메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 16, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 451-458

Recurrent second trimester pregnancy loss: Evaluation and management

Author keywords

Cervical insufficiency; Fetal demise; Miscarriage; Recurrent second trimester pregnancy loss; Thrombophilia

Indexed keywords

CORTICOTROPIN RELEASING FACTOR; HEMOGLOBIN A1C; HYDROXYPROGESTERONE;

EID: 70350757702     PISSN: 1752296X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MED.0b013e328332b808     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (16)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 33847155875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Causes of fetal wastage
    • Simpson J. Causes of fetal wastage. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2007; 50:10-30.
    • (2007) Clin Obstet Gynecol , vol.50 , pp. 10-30
    • Simpson, J.1
  • 2
    • 31144475586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Obstetrical antiphospholipid syndrome
    • Wu S, Stephenson MD. Obstetrical antiphospholipid syndrome. Semin Reprod Med 2006; 24:40-53.
    • (2006) Semin Reprod Med , vol.24 , pp. 40-53
    • Wu, S.1    Stephenson, M.D.2
  • 3
    • 27444446437 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antiphospholipid syndrome
    • ACOG practice bulletin. Number 68, November 2005. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists.
    • ACOG practice bulletin. Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Number 68, November 2005. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol 2005; 106:1113-1121.
    • (2005) Obstet Gynecol , vol.106 , pp. 1113-1121
  • 4
    • 4444257704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the variation in antiphospholipid antibody (APA) assays: Comparison of results from 10 centers
    • Kutteh WH, Franklin RD. Assessing the variation in antiphospholipid antibody (APA) assays: Comparison of results from 10 centers. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 91:440-448.
    • (2004) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.91 , pp. 440-448
    • Kutteh, W.H.1    Franklin, R.D.2
  • 5
    • 0030898808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pathogenic antibodies in women with obstetric features of antiphospholipid syndrome who have negative test results for lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies
    • Silver RM, Pierangeli SS, Edwin SS, et al. Pathogenic antibodies in women with obstetric features of antiphospholipid syndrome who have negative test results for lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibodies. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997; 176:628-633.
    • (1997) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.176 , pp. 628-633
    • Silver, R.M.1    Pierangeli, S.S.2    Edwin, S.S.3
  • 6
    • 31144472110 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thrombophilias and recurrent pregnancy loss
    • Kutteh WH, Triplett DA. Thrombophilias and recurrent pregnancy loss. Semin Reprod Med 2006; 24:54-65.
    • (2006) Semin Reprod Med , vol.24 , pp. 54-65
    • Kutteh, W.H.1    Triplett, D.A.2
  • 7
    • 0037443934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thrombophilic disorders and fetal loss: A meta-analysis
    • Rey E, Kahn SR, David M, Shrier I. Thrombophilic disorders and fetal loss: A meta-analysis. Lancet 2003; 361:901-908.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , pp. 901-908
    • Rey, E.1    Kahn, S.R.2    David, M.3    Shrier, I.4
  • 8
    • 66149090685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher maternal TSH levels in pregnancy are associated with increased risk for miscarriage, fetal or neonatal death
    • Benhadi N, Wiersinga WM, Reitsma JB, et al. Higher maternal TSH levels in pregnancy are associated with increased risk for miscarriage, fetal or neonatal death. Eur J Endocrinol 2009; 160:985-991.
    • (2009) Eur J Endocrinol , vol.160 , pp. 985-991
    • Benhadi, N.1    Wiersinga, W.M.2    Reitsma, J.B.3
  • 9
    • 0035140445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid antibodies and fetal loss: An evolving story
    • Abramson J, Stagnaro-Green A. Thyroid antibodies and fetal loss: An evolving story. Thyroid 2001; 11:57-63.
    • (2001) Thyroid , vol.11 , pp. 57-63
    • Abramson, J.1    Stagnaro-Green, A.2
  • 10
    • 33745788166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levothyroxine treatment in euthyroid pregnant women with autoimmune thyroid disease: Effects on obstetrical complications
    • Negro R, Formoso G, Mangieri T, et al. Levothyroxine treatment in euthyroid pregnant women with autoimmune thyroid disease: Effects on obstetrical complications. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91:2587-2591.
    • (2006) J Clin Endocrinol Metab , vol.91 , pp. 2587-2591
    • Negro, R.1    Formoso, G.2    Mangieri, T.3
  • 11
    • 11844272561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fetal loss associated with excess thyroid hormone exposure
    • Chang AY, Chamberlain-Shea H, Carr B. Fetal loss associated with excess thyroid hormone exposure. J Am Med Assoc 2005; 293:160-161.
    • (2005) J Am Med Assoc , vol.293 , pp. 160-161
    • Chang, A.Y.1    Chamberlain-Shea, H.2    Carr, B.3
  • 12
    • 12344270869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thyroid disorders associated with pregnancy: Etiology, diagnosis, and management
    • Lazarus JH. Thyroid disorders associated with pregnancy: Etiology, diagnosis, and management. Treat Endocrinol 2005; 4:31-41.
    • (2005) Treat Endocrinol , vol.4 , pp. 31-41
    • Lazarus, J.H.1
  • 13
    • 0025107457 scopus 로고
    • Detection of at-risk pregnancy by means of highly sensitive assays for thyroid autoantibodies
    • Stagnaro-Green A, Roman S, Cobin R, et al. Detection of at-risk pregnancy by means of highly sensitive assays for thyroid autoantibodies. J Am Med Assoc 1990; 264:1422-1425.
    • (1990) J Am Med Assoc , vol.264 , pp. 1422-1425
    • Stagnaro-Green, A.1    Roman, S.2    Cobin, R.3
  • 15
    • 39349089231 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Familial patterns of preterm delivery: Maternal and fetal contributions
    • Wilcox AJ, Skjærven R, Lie RT. Familial patterns of preterm delivery: maternal and fetal contributions. Am J Epidemiol 2008; 167:474-479.
    • (2008) Am J Epidemiol , vol.167 , pp. 474-479
    • Wilcox, A.J.1    Skjærven, R.2    Lie, R.T.3
  • 16
    • 33846940547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic epidemiologic studies of preterm birth: Guidelines for research
    • Pennell CE, Jacobsson B, Williams SM, et al. Genetic epidemiologic studies of preterm birth: Guidelines for research. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2007; 196:107-118.
    • (2007) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.196 , pp. 107-118
    • Pennell, C.E.1    Jacobsson, B.2    Williams, S.M.3
  • 17
    • 0038222482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of psychosocial and nutritional stress on poor pregnancy outcome
    • Hobel C, Culhane J. Role of psychosocial and nutritional stress on poor pregnancy outcome. J Nutr 2003; 133 (5 Suppl 2):1709S-1717S.
    • (2003) J Nutr , vol.133 , Issue.5 SUPPL. 2
    • Hobel, C.1    Culhane, J.2
  • 18
    • 0032966259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress-associated preterm delivery: The role of corticotrophinreleasing hormone
    • Lockwood CJ. Stress-associated preterm delivery: The role of corticotrophinreleasing hormone. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1999; 180 (1 Suppl 2):S264-S266.
    • (1999) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.180 , Issue.1 SUPPL. 2
    • Lockwood, C.J.1
  • 19
    • 0030893453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Employment, job strain, and preterm delivery among women in North Carolina
    • Brett KM, Strogatz DS, Savitz DA. Employment, job strain, and preterm delivery among women in North Carolina. Am J Public Health 1997; 87:199-204.
    • (1997) Am J Public Health , vol.87 , pp. 199-204
    • Brett, K.M.1    Strogatz, D.S.2    Savitz, D.A.3
  • 20
    • 0035380697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress and preterm birth: Neuroendocrine, immune/inflammatory, and vascular mechanisms
    • Wadhwa PD, Culhane JF, Rauh V, Barve SS. Stress and preterm birth: neuroendocrine, immune/inflammatory, and vascular mechanisms. Matern Child Health J 2001; 5:119-125.
    • (2001) Matern Child Health J , vol.5 , pp. 119-125
    • Wadhwa, P.D.1    Culhane, J.F.2    Rauh, V.3    Barve, S.S.4
  • 21
    • 0035340891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early transvaginal ultrasonography versus early cerclage in women with an unclear history of incompetent cervix
    • Kelly S, Pollock M, Maas B, et al. Early transvaginal ultrasonography versus early cerclage in women with an unclear history of incompetent cervix. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001; 84:1097-1099.
    • (2001) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.84 , pp. 1097-1099
    • Kelly, S.1    Pollock, M.2    Maas, B.3
  • 22
    • 0036145638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrent pregnancy loss with antiphospholipid antibody: A systematic review of therapeutic trials
    • DOI 10.1016/S0029-7844(01)01646-5, PII S0029784401016465
    • Empson M, Lassere M, Craig JC, Scott JR. Recurrent pregnancy loss with antiphospholipid antibody: A systematic review of therapeutic trials. Obstet Gynecol 2002; 99:135-144. (Pubitemid 34075480)
    • (2002) Obstetrics and Gynecology , vol.99 , Issue.1 , pp. 135-144
    • Empson, M.1    Lassere, M.2    Craig, J.C.3    Scott, J.R.4
  • 23
    • 0030761057 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Placental pathology and antiphospholipid antibodies: A descriptive study
    • Salafia CM, Cowchock FS. Placental pathology and antiphospholipid antibodies: A descriptive study. Am J Perinat 1997; 14:435-441.
    • (1997) Am J Perinat , vol.14 , pp. 435-441
    • Salafia, C.M.1    Cowchock, F.S.2
  • 24
    • 3242706212 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Histologic features of placentas and abortion specimens from women with antiphospholipid and antiphospholipid-like syndromes
    • Van Horn JT, Craven K, Ward DW, Branch W. Histologic features of placentas and abortion specimens from women with antiphospholipid and antiphospholipid-like syndromes. Placenta 2004; 25:642-648.
    • (2004) Placenta , vol.25 , pp. 642-648
    • Van Horn, J.T.1    Craven, K.2    Ward, D.W.3    Branch, W.4
  • 25
    • 0033789367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized trial of cerclage versus no cerclage among patients with ultrasonographically detected second-trimester preterm dilatation of the internal os. Transactions of the twentieth annual meeting of the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine
    • Rust OA, Atlas RO, Jones KJ, et al. A randomized trial of cerclage versus no cerclage among patients with ultrasonographically detected second-trimester preterm dilatation of the internal os. Transactions of the twentieth annual meeting of the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000; 183:830-835.
    • (2000) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.183 , pp. 830-835
    • Rust, O.A.1    Atlas, R.O.2    Jones, K.J.3
  • 26
    • 31144473094 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomic factors in recurrent pregnancy loss
    • Wold ASD, Pham N, Arici A. Anatomic factors in recurrent pregnancy loss. Semin Reprod Med 2006; 24:25-32.
    • (2006) Semin Reprod Med , vol.24 , pp. 25-32
    • Wold, A.S.D.1    Pham, N.2    Arici, A.3
  • 27
    • 0033971299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The septate uterus: A review of management and reproductive outcome
    • Homer HA, Li TC, Cooke ID. The septate uterus: A review of management and reproductive outcome. Fertil Steril 2000; 73:1-14.
    • (2000) Fertil Steril , vol.73 , pp. 1-14
    • Homer, H.A.1    Li, T.C.2    Cooke, I.D.3
  • 28
    • 0026691070 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of uterine anomalies: Relative accuracy of MR imaging, endovaginal sonography, and hysterosalpingography
    • Pellerito JS, McCarthy SM, Doyle MB, et al. Diagnosis of uterine anomalies: Relative accuracy of MR imaging, endovaginal sonography, and hysterosalpingography. Radiology 1992; 183:795-800.
    • (1992) Radiology , vol.183 , pp. 795-800
    • Pellerito, J.S.1    McCarthy, S.M.2    Doyle, M.B.3
  • 29
    • 0024397060 scopus 로고
    • Septate versus bicornuate uteri: Errors in imaging diagnosis
    • Reuter KL, Daly DC, Cohen SM. Septate versus bicornuate uteri: Errors in imaging diagnosis. Radiology 1989; 172:749-752.
    • (1989) Radiology , vol.172 , pp. 749-752
    • Reuter, K.L.1    Daly, D.C.2    Cohen, S.M.3
  • 30
    • 0035023719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcome of pregnancies in women with uterine leiomyomas identified by sonography in the first trimester
    • Benson CB, Chow JS, Chang-Lee W, et al. Outcome of pregnancies in women with uterine leiomyomas identified by sonography in the first trimester. J Clin Ultrasound 2001; 29:261-264.
    • (2001) J Clin Ultrasound , vol.29 , pp. 261-264
    • Benson, C.B.1    Chow, J.S.2    Chang-Lee, W.3
  • 31
    • 0029281996 scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional ultrasound for the assessment of uterine anatomy and detection of congenital anomalies: A comparison with hysterosalpingography and two-dimensional sonography
    • Jurkovic D, Geipel A, Gruboeck K, et al. Three-dimensional ultrasound for the assessment of uterine anatomy and detection of congenital anomalies: A comparison with hysterosalpingography and two-dimensional sonography. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 1995; 5:233-237.
    • (1995) Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol , vol.5 , pp. 233-237
    • Jurkovic, D.1    Geipel, A.2    Gruboeck, K.3
  • 32
    • 0035088855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional multiplanar sonohysterography: Comparison with conventional two-dimensional sonohysterography and X-ray hysterosalpingography
    • Lev-Toaff AS, Pinheiro LW, Bega G, et al. Three-dimensional multiplanar sonohysterography: Comparison with conventional two-dimensional sonohysterography and X-ray hysterosalpingography. J Ultrasound Med 2001; 20:295-306.
    • (2001) J Ultrasound Med , vol.20 , pp. 295-306
    • Lev-Toaff, A.S.1    Pinheiro, L.W.2    Bega, G.3
  • 33
    • 0029202570 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance in the evaluation of Mullerian duct anomalies
    • Fischetti SG, Politi G, Lomeo E, Garozzo G. Magnetic resonance in the evaluation of Mullerian duct anomalies. Radiol Med 1995; 89 (1-2):105-111.
    • (1995) Radiol Med , vol.89 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 105-111
    • Fischetti, S.G.1    Politi, G.2    Lomeo, E.3    Garozzo, G.4
  • 34
    • 0001141854 scopus 로고
    • A new method of operative treatment for habitual abortions in the second trimester of pregnancy
    • Shirodkar VN. A new method of operative treatment for habitual abortions in the second trimester of pregnancy. Antiseptic 1955; 52:299-300.
    • (1955) Antiseptic , vol.52 , pp. 299-300
    • Shirodkar, V.N.1
  • 35
    • 84960958851 scopus 로고
    • Suture of the cervix for inevitable miscarriage
    • McDonald IA. Suture of the cervix for inevitable miscarriage. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Empire 1957; 64:346-350.
    • (1957) J Obstet Gynaecol Br Empire , vol.64 , pp. 346-350
    • McDonald, I.A.1
  • 36
    • 0242542703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cervical insufficiency. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 48. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • Cervical insufficiency. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 48. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol 2003; 102:1091-1099.
    • (2003) Obstet Gynecol , vol.102 , pp. 1091-1099
  • 37
    • 0027222694 scopus 로고
    • Final report of the Medical Research Council/Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists mulicentre randomized trial of cervical cerclage. MRC/ RCOG Working Party on cervical cerclage
    • Final report of the Medical Research Council/Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists mulicentre randomized trial of cervical cerclage. MRC/ RCOG Working Party on cervical cerclage. Br JObstetGynaecol 1993; 100: 516-523.
    • (1993) Br JObstetGynaecol , vol.100 , pp. 516-523
  • 38
    • 21244452705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerclage for short cervix on ultrasonography
    • Burghella V, Odibo AO, To MS, et al. Cerclage for short cervix on ultrasonography. Obstet Gynecol 2005; 106:181-189.
    • (2005) Obstet Gynecol , vol.106 , pp. 181-189
    • Burghella, V.1    Odibo, A.O.2    To, M.S.3
  • 40
    • 0018641690 scopus 로고
    • The tendency to repeat gestational age and birthweight in successive births
    • Bakketeig LS, Hortman H, Harely EE. The tendency to repeat gestational age and birthweight in successive births. Am J Obstet Gencol 1979; 135:1086-1103.
    • (1979) Am J Obstet Gencol , vol.135 , pp. 1086-1103
    • Bakketeig, L.S.1    Hortman, H.2    Harely, E.E.3
  • 41
    • 0032812115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myomectomy: A retrospective study to examine reproductive performance before and after surgery
    • Li TC, Mortimer R, Cooke ID. Myomectomy: A retrospective study to examine reproductive performance before and after surgery. Hum Reprod 1999; 14:1735-1740.
    • (1999) Hum Reprod , vol.14 , pp. 1735-1740
    • Li, T.C.1    Mortimer, R.2    Cooke, I.D.3
  • 42
    • 0030732202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reproductive impact of congenital Mullerian anomalies
    • Raga F, Bauset C, Remohi J, et al. Reproductive impact of congenital Mullerian anomalies. Hum Reprod 1997; 12:2277-2291.
    • (1997) Hum Reprod , vol.12 , pp. 2277-2291
    • Raga, F.1    Bauset, C.2    Remohi, J.3
  • 43
    • 0034443486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anatomical factors associated with recurrent pregnancy loss
    • Propst AM, Hill JA. Anatomical factors associated with recurrent pregnancy loss. Semin Reprod Med 2000; 18:341-350.
    • (2000) Semin Reprod Med , vol.18 , pp. 341-350
    • Propst, A.M.1    Hill, J.A.2
  • 44
    • 0016711795 scopus 로고
    • Prevention of premature delivery in a unicornuate uterus by cervical cerclage
    • Wajntraub G, Milwidsky A, Weiss D. Prevention of premature delivery in a unicornuate uterus by cervical cerclage. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1975; 54:497-498.
    • (1975) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand , vol.54 , pp. 497-498
    • Wajntraub, G.1    Milwidsky, A.2    Weiss, D.3
  • 45
    • 0020033023 scopus 로고
    • Reproductive performance of women with uterine anomalies: An evaluation of 182 cases
    • Heinonen PK, Saarikoski S, Pystynen P. Reproductive performance of women with uterine anomalies: An evaluation of 182 cases. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1982; 61:157-162.
    • (1982) Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand , vol.61 , pp. 157-162
    • Heinonen, P.K.1    Saarikoski, S.2    Pystynen, P.3
  • 46
    • 38049181508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The uterus and fertility
    • Taylor E, Gomel V. The uterus and fertility. Fertil Steril 2008; 89:1-16.
    • (2008) Fertil Steril , vol.89 , pp. 1-16
    • Taylor, E.1    Gomel, V.2
  • 47
    • 0020033170 scopus 로고
    • Intrauterine adhesions: An updated appraisal
    • Shenker J, Margalioth EJ. Intrauterine adhesions: An updated appraisal. Fertil Steril 1982; 37:593-610.
    • (1982) Fertil Steril , vol.37 , pp. 593-610
    • Shenker, J.1    Margalioth, E.J.2
  • 49
    • 36448989746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Second trimester loss and subsequent pregnancy outcomes: What is the real risk?
    • Edlow AG, Srinivas S, Elovitz MA. Second trimester loss and subsequent pregnancy outcomes: what is the real risk? Am J Obstet Genecol 2007; 197:581.e1-581.e6.
    • (2007) Am J Obstet Genecol , vol.197
    • Edlow, A.G.1    Srinivas, S.2    Elovitz, M.A.3
  • 50
    • 52949151213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can placental pathology explain second-trimester pregnancy loss and subsequent pregnancy outcomes?
    • Srinivas SK, Ernst LM, Edlow AG, et al. Can placental pathology explain second-trimester pregnancy loss and subsequent pregnancy outcomes? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008; 199:402.e1-402.e5.
    • (2008) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.199
    • Srinivas, S.K.1    Ernst, L.M.2    Edlow, A.G.3
  • 51
    • 0037176132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thrombophilia and pregnancy loss
    • Brenner B. Thrombophilia and pregnancy loss. Thromb Res 2003; 108:197-202.
    • (2003) Thromb Res , vol.108 , pp. 197-202
    • Brenner, B.1
  • 52
    • 0038242968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of recurrent preterm delivery by 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate
    • Meis PJ, Klebanoff M, Thom E, et al. Prevention of recurrent preterm delivery by 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate. N Engl J Med 2003; 348:2379-2385.
    • (2003) N Engl J Med , vol.348 , pp. 2379-2385
    • Meis, P.J.1    Klebanoff, M.2    Thom, E.3
  • 53
    • 0037327709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prophylactic administration of progesterone by vaginal suppository to reduce the incidence of spontaneous preterm birth in women at increased risk: A randomized placebocontrolled double-blind study
    • da Fonseca EB, Bittar RE, Carvalho MH, Zugaib M. Prophylactic administration of progesterone by vaginal suppository to reduce the incidence of spontaneous preterm birth in women at increased risk: A randomized placebocontrolled double-blind study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003; 188:419-424.
    • (2003) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.188 , pp. 419-424
    • Da Fonseca, E.B.1    Bittar, R.E.2    Carvalho, M.H.3    Zugaib, M.4
  • 54
    • 24644523630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progesterone for prevention of recurrent preterm birth: Impact of gestational age at previous delivery
    • Spong C, Meis P, Thom E, et al. Progesterone for prevention of recurrent preterm birth: Impact of gestational age at previous delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2005; 193:1127-1131.
    • (2005) Am J Obstet Gynecol , vol.193 , pp. 1127-1131
    • Spong, C.1    Meis, P.2    Thom, E.3
  • 55
    • 55449133451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of progesterone to reduce preterm birth
    • ACOG committee opinion number 419
    • ACOG committee opinion number 419. Use of progesterone to reduce preterm birth. Obstet Gynecol 2008; 112:963-965.
    • (2008) Obstet Gynecol , vol.112 , pp. 963-965
  • 56
    • 0036690113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of recurrent pregnancy loss
    • ACOG practice bulletin, February. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists
    • ACOG practice bulletin. Management of recurrent pregnancy loss. Number 24, February 2001. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2002; 78:179-190.
    • (2001) Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2002 , vol.78 , Issue.24 , pp. 179-190
  • 57
    • 0034254642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do women with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss have higher day 3 serum FSH and estradiol values?
    • Trout SW, Seifer DB. Do women with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss have higher day 3 serum FSH and estradiol values? Fertil Steril 2000; 74:335-337.
    • (2000) Fertil Steril , vol.74 , pp. 335-337
    • Trout, S.W.1    Seifer, D.B.2
  • 58
    • 0030939856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Future pregnancy outcome in unexplained recurrent first trimester miscarriage
    • Clifford K, Rai R, Regan L. Future pregnancy outcome in unexplained recurrent first trimester miscarriage. Hum Reprod 1997; 12:387-389.
    • (1997) Hum Reprod , vol.12 , pp. 387-389
    • Clifford, K.1    Rai, R.2    Regan, L.3
  • 59
    • 20144388443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence-based investigations and treatments of recurrent pregnancy loss
    • Christiansen OB, Andersen AMN, Bosch E, et al. Evidence-based investigations and treatments of recurrent pregnancy loss. Fertil Steril 2005; 83:821-839.
    • (2005) Fertil Steril , vol.83 , pp. 821-839
    • Christiansen, O.B.1    Andersen, A.M.N.2    Bosch, E.3
  • 60
    • 0025708282 scopus 로고
    • Recurrent miscarriage
    • Sirrat GM. Recurrent miscarriage. Lancet 1990; 336:673-675.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.336 , pp. 673-675
    • Sirrat, G.M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.