Ictogenesis, epileptogenesis and mechanism of action of the drugs used for prevent and treat epilepsy;Ictogênese, epileptogênese e mecanismo de ação das drogas na profilaxia e tratamento da epilepsia

Journal of Epilepsy and Clinical Neurophysiology

Volumn 14, Issue SUPPL. 2, 2008, Pages 39-45

  Da Silva, Alexandre Valotta ^a   Cabral, Francisco Romero ^b  

^a FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF SÃO PAULO   (Brazil)

^b HOSPITAL ISRAELITA ALBERT EINSTEIN   (Brazil)

Author keywords

Experimental models; Neurology; Neurophysiology; Pharmacology

Indexed keywords

ALPHA AMINO 3 HYDROXY 5 METHYL 4 ISOXAZOLEPROPIONIC ACID; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; CARBAMAZEPINE; CATECHOLAMINE; ETHOSUXIMIDE; FELBAMATE; GALANIN; GLUTAMIC ACID; HISTAMINE; KAINIC ACID; LAMOTRIGINE; METABOTROPIC RECEPTOR; N METHYL DEXTRO ASPARTIC ACID; NEUROPEPTIDE Y; OPIATE PEPTIDE; OXCARBAZEPINE; PHENYTOIN; SEROTONIN; TIAGABINE; TOPIRAMATE; VALPROIC ACID; VOLTAGE DEPENDENT ANION CHANNEL; VOLTAGE GATED SODIUM CHANNEL; ZONISAMIDE;

ACTION POTENTIAL; ANTICONVULSANT ACTIVITY; BRAIN DAMAGE; BRAIN INFECTION; BRAIN INJURY; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; DEPOLARIZATION; DRUG MECHANISM; ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; EPILEPSY; EPILEPTIC STATE; EPILEPTOGENESIS; EXCITATION; GABAERGIC TRANSMISSION; GENE MUTATION; HIPPOCAMPUS; HUMAN; HYPERPOLARIZATION; ICTOGENESIS; INTERNEURON; NERVE CELL; NERVE CELL MEMBRANE POTENTIAL; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; NERVOUS SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT; PYRAMIDAL NERVE CELL; REVIEW; SEIZURE; SODIUM TRANSPORT; SYNAPTIC INHIBITION; SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION;

EID: 70450230490     PISSN: 16762649     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (68)

1. Scharfman HE. The neurobiology of epilepsy. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2007 July;7(4):348-354
2. Meisler MH, Kearney J, Ottman R, Escayg A. Identification of epilepsy genes in human and mouse. Annu Rev Genet 2001;35:567-588 (Pubitemid 34032987)
3. Matsumoto R, Ajmone-Marsan C. Cortical cellular phenomena in experimental epilepsy: ictal manifestations. Exp Neurol 1964;80:305-326
4. Brown TH, Johnston D. The synaptic nature of the paroxysmal depolarization shift in hippocampal neurons. Ann Neurol 1984;16:S65-S71. (Pubitemid 15202055)
5. Traub RD, Michelson-Law H, Bibbig AE, et al. Gap junctions, fast oscillations and the initiation of seizures. Adv Exp Med Biol 2004;548:110-122 (Pubitemid 38979618)
6. Cobb SR, Buhl EH, Halasy K, Paulsen O, Somogyi P, et al. Synchronization of neuronal activity in hippocampus by individual GABAergic interneurons. Nature 1996;378:75-78
7. Sutula TP, Dudek FE. Unmasking recurrent excitation generated by mossy fiber sprouting in the epileptic dentate gyrus: an emergent property of a complex system. In: Scharfman HE, editor. The Dentate Gyrus: A Comprehensive Guide to Structure, Function, and Clinical Implications. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2007.
8. McLean MJ, Schmutz M, Wamil AW, Olpe HR, Portet C, Feldmann KF. Oxcarbazepine: mechanisms of action. Epilepsia 1994;35(Suppl 3):S5-S9.
9. McLean MJ, Macdonald RL. Multiple actions of phenytoin on mouse spinal cord neurons in cell culture. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1983;227:779-789 (Pubitemid 14215066)
10. Taglialatela M, Ongini E, Brown AM, Di Renzo G, Annunziato L. Felbamate inhibits cloned voltagedependent Na+ channels from human and rat brain. Eur J Pharmacol 1996;316:373-377 (Pubitemid 27008173)
11. Taverna S, Sancini G, Mantegazza M, Franceschetti S, Avanzini G. Inhibition of transient and persistent Na+ current fractions by the new anticonvulsant topiramate. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999;288:960-968 (Pubitemid 29254132)
12. Albus H, Williamson R. Electrophysiologic analysis of the actions of valproate on pyramidal neurons in the rat hippocampal slice. Epilepsia 1998;39:124-139 (Pubitemid 28074348)
13. Schauf, C. L. Zonisamide enhances slow sodium inactivation in Myxicola. Brain Res 1987;413:185-188 (Pubitemid 17091509)
14. Macdonald RL, Kelly KM. Antiepileptic drug mechanisms of action. Epilepsia 1995;36(suppl 2):S2-S12.
15. Rogawski MA, Loscher W. The neurobiology of antiepileptic drugs. Nat Rev Neurosci 2004;5:553-564
16. Rogawski MA. In: Neurotherapeutics: Emerging strategies. Pullan L, Patel J, editors. Humana, Totowa, New Jersey; 1996. p.193-273.
17. Sohal VS, Keist R, Rudolph U, Huguenard JR. Dynamic GABA(A) receptor subtype-specific modulation of the synchrony and duration of thalamic oscillations. J Neurosci 2003;23:3649-3657
18. McDonald RL, Kelly KM. Ntiepileptic drugs. Mechanisms of action. Epilepsia 1995;36(suppl 2):2-12.
19. th ed. New York: Raven Press; 1995. p.491-498
20. Sillanpää ML. Carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine. In: Shorvon S, Dreifuss F, Fish D, Thomas D, eds. The treatment of epilepsy. Oxford: Blackwell Science; 1996. p.403-413
21. Deckers CL, Czuczwar SJ, Hekster YA, Keyser A, Kubova H, Meinardi H, Patsalos PN, Renier WO, Van Rijn CM. Selection of antiepileptic drug polytherapy based on mechanisms of action: the evidence reviewed. Epilepsia 2000;41:1364-1374 (Pubitemid 30813208)
22. McNamara JO. Pharmacotherapy of the Epilepsies. In: Brunton L, Laszo J, Parker K, editors. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. New York: The McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division; 2006. p.501-525
23. th ed. New York: Raven Press; 1995. p.271-282
24. Czuczwar SJ, Przesmycki K. Felbamate, gabapentin and topiramate as adjuvant antiepileptic drugs in experimental models of epilepsy. Pol J Pharmacol 2001;53:65-68 (Pubitemid 32288340)
25. Francois J, Koning E, Ferrandon A, Nehlig A. The combination of topiramate and diazepam is partially neuroprotective in the hippocampus but not antiepileptogenic in the lithium-pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2006;72:147-163 (Pubitemid 44879899)
26. Kelly KM. Gabapentin. Antiepileptic mechanism of action. Neuropsychobiol 1998;38:139-144
27. Deckers CL, Czuczwar SJ, Hekster YA, Keyser A, Kubova H, Meinardi H, Patsalos PN, Renier WO, Van Rijn CM. Selection of antiepileptic drug polytherapy based on mechanisms of action: the evidence reviewed. Epilepsia 2000;41:1364-1374 (Pubitemid 30813208)
28. Field MJ, Cox PJ, Stott E, Melrose H, Offord J, Su TZ, Bramwell S, Corradini L, England S, Winks J, Kinloch RA, Hendrich J, Dolphin AC, Webb T, Williams D. Identification of the alpha2-delta-1 subunit of voltage-dependent calcium channels as a molecular target for pain mediating the analgesic actions of pregabalin. Proc Nat Acad Sci 2006;103:17537-17542 (Pubitemid 44789004)
29. Cilio MR, Bolanos AR, Liu Z, Schmid R, Yang Y, Stafstrom CE, Mikati MA, Holmes GL. Anticonvulsant action and long-term effects of gabapentin in the immature brain. Neuropharmacol 2001;40:139-147 (Pubitemid 33779809)
30. Matsuo F, Gay P, Madsen J, Tolman KG, Rollins DE, Risner ME, Lai AA. Lamotrigine high-dose tolerability and safety in patients with epilepsy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, eleven-week study. Epilepsia 1996;37:857-862 (Pubitemid 26313731)
31. Matsuo F. Lamotrigine. Epilepsia 1999;40:S30-S36.
32. Czuczwar SJ, Patsalos PN. The new generation of GABA enhancers. Potential in the treatment of epilepsy. CNS Drugs 2001;15:339-350
33. Reijs R, Aldenkamp AP, De Krom M. Mood effects of antiepileptic drugs. Epilepsy Behav 2004;5:S66-S76.
34. Sidhu RS, Del Bigio MR, Tuor UI, Seshia SS. Low-dose vigabatrin (gamma-vinyl GABA)-induced damage in the immature rat brain. Exp Neurol 1997;144:400-405
35. Janz R, Goda Y, Geppert M, Missler M, Sudhof TC. SV2A and SV2B function as redundant Ca2+ regulators in neurotransmitter release. Neuron 1999;24:1003-1016 (Pubitemid 30017678)
36. Bialer M, Johannessen SI, Kupferberg HJ, Levy RH, Perucca E, Tomson T. Progress report on new antiepileptic drugs: a summary of the Seventh Eilat Conference (EILAT VII). Epilepsy Res 2004;1-48. (Pubitemid 39296697)
37. Lynch BA, Lambeng N, Nocka K, Kensel-Hammes P, Bajjalieh SM, Matagne A, Fuks B. The synaptic vesicle protein SV2A is the binding site for the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam. Proc Nat Acad Sci 2004;101:9861-9866 (Pubitemid 38869327)
38. Salazar AM, Jabbari B, Vance SC, Grafman J, Amin D, Dillon JD. Epilepsy after penetrating head injury. I. Clinical correlates: a report of the Vietnam Head Injury Study. Neurology 1985;35:1406-1414
39. Hesdorffer DC, Logroscino G, Cascino G, Annegers JF, Hauser WA. Risk of unprovoked seizure after acute symptomatic seizure: effect of status epilepticus. Annals of Neurology 1998;44:908-912 (Pubitemid 28558252)
40. Lossius MI, Ronning OM, Slapo GD, Mowinckel P, Gjerstadt L. Poststroke epilepsy: occurrence and predictors - a long-term prospective controlled study (Akershus Stroke Study). Epilepsia 2005;46:1246-1251 (Pubitemid 41647763)
41. Ferro JM, Correia M, Rosas MJ, Pinto AN, Neves G. Seizures in cerebral vein and dural sinus thrombosis. Cerebrovasc Dis 2003;15:78-83. (Pubitemid 36131902)
42. Annegers JF, Hauser WA, Beghi E, Nicolosi A, Kurland LT. The risk of unprovoked seizures after encephalitis and meningitis. Neurology 1988;38:1407-1410 (Pubitemid 18217466)
43. Pitkanen A, Schwartzkroin PA, Moshé SL, editors. Models of seizures and epilepsy. Elsevier Academic Press; 2006.
44. Arida RM, Silva AV, Priel MR, Cavalheiro EA. Animal models of epilepsy. In: Tatlisumak T, Fisher M, editors. Handbook of Experimental Neurology: Methods and Techniques in Animal Research. Cambridge University Press; 2006.
45. Da Costa JC, Palmini A, Yacubian EMT, Cavalheiro EA. Fundamentos neurobiológicos das epilepsias: aspectos clínicos e cirúrgicos. São Paulo: Lemos Editorial; 1998.
46. Pitkanen A, Kharatishvili I, Karhunen H, Lukasiuk K, Immonen R, Nairismagi J, Grohn O, Nissinen J. Epileptogenesis in Experimental Models. Epilepsia 2007;48(suppl 2):13-20.
47. Holtkamp M, Meierkord H. Anticonvulsant, antiepileptogenic, and antiictogenic Pharmacostrategies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2007;64:2023-2041
48. Pitkanen A. Drug-mediated neuroprotection and antiepileptogenesis: animal data. Neurology 2002;59(suppl 5):S27-S33. (Pubitemid 35285972)
49. Cavalheiro EA, Leite JP, Bortolotto ZA, Turski WA, Ikonomidou C, Turski L. Long-term effects of pilocarpine in rats: structural damage of the brain triggers kindling and spontaneous recurrent seizures. Epilepsia 1991;32:778-782
50. Lemos T, Cavalheiro EA. Suppression of pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus and the late development of epilepsy in rats. Exp Brain Res 1995;102:423-428
51. Bolanos AR, Sarkisian M, Yang Y, Hori A, Helmers SL, Mikati M, Tandon P, Stafstrom CE, Holmes GL. Comparison of valproate and Phenobarbital treatment after status epilepticus in rats. Neurology 1998;51:41-48 (Pubitemid 28345357)
52. Brandt C, Gastens AM, Sun M, Hausknecht M, Loscher W. Treatment with valproate after status epilepticus: effect on neuronal damage, epileptogenesis, and behavioral alterations in rats. Neuropharmacology 2006;51:789-804. (Pubitemid 44286933)
53. Capella HM, Lemos T. Effect on epileptogenesis of carbamazepine treatment during the silent period of the pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Epilepsia 2002;43(suppl 5):110-111 (Pubitemid 34864216)
54. Halonen T, Nissinen J, Pitkanen A. Effect of lamotrigine treatment on status epilepticus-induced neuronal damage and memory impairment in rat. Epilepsy Res 2001;46:205-223 (Pubitemid 32772811)
55. Halonen T, Nissinen J, Pitkanen A. Chronic elevation of brain GABA levels beginning two days after status epilepticus does not prevent epileptogenesis in rats. Neuropharmacology 2001;40:536-550 (Pubitemid 32209039)
56. Andre V, Ferrandon A, Marescaux C, Nehlig A. Vigabatrin protects against hippocampal damage but is not antiepileptogenic in the lithium-pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2001;47:99-117. (Pubitemid 32973652)
57. Hort J, Brozek G, Mares P, Langmeier M, Komarek V. Cognitive functions after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus: changes during silent period precede appearance of spontaneous recurrent seizures. Epilepsia 1999;40:1177-1183 (Pubitemid 29416385)
58. Klitgaard H, Matagne A, Vanneste-Goemaere J, Margineanu DG. Effects of prolonged administration of levetiracetam on pilocarpine-induced epileptogenesis in rat. Epilepsia 2001;42(suppl 7):1145.
59. Brandt C, Potschka H, Loscher W, Ebert U. Nmethyl-D-aspartate receptor blockade after status epilepticus protects against limbic brain damage but not against epilepsy in the kainate model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Neuroscience 2003;118:727-740 (Pubitemid 36506960)
60. Mamelle N, Mamelle JC, Plasse JC, Revol M, Gilly R. Prevention of recurrent febrile convulsions - a randomized therapeutic assay: sodium valproate, Phenobarbital and placebo. Neuropediatrics 1984; 15:37-42.
61. Camfield PR, Camfield CS, Shapiro SH, Cummings C. The first febrile seizure - antipyretic instruction plus either phenobarbital or placebo to prevent recurrence. J Pediatr 19;8097:16-21.
62. Thilothammal N, Kannan Krishnamurthy PV, Kamala KG, Ahamed S, Banu K. Role of phenobarbitone in preventing recurrence of febrile convulsions. Indian Pediatr 1993;30:637-642 (Pubitemid 23185168)
63. Wolf SM, Carr A, Davis DC, Davidson S, Dale EP, Forsythe A, Goldenberg ED, Hanson R, Lulejian GA, Nelson MA, et al. The value of phenobarbital in the child who has had a single febrile seizure: a controlled prospective study. Pediatrics 1977; 59:378-385 (Pubitemid 8059253)
64. White NJ. Notmuch progress in treatment of cerebral malaria. Lancet 1998;352:594-595
65. D'Onofrio G, Rathlev NK, Ulrich AS, Fish SS, Freedland ES. Lorazepam for the prevention of recurrent seizures related to alcohol. N Engl J Med 1999;340:915-919 (Pubitemid 29141052)
66. Lee ST, Lui TN, Chang CN, Cheng WC, Wang DJ, Heimburger RF, Lin CG. Prophylactic anticonvulsants for prevention of immediate and early postcraniotomy seizures. Surg Neurol 1989;31:361-364
67. North JB, Penhall RK, Hanieh A, Frewin DB, Taylor WB. Phenytoin and postoperative epilepsy. A double-blind study. J Neurosurg 1983;58:672-677 (Pubitemid 13131507)
68. Temkin NR, Dikmen SS, Wilensky AJ, Keihm J, Chabal S, Winn HR. A randomized, doubleblind study of phenytoin for the prevention of post-traumatic seizures. N Engl J Med 1990;323:497-502. (Pubitemid 20260049)