Equality in the making: Implementing European non-discrimination law

Citizenship Studies

Volumn 13, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 527-549

  Guiraudon, Virginie ^a  

^a University CERAPS UMR CNRS 8026   (France)

Author keywords

Citizenship; Discrimination; Equality; Ethnic monitoring; European Union

Indexed keywords

CITIZENSHIP; EMPOWERMENT; ETHNIC MINORITY; ETHNICITY; EUROPEAN UNION; LEGISLATIVE IMPLEMENTATION;

EURASIA; EUROPE;

EID: 70449408081     PISSN: 13621025     EISSN: 14693593     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13621020903174696     Document Type: Article

References (84)

1. Abelès, M., 2005. Identity and borders: An anthropological approach to EU institutions. 21st Century Studies, Milwaukee, Online working papers from the University of Wisconsin (1/4) URL. Available from: http://minds.wisconsin.edu/handle/1793/28962 [Accessed 21 April 2009].
2. Alter, K. and Vargas, J., 2000. Explaining variation in the use of European litigation strategies. European Community law and British gender equality policy. Comparative political studies, 33 (4), 452-482.
3. Amiraux, V. and Simon, P., 2006. There are no minorities here. Cultures of scholarship and public debate on immigrants and integration in France. International journal of comparative sociology, 47(3/4), 191-215.
4. Balibar, E., 2001. Nous, citoyens d'Europe? Les frontières, l'État, le people (We, the people of Europe? Reflections on transnational citizenship). Paris: La découverte.
5. Barry, B., 2001. Culture & equality: An egalitarian critique of multiculturalism. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
6. Bell, M., 2002. Beyond European labour law? Reflections on the EU racial equality directive. European law journal, 8 (3), 384-399.
7. Bell, M., 2008. The implementation of the European anti-discrimination directives: Converging towards a common model? Political quarterly, 79 (1), 36-44.
8. Bell, M., 2009. Racism and equality in the European Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
9. Bell, M. and Kjellstrand, S., eds, 2004. Critical review of academic literature relating to the EU directives discrimination directives to combat discrimination. Brussels: European Commission.
10. Bell, M. and Waddington, L., 2003. Reflecting on inequalities in European equality law. European law review, 28, 349-369.
11. Bell, M., Chopin, I. and Palmer, F., 2006. Developing anti-discrimination law in Europe: The 25 EU Member States compared. Brussels: European Commission.
12. Bell, M., Chopin, I. and Palmer, F., 2007. Developing anti-discrimination law in Europe: The 25 EU Member States compared. Brussels: European Commission.
13. Bendix, R., 1964. Nation-building and citizenship. Studies of our changing social order. New York: Wiley.
14. Benichou, S., Kohler, I. and Sabbagh, D., 2009. Égalité de traitement dans l'emploi: Les enseignements de l'expérience américaine dans la lutte contre les discriminations fondées sur l'origine (Equal opportunity in the workplace: Lessons from the American experience on race-based discrimination). Paris: French-American Foundation.
15. Bertossi, C., 2007. European anti-discrimination and the politics of citizenship: Britain and France. Basingstoke: Palgrave.
16. Bigo, D., Carrera, S., Guild, E. and Walker, R.B.J., 2007. The changing landscape of European liberty and security: Mid-term report on the results of the CHALLENGE Project, CEPS CHALLENGE Paper Series, No. 4, 14 February.
17. Bleich, E., 2003. Race politics in Britain and France: Ideas and policymaking since the 1960s. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
18. Brubaker, R., 1992. Citizenship and nationhood in France and Germany. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
19. Brubaker, R. and Cooper, F., 2000. Beyond 'identity'. Theory and society, 29, 1-47.
20. Burri, S. and Konijn, Y., 2003. 'Implementatie van de EG-Richtlijn over de instelling van een Algemeen Kader voor Gelijke Behandeling in Arbeid en Beroep. Een tussenstand' ('Implementation of the EC Employment Framework Directive - the score so far'). Nemesis, No. 1, 23-27.
21. Chalmers, D., 2001. The mistakes of the good European? In: S. Fredman, P. Alston and G. de Bu ́rca, eds. Discrimination and human rights: The case of racism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 193-250.
22. Checkel, J., 2001. Why comply? Social learning and European identity change. International organization, 55 (3), 553-588.
23. Cholewinski, R., 2002. Borders and discrimination in the European Union. London: ILPA.
24. Cichowski, R., 2007. The European court and civil society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
25. Conant, L., 2002. Justice contained. Law and politics in the European Union. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
26. Cormack, J. and Bell, M., 2005. Developing anti-discrimination law in Europe. The 25 EUmember states compared. Brussels: European Network of Independent Experts in the Anti-Discrimination Field (European Human Consultancy Migration Policy Group).
27. Council of the European Communities, 1989. Resolution of the Council of Ministers for Social Affairs on combating social exclusion (89/c277/01). Luxembourg, Official journal of the European Communities C 277.
28. Council of the European Union, 1999. Presidency conclusions - Tampere European Council 15 and 16 October 1999. Available from: http://ue.eu.int/ueDocs/cms_Data/docs/pressData/en/ec/00200-r1.en9.htm [Accessed 10 August 2009].
29. de Búrca, G., 2006. EU race discrimination law: A hybrid model? In: G. de Búrca and J. Scott, eds. Law and new governance in the EU and the US. Oxford: Hart, 97-120.
30. de Schutter, O., 2006. Three models of equality and European anti-discrimination law. Northern Ireland legal quarterly, 57 (1), 1-56.
31. de Schutter, O. and Ringelheim, J., 2008. Ethnic profiling: A rising challenge for European human rights law. Modern law review, 71 (3), 358-384.
32. de Witte, B., 2002. Politics versus law in the EU's approach to ethnic minorities. In: J. Zielonka, ed. Europe unbound. New York: Routledge, 137-159.
33. de Witte, B., 2009. From a 'common principle of equality' to 'European anti-discrimination law. In: V. Amiraux and V. Guiraudon, eds. Discrimination in comparative perspective: Policies and practices. Special issue of American behavioral scientist (forthcoming).
34. Epp, C., 1998. The rights revolution. Lawyers, activists, and Supreme Courts in comparative perspective. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
35. European Commission, 1997. Agenda 2000 The challenge of enlargement. COM(97) 2000 final. Brussels: Commission of the European Communities.
36. Falkner, G., Treib, O., Hartlapp, M. and Leiber, S., 2005. Complying with Europe. EU harmonisation and soft law in the member states. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
37. Favell, A., 2001. Philosophies of integration: Immigration and the idea of citizenship in France and Britain. 2nd rev. ed. London: Palgrave.
38. Favell, A., 2008. Eurostars and eurocities: Free movement and mobility in an integrating Europe. London: Blackwell.
39. Fredman, S., 2001. Equality: A new generation? Industrial law journal, 30 (2), 145-168.
40. Geddes, A., 2001. Lobbying for migrant inclusion in the European Union: New opportunities for transnational advocacy. Journal of European public policy, 7 (4), 632-649.
41. Geddes, A. and Guiraudon, V., 2004. Britain, France, and EU antidiscrimination policy: The emergence of an EU policy paradigm. West European politics, 27 (2), 334-353.
42. Glazer, N., 1986. Ethnic dilemmas, 1964-1982. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
43. Guiraudon, V., 2001. The Marshallian Triptych reordered: The role of courts and bureaucracies in furthering migrants' social rights. In: M. Bommes and A. Geddes, eds. Immigration and welfare. Challenging the borders of the welfare state. London: Routledge, 72-89.
44. Guiraudon, V., 2003. The constitution of a European immigration policy domain: A political sociology approach. Journal of European public policy, 10 (2), 263-282.
45. Guiraudon, V., 2004. Construire une politique européenne de lutte contre les discriminations: L'histoire de la directive 'race' (Constructing a European antidiscrimination policy: The case of the race directive). Sociétés contemporaines, no. 53, 11-32.
46. Guiraudon, V., 2009. Multiculturalism and European law. In: R. Kastoryano, ed. An identity for Europe. The relevance of multiculturalism in EU construction. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 131-157.
47. Guiraudon, V., Phalet, K., and Ter Wal, J., 2005. Monitoring ethnic minorities in the Netherlands. Measuring discrimination. International social science journal, 183, 75-87.
48. Hall, P. A., 1993. Policy paradigms, social learning, and the state: The case of economic policymaking in Britain. Comparative politics, 25 (3), 275-296.
49. Haverland, M., 2005. Does the EU cause domestic developments? The problem of case selection in Europeanization research. European integration online papers, 9 (2), http://eiop.or.at/eiop/texte/2005-002.htm#5 [Accessed 12 August 2009].
50. Hughes, J. and Sasse, G., 2003. Monitoring the monitors. EU enlargement conditionality and minority protection in the CEECs. Journal of ethnopolitics and minority issues in Europe, 1 (1), 1-37.
51. Joppke, C., 2007. Transformation of immigrant integration: Civic integration and antidiscrimination in the Netherlands, France and Germany. World politics, 59 (2), 243-273.
52. Kahn, J. 1995. European Council Consultative Committee on Racism and Xenophobia Final Report. Brussels: General Secretariat of the Council of the European Union.
53. Kelemen, R.D. and Sibbitt, E.C., 2004. The globalization of American law. International organization, 58 (1), 103-136.
54. Kelley, J., 2004. Ethnic politics in Europe: The power of norms and incentives. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
55. Kymlicka, W., 2007. Multicultural odysseys: Navigating the new international of diversity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
56. Lefranc, A., 2009. Unequal opportunities and ethnic origin: The labor market outcomes of second-generation immigrants in France. In: V. Amiraux and V. Guiraudon, eds. Discrimination in comparative perspective: Policies and practices. Special issue of American behavioral scientist (forthcoming).
57. Leighley, J.A. and Vedliz, A., 1999. Race, ethnicity and political participation. Competing models and contrasting explanations. The journal of politics, 61 (4), 1092-1114.
58. Lentin, A., 2008. Europe and the silence about race. European journal of social theory, 11 (4), 487-503.
59. Lijphart, A., 1997. Unequal participation: Democracy's unresolved dilemma. The American political science review, 91 (1), 1-14.
60. Lovenduski, J., ed., 2005. State feminism and political representation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
61. Maas, W., 2008. Migrants, states, and EU citizenship's unfulfilled promise. Citizenship studies, 12 (6), 583-596.
62. Marshall, T.H., 1950. Social class and citizenship and other essays. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
63. Masselot, A., 2004. The new equal treatment directive: Plus ça change Feminist legal studies, 12 (1), 93-104.
64. Meenan, H., ed., 2007. Equality law in an enlarged European Union: Understanding the Article 13 directives. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
65. Mérand, F., 2008. European defence policy: Beyond the nation state. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
66. Nivière, D., 2005. Négocier une statistique européenne: Le cas de la pauvreté (Negotiating a European indicator: The case of poverty). Quantifier. Genèses, 58, 28-47.
67. Orloff, A., 1993. Gender and the social rights of citizenship. The comparative analysis of gender relations and welfare states. American sociological review, 58 (3), 303-328.
68. Parekh, B., 1998. Equality in a multicultural society. Citizenship studies, 2 (3), 397-411.
69. Pateman, C., 1988. The disorder of women. Cambridge: Polity.
70. Peer, S. and Sabbagh, D., eds, 2008. French color-blindness in perspective: The controversy over statistiques ethniques. French culture, politics and society, 26 (1).
71. Reflection Group, 1995. A strategy for Europe. Final report, Brussels, 5 December. Available at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/enlargement/cu/agreements/reflex4_en.htm [Accessed 12 August 2009].
72. Ringelheim, J., 2006. Diversité culturelle et droits de l'homme. La protection des minorités par la Convention européenne des droits de l'homme (Cultural diversity and human rights: The protection of minorities under the European Human Rights Convention). Brussels: Bruylant.
73. Sabbagh, D., 2002. Affirmative action at Sciences Po. French politics, culture, and society, 20 (3), 52-64.
74. Sabbagh, D., 2007. Equality and transparency: A strategic perspective on affirmative action in American law. New York: Palgrave.
75. Schiek, D., ed., 2007. Allgemeines Gleichbehandlungsgesetz - Ein Kommentar in Europäischer Perspektive (The equal opportunity act: A commentary from a European perspective). Munich: Sellier.
76. Schimmelfennig, F. and Sedelmeier, U., 2004. Governance by conditionality: EU rule transfer to the candidate countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Journal of European public policy, 11 (4), 661-679.
77. Simon, P., 2007. Comment la lutte contre les discriminations est-elle passée à droite? (How the fight against discrimination became a right-wing issue) Mouvements, 52. [online], 17 December. Available at: http://www.mouvements.info/spip.php?article225 [Accessed 12 August 2009].
78. Simon, P. et al., 2004. Comparative study on the collection of data to measure the extent and impact of discrimination within the United States, Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. Programme MEDIS. Brussels: European Commission, September.
79. Starting Line Group, 1997. Proposals for legislative measures to combat racism and to promote equal rights in the European Union. Brussels: Starting Line Group.
80. Stavo-Debauge, J., 2009. Venir à la communauté: Une sociologie de l'hospitalité et de l'appartenance, (Getting to the 'community': A sociology of hospitality and belonging), Dissertation (Ph.D.) EHESS.
81. Suk, J. 2008. Procedural path dependence: Discrimination and the civil/criminal divide. Washington University law review, 85 (6), 1314-1371.
82. Tesoka, S., 1999. Judicial politics in the European Union: Its impact on national opportunity structures for gender equality. MPIfG Discussion Paper, 99/2, September. Cologne: Max Planck Institute for Social Research.
83. Treib, O., 2006. Les conflits politiques en Allemagne autour de la transposition de la directive européenne contre le racisme (Political conflicts in Germany over the transposition of the race directive). Critique internationale, 33, 27-38.
84. Vink, M., 2001. The limited Europeanization of domestic citizenship policy: Evidence from the Netherlands. Journal of common market studies, 39 (5), 875-896.