메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 34, Issue 4, 2004, Pages 469-499

The emergence of the silent witness: The legal and medical reception of X-rays in the USA

Author keywords

Defensive medicine; Expert testimony; Professionalization of radiology; Science and law; Scientific evidence; Visual evidence

Indexed keywords

EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FORENSIC MEDICINE; HISTORY; JURISPRUDENCE; REVIEW; UNITED STATES; X RAY;

EID: 7044222498     PISSN: 03063127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0306312704045705     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (37)

References (125)
  • 1
    • 7044247538 scopus 로고
    • The roentgenologist is a medical specialist, and all roentgen plates, prints, tracing, and other documents are his sole property
    • Albers-Schoenberg, H. (1914) 'The Roentgenologist is a Medical Specialist, and All Roentgen Plates, Prints, Tracing, and other Documents are his Sole Property', Archives of the Roentgen Ray 19: 94-97.
    • (1914) Archives of the Roentgen Ray , vol.19 , pp. 94-97
    • Albers-Schoenberg, H.1
  • 2
    • 7044245836 scopus 로고
    • The admissibility of photographs as evidence
    • Anderson, John H. (1929) 'The Admissibility of Photographs as Evidence', North Carolina Law Review 7: 443-49.
    • (1929) North Carolina Law Review , vol.7 , pp. 443-449
    • Anderson, J.H.1
  • 4
    • 0040959984 scopus 로고
    • Expert testimony
    • Anonymous (1870) 'Expert Testimony', American Law Journal 5: 227-46, 428-42.
    • (1870) American Law Journal , vol.5 , pp. 227-246
  • 5
    • 7044286078 scopus 로고
    • First radiograph in evidence
    • Anonymous (1898) 'First Radiograph in Evidence', American X-Ray Journal 2: 155.
    • (1898) American X-Ray Journal , vol.2 , pp. 155
  • 6
    • 0038909533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The high-vacuum x-ray tube: Technological change in social context
    • Arns, Robert G. (1997) 'The High-Vacuum X-Ray Tube: Technological Change in Social Context', Technology and Culture 38: 852-90.
    • (1997) Technology and Culture , vol.38 , pp. 852-890
    • Arns, R.G.1
  • 8
    • 7044260637 scopus 로고
    • Errors caused by false interpretation of the roentgen rays, and their medico-legal aspects
    • Beck, Carl (1900) 'Errors Caused by False Interpretation of the Roentgen Rays, and their Medico-Legal Aspects', Medical Record 58: 285.
    • (1900) Medical Record , vol.58 , pp. 285
    • Beck, C.1
  • 10
    • 84983471383 scopus 로고
    • The derivative relevance of demonstrative evidence: Charting its proper evidentiary status
    • Brain, Robert D. & Daniel J. Broderick (1992) 'The Derivative Relevance of Demonstrative Evidence: Charting its Proper Evidentiary Status', University of California at Davis Law Review 25: 957-1012
    • (1992) University of California at Davis Law Review , vol.25 , pp. 957-1012
    • Brain, R.D.1    Broderick, D.J.2
  • 13
    • 7044254850 scopus 로고
    • Roentgen's discovery - Its application in medicine
    • Cattell, H.W. (1896) 'Roentgen's Discovery - Its Application in Medicine', Medical News 68: 169-70.
    • (1896) Medical News , vol.68 , pp. 169-170
    • Cattell, H.W.1
  • 14
    • 0000909062 scopus 로고
    • Galileo's retort: Peter Huber's junk scholarship
    • Chesebro, Kenneth J. (1993) 'Galileo's Retort: Peter Huber's Junk Scholarship', American University Law Review 42: 1637-726.
    • (1993) American University Law Review , vol.42 , pp. 1637-1726
    • Chesebro, K.J.1
  • 15
    • 0032258625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Witnessing identification: Latent fingerprinting, evidence and expert knowledge
    • Cole, Simon (1998) 'Witnessing Identification: Latent Fingerprinting, Evidence and Expert Knowledge', Social Studies of Science 28(5/6): 713-40.
    • (1998) Social Studies of Science , vol.28 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 713-40
    • Cole, S.1
  • 16
    • 0033244317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What counts as identity? The historical origins and methodology of latent fingerprinting identification
    • Cole, Simon (1999) 'What Counts as Identity? The Historical Origins and Methodology of Latent Fingerprinting Identification', Science in Context 12: 139-72.
    • (1999) Science in Context , vol.12 , pp. 139-172
    • Cole, S.1
  • 17
    • 6744259925 scopus 로고
    • Origins of medico-legal and forensic roentgenology
    • A. Bruwer (ed.), (Springfield, IL: Thomas)
    • Collins, Vincent P. (1964) 'Origins of Medico-legal and Forensic Roentgenology', in A. Bruwer (ed.), Classic Descriptions in Diagnostic Roentgenology, vol. 2 (Springfield, IL: Thomas): 1578-1604.
    • (1964) Classic Descriptions in Diagnostic Roentgenology , vol.2 , pp. 1578-1604
    • Collins, V.P.1
  • 18
    • 0032261041 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evidence does not speak for itself: Expert witnesses and the organization of DNA - Typing companies
    • Daemmrich, Arthur (1998) 'The Evidence Does not Speak for Itself: Expert Witnesses and the Organization of DNA - Typing Companies', Social Studies of Science 28(5/6): 741-72.
    • (1998) Social Studies of Science , vol.28 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 741-772
    • Daemmrich, A.1
  • 19
    • 84966854808 scopus 로고
    • The image of objectivity
    • Daston, Lorraine & Peter Galison (1992) 'The Image of Objectivity', Representations 40: 81-128.
    • (1992) Representations , vol.40 , pp. 81-128
    • Daston, L.1    Galison, P.2
  • 22
    • 0033244314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objective brains, prejudicial images
    • Dumit, Joseph (1999) 'Objective Brains, Prejudicial Images', Science in Context 12: 173-202.
    • (1999) Science in Context , vol.12 , pp. 173-202
    • Dumit, J.1
  • 23
    • 7044274303 scopus 로고
    • Science in the courts
    • Editorial (1872) 'Science in the Courts', Scientific American 26: 167.
    • (1872) Scientific American , vol.26 , pp. 167
  • 25
    • 7044274304 scopus 로고
    • Photographs as evidence
    • Editorial (1894) 'Photographs as Evidence', Minnesota Law Review 2: 91-96.
    • (1894) Minnesota Law Review , vol.2 , pp. 91-96
  • 26
    • 7044262302 scopus 로고
    • Smith v. Grant, shadowgraphs as evidence
    • Editorial (1896a) 'Smith v. Grant, Shadowgraphs as Evidence', Chicago Legal News 29: 145.
    • (1896) Chicago Legal News , vol.29 , pp. 145
  • 27
    • 7044286074 scopus 로고
    • A new kind of light
    • 15 February
    • Editorial (1896b) 'A New Kind of Light', Journal of the American Medical Association (15 February); reprinted in Radiology 45 (1945): 436.
    • (1896) Journal of the American Medical Association
  • 28
    • 7044240973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • reprinted in
    • Editorial (1896b) 'A New Kind of Light', Journal of the American Medical Association (15 February); reprinted in Radiology 45 (1945): 436.
    • Radiology , vol.45 , Issue.1945 , pp. 436
  • 29
    • 7044260633 scopus 로고
    • Discussing the x-ray: Judge Lefevre's decision is said to be far reaching
    • 9 December
    • Editorial (1896c) 'Discussing the X-Ray: Judge Lefevre's Decision is Said to be Far Reaching', Rocky Mountain Daily News (9 December): 8.
    • (1896) Rocky Mountain Daily News , pp. 8
  • 30
    • 7044231231 scopus 로고
    • How shall physicians protect themselves?
    • Editorial (1897a) 'How Shall Physicians Protect Themselves?', Colorado Medical Journal 3: 34-35.
    • (1897) Colorado Medical Journal , vol.3 , pp. 34-35
  • 31
    • 7044254847 scopus 로고
    • Indemnity bond for plaintiffs in damage suits
    • Editorial (1897b) 'Indemnity Bond for Plaintiffs in Damage Suits', Colorado Medical Journal 3: 35-36, 115, 122.
    • (1897) Colorado Medical Journal , vol.3 , pp. 35-36
  • 32
    • 7044269302 scopus 로고
    • Report of the committee of the American Surgical Association on the medico-legal relations of the x-rays
    • Editorial (1900) 'Report of the Committee of the American Surgical Association on the Medico-Legal Relations of the X-Rays', American Journal of the Medical Sciences 120: 7-36.
    • (1900) American Journal of the Medical Sciences , vol.120 , pp. 7-36
  • 33
    • 0038264890 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manifest destiny: Law and science in America
    • Edmond, Gary & David Mercer (1996) 'Manifest Destiny: Law and Science in America', Metascience 10: 40-58.
    • (1996) Metascience , vol.10 , pp. 40-58
    • Edmond, G.1    Mercer, D.2
  • 34
    • 0038662419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trashing "junk science"
    • Edmond, Gary & David Mercer (1998) 'Trashing "Junk Science"', Stanford Technology Law Review 3. «http://stlr.stanford. edu/STLR/Articles/98_STLR_3/index.htm».
    • (1998) Stanford Technology Law Review , vol.3
    • Edmond, G.1    Mercer, D.2
  • 35
    • 85011167744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Juggling science: From polemic to pastiche
    • Edmond, Gary & David Mercer (1999) 'Juggling Science: From Polemic to Pastiche', Social Epistemology 13: 215-33.
    • (1999) Social Epistemology , vol.13 , pp. 215-233
    • Edmond, G.1    Mercer, D.2
  • 36
    • 0034410353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Litigation life: Law-science knowledge construction in (bendectin) mass-toxic tort litigation
    • Edmond, Gary & David Mercer (2000) 'Litigation Life: Law-Science Knowledge Construction in (Bendectin) Mass-Toxic Tort Litigation', Social Studies of Science 30(2): 265-316.
    • (2000) Social Studies of Science , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 265-316
    • Edmond, G.1    Mercer, D.2
  • 38
    • 7044264598 scopus 로고
    • Proposed changes in the law of expert Testimony
    • Eindlich, Gustav (1898) 'Proposed Changes in the Law of Expert Testimony', Pennsylvania Bar, Proceedings 189-221.
    • (1898) Pennsylvania Bar, Proceedings , pp. 189-221
    • Eindlich, G.1
  • 39
    • 7044222173 scopus 로고
    • The legal responsibility to the surgeon and practitioner which the use of the x-ray involves
    • Eliot, Ellsworth (1916) 'The Legal Responsibility to the Surgeon and Practitioner Which the Use of the X-Ray Involves', Annals of Surgery (Philadelphia) 3: 483.
    • (1916) Annals of Surgery (Philadelphia) , vol.3 , pp. 483
    • Eliot, E.1
  • 40
  • 44
    • 0038463388 scopus 로고
    • Expert testimony - Prevalent complaints and proposed remedies
    • Foster, William (1897-1898) 'Expert Testimony - Prevalent Complaints and Proposed Remedies', Harvard Law Review 11: 169-86.
    • (1897) Harvard Law Review , vol.11 , pp. 169-186
    • Foster, W.1
  • 45
    • 7044272456 scopus 로고
    • Expert testimony: Its abuse and reformation
    • Friedman, Lee (1910) 'Expert Testimony: Its Abuse and Reformation', Yale Law Journal 29: 247-57.
    • (1910) Yale Law Journal , vol.29 , pp. 247-257
    • Friedman, L.1
  • 49
    • 7044226122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The authority of shadows: The legal embrace of the x-ray
    • Golan, Tal (1998) 'The Authority of Shadows: The Legal Embrace of the X-Ray', Historical Reflections 22: 437-58.
    • (1998) Historical Reflections , vol.22 , pp. 437-458
    • Golan, T.1
  • 50
    • 0033244309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The history of scientific expert testimony in the english courtroom
    • Golan, Tal (1999) 'The History of Scientific Expert Testimony in the English Courtroom', Science in Context 12: 7-32.
    • (1999) Science in Context , vol.12 , pp. 7-32
    • Golan, T.1
  • 51
    • 0034550810 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Blood will out: Distinguishing humans from animals and scientists from charlatans in the nineteenth-century courtroom
    • Golan, Tal (2000) 'Blood will Out: Distinguishing Humans from Animals and Scientists from Charlatans in the Nineteenth-Century Courtroom', Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 31: 93-124.
    • (2000) Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences , vol.31 , pp. 93-124
    • Golan, T.1
  • 52
    • 7044235447 scopus 로고
    • The legal status of the x-ray
    • Goodrich, William W. (1903) 'The Legal Status of the X-Ray', Brooklyn Medical Journal 17: 515-17.
    • (1903) Brooklyn Medical Journal , vol.17 , pp. 515-517
    • Goodrich, W.W.1
  • 53
    • 7044254850 scopus 로고
    • Roentgen's discovery
    • Goodspeed, Arthur W. (1896) 'Roentgen's Discovery', Medical News 68: 169.
    • (1896) Medical News , vol.68 , pp. 169
    • Goodspeed, A.W.1
  • 54
    • 84981922507 scopus 로고
    • Professional vision
    • Goodwin, Charles (1994) 'Professional Vision', American Anthropologist 96: 606-33.
    • (1994) American Anthropologist , vol.96 , pp. 606-633
    • Goodwin, C.1
  • 55
    • 84970762117 scopus 로고
    • Seeing in depth
    • Goodwin, Charles (1995) 'Seeing in Depth', Social Studies of Science 25(2): 237-74.
    • (1995) Social Studies of Science , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 237-274
    • Goodwin, C.1
  • 57
    • 0023761137 scopus 로고
    • X-rays at the bar, 1896-1910
    • Halperin, Edward C. (1988) 'X-Rays at the Bar, 1896-1910', Investigative Radiology, 23: 639-46.
    • (1988) Investigative Radiology , vol.23 , pp. 639-646
    • Halperin, E.C.1
  • 58
    • 0002559691 scopus 로고
    • Historical and practical considerations regarding expert testimony
    • Hand, Learned (1901) 'Historical and Practical Considerations Regarding Expert Testimony', Harvard Law Review 15: 40-58.
    • (1901) Harvard Law Review , vol.15 , pp. 40-58
    • Hand, L.1
  • 59
    • 0039512106 scopus 로고
    • Professionalism versus capitalism: R.H. Tawney, Emile Durkheim, and C.S. Peirce on the disinterestedness of professional communities
    • Thomas L. Haskell (ed.), (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press)
    • Haskell, Thomas L. (1984) 'Professionalism versus Capitalism: R.H. Tawney, Emile Durkheim, and C.S. Peirce on the Disinterestedness of Professional Communities', in Thomas L. Haskell (ed.), The Authority of Experts: Studies in History and Theory (Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press): 180-225.
    • (1984) The Authority of Experts: Studies in History and Theory , pp. 180-225
    • Haskell, T.L.1
  • 61
    • 7044262918 scopus 로고
    • The scientific expert in forensic procedure
    • Himes, Charles F. (1893) 'The Scientific Expert in Forensic Procedure', Journal of the Franklin Institute 85: 407-36.
    • (1893) Journal of the Franklin Institute , vol.85 , pp. 407-436
    • Himes, C.F.1
  • 62
    • 0039611797 scopus 로고
    • Development of diagnostic x-ray apparatus during the first fifty years
    • Hodges, Paul C. (1945) 'Development of Diagnostic X-Ray Apparatus During the First Fifty Years', Radiology 45: 438-48.
    • (1945) Radiology , vol.45 , pp. 438-448
    • Hodges, P.C.1
  • 63
    • 7044234847 scopus 로고
    • X-rays in 1896
    • André J. Bruwer (ed.), (Springfield, IL: Thomas)
    • Holland, C. Thurstan (1964) 'X-Rays in 1896', in André J. Bruwer (ed.), Classic Descriptions in Diagnostic Roentgenology (Springfield, IL: Thomas): 70-84.
    • (1964) Classic Descriptions in Diagnostic Roentgenology , pp. 70-84
    • Holland, C.T.1
  • 67
    • 0032280121 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The eye of everyman: Witnessing DNA in the Simpson trial
    • Jasanoff, Sheila (1998) 'The Eye of Everyman: Witnessing DNA in the Simpson Trial', Social Studies of Science 28(5/6): 713-40.
    • (1998) Social Studies of Science , vol.28 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 713-740
    • Jasanoff, S.1
  • 68
    • 7044222835 scopus 로고
    • The roentgen rays in forensic medicine
    • Kassabian, Mihran (1901) 'The Roentgen Rays in Forensic Medicine', Medico-Legal Journal 1: 407-17.
    • (1901) Medico-Legal Journal , vol.1 , pp. 407-417
    • Kassabian, M.1
  • 69
    • 7044262916 scopus 로고
    • The value of the roentgen rays in the diagnosis of fractures
    • Kassabian, Mihran (1904) 'The Value of the Roentgen Rays in the Diagnosis of Fractures', Archives of the Roentgen Ray 9: 142-46.
    • (1904) Archives of the Roentgen Ray , vol.9 , pp. 142-146
    • Kassabian, M.1
  • 70
    • 7044234845 scopus 로고
    • Photographs as evidence
    • Kenner, Sumner (1905) 'Photographs as Evidence', Central Law Journal 60: 406-10.
    • (1905) Central Law Journal , vol.60 , pp. 406-410
    • Kenner, S.1
  • 71
    • 7044247536 scopus 로고
    • The proposed expert evidence bill
    • Kidd, A.M. (1914) 'The Proposed Expert Evidence Bill', California Law Review 3: 216-26.
    • (1914) California Law Review , vol.3 , pp. 216-226
    • Kidd, A.M.1
  • 72
    • 7044237133 scopus 로고
    • Expert testimony - Its origin, value, dangers and proper place in jurisprudence
    • Kinne, L. G. (1896) 'Expert Testimony - Its Origin, Value, Dangers and Proper Place in Jurisprudence', American Lawyer 201-04.
    • (1896) American Lawyer , pp. 201-204
    • Kinne, L.G.1
  • 73
    • 0039019434 scopus 로고
    • The "new light": X-rays and medical futurism
    • Joseph J. Corn (ed.), (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press)
    • Knight, Nancy (1986) 'The "New Light": X-Rays and Medical Futurism', in Joseph J. Corn (ed.), Imagining Tomorrow: History, Technology and the American Future (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press): 10-34.
    • (1986) Imagining Tomorrow: History, Technology and the American Future , pp. 10-34
    • Knight, N.1
  • 75
    • 7044220457 scopus 로고
    • Zur kenntnis der röntgenologie in den vereinigten staaten von Nord Amerika
    • Krause, Paul (1909) 'Zur Kenntnis der Röntgenologie in den Vereinigten Staaten von Nord Amerika', Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Röntgenstrahlen 13: 326-33.
    • (1909) Fortschritte auf dem Gebiete der Röntgenstrahlen , vol.13 , pp. 326-333
    • Krause, P.1
  • 76
    • 7044253233 scopus 로고
    • The present status of the roentgen ray
    • Lange, Sidney (1907) The Present Status of the Roentgen Ray', Lancet-Clinic 26 January: 79-83.
    • (1907) Lancet-Clinic , vol.26 JANUARY , pp. 79-83
    • Lange, S.1
  • 77
    • 7044224536 scopus 로고
    • Malpractice suits
    • Law, G. (1896) 'Malpractice Suits', Denver Medical Times 16: 2-11.
    • (1896) Denver Medical Times , vol.16 , pp. 2-11
    • Law, G.1
  • 78
    • 7044222836 scopus 로고
    • Photographs as evidence
    • Lawyer, George (1895) 'Photographs as Evidence', Central Law Journal 41: 52-56.
    • (1895) Central Law Journal , vol.41 , pp. 52-56
    • Lawyer, G.1
  • 79
    • 7044262915 scopus 로고
    • The application of the roentgen rays to medical diagnosis
    • Leonard, Charles L. (1897) 'The Application of the Roentgen Rays to Medical Diagnosis', Journal of the American Medical Association 29: 1157-58.
    • (1897) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.29 , pp. 1157-1158
    • Leonard, C.L.1
  • 80
    • 84937367397 scopus 로고
    • What reliance can be placed upon the image produced by the x-ray from a medico-legal standpoint?
    • Leonard, Charles L. (1901) 'What Reliance Can be Placed Upon the Image Produced by the X-Ray from a Medico-Legal Standpoint?', Proceedings of the Medical Society of New Jersey 267-77.
    • (1901) Proceedings of the Medical Society of New Jersey , pp. 267-277
    • Leonard, C.L.1
  • 81
    • 7044269304 scopus 로고
    • The past, present and future of the röntgen ray
    • Leonard, Charles L. (1905) 'The Past, Present and Future of the Röntgen Ray', American Medicine 10: 1082-85.
    • (1905) American Medicine , vol.10 , pp. 1082-1085
    • Leonard, C.L.1
  • 82
    • 0026764532 scopus 로고
    • The perils of "x-ray vision": How radiographic images have historically influenced perception
    • Lerner, Barron H. (1992) 'The Perils of "X-Ray Vision": How Radiographic Images Have Historically Influenced Perception', Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 35: 382-97.
    • (1992) Perspectives in Biology and Medicine , vol.35 , pp. 382-397
    • Lerner, B.H.1
  • 83
    • 84992791822 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The discursive production of uncertainty: The OJ Simpson "dream team" and the sociology of knowledge machine
    • Lynch, Michael (1998) 'The Discursive Production of Uncertainty: The OJ Simpson "Dream Team" and the Sociology of Knowledge Machine', Social Studies of Science 28(5/6): 713-40.
    • (1998) Social Studies of Science , vol.28 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 713-740
    • Lynch, M.1
  • 84
    • 7044245834 scopus 로고
    • 72 vols (New York: American Law Book Co.)
    • Mack, W. (ed.) (1914-1922) Corpus Juris, 72 vols (New York: American Law Book Co.).
    • (1914) Corpus Juris
    • Mack, W.1
  • 86
    • 7044262304 scopus 로고
    • Silent witness evidence in relation to the illustrative evidence foundation
    • McNeal, James (1984) 'Silent Witness Evidence in Relation to the Illustrative Evidence Foundation', Oklahoma Law Review 37: 219-44.
    • (1984) Oklahoma Law Review , vol.37 , pp. 219-244
    • McNeal, J.1
  • 87
    • 0009115134 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The image of truth: Photographic evidence and the power of analogy
    • Mnookin, Jennifer L. (1998) 'The Image of Truth: Photographic Evidence and the Power of Analogy', Yale Journal of Law and the Humanities 10: 1-74.
    • (1998) Yale Journal of Law and the Humanities , vol.10 , pp. 1-74
    • Mnookin, J.L.1
  • 90
    • 7044224535 scopus 로고
    • Testimony of experts
    • Morrison, Remick Waite (1874) 'Testimony of Experts', The Western Jurist 8: 129-35.
    • (1874) The Western Jurist , vol.8 , pp. 129-135
    • Morrison, R.W.1
  • 91
    • 7044235446 scopus 로고
    • Appointment of expert witnesses by the court
    • Note (1910-1911) 'Appointment of Expert Witnesses by the Court', Harvard Law Review 24: 483-84.
    • (1910) Harvard Law Review , vol.24 , pp. 483-484
  • 92
    • 7044260635 scopus 로고
    • Case note: Evidence - Adoption of the "silent witness theory" - Bergner v. state
    • Olson, Edward V. (1980) 'Case Note: Evidence - Adoption of the "Silent Witness Theory" - Bergner v. State', Indiana Law Review 13: 1025-53.
    • (1980) Indiana Law Review , vol.13 , pp. 1025-1053
    • Olson, E.V.1
  • 93
    • 84995069459 scopus 로고
    • Knowledge of shadows: The introduction of x-ray images in medicine
    • Pasveer, Bernike (1989) 'Knowledge of Shadows: The Introduction of X-Ray Images in Medicine', Sociology of Health and Illness 3: 360-81.
    • (1989) Sociology of Health and Illness , vol.3 , pp. 360-381
    • Pasveer, B.1
  • 94
    • 7044245832 scopus 로고
    • X-ray essentials - The value of x-ray from a diagnostic and therapeutic standpoint
    • Pratt, H.P. (1899) 'X-Ray Essentials - The Value of X-Ray from a Diagnostic and Therapeutic Standpoint', American X-Ray Journal 4: 546.
    • (1899) American X-Ray Journal , vol.4 , pp. 546
    • Pratt, H.P.1
  • 95
    • 7044245833 scopus 로고
    • Remarks on suits for malpractice
    • Price, Mordecai (1897) 'Remarks on Suits for Malpractice', New York Medical Journal 65: 676-78.
    • (1897) New York Medical Journal , vol.65 , pp. 676-678
    • Price, M.1
  • 96
    • 7044264595 scopus 로고
    • Laboratory notes on radiography
    • Quimby, A. Judson (1912) 'Laboratory Notes on Radiography', Post Graduate 12: 103-15, 174-89.
    • (1912) Post Graduate , vol.12 , pp. 103-115
    • Quimby, A.J.1
  • 99
    • 0012701029 scopus 로고
    • On a new kind of rays
    • Röntgen, Wilhelm C. (1896) 'On a New Kind of Rays', Nature 53: 274, 337.
    • (1896) Nature , vol.53 , pp. 274
    • Röntgen, W.C.1
  • 100
    • 7044222172 scopus 로고
    • The x-ray in forensic medicine
    • Ross, Frank W. (1898) 'The X-Ray in Forensic Medicine', Medico-Legal Journal 16: 142-50.
    • (1898) Medico-Legal Journal , vol.16 , pp. 142-150
    • Ross, F.W.1
  • 101
    • 7044249395 scopus 로고
    • The x-ray in forensic medicine
    • Ross, Frank W. (1899) 'The X-Ray in Forensic Medicine', American X-Ray Journal 4: 502-03.
    • (1899) American X-Ray Journal , vol.4 , pp. 502-503
    • Ross, F.W.1
  • 102
    • 43949144719 scopus 로고
    • Medicine and law: The history of professional liability suits in the United States
    • Sandor, Andrew A. (1957) 'Medicine and Law: The History of Professional Liability Suits in the United States', Journal of the American Medical Association 163: 459-66.
    • (1957) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.163 , pp. 459-466
    • Sandor, A.A.1
  • 105
    • 7044233251 scopus 로고
    • Röntgenograms and their chronological legal recognition
    • Scott, Orlando F. (1929) 'Röntgenograms and their Chronological Legal Recognition', Illinois Law Review 24: 674-79.
    • (1929) Illinois Law Review , vol.24 , pp. 674-679
    • Scott, O.F.1
  • 107
    • 7044247535 scopus 로고
    • The ownership of x-ray plates
    • Skinner, E.H. (1913) 'The Ownership of X-Ray Plates', Modern Hospital 1: 31.
    • (1913) Modern Hospital , vol.1 , pp. 31
    • Skinner, E.H.1
  • 108
    • 78649675055 scopus 로고
    • Legal responsibility for medical malpractice
    • Smith, Hubert W. (1941) 'Legal Responsibility for Medical Malpractice', Journal of the American Medical Association 118: 2149-59, 2670-79.
    • (1941) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.118 , pp. 2149-2159
    • Smith, H.W.1
  • 109
    • 7044227781 scopus 로고
    • Report of work with roentgen rays at the polyclinic hospital
    • Stern, M.J. (1896) 'Report of Work with Roentgen Rays at the Polyclinic Hospital', Medical and Surgical Reporter (Philadelphia) 75: 676-79.
    • (1896) Medical and Surgical Reporter (Philadelphia) , vol.75 , pp. 676-679
    • Stern, M.J.1
  • 112
  • 113
    • 7044286075 scopus 로고
    • The professional position of the röntgenologist
    • Stover, George H. (1910) 'The Professional Position of the Röntgenologist' New York Medical Journal 91: 16-17.
    • (1910) New York Medical Journal , vol.91 , pp. 16-17
    • Stover, G.H.1
  • 114
    • 7044227782 scopus 로고
    • The inefficiency of the American jury
    • Sunderland, E. (1914) 'The Inefficiency of the American Jury', Michigan Law Review 13: 307-09.
    • (1914) Michigan Law Review , vol.13 , pp. 307-309
    • Sunderland, E.1
  • 115
    • 0040959997 scopus 로고
    • Expert testimony
    • Symposia (1884) 'Expert Testimony', North American Review 138: 602-17.
    • (1884) North American Review , vol.138 , pp. 602-617
  • 119
    • 7044254849 scopus 로고
    • The imperiled dignity of science and the law
    • Trowbridge, J. (1896) 'The Imperiled Dignity of Science and the Law', Atlantic Monthly 491-95.
    • (1896) Atlantic Monthly , pp. 491-495
    • Trowbridge, J.1
  • 120
    • 7044233252 scopus 로고
    • Testimony of experts
    • Washburn, Emory (1866) 'Testimony of Experts', American Law Review 1: 45-64.
    • (1866) American Law Review , vol.1 , pp. 45-64
    • Washburn, E.1
  • 124
    • 7044240974 scopus 로고
    • The x-ray in court
    • Wilson, Lyman P. (1922) 'The X-Ray in Court', Cornell Law Quarterly 7: 202-34, 335-51.
    • (1922) Cornell Law Quarterly , vol.7 , pp. 202-334
    • Wilson, L.P.1
  • 125
    • 7044253231 scopus 로고
    • The story of the first evidence
    • Withers, Sanford (1934) 'The Story of the First Evidence', Radiology 17: 100-01.
    • (1934) Radiology , vol.17 , pp. 100-101
    • Withers, S.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.