메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 47, Issue 9, 2009, Pages 841-858

A comparison of sodium calcium edetate (edetate calcium disodium) and succimer (DMSA) in the treatment of inorganic lead poisoning Sodium calcium edetate and DMSA in lead poisoning

Author keywords

DMSA; Edetate calcium disodium; Lead; Poisoning; Sodium calcium edetate; Succimer; Treatment

Indexed keywords

CARBON 14; EDETATE CALCIUM DISODIUM; SUCCIMER; TECHNETIUM 99M;

EID: 70350458849     PISSN: 15563650     EISSN: 15569519     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/15563650903321064     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (68)

References (84)
  • 1
    • 33749252978 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHO. 15th ed. Geneva: World Health Organisation
    • WHO. WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. 15th ed. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 2007.
    • (2007) WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
  • 2
    • 0013788050 scopus 로고
    • Chelating therapy with Na-DMS in occupational lead and mercury intoxications
    • Wang S-C, Ting K-S, Wu C-C. Chelating therapy with Na-DMS in occupational lead and mercury intoxications. Chin Med J (Engl) 1965; 84:437-439.
    • (1965) Chin Med J (Engl) , vol.84 , pp. 437-439
    • Wang, S.-C.1    Ting, K.-S.2    Wu, C.-C.3
  • 4
    • 0023742921 scopus 로고
    • Dose-response study of oral 2,3- dimercaptosuccinic acid in children with elevated blood lead concentrations
    • Graziano JH, Lolacono NJ, Meyer P. Dose-response study of oral 2,3- dimercaptosuccinic acid in children with elevated blood lead concentrations. J Pediatr 1988; 113:751-757.
    • (1988) J Pediatr , vol.113 , pp. 751-757
    • Graziano, J.H.1    Lolacono, N.J.2    Meyer, P.3
  • 6
    • 70349682356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of oral dimercaptosuccinic acid (succimer; DMSA) in adult patients with inorganic lead poisoning
    • Bradberry S, Sheehan T, Vale A. Use of oral dimercaptosuccinic acid (succimer; DMSA) in adult patients with inorganic lead poisoning. QJM 2009; 102:721-732.
    • (2009) QJM , vol.102 , pp. 721-732
    • Bradberry, S.1    Sheehan, T.2    Vale, A.3
  • 7
    • 69149087793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dimercaptosuccinic acid (succimer; DMSA) in inorganic lead poisoning
    • Bradberry S, Vale A. Dimercaptosuccinic acid (succimer; DMSA) in inorganic lead poisoning. Clin Toxicol 2009; 47:617-631.
    • (2009) Clin Toxicol , vol.47 , pp. 617-631
    • Bradberry, S.1    Vale, A.2
  • 8
    • 0024505694 scopus 로고
    • Influence of 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid on gastrointestinal lead absorption and whole-body lead retention
    • Kapoor SC, Wielopolski L, Graziano JH, LoIacono NJ. Influence of 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid on gastrointestinal lead absorption and whole-body lead retention. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1989; 97:525-529.
    • (1989) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.97 , pp. 525-529
    • Kapoor, S.C.1    Wielopolski, L.2    Graziano, J.H.3    Loiacono, N.J.4
  • 9
    • 0027930227 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of combined chelation in lead intoxication
    • Tandon SK, Singh S, Jain VK. Efficacy of combined chelation in lead intoxication. Chem Res Toxicol 1994; 7:585-589.
    • (1994) Chem Res Toxicol , vol.7 , pp. 585-589
    • Tandon, S.K.1    Singh, S.2    Jain, V.K.3
  • 10
    • 0029002738 scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic efficacy of combined meso 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid and calcium disodium edetate treatment during acute lead intoxication in rats
    • Flora GJS, Seth PK, Prakash AO, Mathur R. Therapeutic efficacy of combined meso 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid and calcium disodium edetate treatment during acute lead intoxication in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 1995; 14:410-413.
    • (1995) Hum Exp Toxicol , vol.14 , pp. 410-413
    • Flora, G.J.S.1    Seth, P.K.2    Prakash, A.O.3    Mathur, R.4
  • 11
    • 77957177450 scopus 로고
    • Combined therapeutic potential of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid and calcium disodium edetate on the mobilization and distribution of lead in experimental lead intoxication in rats
    • Flora SJS, Bhattacharya R, Vijayaraghavan R. Combined therapeutic potential of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid and calcium disodium edetate on the mobilization and distribution of lead in experimental lead intoxication in rats. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1995; 25:233-240.
    • (1995) Fundam Appl Toxicol , vol.25 , pp. 233-240
    • Flora, S.J.S.1    Bhattacharya, R.2    Vijayaraghavan, R.3
  • 12
    • 0030062463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Combined therapeutic efficacy of few thiols with calcium disodium versenate during acute lead intoxication in mice
    • Flora GJS, Seth PK, Kannan GM, Pant BP, Malhotra PR. Combined therapeutic efficacy of few thiols with calcium disodium versenate during acute lead intoxication in mice. Trace Elem Electrolytes 1996; 13:33-36.
    • (1996) Trace Elem Electrolytes , vol.13 , pp. 33-36
    • Flora, G.J.S.1    Seth, P.K.2    Kannan, G.M.3    Pant, B.P.4    Malhotra, P.R.5
  • 13
    • 0031960081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recovery from lead induced biochemical and immunological alterations following combined treatment with DMSA and calcium disodium EDTA in rats
    • Flora GJS, Kumar P, Seth PK. Recovery from lead induced biochemical and immunological alterations following combined treatment with DMSA and calcium disodium EDTA in rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 1998; 5:127-134.
    • (1998) Environ Toxicol Pharmacol , vol.5 , pp. 127-134
    • Flora, G.J.S.1    Kumar, P.2    Seth, P.K.3
  • 15
    • 0000957549 scopus 로고
    • 14 labeled ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in human beings
    • 14 labeled ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in human beings. J Lab Clin Med 1954; 43:566-571.
    • (1954) J Lab Clin Med , vol.43 , pp. 566-571
    • Foreman, H.1    Trujillo, T.T.2
  • 16
    • 0002000533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heavy metals and heavy-metal antagonists
    • Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Molinoff PB, Ruddon RW, Gilman AG, eds. 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill
    • Klaassen CD. Heavy metals and heavy-metal antagonists. In: Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Molinoff PB, Ruddon RW, Gilman AG, eds. Goodman & Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 9th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1996:1649-1671.
    • (1996) Goodman & Gilman's the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics , pp. 1649-1671
    • Klaassen, C.D.1
  • 17
    • 0343950947 scopus 로고
    • Chemistry of chelation: Chelating agent antagonists for toxic metals
    • Goyer RA, Cherian MG, eds. Toxicology of Metals: Biochemical Aspects (Born GVR, Cuatrecasas P, Ganten D, Herken H, Melmon KL, eds. Heidelberg: Springer Verlag
    • Jones MM. Chemistry of chelation: chelating agent antagonists for toxic metals. In: Goyer RA, Cherian MG, eds. Toxicology of Metals: Biochemical Aspects (Born GVR, Cuatrecasas P, Ganten D, Herken H, Melmon KL, eds. Handbook of experimental pharmacology). Heidelberg: Springer Verlag; 1995:279-304.
    • (1995) Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology , pp. 279-304
    • Jones, M.M.1
  • 18
    • 0006036231 scopus 로고
    • The diagnostic and therapeutic use of edathamil calcium-disodium (EDTA, versene) in excessive inorganic lead absorption
    • Leckie WJH, Tompsett SL. The diagnostic and therapeutic use of edathamil calcium-disodium (EDTA, versene) in excessive inorganic lead absorption. QJM 1958; 27:65-82.
    • (1958) QJM , vol.27 , pp. 65-82
    • Leckie, W.J.H.1    Tompsett, S.L.2
  • 19
    • 0022931246 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of CaNa2-EDTA and chelation of lead in renal failure
    • Osterloh J, Becker CE. Pharmacokinetics of CaNa2-EDTA and chelation of lead in renal failure. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1986; 40:686-693.
    • (1986) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.40 , pp. 686-693
    • Osterloh, J.1    Becker, C.E.2
  • 20
    • 0000084274 scopus 로고
    • 14-labeled ethylenediamine- tetraacetic acid in the rat
    • 14-labeled ethylenediamine- tetraacetic acid in the rat. J Biol Chem 1953; 203:1045-1053.
    • (1953) J Biol Chem , vol.203 , pp. 1045-1053
    • Foreman, H.1    Vier, M.2    Magee, M.3
  • 21
    • 0022460662 scopus 로고
    • Partitioning of renal zinc between metallothionein and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) after treatment of rats with Ca(Na)2EDTA
    • Miller CR, Zhu S-Y, Victery W, Goyer RA. Partitioning of renal zinc between metallothionein and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) after treatment of rats with Ca(Na)2EDTA. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1986; 84:584-592.
    • (1986) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.84 , pp. 584-592
    • Miller, C.R.1    Zhu, S.-Y.2    Victery, W.3    Goyer, R.A.4
  • 22
    • 0016615896 scopus 로고
    • Lead induced inclusion bodies. Results of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid treatment
    • Goyer RA, Wilson MH. Lead induced inclusion bodies. Results of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid treatment. Lab Invest 1975; 32:149-156.
    • (1975) Lab Invest , vol.32 , pp. 149-156
    • Goyer, R.A.1    Wilson, M.H.2
  • 23
    • 70349328788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sweetman SC, Blake PS, Neathercoat GC, Parsons AV, eds. 35th ed. London: The Pharmaceutical Press
    • Sweetman SC, Blake PS, Neathercoat GC, Parsons AV, eds. Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference. 35th ed. London: The Pharmaceutical Press; 2007.
    • (2007) Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference
  • 24
    • 0004047129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dollery C, ed. 2nd ed. London: Churchill Livingstone
    • Dollery C, ed. Therapeutic Drugs. 2nd ed. London: Churchill Livingstone; 1999.
    • (1999) Therapeutic Drugs
  • 25
    • 0014103690 scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of mobilization of lead by ethylenediaminetetraacetate
    • Hammond PB, Aronson AL, Olson WC. The mechanism of mobilization of lead by ethylenediaminetetraacetate. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1967; 157:196-206.
    • (1967) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.157 , pp. 196-206
    • Hammond, P.B.1    Aronson, A.L.2    Olson, W.C.3
  • 26
    • 0023608671 scopus 로고
    • Mobilization and redistribution of lead over the course of calcium disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate chelation therapy
    • Cory-Slechta DA, Weiss B, Cox C. Mobilization and redistribution of lead over the course of calcium disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate chelation therapy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1987; 243:804-813.
    • (1987) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.243 , pp. 804-813
    • Cory-Slechta, D.A.1    Weiss, B.2    Cox, C.3
  • 27
    • 0038728565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transport of organic anions across the basolateral membrane of proximal tubule cells
    • Burckhardt BC, Burckhardt G. Transport of organic anions across the basolateral membrane of proximal tubule cells. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2003; 146:95-158.
    • (2003) Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol , vol.146 , pp. 95-158
    • Burckhardt, B.C.1    Burckhardt, G.2
  • 29
    • 0025121257 scopus 로고
    • Determination and metabolism of dithiol chelating agents: X. in humans, meso- 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid is bound to plasma proteins via mixed disulfide formation
    • Maiorino RM, Akins JM, Blaha K, Carter DE, Aposhian HV. Determination and metabolism of dithiol chelating agents: X. In humans, meso- 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid is bound to plasma proteins via mixed disulfide formation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1990; 254:570-577.
    • (1990) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.254 , pp. 570-577
    • Maiorino, R.M.1    Akins, J.M.2    Blaha, K.3    Carter, D.E.4    Aposhian, H.V.5
  • 30
    • 0024472687 scopus 로고
    • The biological fate of 14C-dimercaptosuccinic acid in monkeys and rabbits
    • Tillotson JA, Boswell G, Kincannon L, Speckman CL. The biological fate of 14C-dimercaptosuccinic acid in monkeys and rabbits. Mil Med 1989; 154:444-449.
    • (1989) Mil Med , vol.154 , pp. 444-449
    • Tillotson, J.A.1    Boswell, G.2    Kincannon, L.3    Speckman, C.L.4
  • 36
    • 84907135018 scopus 로고
    • The effect of DMSA loading on the renal handling of technetium-99m in rats
    • Provoost AP, Van Aken M. The effect of DMSA loading on the renal handling of technetium-99 m in rats. Uremia Invest 1985; 9:147-150. (Pubitemid 16039458)
    • (1985) Uremia Investigation , vol.9 , Issue.2 , pp. 147-150
    • Provoost, A.P.1    Van Aken, M.2
  • 37
    • 0024508017 scopus 로고
    • Determination and metabolism of dithiol chelating agents. VI. Isolation and identification of the mixed disulfides of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid with L-cysteine in human urine
    • Maiorino RM, Bruce DC, Aposhian HV. Determination and metabolism of dithiol chelating agents. VI. Isolation and identification of the mixed disulfides of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid with L-cysteine in human urine. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1989; 97:338-349.
    • (1989) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.97 , pp. 338-349
    • Maiorino, R.M.1    Bruce, D.C.2    Aposhian, H.V.3
  • 38
  • 39
    • 0027963574 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid in patients with lead poisoning and in healthy adults
    • Dart RC, Hurlbut KM, Maiorino RM, Mayersohn M, Aposhian HV, Hassen LVB. Pharmacokinetics of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid in patients with lead poisoning and in healthy adults. J Pediatr 1994; 125:309-316.
    • (1994) J Pediatr , vol.125 , pp. 309-316
    • Dart, R.C.1    Hurlbut, K.M.2    Maiorino, R.M.3    Mayersohn, M.4    Aposhian, H.V.5    Hassen, L.V.B.6
  • 40
    • 0027716910 scopus 로고
    • Determination and metabolism of dithiol chelating agents. XV. the meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid-cysteine (1:2) mixed disulfide, a major urinary metabolite of DMSA in the human, increases the urinary excretion of lead in the rat
    • Maiorino RM, Aposhian MM, Xu Z-F, Li Y, Polt RL, Aposhian HV. Determination and metabolism of dithiol chelating agents. XV. The meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid-cysteine (1:2) mixed disulfide, a major urinary metabolite of DMSA in the human, increases the urinary excretion of lead in the rat. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1993; 267:1221-1226.
    • (1993) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.267 , pp. 1221-1226
    • Maiorino, R.M.1    Aposhian, M.M.2    Xu, Z.-F.3    Li, Y.4    Polt, R.L.5    Aposhian, H.V.6
  • 42
    • 0022577007 scopus 로고
    • Experimental chelation therapy in chromium, lead and boron intoxication with N-acetylcysteine and other compounds
    • Banner W Jr, Koch M, Capin DM, Hopf SB, Chang S, Tong TG. Experimental chelation therapy in chromium, lead and boron intoxication with N-acetylcysteine and other compounds. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1986; 83:142-147.
    • (1986) Toxicol Appl Pharmacol , vol.83 , pp. 142-147
    • Banner Jr., W.1    Koch, M.2    Capin, D.M.3    Hopf, S.B.4    Chang, S.5    Tong, T.G.6
  • 43
    • 0024999272 scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effects of zinc supplementation during chelation treatment of lead intoxication in rats
    • Flora SJS, Tandon SK. Beneficial effects of zinc supplementation during chelation treatment of lead intoxication in rats. Toxicology 1990; 64:129-139.
    • (1990) Toxicology , vol.64 , pp. 129-139
    • Flora, S.J.S.1    Tandon, S.K.2
  • 44
    • 0025899594 scopus 로고
    • Influence of simultaneous supplementation of zinc and copper during chelation of lead in rats
    • Flora SJS. Influence of simultaneous supplementation of zinc and copper during chelation of lead in rats. Hum Exp Toxicol 1991; 10:331-336.
    • (1991) Hum Exp Toxicol , vol.10 , pp. 331-336
    • Flora, S.J.S.1
  • 45
    • 0031658857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mobilization of lead by calcium versenate and dimercaptosuccinate in the rat
    • Tandon SK, Singh S, Prasad S, Mathur N. Mobilization of lead by calcium versenate and dimercaptosuccinate in the rat. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1998; 25:686-692.
    • (1998) Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol , vol.25 , pp. 686-692
    • Tandon, S.K.1    Singh, S.2    Prasad, S.3    Mathur, N.4
  • 48
  • 49
    • 0026543079 scopus 로고
    • Controlled study of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid for the management of childhood lead intoxication
    • Graziano JH, LoIacono NJ, Moulton T, Mitchell ME, Slavkovich V, Zarate C. Controlled study of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid for the management of childhood lead intoxication. J Pediatr 1992; 120:133-139.
    • (1992) J Pediatr , vol.120 , pp. 133-139
    • Graziano, J.H.1    Loiacono, N.J.2    Moulton, T.3    Mitchell, M.E.4    Slavkovich, V.5    Zarate, C.6
  • 50
    • 0028830632 scopus 로고
    • Provocative chelation with DMSA and EDTA: Evidence for differential access to lead storage sites
    • Lee B-K, Schwartz BS, Stewart W, Ahn K-D. Provocative chelation with DMSA and EDTA: evidence for differential access to lead storage sites. Occup Environ Med 1995; 52:13-19.
    • (1995) Occup Environ Med , vol.52 , pp. 13-19
    • Lee, B.-K.1    Schwartz, B.S.2    Stewart, W.3    Ahn, K.-D.4
  • 52
    • 0030981154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recoveries in lead induced alterations in rat brain biogenic amines levels following combined chelation therapy with meso 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid and calcium disodium versenate
    • Flora GJS, Seth PK, Flora SJS. Recoveries in lead induced alterations in rat brain biogenic amines levels following combined chelation therapy with meso 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid and calcium disodium versenate. Biog Amines 1997; 13:79-90.
    • (1997) Biog Amines , vol.13 , pp. 79-90
    • Flora, G.J.S.1    Seth, P.K.2    Flora, S.J.S.3
  • 53
    • 0033870242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of two heavy metal chelators for treatment of lead toxicosis in cockatiels
    • Denver MC, Tell LA, Galey FD, Trupkiewicz JG, Kass PH. Comparison of two heavy metal chelators for treatment of lead toxicosis in cockatiels. Am J Vet Res 2000; 61:935-940.
    • (2000) Am J Vet Res , vol.61 , pp. 935-940
    • Denver, M.C.1    Tell, L.A.2    Galey, F.D.3    Trupkiewicz, J.G.4    Kass, P.H.5
  • 54
    • 0028340782 scopus 로고
    • Effect of chelate treatments on kidney, bone and brain lead levels of lead-intoxicated mice
    • Jones MM, Basinger MA, Gale GR, Atkins LM, Smith AB, Stone A. Effect of chelate treatments on kidney, bone and brain lead levels of lead-intoxicated mice. Toxicology 1994; 89:91-100.
    • (1994) Toxicology , vol.89 , pp. 91-100
    • Jones, M.M.1    Basinger, M.A.2    Gale, G.R.3    Atkins, L.M.4    Smith, A.B.5    Stone, A.6
  • 55
    • 0024210220 scopus 로고
    • Comparative mobilization of lead by chelating agents
    • Xu Z-F, Jones MM. Comparative mobilization of lead by chelating agents. Toxicology 1988; 53:277-288.
    • (1988) Toxicology , vol.53 , pp. 277-288
    • Xu, Z.-F.1    Jones, M.M.2
  • 56
    • 0017134039 scopus 로고
    • Meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid a chelating agent for the treatment of mercury and lead poisoning
    • Friedheim E, Corvi C, Wakker CH. Meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid a chelating agent for the treatment of mercury and lead poisoning. J Pharm Pharmacol 1976; 28:711-712.
    • (1976) J Pharm Pharmacol , vol.28 , pp. 711-712
    • Friedheim, E.1    Corvi, C.2    Wakker, C.H.3
  • 59
    • 0037838656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of calcium disodium EDTA and meso- 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid on tissue concentrations of lead for use in treatment of calves with experimentally induced lead toxicosis
    • Meldrum JB, Ko KW. Effects of calcium disodium EDTA and meso- 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid on tissue concentrations of lead for use in treatment of calves with experimentally induced lead toxicosis. Am J Vet Res 2003; 64:672-676.
    • (2003) Am J Vet Res , vol.64 , pp. 672-676
    • Meldrum, J.B.1    Ko, K.W.2
  • 60
    • 50549173052 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of lead poisoning with intramuscular edathamil calcium-disodium
    • Shrand H. Treatment of lead poisoning with intramuscular edathamil calcium-disodium. Lancet 1961; 1:310-312.
    • (1961) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 310-312
    • Shrand, H.1
  • 61
    • 70349719480 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of chronic lead-poisoning with calcium disodium versenate
    • Markus AC, Spencer AG. Treatment of chronic lead-poisoning with calcium disodium versenate. Br Med J 1955; 2:883-885.
    • (1955) Br Med J , vol.2 , pp. 883-885
    • Markus, A.C.1    Spencer, A.G.2
  • 62
    • 34248567201 scopus 로고
    • Edathamil calcium-disodium (versenate) in treatment of lead poisoning in children
    • Byers RK, Maloof C. Edathamil calcium-disodium (versenate) in treatment of lead poisoning in children. Am J Dis Child 1954; 87:559-569.
    • (1954) Am J Dis Child , vol.87 , pp. 559-569
    • Byers, R.K.1    Maloof, C.2
  • 63
    • 33646962588 scopus 로고
    • The treatment of lead encephalopathy - A method for the removal of lead during the acute stage
    • Bessman SP, Rubin M, Leikin S. The treatment of lead encephalopathy - a method for the removal of lead during the acute stage. Pediatrics 1954; 14:201-208.
    • (1954) Pediatrics , vol.14 , pp. 201-208
    • Bessman, S.P.1    Rubin, M.2    Leikin, S.3
  • 64
    • 58149435105 scopus 로고
    • Calcium disodium versenate in the therapy of lead encephalopathy
    • Karpinski FE Jr, Rieders F, Girsh LS. Calcium disodium versenate in the therapy of lead encephalopathy. J Pediatr 1953; 42:687-699.
    • (1953) J Pediatr , vol.42 , pp. 687-699
    • Karpinski Jr., F.E.1    Rieders, F.2    Girsh, L.S.3
  • 65
    • 0041121753 scopus 로고
    • Lead poisoning. Review of the literature and report on 45 cases
    • Byers RK. Lead poisoning. Review of the literature and report on 45 cases. Pediatrics 1959; 23:585-603.
    • (1959) Pediatrics , vol.23 , pp. 585-603
    • Byers, R.K.1
  • 67
    • 0025939840 scopus 로고
    • Ten cases of acute lead intoxication among bridge workers in Louisiana
    • Rae CE, Bell CN Jr, Elliott CE, Shannon M. Ten cases of acute lead intoxication among bridge workers in Louisiana. Ann Pharmacother 1991; 25:932-937.
    • (1991) Ann Pharmacother , vol.25 , pp. 932-937
    • Rae, C.E.1    Bell Jr., C.N.2    Elliott, C.E.3    Shannon, M.4
  • 68
    • 0007592473 scopus 로고
    • Acute versenate nephrosis occurring as the result of treatment for lead intoxication
    • Reuber MD, Bradley JE. Acute versenate nephrosis occurring as the result of treatment for lead intoxication. JAMA 1960; 174:263-269.
    • (1960) JAMA , vol.174 , pp. 263-269
    • Reuber, M.D.1    Bradley, J.E.2
  • 69
    • 70350487543 scopus 로고
    • Nekrotisierende Nephrose nache Behandlung einer subakutchronischen Bleivergiftung mit Versenat in hohen Dosen
    • Vogt W, Cottier H. Nekrotisierende Nephrose nache Behandlung einer subakutchronischen Bleivergiftung mit Versenat in hohen Dosen. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1957; 87:665-667.
    • (1957) Schweiz Med Wochenschr , vol.87 , pp. 665-667
    • Vogt, W.1    Cottier, H.2
  • 70
    • 0020684219 scopus 로고
    • The safety of the EDTA leadmobilization test
    • Wedeen RP, Batuman V, Landy E. The safety of the EDTA leadmobilization test. Environ Res 1983; 30:58-62.
    • (1983) Environ Res , vol.30 , pp. 58-62
    • Wedeen, R.P.1    Batuman, V.2    Landy, E.3
  • 71
    • 0019988816 scopus 로고
    • Reversible nephrotoxic reactions to a combined 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol and calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid regimen in asymptomatic children with elevated blood lead levels
    • Moel DI, Kumar K. Reversible nephrotoxic reactions to a combined 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanol and calcium disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid regimen in asymptomatic children with elevated blood lead levels. Pediatrics 1982; 70:259-262.
    • (1982) Pediatrics , vol.70 , pp. 259-262
    • Moel, D.I.1    Kumar, K.2
  • 73
    • 0022480203 scopus 로고
    • Mobilisation of heavy metals into the urine by CaEDTA: Relation to erythrocyte and plasma concentrations and exposure indices
    • Araki S, Aono H, Murata K. Mobilisation of heavy metals into the urine by CaEDTA: relation to erythrocyte and plasma concentrations and exposure indices. Br J Ind Med 1986; 43:636-641.
    • (1986) Br J Ind Med , vol.43 , pp. 636-641
    • Araki, S.1    Aono, H.2    Murata, K.3
  • 74
    • 0022873826 scopus 로고
    • Lead, zinc and copper decorporation during calcium disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate treatment of leadpoisoned children
    • Thomas DJ, Chisolm JJ Jr. Lead, zinc and copper decorporation during calcium disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate treatment of leadpoisoned children. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1986; 239:829-835.
    • (1986) J Pharmacol Exp Ther , vol.239 , pp. 829-835
    • Thomas, D.J.1    Chisolm Jr., J.J.2
  • 75
    • 0033929832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Safety and efficacy of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) in children with elevated blood lead concentrations
    • Chisolm JJ. Safety and efficacy of meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) in children with elevated blood lead concentrations. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2000; 38:365-375.
    • (2000) J Toxicol Clin Toxicol , vol.38 , pp. 365-375
    • Chisolm, J.J.1
  • 76
    • 34848834224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contribution to the data on copper concentration in blood and urine in patients with Wilson's disease and in normal subjects
    • Lech T, Sadlik JK. Contribution to the data on copper concentration in blood and urine in patients with Wilson's disease and in normal subjects. Biol Trace Elem Res 2007; 118:16-20.
    • (2007) Biol Trace Elem Res , vol.118 , pp. 16-20
    • Lech, T.1    Sadlik, J.K.2
  • 77
    • 0036868273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of meso- 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid on urinary lead excretion in exposed men
    • Torres-Alanís O, Garza-Ocañas L, Piñeyro-López A. Effect of meso- 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid on urinary lead excretion in exposed men. Hum Exp Toxicol 2002; 21:573-577.
    • (2002) Hum Exp Toxicol , vol.21 , pp. 573-577
    • Torres-Alanís, O.1    Garza-Ocañas, L.2    Piñeyro-López, A.3
  • 78
    • 0028012648 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of oral meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid therapy for low-level childhood plumbism
    • Liebelt EL, Shannon M, Graef JW. Efficacy of oral meso-2,3- dimercaptosuccinic acid therapy for low-level childhood plumbism. J Pediatr 1994; 124:313-317.
    • (1994) J Pediatr , vol.124 , pp. 313-317
    • Liebelt, E.L.1    Shannon, M.2    Graef, J.W.3
  • 79
    • 0345379309 scopus 로고
    • Lesions resembling vitamin B complex deficiency and urinary loss of zinc produced by ethylenediamine tetraacetate
    • Perry HM Jr, Shroeder HA. Lesions resembling vitamin B complex deficiency and urinary loss of zinc produced by ethylenediamine tetraacetate. Am J Med 1957; 24:168-172.
    • (1957) Am J Med , vol.24 , pp. 168-172
    • Perry Jr., H.M.1    Shroeder, H.A.2
  • 81
  • 82
    • 0009754171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lee A, ed. 2nd ed. London: Pharmaceutical Press
    • Lee A, ed. Adverse Drug Reactions. 2nd ed. London: Pharmaceutical Press; 2006.
    • (2006) Adverse Drug Reactions
  • 83
    • 0027985248 scopus 로고
    • Hemolytic anemia following succimer administration in a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient patient
    • Gerr F, Frumkin H, Hodgins P. Hemolytic anemia following succimer administration in a glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient patient. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1994; 32:569-575.
    • (1994) J Toxicol Clin Toxicol , vol.32 , pp. 569-575
    • Gerr, F.1    Frumkin, H.2    Hodgins, P.3
  • 84
    • 0029129076 scopus 로고
    • Short-term efficacy of oral dimercaptosuccinic acid in children with low to moderate lead intoxication
    • Besunder JB, Anderson RL, Super DM. Short-term efficacy of oral dimercaptosuccinic acid in children with low to moderate lead intoxication. Pediatrics 1995; 96:683-687.
    • (1995) Pediatrics , vol.96 , pp. 683-687
    • Besunder, J.B.1    Anderson, R.L.2    Super, D.M.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.