Understanding White Americans' perceptions of racism in Hurricane Katrina-related events

Group Processes and Intergroup Relations

Volumn 12, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 431-444

  O'Brien, Laurie T ^a   Blodorn, Alison ^a   Alsbrooks, AnGelica ^a   Dube, Reesa ^b   Adams, Glenn ^c   Nelson, Jessica C ^c  

^a Tulane University   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS   (United States)

Author keywords

Hurricane Katrina; Identity; Meritocracy beliefs; Perceptions of racism

Indexed keywords

EID: 70449559398     PISSN: 13684302     EISSN: 14617188     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1368430209105047     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Adams, G., Edkins, V., Lacka, D., & Pickett, K. (in press). Teaching about racism: Pernicious implications of the standard portrayal. Basic and Applied Social Psychology.
2. Adams, G., O'Brien, L.T., & Nelson, J.C. (2006). Perceptions of racism in Hurricane Katrina: A liberation psychology analysis. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 6, 215-235.
3. Adams, G., Tormala, T.T., & O'Brien, L.T. (2006). The effect of self-affirmation on perception of racism. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42, 616-626.
4. Bohrnstedt, G.W. (1969). Observations on the measurement of change. In E. Borgatta (Ed.), Sociological methodology (pp. 113-133). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
5. Branscombe, N.R., Schmitt, M.T., & Harvey, R.D. (1999). Perceiving pervasive discrimination among African Americans: Implications for group identification and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77, 135-149.
6. Brodish, A.B., Brazy, P.C., & Devine, P.G. (2008). More eyes on the prize: Variability in White Americans' perceptions of progress toward racial equality. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 513-527.
7. Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
8. Crandall, C.S., Eshleman, A., & O'Brien, L. (2002). Social norms and the expression and suppression of prejudice: The struggle for internalization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 359-378.
9. Crandall, C.S., & Martinez, R. (1996). Culture, ideology, and antifat attitudes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 1165-1176.
10. Cronbach, L.J., & Furby, L. (1970). How we should measure change-Or should we? Psychological Bulletin, 74, 32-49.
11. Dach-Gruschow, K., & Hong, Y. (2006). The racial divide in response to the aftermath of Katrina: A boundary condition for common ingroup identity model. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 6, 125-141.
12. Deaux, K. (1996). Social identification. In E. T. Higgins & A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 777-798). New York: Guilford Press.
13. Dovidio, J.F., & Gaertner, S.L. (2004). Aversive racism. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 36, pp. 1-52). San Diego, CA: Elsevier Academic Press.
14. Dovidio, J.F., Gaertner, S.E., Kawakami, K., & Hodson, G. (2002). Why can't we just get along? Interpersonal biases and interracial distrust. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 8, 88-102.
15. Eibach, R.P., & Ehrlinger, J. (2006). 'Keep your eyes on the prize': Reference points and racial differences in assessing progress toward equality. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32, 66-77.
16. Esses, V.M., & Hodson, G. (2006). The role of lay perceptions of ethnic prejudice in the maintenance and perpetuation of ethnic bias. Journal of Social Issues, 62, 453-468.
17. Feagin, J.R. & Vera, H. (1995). White racism. New York: Routledge.
18. Gaertner, S., & Dovidio, J. (2000). Reducing intergroup bias: The common ingroup identity model. New York: Psychology Press.
19. Henkel, K.E., Dovidio, J.F., & Gaertner, S.L. (2006). Institutional discrimination, individual racism, and Hurricane Katrina. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 6, 99-124.
20. Hornsey, M.J. (2006). Ingroup critics and their influence on groups. In T. Postmes & J. Jetten (Eds.), Individuality and the group: Advances in social identity (pp. 74-91). London: Sage.
21. Iyer, A., Leach, C.W., & Crosby, F.J. (2003). White guilt and racial compensation: The benefits and limits of self-focus. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29, 117-129.
22. Jones, J. (1997). Prejudice and racism (2nd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
23. Jost, J.T., & Hunyady, O. (2002). The psychology of system justification and the palliative function of ideology. In W. Stroebe & M. Hewstone (Eds.), European review of social psychology (Vol. 13, pp. 111-153). Hove: Psychology Press.
24. Kaiser, C., Eccleston, C.P., & Hagiwara, N. (2008). Post-Hurricane Katrina racialized explanations as a system threat: Implications for Whites' and Blacks' racial attitudes. Social Justice Research, 21, 192-203.
25. Klein, N. (2008) The shock doctrine: The rise of disaster capitalism. New York: Metropolitan Books.
26. Kluegel, J.R., & Bobo, L. (1993). Dimensions of whites' beliefs about the black-white socioeconomic gap. In P. M. Sniderman, P. E. Tetlock, & E. G. Carmines (Eds.), Prejudice, politics, and the American dilemma. (pp. 127-147). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
27. Kluegel, J.R., & Smith, E.R. (1986). Beliefs about inequality: Americans' views of what is and what ought to be. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter.
28. Kunda, Z. (1990). The case for motivated reasoning. Psychological Bulletin, 108, 480-498.
29. Lerner, M.J. (1980). The belief in a just world: A fundamental delusion. New York: Plenum Press.
30. Luhtanen, R., & Crocker, J. (1992). A collective self-esteem scale: Self-evaluation of one's social identity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18, 302-318.
31. Major, B., Kaiser, C.R., O'Brien, L.T., & McCoy, S.K. (2007). Perceived discrimination as worldview threat or worldview confirmation: Implications for self-esteem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(6), 1068-1086.
32. Major, B., Quinton, W. J., & McCoy, S. K. (2002). Antecedents and consequences of attributions to discrimination: Theoretical and empirical advances. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 34,. pp. 251-330). San Diego, CA: Academic Press. Myers, D. (2005). Social psychology (8th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
33. O'Brien, L.T., Crandall, C.S., Horstman-Reser, A., Warner, R., Alsbrooks, A., & Blodorn, A. (in press). But I'm no bigot: How prejudiced Americans maintain unprejudiced self-images. Journal of Applied Social Psychology.
34. O'Brien, L.T., & Major, B. (2005). System-justifying beliefs and psychological well-being: The roles of group status and identity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 1718-1729.
35. Packer, D.J. (2008). On being with us and against us: A normative conflict model of dissent in social groups. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 12, 50-72.
36. Page, S., & Puente, M. (2005). Poll shows racial divide on storm response. USA Today, September 12. Accessed on September 12, 2005 from http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2005-09-12-katrina-poll_x.htm.
37. Pew Research Center for People and the Press (2005). Huge racial divide over Katrina and its consequences, September 8. Accessed on October 17, 2005 from http://people-press.org/reports/pdf/255.
38. Plant, E.A., & Devine, P.G. (1998). Internal and external motivation to respond without prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75, 811-832.
39. Powell, A.A., Branscombe, N.R., & Schmitt, M.T. (2005). Inequality as ingroup privilege or outgroup disadvantage: The impact of group focus on collective guilt and interracial attitudes. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 31, 508-521.
40. Ruscher, J.B. (2006). Stranded by Katrina: Past and present. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 6, 33-38.
41. Schuman, H., Steeh, C., Bobo, L., & Krysan, M. (1997). Racial attitudes in America: Trends and interpretations. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
42. Sellers, R.M., & Shelton, J.N. (2003). The role of racial identity in perceived racial discrimination. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 1079-1092.
43. Sidanius, J., & Prattto, F. (1999). Social dominance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
44. Sommers, S.R., Apfelbaum, E.P., Dukes, K.N., Toosi, N., & Wang, E.J. (2006). Race and media coverage of Hurricane Katrina: Analysis, implications, and future research questions. Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy, 6, 39-55.
45. Sommers, S.R., & Norton, M.I. (2006). Lay theories about white racists: What constitutes racism (and what doesn't). Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 9, 117-138.
46. Swim, J.K., & Miller, D.L. (1999). White guilt: Its antecedents and consequences for attitudes toward affirmative action. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25, 500-514.
47. Tajfel, H., & Turner, J.C. (1986). The social identity theory of intergroup behaviour. In S. Worchel & W. G. Austin (Eds.), Psychology of intergroup relations. Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
48. Unzueta, M.M., & Lowery, B.S. (2008). Defining racism safely: The role of self-image maintenance on White Americans' conceptions of racism. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44, 1491-1497.