Crohn disease and mycobacterial infection in children: An intriguing relationship

Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition

Volumn 49, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 550-558

  Chiappini, Elena ^a   De Martino, Maurizio ^a   Mangiantini, Franscesca ^a   Lionetti, Paolo ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF FLORENCE   (Italy)

Author keywords

Anti TNF a agents; Crohn disease; Tuberculosis.

Indexed keywords

ADALIMUMAB; CASPASE RECRUITMENT DOMAIN PROTEIN 15; CERTOLIZUMAB PEGOL; ETANERCEPT; ETHAMBUTOL; GAMMA INTERFERON; INFLIXIMAB; ISONIAZID; PYRAZINAMIDE; RIFAMPICIN; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR; TUBERCULOSTATIC AGENT; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA ANTIBODY; VITAMIN D RECEPTOR;

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; CHILD; CLINICAL TRIAL; COLONOSCOPY; CROHN DISEASE; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TREATMENT FAILURE; FAMILY HISTORY; HUMAN; IMMIGRATION; IMMUNOPATHOGENESIS; INNATE IMMUNITY; INTESTINE TUBERCULOSIS; LIVER TOXICITY; MYCOBACTERIOSIS; MYCOBACTERIUM PARATUBERCULOSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIODIAGNOSIS; REVIEW; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; SARCOIDOSIS; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY; TUBERCULIN TEST;

ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; CROHN DISEASE; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; HUMANS; MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM SUBSP. PARATUBERCULOSIS; PARATUBERCULOSIS; TUBERCULOSIS, GASTROINTESTINAL; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA;

MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM;

EID: 70350660571     PISSN: 02772116     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0b013e3181b0f908     Document Type: Review

References (104)

1. Epstein D, Watermeyer G, Kirsch R. The diagnosis and management of Crohn's disease in populations with high-risk rates for tuberculosis. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007;25:1373-1388
2. Amarapurkar DN, Patel ND, Rane PS. Diagnosis of Crohn's disease in India where tuberculosis is widely prevalent. World J Gastroenterol 2008;14:741-746
3. Sibartie V, Kirwan WO, O'Mahony S, et al. Intestinal tuberculosis mimicking Crohn's disease: lessons relearned in a new era. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;19:347-349
4. Fidder H, Schnitzler F, Ferrante M, et al. Long-Term Safety of Infliximab for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a Single Center Cohort Study. Gut 2008;58:501-508
5. Dalziel TK. Chronic interstitial enteritis. BMJ 1913;2:1068-1070
6. Behr MA, Kapur V. The evidence for Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Crohn's disease. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2008; 24:17-21.
7. Ferwerda G, Kullberg BJ, de Jong DJ, et al. Mycobacterium paratuberculosis is recognized by Toll-like receptors and NOD2. J Leukoc Biol 2007;82:1011-1018
8. Bouma G, Strober W. The immunological and genetic basis of inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2003;3:521-533
9. Khader SA, Bell GK, Pearl JE, et al. IL-23 and IL-17 in the establishment of protective pulmonary CD4+ T cell responses after vaccination and during Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge. Nat Immunol 2007;8:369-377
10. Feller M, Huwiler K, Stephan R, et al. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and Crohn's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2007;7:607-613
11. Selby W, Pavli P, Crotty B, et al., Antibiotics in Crohn's Disease Study Group: Two-year combination antibiotic therapy with clarithromycin, rifabutin, and clofazimine for Crohn's disease. Gastroenterology 2007;132:2313-2319
12. Jones PH, Farver TB, Beaman B, et al. Crohn's disease in people exposed to clinical cases of bovine paratuberculosis. Epidemiol Infect 2006;134:49-56.
13. Sartor RB. Does Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis cause Crohn's disease? Gut 2005;54:896-898
14. Collins MT. Paratuberculosis: review of present knowledge. Acta Vet Scand 2003;44:217-221
15. Mendoza JL, Lana R, Díaz-Rubio M. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and its relationship with Crohn's disease. World J Gastroenterol 2009;15:417-422
16. Basler T, Geffers R, Weiss S, et al. Mycobacterium avium subspecies induce differential expression of pro-inflammatorymediators in a murine macrophage model: evidence for enhanced pathogenicity of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. Immunobiology 2008;213:879-888
17. Thomas Dow C. Cows, Crohn's and more: is Mycobacterium paratuberculosis a superantigen? Med Hypotheses 2008;71:858-861
18. Abubakar I, Myhill D, Aliyu SH, et al. Detection of Mycobacteriumavium subspecies paratuberculosis from patients with Crohn's disease using nucleic acid-based techniques: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008;14:401-410
19. Frank DN. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and Crohn's disease. Lancet Infect Dis 2008;8:345-346
20. Naser SA, Ghobrial G, Romero C, et al. Culture of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis from the blood of patients with Crohn's disease. Lancet 2004;364:1039-1044
21. Bull TJ, McMinn EJ, Sidi-Boumedine K, et al. Detection and verification of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in fresh ileocolonic mucosal biopsy specimens from individuals with and without Crohn's disease. J Clin Microbiol 2003;41:2915-2923
22. Pierce ES. Where are all the Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in patients with Crohn's disease? PLoS Pathog 2009;5:e1000234.
23. Nakase H, Nishio A, Tamaki H, et al. Specific antibodies against recombinant protein of insertion element 900 of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in Japanese patients with Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2006;12:62-69
24. Borgaonkar MR, MacIntosh DG, Fardy JM. A meta-analysis of antimycobacterial therapy for Crohn's disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:725-729
25. Lowe AM, Yansouni CP, Behr MA. Causality and gastrointestinal infections:Koch,Hill,andCrohn's.Lancet Infect Dis 2008;8:720-726
26. Uzoigwe JC, Khaitsa ML, Gibbs PS. Epidemiological evidence for Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis as a cause of Crohn's disease. Epidemiol Infect 2007;135:1057-1068
27. Shanahan F, O'Mahony J. The mycobacteria story in Crohn's disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2005;100:1537-1538
28. Jones DA, Guha K, Ho TB. Notification of tuberculosis in an area of low TB incidence. Clin Med 2008;8:637.
29. Gibson J, Collins A, Morton N. Individual disease risk and multimetric analysis of Crohn disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2008;105:15843-15847
30. Bodar E, Netea MG, de Jong DJ, et al. NOD2 engagement induces proinflammatory cytokine production, but not apoptosis, in leukocytes isolated from patients with Crohn's disease. Eur Cytokine Netw 2008;19:185-189
31. Li HT, Zang TT, Zhou YQ, et al. SLC11A1 (formerly NRAMP1) gene polymorphisms and tuberculosis susceptibility: a meta-analysis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2006;10:3-12.
32. Van Heel DA, Ghosh S, Butler M, et al. Muramyl dipeptide and toll-like receptor sensitivity in NOD2-associated Crohn's disease. Lancet 2005;365:1794-1796
33. Divangahi M, Mostowy S, Coulombe F, et al. NOD2-deficient mice have impaired resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection through defective innate and adaptive immunity. J Immunol 2008;181:7157-7165
34. Newport MJ, Allen A, Awomoyi AA, et al. The toll-like receptor 4 Asp299Gly variant: no influence on LPS responsiveness or susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis in the Gambia. Tuberculosis 2004;84:347-352
35. Pugazhendhi S, Amte A, Balamurugan R, et al. Common NOD2 mutations are absent in patients with Crohn's disease in India. Indian J Gastroenterol 2008;27:201-203
36. Cho JH. The genetics and immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Nat Rev Immunol 2008;8:458-466
37. Amre DK, Mack D, Israel D, et al. Association between genetic variants in the IL-23R gene and early-onset Crohn's disease: results from a case-control and family-based study among Canadian children. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:615-620
38. Khader SA, Cooper AM. IL-23 and IL-17 in tuberculosis. Cytokine 2008;41:79-83.
39. Shale M, Ghosh S. Beyond TNF, Th1 and Th2 in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 2008;57:1349-1351
40. Chen WS, Su WJ, Wang HS, et al. Large bowel tuberculosis and possible influencing factors for surgical prognosis: 30 years' experience. World J Surg 1997;21:500-504
41. Caprilli R, Angelucci E, Clemente V. Recent advances in the management of Crohn's disease. Dig Liver Dis 2008;40:709-716
42. Jayanthi V, Probert CS, Pinder D, et al. Epidemiology of Crohn's disease in Indian migrants and the indigenous population in Leicestershire. Q J Med 1992;82:125-138
43. Loftus EV Jr. Clinical epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: incidence, prevalence, and environmental influences. Gastroenterology 2004;126:1504-1517
44. Newton SM, Brent AJ, Anderson S, et al. Paediatric tuberculosis. Lancet Infect Dis 2008;8:498-510.
45. Saczek KB, Schaaf HS, Voss M, et al. Diagnostic dilemmas in abdominal tuberculosis in children. Pediatr Surg Int 2001;17: 111-115
46. Ertekin V, Selimoglu MA, Okçu N, et al. Intestinal tuberculosis mimicking Crohn's disease. J Emerg Med 2007;33:421-423
47. Almadi MA, Ghosh S, Aljebreen AM. Differentiating intestinal tuberculosis from Crohn's disease: a diagnostic challenge. Am J Gastroenterol 2009;104:1003-1012
48. Arnold C, Moradpour D, Blum HE. Tuberculous colitis mimicking Crohn's disease. Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93:2294-2296
49. Myers AL, Colombo J, Jackson MA, et al. Tuberculous colitis mimicking Crohn disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2007;45: 607-610
50. Wong WM, Lai KC, Yiu WC, et al. Intestinal tuberculosis mimicking fistulizing Crohn's disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;22:137-139
51. Danese S, Semeraro S, Papa A. Extraintestinal manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2005;11: 7227-7236
52. Akcam M, Artan R, Yilmaz A, et al. Abdominal tuberculosis in adolescents: difficulties in diagnosis. Saudi Med J 2005;26:122-126
53. Schwartz RA, Nervi SJ. Erythema nodosum: a sign of systemic disease. Am Fam Physician 2007;75:695-700.
54. Omori H, Asahi H, Inoue Y, et al. Pulmonary involvement in Crohn's disease report of a case and review of the literature. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2004;10:129-134
55. Diel R, Loddenkemper R, Meywald-Walter K. et al. Comparative Performance of Tuberculin Skin Test, QuantiFERON-TB-Gold In Tube Assay, and T-Spot.TB Test in Contact Investigations for Tuberculosis. Chest 2009;135:1010-1018
56. Ponce de Leon D, Acevedo-Vasquez E, Alvizuri S, et al. Comparison of an interferon-gamma assay with tuberculin skin testing for detection of tuberculosis (TB) infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in a TB-endemic population. J Rheumatol 2008;35:776-781
57. Ferrara G, Losi M, D'Amico R, et al. Use in routine clinical practice of two commercial blood tests for diagnosis of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a prospective study. Lancet 2006;367:1328-1334
58. Porsa E, Cheng L, Seale MM, et al. Comparison of a new ESAT-6/ CFP-10 peptide-based gamma interferon assay and a tuberculin skin test for tuberculosis screening in a moderate-risk population. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2006;13:53-58
59. Mazurek GH, Weis SE, Moonan PK, et al. Prospective comparison of the tuberculin skin test and 2 whole-blood interferongamma release assays in persons with suspected tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis 2007;45:837-845
60. Bianchi L, Galli L, Moriondo Maria, et al. Interferon-g release assay improves the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection in children. Pediatr Infect Dis 2009;28:510-514
61. Mazurek GH, Jereb J, Lobue P, et al. Guidelines for using the QuantiFERON-TB Gold test for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, United States. MMWR Recomm Rep 2005;54: 49-55.
62. Caputo D, Alloni R, Garberini A, et al. Experience with two cases of intestinal tuberculosis: utility of the QuantiFERON-TB Gold test for diagnosis. Surg Infect 2008;9:407-410
63. Andronikou S,Wieselthaler N. Modern imaging of tuberculosis in children: thoracic, central nervous system, and abdominal tuberculosis. Pediatr Radiol 2004;34:861-875
64. Andronikou S, Welman CJ, Kader E. The CT features of abdominal tuberculosis in children. Pediatr Radiol 2002;32:75-81.
65. Brenner DJ. Should computed tomography be the modality of choice for imaging Crohn's disease in children? The radiation risk perspective. Gut 2008;57:1489-1490
66. Dagia C, Ditchfield M, Kean M, et al. Imaging for Crohn disease: use of 3-T MRI in a paediatric setting. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2008;52:480-488
67. Lee YJ, Yang SK, Byeon JS, et al. Analysis of colonoscopic findings in the differential diagnosis between intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease. Endoscopy 2006;38:592-597
68. Sharma MP, Bhatia V. Abdominal tuberculosis. Indian J Med Res 2004;120:305-315
69. Park YS, Jun DW, Kim SH, et al. Colonoscopy evaluation after short-term anti-tuberculosis treatment in nonspecific ulcers on the ileocecal area. World J Gastroenterol 2008;14:5051-5058
70. Pulimood AB, Peter S, Rook GW, et al. In situ PCR for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in endoscopic mucosal biopsy specimens of intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn disease. Am J Clin Pathol 2008;129:846-851
71. Gan HT, Chen YQ, Ouyang Q, et al. Differentiation between intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn's disease in endoscopic biopsy specimens by polymerase chain reaction. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:1446-1451
72. de Benedictis FM, Nobile S, Lorenzini I. Electronic clinical challenges and images in GI. Abdominal tuberculosis. Gastroenterology 2008;134:3-5.
73. Akobeng AK. Crohn's disease: current treatment options. Arch Dis Child 2008;93:787-792
74. Panés J, Gomollón F, Taxonera C, et al. Crohn's disease: a reviewof current treatment with a focus on biologics. Drugs 2007; 67:2511-2537
75. Bourne T, Fossati G, Nesbitt A. A PEGylated Fab0 fragment against tumor necrosis factor for the treatment of Crohn disease: exploring a new mechanism of action. BioDrugs 2008;22:331-337
76. Mitoma H, Horiuchi T, Tsukamoto H, et al. Mechanisms for cytotoxic effects of anti-tumor necrosis factor agents on transmembrane tumor necrosis factor alpha-expressing cells: comparison among infliximab, etanercept, and adalimumab. Arthritis Rheum 2008;58:1248-1257
77. Hyams J, CrandallW, Kugathasan S, et al., REACH Study Group: Induction and maintenance infliximab therapy for the treatment of moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease in children. Gastroenterology 2007;132:863-873
78. Ilowite NT. Update on biologics in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2008;20:613-618
79. Martini G, Zulian F. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: current and future treatment options. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2006;7: 387-399
80. Caviglia R, Boskoski I, Cicala M. Long-term treatment with infliximab in inflammatory bowel disease: safety and tolerability issues. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2008;7:617-632
81. Kim JY, Park JN, Lee JG, et al. The use of etanercept in a patient with disseminated tuberculosis. Rheumatol Int 2009; Jan 17 [Epub ahead of print].
82. Harris J, Hope JC, Keane J. Tumor necrosis factor blockers influence macrophage responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Infect Dis 2008;198:1842-1850
83. Ehlers S. Tumor necrosis factor and its blockade in granulomatous infections: differential modes of action of infliximab and etanercept? Clin Infect Dis 2005;41 (Suppl 3):S199-203.
84. Wallis RS, Broder MS, Wong JY, et al. Granulomatous infectious diseases associated with tumor necrosis factor antagonists. Clin Infect Dis 2004;38:1261-1265
85. Plessner HL, Lin PL, Kohno T, et al. Neutralization of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by antibody but not TNF receptor fusion molecule exacerbates chronic murine tuberculosis. J Infect Dis 2007;195:1643-1650
86. Saliu OY, Sofer C, Stein DS, et al. Tumor-necrosis-factor blockers: differential effects on mycobacterial immunity. J Infect Dis 2006;194:486-492
87. Blackmore TK, Manning L, Taylor WJ, et al. Therapeutic use of infliximab in tuberculosis to control severe paradoxical reaction of the brain and lymph nodes. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 47:83-85
88. Periodic Safety Update Report (PSUR 18, Infliximab, October 2008).
89. Aberra FN, Stettler N, Brensinger C, et al. Risk for active tuberculosis in inflammatory bowel disease patients. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;5:1070-1075
90. Hanauer SB. Risks and benefits of combining immunosuppressives and biological agents in inflammatory bowel disease: is the synergy worth the risk? Gut 2007;56:1181-1183
91. Peyrin-Biroulet L, Deltenre P, de Suray N, et al. Efficacy and safety of tumour necrosis factor antagonists in Crohn's disease: meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;6:644-653
92. Veres G, Baldassano RN, Mamula P. Infliximab therapy for pediatric Crohn's disease. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2007;7:1869-1880
93. Kay M, Wyllie R. The real cost of pediatric Crohn's disease: the role of infliximab in the treatment of pediatric IBD. Am J Gastroenterol 2003;98:717-720
94. de Ridder L, Benninga MA, Taminiau JA, et al. Infliximab use in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2007;45:3-14.
95. Fonseca JE, Lucas H, Canhão H, et al., Sociedade Portuguesa de Reumatologia; Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection and active tuberculosis in patients with inflammatory joint diseases proposed for treatment with tumour necrosis factor alpha antagonist drugs. Rev Port Pneumol 2006;12:603-613
96. Guidance for National Tuberculosis Programmes on the Management of Tuberculosis in Children. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2006. WHO/HTM/TB/2006.
97. Schoepfer AM, Flogerzi B, Fallegger S, et al. Comparison of interferon-gamma release assay versus tuberculin skin test for tuberculosis screening in inflammatory bowel disease. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:2799-2806
98. NICE Guidelines. CG33 Tuberculosis: Full Guideline. 22 March 2006. http://www.nice.org.uk. Accessed February 3, 2009.
99. Gao XF, Wang L, Liu GJ, et al. Rifampicin plus pyrazinamide versus isoniazid for treating latent tuberculosis infection: a metaanalysis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2006;10:1080-1090
100. Sichletidis L, Settas L, Spyratos D, et al. Tuberculosis in patients receiving anti-TNF agents despite chemoprophylaxis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2006;10:1127-1132
101. Ben M'rad M, Gherissi D, Mouthon L, et al. Tuberculosis risk among patients with systemic diseases. Presse Med 2009;38:274-290
102. Gardam MA, Keystone EC, Menzies R, et al. Anti-tumor necrosis factor against tuberculosis risk: mechanisms of action and clinical management. Lancet Infect Dis 2003;3:148-155
103. Ormerod LP. BTS recomandations for assessing risk and for managing Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease in patients due to start anti-TNF-alpha treatment. Thorax 2005;60: 800-865
104. Winthrop KL, Siegel JN, Jereb J, et al. Tuberculosis associated with therapy against tumor necrosis factor alpha. Arthritis Rheum 2005;52:2968-2974