Endoscopic ultrasound advances, part 1: Diagnosis

Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology

Volumn 23, Issue 9, 2009, Pages 594-601

  Kim, Edward ^a   Telford, Jennifer J ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

^b ST PAUL S HOSPITAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CONTRAST MEDIUM; DIAGNOSTIC AGENT;

CANCER STAGING; ECHOGRAPHY; ENDOSCOPIC ECHOGRAPHY; HUMAN; LUNG TUMOR; MEDIASTINUM; METHODOLOGY; NEEDLE BIOPSY; PANCREAS CYST; PANCREAS TUMOR; PATHOLOGY; REVIEW;

BIOPSY, FINE-NEEDLE; CONTRAST MEDIA; ENDOSONOGRAPHY; HUMANS; LUNG NEOPLASMS; MEDIASTINUM; NEOPLASM STAGING; PANCREATIC CYST; PANCREATIC NEOPLASMS;

EID: 70350448769     PISSN: 08357900     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2009/876057     Document Type: Review

References (137)

1. Tio TL, Tytgat GN. Endoscopic ultrasonography in analysing peri-intestinal lymph node abnormality. Preliminary results of studies in vitro and in vivo. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 1986;123:158-163
2. Kimmey MB, Martin RW, Haggitt RC, et al. Histologic correlates of gastrointestinal ultrasound images. Gastroenterology 1989;96:433.
3. Wiersema MJ, Wiersema LM. High-resolution 25-megahertz ultrasonography of the gastrointestinal wall: Histologic correlates. Gastrointest Endosc 1993;39:499-504.
4. Tio TL, Tytgat GN. Endoscopic ultrasonography of normal and pathologic upper gastrointestinal wall structure. Comparison of studies in vivo and in vitro with histology. Scand J Gastroenterol 1986;(Suppl 123):27-33.
5. Lam EC. Who needs an endoscopic ultrasound? Can J Gastroenterol 2005;19:657-659
6. Crowley RJ, von Behren PL, Couvillon LA Jr, Mai DE, Abele JE. Optimized ultrasound imaging catheters for use in the vascular system. Int J Card Imaging 1989;4:145-151
7. Martin RW, Silverstein FE, Kimmey MB. A 20-MHz ultrasound system for imaging the intestinal wall. Ultrasound Med Biol 1989;15:273-280 (Pubitemid 19132963)
8. Silverstein FE, Martin RW, Kimmey MB, Jiranek GC, Franklin DW, Proctor A. Experimental evaluation of an endoscopic ultrasound probe: in vitro and in vivo canine studies. Gastroenterology 1989;96:1058-1062 (Pubitemid 19091120)
9. Das A, Isenberg G, Wong RC, Sivak MV Jr, Chak A. Wire-guided intraductal US: An adjunct to ERCP in the management of bile duct stones. Gastrointest Endosc 2001;54:31-36 (Pubitemid 33663837)
10. Ueno N, Nishizono T, Tamada K, et al. Diagnosing extrahepatic bile duct stones using intraductal ultrasonography: A case series. Endoscopy 1997;29:356-360 (Pubitemid 27370853)
11. Catanzaro A, Pfau P, Isenberg GA, Wong RC, Sivak MV Jr, Chak A. Clinical utility of intraductal US for evaluation of choledocholithiasis. Gastrointest Endosc 2003;57:648-652 (Pubitemid 36637256)
12. Tseng LJ, Jao YT, Mo LR, Lin RC. Over-the-wire US catheter probe as an adjunct to ERCP in the detection of choledocholithiasis. Gastrointest Endosc 2001;54:720-723
13. Tamada K, Ueno N, Tomiyama T, et al. Characterization of biliary strictures using intraductal ultrasonography: Comparison with percutaneous cholangioscopic biopsy. Gastrointest Endosc 1998;47:341-349 (Pubitemid 28237502)
14. Farrell RJ, Agarwal B, Brandwein SL, Underhill J, Chuttani R, Pleskow DK. Intraductal US is a useful adjunct to ERCP for distinguishing malignant from benign biliary strictures. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;56:681-687 (Pubitemid 36531703)
15. Domagk D, Wessling J, Reimer P, et al. 2004 Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, intraductal ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in bile duct strictures: A prospective comparison of imaging diagnostics with histopathological correlation. Am J Gastroenterol 2004;99:1684-1689 (Pubitemid 39237492)
16. Tamada K, Ido K, Ueno N, et al. Assessment of portal vein invasion by bile duct cancer using intraductal ultrasonography. Endoscopy 1995;27:573-578
17. Tamada K, Ueno N, Ichiyama M, et al. Assessment of pancreatic parenchymal invasion by bile duct cancer using intraductal ultrasonography. Endoscopy 1996;28:492-496 (Pubitemid 26306012)
18. Kuroiwa M, Tsukamoto Y, Naitoh Y, Hirooka Y, Furukawa T, Katou T. New technique using intraductal ultrasonography for the diagnosis of bile duct cancer. J Ultrasound Med 1994;13:189-195 (Pubitemid 24183101)
19. Inui K, Yoshino J, Okushima K, Miyoshi H, Nakamura Y. Intraductal EUS. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;56:S58-62.
20. Tamada K, Nagai H, Yasuda Y, et al. Transpapillary intraductal US prior to biliary drainage in the assessment of longitudinal spread of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma. Gastrointest Endosc 2001;53:300-307 (Pubitemid 32207313)
21. Furukawa T, Oohashi K, Yamao K, et al. Intraductal ultrasonography of the pancreas: Development and clinical potential. Endoscopy 1997;29:561-569 (Pubitemid 27458218)
22. Furukawa T, Tsukamoto Y, Naitoh Y, Hirooka Y, Hayakawa T. Differential diagnosis between benign and malignant localized stenosis of the main pancreatic duct by intraductal ultrasound of the pancreas. Am J Gastroenterol 1994;89:2038-2041 (Pubitemid 24334249)
23. Menzel J, Poremba C, Dietl KH, Domschke W. Preoperative diagnosis of bile duct strictures - comparison of intraductal ultrasonography with conventional endosonography. Scand J Gastroenterol 2000;35:77-82. (Pubitemid 30066776)
24. Hara T, Yamaguchi T, Ishihara T, et al. Diagnosis and patient management of intraductal papillary-mucinous tumor of the pancreas by using peroral pancreatoscopy and intraductal ultrasonography. Gastroenterology 2002;122:34-43. (Pubitemid 34049192)
25. Spinelli KS, Fromwiller TE, Daniel RA, et al. Cystic pancreatic neoplasms: Observe or operate. Ann Surg 2004;239:651-7; Discussion 657-659
26. Fernandez-del Castillo C, Warshaw AL. Cystic tumors of the pancreas. Surg Clin North Am 1995;75:1001-1016
27. ReMine SG, Frey D, Rossi RL, et al. Cystic neoplasms of the pancreas. Arch Surg 1987;122:443-446
28. Kitagawa Y, Unger TA, Taylor S, et al. Mucus is a predictor of better prognosis and survival in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the pancreas. J Gastrointest Surg 2003;7:12-18 (Pubitemid 36875796)
29. Bassi C, Salvia R, Molinari E, Biasutti C, Falconi M, Pederzoli P. Management of 100 consecutive cases of pancreatic serous cystadenoma: Wait for symptoms and see at imaging or vice versa? World J Surg 2003;27:319-323
30. Brugge WR. Approach to cystic pancreatic lesions. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2005;15:485-496
31. Kitagawa Y UT, Taylor S et al. Mucus is a predictor of better prognosis and survival in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the pancreas. J Gastrointest Surg 2003;7:12-18 (Pubitemid 36875796)
32. Brugge WR. The use of EUS to diagnose cystic neoplasms of the pancreas. Gastrointest Endosc 2009;69: S203-9.
33. Levy MJ. Pancreatic cysts. Gastrointest Endosc 2009;69:S110-6.
34. Okabayashi T, Kobayashi M, Nishimori I, et al. Clinicopathological features and medical management of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;21:462-467
35. Ahmad NA, Kochman ML, Brensinger C. Interobserver agreement among endosonographers for the diagnosis of neoplastic versus non-neoplastic pancreatic cystic lesions. Gastrointest Endosc 2003;58:59-64. (Pubitemid 38208748)
36. Carlson SK, Johnson CD, Brandt KR, et al. Pancreatic cystic neoplasms: the role and sensitivity of needle aspiration and biopsy. Abdom Imaging 1988;23:387-393
37. Nguyen GK, Suen KC, Villanueva RR. Needle aspiration cytology of pancreatic cystic lesions. Diagn Cytopathol 1997;17:177-182 (Pubitemid 27374085)
38. Sperti C, Pasquali C, Guolo P, et al. Serum tumor markers and cyst fluid analysis are useful for the diagnosis of pancreatic cystic tumors. Cancer 1996;78:237-243 (Pubitemid 26234565)
39. Hammel P. Role of tumor markers in the diagnosis of cystic and intraductal neoplasms. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2002;12:791-801. (Pubitemid 36004729)
40. Brugge WR LK, Lee-Lewandrowski E, et al. Diagnosis of pancreatic cystic neoplasms: A report of the Cooperative Pancreatic Cyst Study. Gastroenterology 2005;126:1330-1336
41. Van der Waaij LA, van Dullemen HM, Porte RJ. Cyst fluid analysis in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions: A pooled analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 2005;62:383-389
42. Frossard JL, Amouyal P, Amouyal G, et al. Performance of endosonography-guided fine needle aspiration and biopsy in the diagnosis of pancreatic cystic lesions. Am J Gastroenterol 2003;98:1516-1524 (Pubitemid 36875343)
43. Mallery S, Quirk D, Lewandrowski K, et al. EUS-guided FNA with cyst fluid analysis in pancreatic cystic lesions. Gastrointest Endosc 1998;47:149A. (Pubitemid 128764833)
44. Aljebreen AM, Romanuolo J, Perini R, et al. Utility of endoscopic ultrasound, cytology and fluid carcinoembryonic antigen and CA 19-9 levels in pancreatic cyst lesions. World J Gastroenterol 2007;13:3962-3966 (Pubitemid 47272492)
45. Linder JD, Geenen JE, Catalano MF. Cyst fluid analysis obtained by EUS-guided FNA in the evaluation of discrete cystic neoplasms of the pancreas: A prospective single-center experience. Gastrointest Endosc 2006;64:697-702.
46. Lim SJ, Alasadi R, Wayne JD, et al. Preoperative evaluation of pancreatic cystic lesions: Cost-benefit analyis and proposed management algorithm. Surgery 2005;138:672-679 (Pubitemid 41546189)
47. Khalid A, Brugge WR. ACG Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of neoplastic pancreatic cysts. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:2339-2349 (Pubitemid 47493853)
48. Sand JA, Hyoty MK, Mattila J, et al. Clinical assessment compared with cyst fluid analysis in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions in the pancreas. Surgery 1996;119:275-280 (Pubitemid 26082662)
49. Schoedel KE, Finkelstein SD, Ohori NP. K-ras and microsatellite marker analysis of fine-needle aspirates from intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas. Diagn Cytopathol 2006;34:605-608 (Pubitemid 44298560)
50. Khalid A, McGrath KM, Zahid M, et al. The role of pancreatic cyst fluid molecular analysis in predicting cyst pathology (see comment). Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;4:684-7; 3:967-973 (Pubitemid 41415743)
51. Jacobson BC, Baron TH, Adler DG, et al. ASGE guideline: The role of endoscopy in the diagnosis and the management of cystic lesions and inflammatory fluid collections of the pancreas. Gastrointest Endosc 2005;61:363.
52. Kondo D, Imaizumi M, Abe T, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound examination for mediastinal lymph node metastases of lung cancer. Chest 1990;98:586. (Pubitemid 20352686)
53. Hawes RH, Gress F, Kesler KA, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound versus computed tomography in the evaluation of the mediastinum in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Endoscopy 1994;26:784.
54. Fritscher-Ravens A, Sriram PV, Bobrowski C, et al. Mediastinal lymphadenopathy in patients with or without previous malignancy: EUS-FNA-based differential cytodiagnosis in 153 patients. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:2278-2284 (Pubitemid 30707389)
55. Wallace MB, Silvestri GA, Sahai AV, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration for staging patients with carcinoma of the lung. Ann Thorac Surg 2001;72:1861-1867 (Pubitemid 34001430)
56. Savides TJ, Perricone A. Impact of EUS-guided FNA of enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes on subsequent thoracic surgery rates. Gastrointest Endosc 2004;60:340-346 (Pubitemid 39164239)
57. Larsen SS, Krasnik M, Vilman P, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle biopsy of mediastinal lesion has a major impact on patient Endoscopic management in lung cancer disease. Thorax 200257:98-103.
58. Pedersen BH, Vilmann P, Folke K, et al. Endoscopic ultrasonography and real-time guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of solid lesions of the mediastinum suspected of malignancy. Chest 1996;110:539. (Pubitemid 26269288)
59. Caddy G, Conron M, Wright G, et al. The accuracy of EUS-FNA in assessing mediastinal lymphadenopathy and staging patients with NSCLC. Eur Respir J 2005;25:410-415 (Pubitemid 40331170)
60. Fritscher-Ravens A, Sriram PV, Topalidis T, et al. Diagnosing sarcoidosis using endosonography-guided fine-needle aspiration. Chest 2000;118:928. (Pubitemid 30796880)
61. Walsh PR, Williams D. Mediastinal adenopathy: Finding the answer with endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Intern Med J 2005;35:392-398 (Pubitemid 40921743)
62. Tournoy KG, Praet MM, Van Maele G, Van Meerbeeck JP, et al. Esophageal endoscopic ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration with an on-site cytopathologist: High accuracy for the diagnosis of mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Chest 2005;128:3004. (Pubitemid 41507661)
63. Wallace MB, Fritscher-Ravens A, Savides TJ. Endoscopic ultrasound for the staging of non-small-cell lung cancer. Endoscopy 2003;35:606-610 (Pubitemid 36833334)
64. Devereaux BM, Leblanc JK, Yousif E, et al. Clinical utility of EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration of mediastinal masses in the absence of known pulmonary malignancy. Gastrointest Endosc 2002;56:397-401.
65. DeWitt J, Ghorai S, Kahi C, et al. EUS-FNA of recurrent postoperative extraluminal and metastatic malignancy. Gastrointest Endosc 2003;58:542-548 (Pubitemid 37205767)
66. Eloubeidi MA, Cerfolio RJ, Chen VK, Desmond R, Syed S, Ojha B. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration of mediastinal lymph nodes in patients with suspected lung cancer after positron emission tomography and computed tomography scans. Ann Thorac Surg 2005;79:263-268 (Pubitemid 40037483)
67. Micames CG, McCrory DC, Pavey D, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for non-small cell lung cancer staging: A systematic review and metaanalysis. Chest 2007;131:539-548 (Pubitemid 46280417)
68. Wiersema MJ, Vilmann P, Giovannini M, Chang KJ, Wiersema LM. Endosonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy: Diagnostic accuracy and complication assessment. Gastroenterology 1997;112:1087-1095 (Pubitemid 27157518)
69. Wallace MB, Pascual JM, Raimondo M, et al. Minimally invasive endoscopic staging of suspected lung cancer. JAMA 2008;299:540-546 (Pubitemid 351214251)
70. Vilmann P, Krasnik M, Larsen SS, Jacobsen GK, Clementsen P. Transesophageal endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) biopsy: A combined approach in the evaluation of mediastinal lesions. Endoscopy 2005;37:833-839 (Pubitemid 41263956)
71. Dillemans B, Deneffe G, Verschakelen J, et al. Value of computed tomography and mediastinoscopy in preoperative evaluation of mediastinal nodes in non-small cell lung cancer. A study of 569 patients. Eur J Cardio Thorac Surg 1994;8:37-42.
72. Gross BH, Glazer GM, Orringer MB, et al. Bronchogenic carcinoma metastatic to normal-sized lymph nodes: Frequency and significance. Radiology 1988;166(1 pt 1):71-74 (Pubitemid 18027047)
73. McLoud TC, Bourgouin PM, Greenberg RW, et al. Bronchogenic carcinoma: Analysis of staging in the mediastinum with CT by correlative lymph node mapping and sampling. Radiology 1992;182:319-323
74. Herder GJ, Verboom P, Smit EF, et al. Practice, efficacy and cost of staging suspected non-small cell lung cancer: A retrospective study in two Dutch hospitals. Thorax 2002;57:11-14. (Pubitemid 34081537)
75. McKenna RJ Jr, Libshitz HI, Mountain CE, McMurtey MJ. Roentogenographic evaluation of mediastinal lymph nodes for preoperative assessment in lung cancer. Chest 1985;88:206-210 (Pubitemid 15004986)
76. Fritscher-Ravens A, Bohuslavizki KH, Brandt L, et al. Mediastinal lymph node involvement in potentially resectable lung cancer: Comparison of CT, positron emission tomography, and endoscopic ultrasonography with and without fine-needle aspiration. Chest 2003;123:442-451 (Pubitemid 36269428)
77. Kramer H, Groen HJ. Current concepts in the mediastinal lymph node staging of nonsmall cell lung cancer. Ann Surg 2003;238:180-188 (Pubitemid 38174491)
78. Wiersema MJ, Vazquez-Sequeiros E, Wiersma LM. Evaluation of mediastinal lymphadenopathy with endoscopic US-guided fineneedle aspiration biopsy. Radiology 2001;219:252-257 (Pubitemid 32234083)
79. Protopapas Z, Westcott JL. Transthoracic hilar and mediastinal biopsy. Radiol Clin North Am 2000;38:281-291
80. Toloza EM, Harpole L, Detterbeck F, McCrory DC. Invasive staging of non-small cell lung cancer: A review of the current evidence. Chest 2003;123(1 Suppl):157S-166S. (Pubitemid 36135711)
81. Hammoud ZT, Anderson RC, Meyers BF, et al. The current role of mediastinoscopy in the evaluation of thoracic disease. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999;118:894-899 (Pubitemid 29511073)
82. Gress FG. Endoscopic ultrasonography, fine-needle aspiration biopsy guided by endoscopic ultrasonography, and computed tomography in the preoperative staging of non-small-cell lung cancer: A comparison study. Ann Intern Med 1997;127(8 pt 1):604-612 (Pubitemid 27450770)
83. Wiersema MJ, Kochman ML, Kramer HM, Wiersema LM. Preoperative staging on non-small cell lung cancer: Transesophageal US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of mediastinal lymph nodes. Radiology 1994;190:239-342.
84. Silvestri GA, Hoffman BJ, Bhutani MS, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound with fine-needle aspiration in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 1996;61:1441-1445
85. Larsen S, Krasnik, M, Vilmann, P, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound guided biopsy of mediastinal lesions has a major impact on patient management. Thorax 2002; 57:98. (Pubitemid 34123880)
86. Fritscher-Ravens A, Davidson BL, Hauber HP, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound, positron emission tomography, and computerized tomography for lung cancer. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003;168:1293. (Pubitemid 37487321)
87. Annema JT, Veselic M, Rabe KF. EUS-guided FNA of centrally located lung tumours following a non-diagnostic bronchoscopy. Lung Cancer 2005;48:357. (Pubitemid 40693621)
88. LeBlanc JK, Devereaux BM, Imperiale TF, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound in non-small cell lung cancer and negative mediastinum on computed tomography. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005;171:177-182 (Pubitemid 40105418)
89. Larsen SS, Vilman P, Krasnik M, Dirksen A, Clementsen P, Jacobsen GK. Endoscopic ultrasound guided biopsy performed routinely in lung cancer staging spares futile thoracotomies: Preliminary results from a randomized trial. Lung Cancer 2005;49:377-385 (Pubitemid 41139151)
90. Annema J, Verteegh MI, Veselic M, Voigt P, Rabe KF. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer and its impact on surgical staging. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:8357-8361 (Pubitemid 46260231)
91. Harewood GC et al. Cost-minimization analysis of alternative diagnostic approaches in a modeled patient with non-small-cell lung cancer and subcarinal lymphadenopathy. Mayo Clin Proc 2002;77:155-164
92. Salerno CT et al. Detection of occult micrometastases in non-small-cell lung carcinoma by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Chest 1998;114:535-543
93. Wallace MB, Block MI, Gillanders W, et al. Accurate molecular detection of non-small cell lung cancer metastases in mediastinal lymph nodes sampled by endoscopic ultrasound-guided needle aspiration. Chest 2005;127:430-437 (Pubitemid 40229299)
94. Wallace MB, Block M, Hoffman BJ, et al. Detection of telomerase expression in mediastinal lymph nodes of patients with lung cancer. Am J Resp Crit Care 2003;167:1670-1675 (Pubitemid 36760682)
95. Tsao MS, Sakurada A, Cutz JC, et al. Erlotinib in lung cancer: Molecular and clinical predictors of outcome. N Engl J Med 2005;353:133-144 (Pubitemid 41058345)
96. Potti A, Mukherjee S, Petersen R, et al. A genomic strategy to refine prognosis in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 2006;355:570-580 (Pubitemid 44200650)
97. Gress FG, Hawes RH, Savides TJ, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy using linear array and radial scanning endosonography. Gastrointest Endosc 1997;45:243-250 (Pubitemid 27423804)
98. Brandwein SL, Farrell JJ, Centeno BA, Brugge WR. Detection and tumor staging of malignancy in cystic, intraductal and solid tumors of the pancreas by EUS. Gastrointest Endosc 2001;53:722-727
99. Reed CE, Mishra G, Sahai A, et al. Esophageal cancer staging: Improved accuracy by endoscopic ultrasound of celiac lymph nodes. Ann Thorac Surg 1999;67:319-321 (Pubitemid 29176978)
100. Layfield LJ, Bentz JS, Gopez EV. Immediate on-site interpretation of fine-needle aspiration smears: A cost and compensation analysis. Cancer;93:319-322
101. Klapman JB, Logrono R, Dye CE, Waxman I. Clinical impact of on-site cytopathology interpretation on endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration. Am J Gastroenterol 2003;98:1289-1294 (Pubitemid 36741524)
102. Chang KJ, Nguyen P, Erickson RA, et al. The clinical utility of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration in the diagnosis and staging of pancreatic carcinoma. Gastrointest Endosc 1997;45:387-393 (Pubitemid 27426180)
103. Ribeiro A, Vazquez-Sequeiros E, Wiersema LM, Wang KK, Clain JE, Wiersema MJ. EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration combined with flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry in the diagnosis of lymphoma. Gastrointest Endosc 2001;53:485-491 (Pubitemid 33586758)
104. Erickson RA, Sayage-Rabie L, Beissner RS. Factors predicting the number of EUS-guided fine-needle passes for diagnosis of pancreatic malignancies. Gastrointest Endosc 2000;51:184-190 (Pubitemid 30094512)
105. Rader AE, Avery A, Wait CL, et al. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy diagnosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors using morphology, immunocytochemistry, and mutational analysis of c-kit. Cancer 2001;93:269-275 (Pubitemid 32777534)
106. Stelow EB, Stanley MW, Bardales RH, et al. Intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas: The findings and limitations of cytologic samples obtained by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy and flow cytometry. Am J Clin Pathol 2003;120:398-404.
107. Harrison BD, Thorpe RS, Kitchener PG, McCann BG, Pilling JR. Percutaneous Trucut lung biopsy in the diagnosis of localised pulmonary lesions. Thorax 1984;39:493-499 (Pubitemid 14122878)
108. Ingram DM, Sheiner HJ, Shilkin KB. Operative biopsy of the pancreas using the Trucut needle. Aust N Z J Surg 1978;48:203-206 (Pubitemid 8380115)
109. Ball AB, Fisher C, Pittam M, Watkins RM, Westbury. Diagnosis of soft tissue tumours by Tru-Cut biopsy. G Br J Surg 1990;77:756-758 (Pubitemid 20236112)
110. Lavelle MA, O'Toole A. Trucut biopsy of the prostate. Br J Urol 1994;73:600.
111. Levy MJ, Jondal ML, Clain JE, Wiersema MJ. Preliminary experience with an EUS-guided trucut biopsy needle compared with EUS-guided FNA. Gastrointest Endosc 2003;57:101-106
112. Wiersema MJ, Levy MJ, Harewood GC, Vazquez-Sequeiros E, Jondal ML. Initial experience with EUS-guided trucut needle biopsies of perigastric organs. Gastrointest Endosc 2003;57:101-106
113. Levy MJ, Wiersema MJ. EUS-guided Trucut biopsy. Gastrointest Endosc 2005;62:417-426
114. Varadarajulu S, Fraig M, Schmulewitz N, et al. Comparison of EUS-guided 19-gauge Trucut needle biopsy with EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration. Endoscopy 2004;36:397-401. (Pubitemid 38578885)
115. Larghi A, Verna EC, Stavropoulos SN, Rotterdam H, Lightdale CJ, Stevens PD. EUS-guided trucut needle biopsies in patients with solid pancreatic masses: A prospective study. Gastrointest Endosc 2004;59:185-190 (Pubitemid 38199210)
116. Storch I, Jorda M, Thurer R, et al. Advantage of EUS Trucut biopsy combined with fine-needle aspiration without immediate on-site cytopathologic examination. Gastrointest Endosc 2006;64:505-511 (Pubitemid 44419405)
117. Storch I, Shah M, Thurer R, Donna E, Ribeiro A. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration and Trucut biopsy in thoracic lesions: When tissue is the issue. Surg Endosc 2008;22:86-90.
118. Wittmann J, Kocjan G, Sgouros SN, Deheragoda M, Pereira SP. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue sampling by combined fine needle aspiration and trucut needle biopsy: A prospective study. Cytopathology 2006;17:27-33.
119. Shah SM, Ribeiro A, Levi J, et al. EUS-guided fine needle aspiration with and without trucut biopsy of pancreatic masses. J Pancreas 2008;9:422-430
120. Sakamoto H, Kitano M, Komaki T, et al. Prospective comparative study of the EUS guided 25-gauge FNA needle with the 19-gauge Trucut needle and 22-gauge FNA needle in patients with solid pancreatic masses. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;24:384-390
121. Kitano M, Kudo M, Maekawa K, et al. Dynamic imaging of pancreatic disease by contrast enhanced coded phase inversion harmonic ultrasonography. Gut 2004;53:854-859 (Pubitemid 38662136)
122. Dietrich CF. Characterization of focal liver lesions with contrast enhanced ultrasonography. Eur J Radiol 2004;51(Suppl):S9-17.
123. Nagase M, Furuse J, Ishii H, et al. Evaluation of contrast enhancement patterns in pancreatic tumors by coded harmonic sonographic imaging with a microbubble contrast agent. J Ultrasound Med 2003;22:789-795 (Pubitemid 36903966)
124. Rettenbacher T. Focal liver lesions: Role of contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Eur J Radiol 2007;64:173-182 (Pubitemid 47588758)
125. Hirooka Y, Naitoh Y, Goto H, et al. Usefulness of contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography with intravenous injection of sonicated serum albumin. Gastrointest Endosc 1997;46:166-169 (Pubitemid 27424376)
126. Hirooka Y, Goto H, Ito A, et al. Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography in pancreatic diseases: A preliminary study. Am J Gastroenterol 1998;93:632-635 (Pubitemid 29081017)
127. Dietrich CF, Ignee A, Braden B, et al. Improved differentiation of pancreatic tumors using contrast enhanced endoscopic ultrasound. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;6:590-597 (Pubitemid 351609455)
128. Hocke M, Schulze E, Gottschalk P, et al. Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound in discrimination between focal pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2006;12:246-250 (Pubitemid 43336923)
129. Becker D, Strobel D, Bernatik T, et al. Echo-enhanced and color- and power-doppler EUS for the discrimination between focal pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma. Gastrointest Endosc 2001;53:784-789 (Pubitemid 33717254)
130. Hirooka Y, Naitoh Y, Goto H, al. e. Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography in gallbladder diseases. Gastrointest Endosc 1998;48:406-410
131. Kanamori A, Hirooka Y, Itoh A. Usefulness of contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography in the differentiation between benign and malignant lymphadenopathy. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:45-51. (Pubitemid 43381707)
132. Sato T, Yamzaki K, Toyota J. Perforating veins in recurrent esophageal varices evaluated by endoscopic color Doppler ultrasonography with galactose-based contrast agent. J Gastroenterol 2004;39:422-428 (Pubitemid 38811724)
133. Hernot S, Klibanov AL. Microbubbles in ultrasound-triggered drug and gene delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2008;60:1153-1166
134. Janssen J, Schlorer E, Greiner L. EUS elastography of the pancreas: Feasibility and pattern description of the normal pancreas, chronic pancreatitis, and focal pancreatic lesions. Gastrointest Endosc 2007;65:971-978 (Pubitemid 46770745)
135. Giovannini M, Hookey LC, Bories E, et al. Endoscopic ultrasound elastography: The first step toward virtual biopsy? Preliminary results in 49 patients. Endoscopy 2006;38:344-348
136. Kim JC, Kim HC, Yu CS, et al. Efficacy of 3-dimensional endorectal ultrasonography compared with conventional ultrasonography and computed tomography in preoperative rectal cancer staging. Am J Surg 2006;192:89-97. (Pubitemid 43849614)
137. Giovannini M, Bories E, Pesenti C, et al. Three-dimensional endorectal ultrasound using a new freehand software program: Results in 35 patients with rectal cancer. Endoscopy 2006;38:339-343