The methods of identification, analysis, and removal of endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in water

Journal of Hazardous Materials

Volumn 172, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 1-12

  Chang, Hyun Shik ^a   Choo, Kwang Ho ^a   Lee, Byungwhan ^b   Choi, Sang June ^a  

^a Kyungpook National University   (South Korea)

^b Keimyung University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Biologically based assay; Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs); Extraction method; Mass based analysis; Water treatment

Indexed keywords

ADVANCED OXIDATION PROCESS; ADVANCED TREATMENT; ANALYTICAL METHOD; ANALYTICAL PERFORMANCE; AROMATIC MOIETIES; BIOLOGICALLY BASED ASSAY; CONTAMINATED SITES; CONVENTIONAL TREATMENTS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING COMPOUND; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS (EDCS); ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS; EXTRACTION METHOD; EXTRACTION TECHNIQUES; GRANULAR ACTIVATED CARBONS; INSTRUMENTAL ANALYSIS; MASS-BASED ANALYSIS; OXIDATIVE DEGRADATION; REMOVAL PROCESS; RESEARCH TRENDS; SOURCE REDUCTION; SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS; TRACE-LEVEL CONCENTRATIONS; TRANSPORT MECHANISM;

ACTIVATED CARBON; ACTIVATED CARBON TREATMENT; ACTIVATED SLUDGE PROCESS; ANIMALS; ASSAYS; CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS; CHEMICALS REMOVAL (WATER TREATMENT); COAGULATION; GRANULAR MATERIALS; WASTEWATER TREATMENT; WATER ANALYSIS; WATER POLLUTION;

CHEMICAL WATER TREATMENT;

ACTIVATED CARBON; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR;

ANALYTICAL METHOD; BIOASSAY; BIODEGRADATION; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; COAGULATION; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTOR; ENDOCRINE SYSTEM; EXTRACTION METHOD; IDENTIFICATION METHOD; POLLUTANT REMOVAL; POLLUTANT TRANSPORT; PRECIPITATION (CHEMISTRY); REMEDIATION; WATER TREATMENT;

ACTIVATED SLUDGE; ADSORPTION; ANALYTIC METHOD; CELL ASSAY; CHEMICAL ANALYSIS; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEGRADATION; ECOSYSTEM RESTORATION; ENDOCRINE SYSTEM; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; LIQUID PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; NONHUMAN; OXIDATION; PRECIPITATION; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SEPARATION TECHNIQUE; SOLID PHASE EXTRACTION; SOLID PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; TOXICITY TESTING; WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT;

ADSORPTION; ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL ASSAY; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS; HUMANS; MEMBRANES, ARTIFICIAL; OXYGEN; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; WASTE DISPOSAL, FLUID; WATER; WATER POLLUTANTS, CHEMICAL; WATER PURIFICATION;

ANIMALIA;

EID: 70350530458     PISSN: 03043894     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.06.135     Document Type: Review

References (153)

1. Sonnenschein C., and Soto A.M. An updated review of environmental estrogen and androgen mimics and antagonists. J. Steroid Biochem. 65 (1998) 143-150
2. Kim S.D., Cho J., Kim I.S., Vanderford B.J., and Snyder S.A. Occurrence and removal of pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors in South Korean surface, drinking, and waste waters. Water Res. 41 (2007) 1013-1021
3. Mendes A. The endocrine disrupters: a major medical challenge. Food Chem. Toxicol. 40 (2002) 781-788
4. Auriol M., Filali-Meknassi Y., Tyagi R.D., Adams C.D., and Surampalli R.Y. Endocrine disrupting compounds removal from waste water, a new challenge. Process Biochem. 41 (2006) 525-539
5. Stumm-Zollinger E., and Fair G.M. Biodegradation of steroid hormones. J. Water Pollut. Cont. Fed. 37 (1965) 1506-1510
6. Tabak H.H., and Bunch R.L. Steroid hormones as water pollutants. I. Metabolism of natural and synthetic ovulation-inhibiting hormones by microorganisms of activated sludge and primary settled sewage. Dev. Ind. Microbiol. 11 (1970) 367-376
7. Tabak H.H., Bloomhuff R.N., and Bunch R.L. Steroid hormones as water pollutants. II. Studies on the persistence and stability of natural urinary and synthetic ovulation-inhibiting hormones in untreated and treated wastewaters. Dev. Ind. Microbiol. 22 (1981) 497-519
8. Aherne G.W., English J., and Marks V. The role of immunoassay in the analysis of microcontaminants in water samples. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 9 (1985) 79-83
9. Aherne G.W., and Briggs R. The relevance of the presence of certain synthetic steroids in the aquatic environment. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 41 (1989) 735-736
10. Hignite C., and Azarnoff D.L. Drugs and drug metabolites as environmental contaminants: chlorophenoxyisobutyrate and salicylic acid in sewage water effluent. Life Sci. 20 (1977) 337-341
11. Purdom C.E., Hardiman P.A., Bye V.J., Eno N.C., Tyler C.R., and Sumpter J.P. Estrogenic effects of effluents from sewage treatment works. J. Chem. Ecol. 8 (1994) 275-285
12. Jobling S., Noylan M., Tyler C.R., Brighty G., and Sumpter J.P. Widespread sexual disruption in wild fish. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32 (1998) 2498-2506
13. H.E. Bevans, S.L. Goodbred, J.F. Miesner, S.A. Watkins, T.S. Gross, N.D. Denslow, T. Schoeb, Synthetic organic compounds and carp endocrinology and histology in Las Vegas Wash and Las Vegas and Callville Bays of Lake Mead, Nevada, 1992 and 1995, Water-Resources Investigations Report, 1996, pp. 96-4266.
14. Desbrow C., Routledge E.J., Brighty G.C., Sumpter J.P., and Waldock M. Identification of estrogenic chemicals in STW effluent. 1. Chemical fractionation and in vitro biological screening?. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32 11 (1998) 1549-1558
15. Kramer V.J., Miles-Richardson S., Pierens S.L., and Giesy J.P. Reproductive impairment and induction of alkaline-labile phosphate, a biomarker of estrogen exposure, in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to waterborne 17b-estradiol. Aquat. Toxicol. 40 (1998) 335-360
16. Renner R. Human estrogens linked to endocrine disruption. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32 1 (1998) 8A
17. Snyder S.A., Kelly K.A., Grange A.H., Sovocool G.W., Snyder E.M., and Giesy J.P. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the waters of Lake Mead, Nevada. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: scientific and regulatory issues. In: Daughton G.G., and Jones-Lepp T.L. (Eds). American Chemical Society Symposium Series. Washington, DC (2001) 116-140
18. Cook J.W., Dodds E.C., Hewetts C.L., and Lawson W. The estrogenic activity of some condensed ring compounds in relation to their other biological activities. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 114 (1934) 272-286
19. Schueler F.W. Sex-hormonal action and chemical constitution. Science 103 (1946) 221-223
20. Welch R.M., Levin W., and Conney A.H. Estrogenic action of DDT and its analogs. Toxicol. Appl. Pharm. 14 (1969) 358-367
21. Stroud S.W. Metabolism of the parent compounds of some of the simpler synthetic estrogenic hydrocarbons. J. Endocrinol. 2 (1940) 55-62
22. Fisher A.L., Keasling H.H., et al. Estrogenic action of some DDT analogs. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 81 (1952) 439-441
23. Harries J.E., Sheahan D.A., Jobling S., Matthiessen P., Neall P., Sumpter J.P., Tylor T., and Zaman N. Estrogenic activity in five United Kingdom rivers detected by measurement of vitellogenesis in caged male trout. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 16 (1997) 534-542
24. Snyder S.A., Villeneuve D.L., Snyder E.M., and Giesy J.P. Identification and quantification of estrogen receptor agonists in wastewater effluents. Environ. Sci. Technol. 35 (2001) 3620-3625
25. Petrovic M., Eljarrat E., Lopez De Alda M.J., and Barceló D. Endocrine disrupting compounds and other emerging contaminants in the environment: a survey on new monitoring strategies and occurrence data. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 378 (2004) 549-562
26. Robinson B.J., Hui J.P.M., Soo E.C., and Hellou J. Estrogenic compounds in seawater and sediment from Halifax Harbour, Nova Scotia, Canada. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 28 1 (2009) 18-25
27. Das K., Vossen A., Tolley K., Vikingsson G., Thron K., Muller G., Baumgartner W., and Siebert U. Interfollicular fibrosis in the thyroid of the harbour porpoise: an endocrine disruption?. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 51 4 (2006) 720-729
28. Hohenblum P., Gans O., Moche W., Scharf S., and Lorbeer G. Monitoring of selected estrogenic hormones and industrial chemicals in groundwaters and surface waters in Austria. Sci. Total Environ. 333 1-3 (2004) 185-193
29. Hecker M., Hollert H., Cooper R., Vinggaard A.M., Akahori Y., Murphy M., Nellemann C., Higley E., Newsted J., Wu R., Lam P., Laskey J., Buckalew A., Grund S., Nakai M., Timm G., and Giesy J. The OECD validation program of the H295R steroidogenesis assay for the identification of in vitro inhibitors and inducers of testosterone and estradiol production. Phase 2: Inter-laboratory pre-validation studies. Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res. 14 1 (2007) 23-30
30. Snyder S.A., Westerhoff P., Yoon Y., and Sedlak D. Pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and endocrine disruptors in water: implications for the water industry. Environ. Eng. Sci. 20 (2003) 449-469
31. U.S. EPA, Special Report on Environmental Endocrine Disruption: An Effects Assessment and Analysis, Office of Research and Development, Washington, DC, EPA/630/R-36/012, February 1997.
32. Orton F., Lutz I., Kloas W., and Routledge E.J. Endocrine disrupting effects of herbicides and pentachlorophenol: in vitro and in vivo evidence. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43 6 (2009) 2144-2150
33. Zaccaroni A., Gamberoni M., Mandrioli L., Sirri R., Mordenti O., Scaravelli D., Sarli G., and Parmeggiani A. Thyroid hormones as a potential early biomarker of exposure to 4-nonylphenol in adult male shubunkins (Carassius auratus). Sci. Total Environ. 407 10 (2009) 3301-3306
34. Campbell C.G., Borglin S.E., Green F.B., Grayson A., Wozei E., and Stringfellow W.T. Biologically directed environmental monitoring, fate, and transport of estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds in water: a review. Chemosphere 65 (2006) 1265-1280
35. Giesy J.P., Hilscherova K., Jones P.D., Kannan K., and Machala M. Cell bioassays for detections of aryl hydrocarbon (AhR) and estrogen receptor (ER) mediated activity in environmental samples. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 45 (2002) 3-16
36. Labadie P., and Budzinski H. Determination of steroidal hormone profiles along the Jalle d'Eysines River (near Bordeaux, France). Environ. Sci. Technol. 39 14 (2005) 5113-5120
37. Larsbo M., Lapen D.R., Topp E., Metcalfe C., Abbaspour K.C., and Fenner K. Simulation of pharmaceutical and personal care product transport to tile drains after biosolids application. J. Environ. Qual. 38 3 (2009) 1274-1285
38. Kim J.W., Ishibashi H., Yamauchi R., Ichikawa N., Takao Y., Hirano M., Koga M., and Arizono K. Acute toxicity of pharmaceutical and personal care products on freshwater crustacean (Thamnocephalus platyurus) and fish (Oryzias latipes). J. Toxicol. Sci. 34 2 (2009) 227-232
39. Snyder S., Vanderford B., Pearson R., Quinõnes O., and Yoon Y. Analytical methods used to measure endocrine disrupting compounds in water. Pract. Period. Hazard. Toxic Radioactive Waste Manage. 7 4 (2003) 224-234
40. Kagle J., Porter A.W., Murdoch R.W., Rivera-Cancel G., and Hay A.G. Biodegradation of pharmaceutical and personal care products. Adv. Appl. Mircobiol. 67 (2009) 65-108
41. Daughton C.G., and Ternes T.A. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products in the environment: agents of subtle change?. Environ. Health Perspect. 107 (1999) 907-938
42. Tixier C., Singer H.P., Oellers S., and Muller S.R. Occurrence and fate of carbamazepine, clofibric acid, diclofenac, ibuprofen, ketoprofen, and naproxen in surface waters. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37 (2003) 1061-1108
43. Hayes T.B., Case P., Chui S., Chung D., Haeffele C., Haston K., Lee M., Mai V.P., Marjuoa Y., Parker J., and Tsui M. Pesticide mixtures, endocrine disruption, and amphibian declines: Are we underestimating the impact?. Environ. Health Perspect. 114 (2006) 40-50
44. Canesi L., Lorusso L.C., Ciacci C., Betti M., Rocchi M., Pojana G., and Marcomini A. Immunomodulation of Mytilus hemocytes by individual estrogenic chemicals and environmentally relevant mixtures of estrogens: in vitro and in vivo studies. Aquat. Toxicol. 81 1 (2007) 36-44
45. Hoekstra P.F., Burnison B.K., Garrison A.W., Neheli T., and Muir D.C.G. Estrogenic activity of dicofol with the human estrogen receptor: isomer- and enantiomer-specific implications. Chemosphere 64 1 (2006) 174-177
46. Sharpe R.M., and Skakkebaek N.E. Are oestrogens involved in falling sperm counts and disorders of the male reproductive tract?. Lancet 341 (1993) 1392-1395
47. Itoh N., Kayama F., Tatsuki T.J., and Tsukamoto T. Have sperm counts deteriorated over the past 20 years in healthy, young Japanese men? Results from the Sapporo area. J. Androl. 22 (2001) 40-44
48. Mantovani A., and Maranghi F. Risk assessment of chemicals potentially affecting male fertility. Contraception 72 4 (2005) 308-313
49. Swan S.H., Elkin E.P., and Fenster L. Have sperm densities declined? A reanalysis of global trend data. Environ. Health Perspect. 105 (1997) 1228-1232
50. Dallinga J.W., Moonen E.J.C., Dumoulin J.C.M., Evers J.L.H., Geraedts J.P.M., and Kleinjans J.C.S. Decreasing human semen quality and organochlorine compounds in blood. Hum. Reprod. 17 (2002) 1973-1979
51. Müller S.O. Xenoestrogens: mechanisms of action and detection methods. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 378 (2004) 582-587
52. Kuriyama S.N., Wanner A., Fidalgo-Neto A.A., Talsness C.E., Koerner W., and Chahoud I. Developmental exposure to low-dose PBDE-99: tissue distribution and thyroid hormone levels. Toxicology 242 1-3 (2007) 80-90
53. Nicolopoulou-Stamati P., Hens L., and Howard C.V. Endocrine Disrupters, Environmental Health, Policies (2001), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, MA
54. Zwiener C., and Frimmel F.H. LC-MS analysis in the aquatic environment and in water treatment-a critical review. Part II: Applications for emerging contaminants and related pollutants, microorganisms and humic acids. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 378 (2004) 862-874
55. Barceló D. Emerging pollutants in water analysis. Trac-trend Anal. Chem. 22 (2003) xiv-xvi
56. Crofton K.M., Paul K.B., De Vito M.J., and Hedge J.M. Short-term in vivo exposure to the water contaminant triclosan: evidence for disruption of thyroxine. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 24 2 (2007) 194-197
57. Kuiper R.V., Canton R.F., Leonards P.E.G., Jenssen B.M., Dubbeldam M., Wester P.W., van den Berg M., Vos J.G., and Vethaak A.D. Long-term exposure of European flounder (Platichthys flesus) to the flame-retardants tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD). Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 67 3 (2007) 349-360
58. U.S. EPA, Aquatic Life Ambient Water Quality Criteria, Nonylphenol-Final, Office of Water. 4304T. EPA-822-F-05-003, 2006.
59. Lv X., Zhou Q.F., Song M.Y., Jiang G.B., and Shao J. Vitellogenic responses of 17β-estradiol and bisphenol A in male Chinese loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus). Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 24 2 (2007) 155-159
60. Burton G.A., Pitt R., and Clark S. The role of traditional and novel toxicity test methods in assessing stormwater and sediment contamination. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30 4 (2000) 413-447
61. Soto A.M., Calabro J.M., Prechtl N.V., Yau A.Y., Orlando E.F., Daxenberger A., Kolok A.S., Guillette L.J., le Bizec B., Lange I.G., and Sonnenschein C. Androgenic and estrogenic activity in water bodies receiving cattle feedlot effluent in eastern Nebraska, USA. Environ. Health Perspect. 112 (2004) 346-352
62. Hamers T., Kamstra J.H., Sonneveld E., Murk A.J., Visser T.J., Van Velzen M.J.M., Brouwer A., and Bergman A. Biotransformation of brominated flame retardants into potentially endocrine-disrupting metabolites, with special attention to 2,2′,4,4′-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47). Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 52 2 (2008) 284-298
63. Legler J., Zeinstra L.M., Schuitemaker F., Lanser P.H., Bogerd J., Brouwer A., Vethaak A.D., DeVoogt P., Murk A.J., and Van der Burg B. Comparison of in vivo and in vitro reporter gene assays for short-term screening of estrogenic activity. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36 (2002) 4410-4415
64. Michallet-Ferrier P., Ait-Aissa S., Balaguer P., Dominik J., Haffner G.D., and Pardos M. Assessment of estrogen (ER) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediated activities in organic sediment extracts of the Detroit River, using in vitro bioassays based on human MELN and teleost PLHC-1 cell lines. J. Great Lakes Res. 30 1 (2004) 82-92
65. Jimenez B. Environmental effects of endocrine disruptors and current methodologies for assessing wildlife health effects. Trac-trend Anal. Chem. 16 (1997) 596-606
66. Saaristo M., Craft J.A., Lehtonen K.K., Bjork H., and Lindstrom K. Disruption of sexual selection in sand gobies (Pomatoschistus minutus) by 17α-ethinyl estradiol, an endocrine disruptor. Horm. Behav. 55 4 (2009) 530-537
67. Gascón J., Oubiňa A., and Barceló D. Detection of endocrine disrupting pesticides by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA): application to atrazine. Trac-trend Anal. Chem. 16 (1997) 554-562
68. Alyea R.A., and Watson C.S. Differential regulation of dopamine transporter function and location by low concentrations of environmental estrogens and 17β-estradiol. Environ. Health Perspect. 117 5 (2009) 778-783
69. Hayes T., Haston K., Tsui M., Hoang A., Haeffele C., and Yonk A. Feminization of male frogs in the wild: water-borne herbicide threatens amphibian populations in parts of the United States. Nature 419 (2002) 895-896
70. Opitz R., Hartmann S., Blank T., Braunbeck T., Lutz I., and Kloas W. Evaluation of histological and molecular endpoints for enhanced detection of thyroid system disruption in Xenopus laevis tadpoles. Toxicol. Sci. 90 2 (2006) 337-348
71. Micael J., Reis-Henriques M.A., Carvalho A.P., and Santos M.M. Genotoxic effects of binary mixtures of xenoandrogens (tributyltin, triphenyltin) and a xenoestrogen (ethinylestradiol) in a partial life-cycle test with Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Environ. Int. 33 8 (2007) 1035-1039
72. Soares A., Guieysse B., Jefferson B., Cartmell E., and Lester J.N. Nonylphenol in the environment: a critical review on occurrence, fate, toxicity and treatment in wastewaters. Environ. Int. 34 7 (2008) 1033-1049
73. Fenner-Crisp P.A., Maciorowski A.F., and Timm G.E. The endocrine disruptor screening program developed by the U.S. Environmental Protections Agency. Ecotoxicology 9 (2000) 85-91
74. Folmar L.C., Hemme M., Hemmer R., Bowman C., Kroll K., and Denslow N.D. Comparative estrogenicity of estradiol, ethynyl estradiol and diethylstilbestrol in an in vivo male sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) vitellogenin bioassay. Aquat. Toxicol. 49 (2000) 77-88
75. Warner K.E., and Jenkins J.J. Effects of 17α-ethinylestradiol and bisphenol a on vertebral development in the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 26 4 (2007) 732-737
76. Kurauchi K., Nakaguchi Y., Tsutsumi M., Hori H., Kurihara R., Hashimoto S., Ohnuma R., Yamamoto Y., Matsuoka S., Kawai S., Hirata T., and Kinoshita M. In vivo visual reporter system for detection of estrogen-like substances by transgenic medaka. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39 (2005) 2762-2768
77. Houck K.A., and Kavlock R.J. Understanding mechanisms of toxicity: insights from drug discovery research. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 227 2 (2008) 163-178
78. Hoffmann J.L., Torontali S.P., Thomason R.G., Lee D.M., Brill J.L., Price B.B., Carr G.J., and Versteeg D.J. Hepatic gene expression profiling using Genechips in zebrafish exposed to 17α-ethynylestradiol. Aquat. Toxicol. 79 3 (2006) 233-246
79. Seifert M. Luminescent enzyme-linked receptor assay for estrogenic compounds. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 378 (2004) 684-687
80. Wei Y.H., Dai J.Y., Liu M., Wang J.S., Xu M.Q., Zha J.M., and Wang Z.J. Estrogen-like properties of perfluorooctanoic acid as revealed by expressing hepatic estrogen-responsive genes in rare minnows (Gobiocypris rarus). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 26 11 (2007) 2440-2447
81. Erb J.L., Graber E.A.E., Downward IV J.G., Priuska E.M., Wittliff J.L., and Manger J. Data from an estrogen receptor-based biosensor correlates with evidence of frog malformation and demonstrates a differential response of hER-α & β to beneficial and harmful estrogenic compounds. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Pharmaceuticals and Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Water, October 9-11, 2001. Minneapolis, MN (2001) pp. 203-217
82. Rodriguez-Mozaz S., Reder S., Lopez de Alda M.J., Gauglitz G., and Barceló D. Simultaneous multi-analyte determination of estrone, isoprpturon, and atrazine in natural waters by the River ANAlyzer (RIANA), an optical immunosensoroptical immunosenso. Biosens. Bioelectron. 19 (2004) 633-640
83. Awais M., Sato M., Sasaki K., and Umezawa Y. A genetically encoded fluorescent indicator capable of discriminating estrogen agonists form antagonists in living cells. Anal. Chem. 76 (2004) 2181-2186
84. Zhihong M., Xiaohui L., and Weiling F. A new sandwich-type assay of estrogen using piezoelectric biosensor immobilized with estrogen response element. Anal. Commun. 36 (1999) 281-283
85. Heisterkamp I., Ganrass J., and Ruck W. Bioassay-directed chemical analysis utilizing LC-MS: a tool for identifying estrogenic compounds in water samples?. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 378 (2004) 709-715
86. Sachera F., Langea F.T., Braucha H.-J., and Blankenhornb I. Pharmaceuticals in ground waters. Analytical methods and results of a monitoring program in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. J. Chromatogr. A 938 (2001) 199-210
87. Skoog D.A., and Leary J.J. Principles of Instrumental Analysis (1991), Saunders College Publishing, Philadelphia, PA
88. Dean J.R. Methods for Environmental Trace Analysis (2003), John Wiley & Sons Inc., Hoboken, NJ
89. S.D. Zaugg, S.G. Smith, M.P. Schroeder, L.B. Barber, M.R. Burkhardt, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality laboratory-Determination of Wastewater Compounds by Polystyrene-Divinylbenzene Solid-Phase Extraction and Capilary-Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4186, US. Geological Survey, Denver, CO, 2002.
90. Patrolecco L., Capri S., De Angelis S., Pagnotta R., Polesello S., and Valsecchi S. Partition of nonylphenol and related compounds among different aquatic compartments in Tiber River (Central Italy). Water, Air, Soil Pollut. 172 1-4 (2006) 151-166
91. Gentili A., Perret D., Marchese S., Mastropasqua R., Curini R., and Di Corcia A. Analysis of free estrogens and their conjugates in sewage and river waters by solid-phase extraction then liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry. Chromatographia 56 1-2 (2002) 25-32
92. Bravo J.C., Garcinuno R.M., Fernandez P., and Durand J.S. A new molecularly imprinted polymer for the on-column solid-phase extraction of diethylstilbestrol from aqueous samples. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 388 5-6 (2007) 1039-1045
93. Gatidou G., Thomaidis N.S., Stasinakis A.S., and Lekkas T.D. Simultaneous determination of the endocrine disrupting compounds nonylphenol, nonylphenol ethoxylates, triclosan and bisphenol A in wastewater and sewage sludge by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1138 (2007) 32-41
94. Hernando M.D., Mezcua M., Gómez M.J., Malato O., Agüera A., and Fernández-Alba A.R. Comparative study of analytical methods involving gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after derivatization and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of selected endocrine disrupting compounds in wastewaters. J. Chromatogr. A 1047 (2004) 129-135
95. Stuart J.D., Capulong C.P., Launer K.D., and Pan X. Analyses of phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals in marine samples by both gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1079 (2005) 136-145
96. M.J. Fishman, Methods of Analysis by the U.S. Geological Survey National Water Quality Laboratory-Determination of Inorganic and Organic Constituents in Water and Fluvial Sediments, U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 93-125, US. Geological Survey, Denver, CO, 1993, p. 217.
97. Yu J.C.C., Hrdina A., Mancini C., and Lai E.P.C. Molecularly imprinted polypyrrole encapsulated carbon nanotubes in stainless steel frit for micro solid phase extraction of estrogenic compounds. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 7 9 (2007) 3095-3103
98. Louch D., Motlagh S., and Pawliszyn J. Dynamics of organic compound extraction from water using liquid-coated silica fibres. Anal. Chem. 64 (1992) 1187-1199
99. Basheer C., Parthiban A., Jayaraman A., Lee H.K., and Valiyaveettil S. Determination of alkylphenols and bisphenol-A. A comparative investigation of functional polymer-coated membrane microextraction and solid-phase microextraction techniques. J. Chromatogr. A 1087 (2005) 274-282
100. del Olmo M., Zafra A., Suarez B., Gonzalez-Casado A., Taoufiki J., and Vilchez J.L. Use of solid-phase microextraction followed by on-column silylation for determining chlorinated bisphenol A in human plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. B: Anal. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 817 2 (2005) 167-172
101. Diaz A., Ventura F., and Galceran M.T. Simultaneous determination of estrogenic short ethoxy chain nonylphenols and their acidic metabolites in water by an in-sample derivatization/solid-phase microextraction method. Anal. Chem. 74 (2002) 3869-3876
102. Helaleh M.I.H., Fujii S., and Korenaga T. Column silylation method for determining endocrine disruptors from environmental water samples by solid phase micro-extraction. Talanta 54 6 (2001) 1039-1047
103. Djozan D., and Ebrahimi B. Preparation of new solid phase micro extraction fiber on the basis of atrazine-molecular imprinted polymer: application for GC and GC/MS screening of triazine herbicides in water, rice and onion. Anal. Chim. Acta 616 2 (2008) 152-159
104. F. Zhu, H.S. Chang, K.H. Choo, S.J. Choi, B. Lee, Effects of NOM and colloids on the adsorptive behavior of bisphenol A in modified solid phase micro-extraction, in: Proceedings of the 6th IWA/GRA Specialized Conference on Assessment and Control of Micropollutants/Hazardous Substances in Water, June 8-10, 2009, San Francisco, CA, 2009, pp. 328-329.
105. Wen H.J., Bergendahl J.A., and Thompson R.W. Removal of estrone from water by adsorption on zeolites with regeneration by direct UV photolysis. Environ. Eng. Sci. 26 2 (2009) 319-326
106. Lambropoulou D.A., and Albanis T.A. Sensitive trace enrichment of environmental andiandrogen vinclozolin from natural waters and sediment samples using hollow-fiber liquid-phase microextraction. J. Chromatogr. A 1061 1 (2004) 11-18
107. Lambropoulou D.A., and Albanis T.A. Liquid-phase micro-extraction techniques in pesticide residue analysis. J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 70 2 (2007) 195-228
108. Kawaguchi M., Ito R., Endo N., Okanouchi N., Sakui N., Saito K., and Nakazawa H. Liquid phase microextraction with in situ derivatization for measurement of bisphenol A in river water sample by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1110 (2006) 1-5
109. Basheer C., and Lee H.K. Analysis of endocrine disrupting alkylphenols, chlorophenols and bisphenol-A using hollow fiber-protected liquid-phase microextraction coupled with injection port-derivatization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A 1057 (2004) 163-169
110. Vanderford B.J., Pearson R.A., Rexing D.J., and Snyder S.A. Analysis of endocrine disruptors, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products in water using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem. 75 (2003) 6265-6274
111. Denier X., Couteau J., Baudrimont M., Hill E.M., Rotchell J., and Minier C. In vitro study of the effects of cadmium on the activation of the estrogen response element using the YES screen. Mar. Environ. Res. 66 (2008) 108-110
112. Oh S.M., Ryu B.T., and Chung K.H. Identification of estrogenic and antiestrogenic activities of respirable diesel exhaust particles by bioassay-directed fractionation. Arch. Pharmacal Res. 31 1 (2008) 75-82
113. Quiros L., Cespedes R., Lacorte S., Viana P., Raldua D., Barcelo D., and Pina B. Detection and evaluation of endocrine-disruption activity in water samples from Portuguese rivers. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 24 2 (2005) 389-395
114. Ternes T.A., Meisenheimer M., Mcdowell D., Brauch H.J., Brigitte H.G., Preuss G., William U., and Zulei-Seibert N. Removal of pharmaceuticals during drinking water treatment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36 (2002) 3855-3863
115. Westerhoff P., Yoon Y., Snyder S., and Wert E. Fate of endocrine-disruptor, pharmaceutical, and personal care product chemicals during simulated drinking water treatment processes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39 (2005) 6649-6663
116. Shon H.K., Vigneswaran S., and Snyder S.A. Effluent organic matter (EfOM) in waste water; constituents, effects, and treatment. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36 (2006) 327-374
117. Kim T.U., Amy G., and Drewes J.E. Rejection of trace organic compounds by high-pressure membranes. Water Sci. Technol. 51 6-7 (2005) 335-344
118. Kimura K., Toshima S., Amy G., and Watanabe Y. Rejection of neutral endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) and pharmaceutical active compounds (PhACs) by RO membranes. J. Membr. Sci. 245 1-2 (2004) 71-78
119. Nghiem L.D., and Schafer A.I. Adsorption and transport of trace contaminant estrone in NF/RO membranes. Environ. Eng. Sci. 19 6 (2002) 441-451
120. Yoon Y., Westerhoff P., Snyder S.A., and Wert E.C. Nanofiltration and ultrafiltration of endocrine disrupting compounds, pharmaceuticals and personal care products. J. Membr. Sci. 270 1-2 (2006) 88-100
121. Comerton A.M., Andrews R.C., Bagley D.M., and Yang P. Membrane adsorption of endocrine disrupting compounds and pharmaceutically active compounds. J. Membr. Sci. 303 1-2 (2007) 267-277
122. Kim J.H., Park P.K., Lee C.H., and Kwon H.H. Surface modification of nanofiltration membranes to improve the removal of organic micro-pollutants (EDCs and PhACs) in drinking water treatment: graft polymerization and cross-linking followed by functional group substitution. J. Membr. Sci. 321 2 (2008) 190-198
123. Comerton A.M., Andrews R.C., Bagley D.M., and Hao C.Y. The rejection of endocrine disrupting and pharmaceutically active compounds by NF and RO membranes as a function of compound a water matrix properties. J. Membr. Sci. 313 1-2 (2008) 323-335
124. Comerton A.M., Andyews R.C., and Bagley D.M. The influence of natural organic matter and cations on the rejection of endocrine disrupting and pharmaceutically active compounds by nanofiltration. Water Res. 43 3 (2009) 613-622
125. Comerton A.M., Andrews R.C., and Bagley D.M. The influence of natural organic matter and cations on fouled nanofiltration membrane effective molecular weight cut-off. J. Membr. Sci. 327 1-2 (2009) 155-163
126. Chang S., Waite T.D., and Fane A.G. A simplified model for trace organics removal by continuous flow PAC adsorption/submerged membrane processes. J. Membr. Sci. 253 1-2 (2005) 81-87
127. Chang S.J., Jang N.J., Yeo Y.H., and Kim I.S. Fate and transport of endocrine-disrupting compounds (oestrone and 17β-oestradiol) in a membrane bio-reactor used for water re-use. Water Sci. Technol. 53 9 (2006) 123-130
128. Lee G., Nunoura T., Matsumura Y., and Yamamoto K. Comparison of the effects of the addition of NaOH on the decomposition of 2-chlorophenol and phenol in supercritical water and under supercritical water oxidation conditions. J. Supercrit. Fluid 24 3 (2002) 239-250
129. Kim J.H., Park P.K., Lee C.H., Kwon H.H., and Lee S. A novel hybrid system for the removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals: nanofiltration and homogeneous catalytic oxidation. J. Membr. Sci. 312 1-2 (2008) 66-75
130. Ryu J., Choi W., and Choo K.H. A pilot-scale photocatalyst-membrane hybrid reactor: performance and characterization. Water Sci. Technol. 51 6-7 (2005) 491-497
131. Zhang Y.P., and Zhou J.L. Removal of estrone and 17β-estradiol from water by adsorption. Water Res. 39 16 (2005) 3991-4003
132. Yoon Y., Westerhoff P., Snyder S.A., and Esparza M. HPLC-fluorescence detection and adsorption of bisphenol A, 17β-estradiol, and 17α-ethynyl estradiol on powdered activated carbon. Water Res. 37 (2003) 3530-3537
133. Kumar A.K., Mohan S.V., and Sarma P.N. Sorptive removal of endocrine-disruptive compound (estriol, E3) from aqueous phase by batch and column studies: kinetic and mechanistic evaluation. J. Hazard. Mater. 164 2-3 (2009) 820-828
134. Yu Z., Peldszus S., and Huck P.M. Adsorption of selected pharmaceuticals and an endocrine disrupting compound by granular activated carbon. 1. Adsorption capacity and kinetics. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43 5 (2009) 1467-1473
135. Yu Z., Peldszus S., and Huck P.M. Adsorption of selected pharmaceuticals and an endocrine disrupting compound by granular activated carbon. 2. Model prediction. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43 5 (2009) 1474-1479
136. Inumaru K., Kiyoto J., and Yamanaka S. Molecular selective adsorption of nonylphenol in aqueous solution by organo-functionalized mesoporous silica. Chem. Commun. (2000) 903-904
137. Yamaguchi A., Awano T., Oyaizu K., and Yuasa M. Surface-modified mesoporous silicas as recyclable adsorbents of an endocrine disrupter, bisphenol A. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 6 (2006) 1689-1694
138. Le Noir M., Plieva F.M., and Mattiasson B. Removal of endocrine-disrupting compounds from water using macroporous molecularly imprinted cryogels in a moving-bed reactor. J. Sep. Sci. 32 9 (2009) 1471-1479
139. 2: effect of physicochemical properties of toxic chemicals. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 48 3 (2009) 1586-1592
140. Joss A., Keller E., Alder A.C., Gobel A., McArdell C.S., Ternes T., and Siegrist H. Removal of pharmaceuticals and fragrances in biological wastewater treatment. Water Res. 39 (2005) 3139-3152
141. Janex-Habibi M.L., Huyard A., Esperanza M., and Bruchet A. Reduction of endocrine disruptor emissions in the environment: the benefit of wastewater treatment. Water Res. 43 6 (2009) 1565-1576
142. Forrez I., Carballa M., Noppe H., De Brabander H., Boon N., and Verstraete W. Influence of manganese and ammonium oxidation on the removal of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2). Water Res. 43 1 (2009) 77-86
143. Ternes T.A., Stuber J., Herrmann N., McDowell D., Ried A., Kampmann N., and Teiser B. Ozonation: a tool for removal of pharmaceuticals, contrast media and musk fragrances from wastewater?. Water Res. 37 (2003) 1976-1982
144. Pinkston K.E., and Sedlak D.L. Transformation of aromatic ether- and amine-containing pharmaceuticals during chlorine disinfection. Environ. Sci. Technol. 38 (2004) 4019-4025
145. 2. Sci. Total Environ. 407 1 (2008) 105-115
146. Zhou D., Wu F., Deng N., and Xing W. Photooxidation of bisphenol A (BPA) in water in the presence of ferric and carboxylate salts. Water Res. 38 (2004) 4107-4116
147. Torres R.A., Abdelmalek F., Combet E., Pétrier C., and Pulgarin C. A comparative study of ultrasonic cavitation and Fenton's reagent for bisphenol A degradation in deionized and natural waters. J. Hazard. Mater. 146 (2007) 546-551
148. 2/UV-C oxidation of potential endocrine disrupting compounds: a case study with dimethyl phthalate. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci. 8 (2009) 620-627
149. Lee J., Lee B.C., Ra J.S., Cho J., Kim I.S., Chang N.I., Kim H.K., and Kim S.D. Comparison of the removal efficiency of endocrine disrupting compounds in pilot scale sewage treatment processes. Chemosphere 71 8 (2008) 1582-1592
150. Sasai R., Sugiyama D., Takahashi S., Tong Z.W., Shichi T., Itoh H., and Takagi K. The removal and photodecomposition of n-nonylphenol using hydrophobic clay incorporated with copper-phthalocyanine in aqueous media. J. Photochem. Photobiol. A 155 1-3 (2003) 223-229
151. Choo K.H., Chang D.I., Park K.W., and Kim M.H. Use of an integrated photocatalysis/hollow fiber microfiltration system for the removal of trichloroethylene in water. J. Hazard. Mater. 152 (2008) 183-190
152. G.L. Puma, Removal of mixtures of estrone (E1), 17β-estadiol (E2), 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and estriol (E3) by photolysis and TiO2 photocatalysis, in: Proceedings of the 6th IWA/GRA Specialized Conference on Assessment and Control of Micropollutants/Hazardous Substances in Water, June 8-10, 2009, San Francisco, CA, 2009, pp. 352-353.
153. Krause H., Schweiger B., Schuhmacher J., Scholl S., and Steinfeld U. Degradation of the endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) carbamazepine, clofibric acid, and iopromide by corona discharge over water. Chemosphere 75 2 (2009) 163-168