative patients
    • Thomas J.H., Schwartz E., and Petrilli R. Droperidol versus haloperidol for chemical restraint of agitated and combative patients. Ann Emerg Med 21 4 (1992) 407-413
    • (1992) Ann Emerg Med , vol.21 , Issue.4 , pp. 407-413
    • Thomas, J.H.1    Schwartz, E.2    Petrilli, R.3
  • 39
    • 29444435925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical policy: critical issues in the diagnosis and management of the adult psychiatric patient in the emergency department
    • Lukens T.W., Wolf S., Edlow J.A., et al. Clinical policy: critical issues in the diagnosis and management of the adult psychiatric patient in the emergency department. Ann Emerg Med 47 1 (2006) 79-99
    • (2006) Ann Emerg Med , vol.47 , Issue.1 , pp. 79-99
    • Lukens, T.W.1    Wolf, S.2    Edlow, J.A.3
  • 40
    • 0021742909 scopus 로고
    • Neuroleptic malignant syndrome induced by a single injection of haloperidol
    • [letter]
    • Konikoff F., Kuitzky A., Jerushalmi T., et al. Neuroleptic malignant syndrome induced by a single injection of haloperidol. [letter]. Br Med J 289 (1984) 1228-1229
    • (1984) Br Med J , vol.289 , pp. 1228-1229
    • Konikoff, F.1    Kuitzky, A.2    Jerushalmi, T.3
  • 41
    • 0018577849 scopus 로고
    • Cardiac arrhythmia and haloperidol
    • Mehta D., Mehta S., Petit J., et al. Cardiac arrhythmia and haloperidol. Am J Psychiatry 136 (1979) 1468-1469
    • (1979) Am J Psychiatry , vol.136 , pp. 1468-1469
    • Mehta, D.1    Mehta, S.2    Petit, J.3
  • 42
    • 34748849489 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does low-dose droperidol administration increase the risk of drug-induced QT prolongation and torsade de pointes in the general surgical population?
    • Nuttall G.A., Eckerman K.M., Jacob K.A., et al. Does low-dose droperidol administration increase the risk of drug-induced QT prolongation and torsade de pointes in the general surgical population?. Anesthesiology 107 4 (2007) 531-536
    • (2007) Anesthesiology , vol.107 , Issue.4 , pp. 531-536
    • Nuttall, G.A.1    Eckerman, K.M.2    Jacob, K.A.3
  • 43
    • 0038813551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review of the safety and efficacy of droperidol for the rapid sedation of severely agitated and violent patients
    • Shale J.H., Shale C.M., and Mastin W.D. A review of the safety and efficacy of droperidol for the rapid sedation of severely agitated and violent patients. J Clin Psychiatry 64 5 (2003) 500-505
    • (2003) J Clin Psychiatry , vol.64 , Issue.5 , pp. 500-505
    • Shale, J.H.1    Shale, C.M.2    Mastin, W.D.3
  • 44
    • 58349114259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atypical antipsychotic drugs and the risk of sudden cardiac death
    • Ray W.A., Chung C.P., Murray K.T., et al. Atypical antipsychotic drugs and the risk of sudden cardiac death. N Engl J Med 360 3 (2009) 225-235
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.360 , Issue.3 , pp. 225-235
    • Ray, W.A.1    Chung, C.P.2    Murray, K.T.3
  • 45
    • 0030875136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Haloperidol, lorazepam, or both for psychotic agitation? A multicenter, prospective, double-blind, emergency department study
    • Battaglia J., Moss S., Rush J., et al. Haloperidol, lorazepam, or both for psychotic agitation? A multicenter, prospective, double-blind, emergency department study. Am J Emerg Med 15 4 (1997) 335-340
    • (1997) Am J Emerg Med , vol.15 , Issue.4 , pp. 335-340
    • Battaglia, J.1    Moss, S.2    Rush, J.3
  • 46
    • 0024306205 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of combinations of intramuscular antipsychotics and sedative- hypnotics for control of psychotic agitation
    • Garza-Trevino E.S., Hollister L.E., Overall J.E., et al. Efficacy of combinations of intramuscular antipsychotics and sedative- hypnotics for control of psychotic agitation. Am J Psychiatry 146 12 (1989) 1598-1601
    • (1989) Am J Psychiatry , vol.146 , Issue.12 , pp. 1598-1601
    • Garza-Trevino, E.S.1    Hollister, L.E.2    Overall, J.E.3
  • 47
    • 9644263959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Previous emergency department use among homicide victims and offenders: a case-control study
    • Crandall C.S., Jost P.F., Broidy L.M., et al. Previous emergency department use among homicide victims and offenders: a case-control study. Ann Emerg Med 44 6 (2004) 646-655
    • (2004) Ann Emerg Med , vol.44 , Issue.6 , pp. 646-655
    • Crandall, C.S.1    Jost, P.F.2    Broidy, L.M.3
  • 48
    • 28844478176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effectiveness of an ED-based violence prevention program
    • Zun L.S., Downey L., and Rosen J. The effectiveness of an ED-based violence prevention program. Am J Emerg Med 24 1 (2006) 8-13
    • (2006) Am J Emerg Med , vol.24 , Issue.1 , pp. 8-13
    • Zun, L.S.1    Downey, L.2    Rosen, J.3
  • 49
    • 0142250955 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Violence prevention in the ED: linkage of the ED to a social service agency
    • Zun L.S., Downey L.V., and Rosen J. Violence prevention in the ED: linkage of the ED to a social service agency. Am J Emerg Med 21 6 (2003) 454-457
    • (2003) Am J Emerg Med , vol.21 , Issue.6 , pp. 454-457
    • Zun, L.S.1    Downey, L.V.2    Rosen, J.3
  • 50
    • 34249315472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergency department dispositions among 4100 youth injured by violence: a population-based study
    • Snider C., and Lee J. Emergency department dispositions among 4100 youth injured by violence: a population-based study. CJEM 9 3 (2007) 164-169
    • (2007) CJEM , vol.9 , Issue.3 , pp. 164-169
    • Snider, C.1    Lee, J.2
  • 51
    • 26844538114 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of death with atypical antipsychotic drug treatment for dementia: meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials
    • Schneider L.S., Dagerman K.S., and Insel P. Risk of death with atypical antipsychotic drug treatment for dementia: meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. JAMA 294 15 (2005) 1934-1943
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.294 , Issue.15 , pp. 1934-1943
    • Schneider, L.S.1    Dagerman, K.S.2    Insel, P.3
  • 53
    • 28244431743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk of death in elderly users of conventional vs. atypical antipsychotic medications
    • Wang P.S., Schneeweiss S., Avorn J., et al. Risk of death in elderly users of conventional vs. atypical antipsychotic medications. N Engl J Med 353 22 (2005) 2335-2341
    • (2005) N Engl J Med , vol.353 , Issue.22 , pp. 2335-2341
    • Wang, P.S.1    Schneeweiss, S.2    Avorn, J.3
  • 54
    • 12844274439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia: a review of the evidence
    • Sink K., Holden K., and Yaffe K. Pharmacological treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia: a review of the evidence. JAMA 293 (2005) 596-608
    • (2005) JAMA , vol.293 , pp. 596-608
    • Sink, K.1    Holden, K.2    Yaffe, K.3
  • 55
    • 1542287325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US emergency department visits for alcohol-related diseases and injuries between 1992 and 2000
    • McDonald III A.J., Wang N., and Camargo Jr. C.A. US emergency department visits for alcohol-related diseases and injuries between 1992 and 2000. Arch Intern Med 164 5 (2004) 531-537
    • (2004) Arch Intern Med , vol.164 , Issue.5 , pp. 531-537
    • McDonald III, A.J.1    Wang, N.2    Camargo Jr., C.A.3
  • 56
    • 84898690536 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed May 15, 2009
    • Mental health and suicide facts (2004). http://www.hentalhealth.org/suicideprevention/suicidefacts.asp Accessed May 15, 2009
    • (2004) Mental health and suicide facts
  • 57
    • 0031758985 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patients with alcohol problems in the emergency department, part 2: intervention and referral
    • D'Onofrio G., Bernstein E., Bernstein J., et al. Patients with alcohol problems in the emergency department, part 2: intervention and referral. Acad Emerg Med 5 12 (1998) 1210-1217
    • (1998) Acad Emerg Med , vol.5 , Issue.12 , pp. 1210-1217
    • D'Onofrio, G.1    Bernstein, E.2    Bernstein, J.3
  • 58
    • 35048827065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics: differential risk and clinical implications
    • Haddad P.M., and Sharma S.G. Adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics: differential risk and clinical implications. CNS Drugs 21 11 (2007) 911-936
    • (2007) CNS Drugs , vol.21 , Issue.11 , pp. 911-936
    • Haddad, P.M.1    Sharma, S.G.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.