메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 113, Issue 12, 2009, Pages 2533-2546

Mapping snags and understory shrubs for a LiDAR-based assessment of wildlife habitat suitability

Author keywords

Forest structure; Keystone structures; LiDAR metrics; Species distribution modeling; Wildlife habitat; Woodpeckers

Indexed keywords

FOREST STRUCTURE; KEYSTONE STRUCTURES; LIDAR METRICS; SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELING; WILDLIFE HABITAT; WOODPECKERS;

EID: 70350033997     PISSN: 00344257     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2009.07.002     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (236)

References (99)
  • 1
    • 33750525529 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the accuracy of species distribution models: Prevalence, kappa and the true skill statistic (TSS)
    • Alluoche O., Tsoar A., and Kadmon R. Assessing the accuracy of species distribution models: Prevalence, kappa and the true skill statistic (TSS). Journal of Applied Ecology 43 (2006) 1223-1232
    • (2006) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.43 , pp. 1223-1232
    • Alluoche, O.1    Tsoar, A.2    Kadmon, R.3
  • 2
    • 33845666642 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overstory influences on light attenuation patterns and understory plant community diversity and composition in southern boreal forests of Quebec
    • Bartemucci P., Messier C., and Canham C.D. Overstory influences on light attenuation patterns and understory plant community diversity and composition in southern boreal forests of Quebec. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36 (2006) 2065-2079
    • (2006) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.36 , pp. 2065-2079
    • Bartemucci, P.1    Messier, C.2    Canham, C.D.3
  • 4
    • 70350025874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bater, C. W. (2008). Assessing indicators of forest sustainability using LiDAR remote sensing (Thesis). University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (97 pp.).
    • Bater, C. W. (2008). Assessing indicators of forest sustainability using LiDAR remote sensing (Thesis). University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (97 pp.).
  • 6
  • 7
    • 0002900708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vertical structure
    • Hunter M. (Ed), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
    • Brokaw N.V., and Lent R.A. Vertical structure. In: Hunter M. (Ed). Maintaining biodiversity in forest ecosystems (1999), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 373-399
    • (1999) Maintaining biodiversity in forest ecosystems , pp. 373-399
    • Brokaw, N.V.1    Lent, R.A.2
  • 8
    • 33750184841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marsh Tit Poecile palustris territories in a British broad-leaved wood
    • Broughton R.K., Hinsley S.A., Bellampy P.E., Hill R., and Rothery P. Marsh Tit Poecile palustris territories in a British broad-leaved wood. Ibis 148 (2006) 744-752
    • (2006) Ibis , vol.148 , pp. 744-752
    • Broughton, R.K.1    Hinsley, S.A.2    Bellampy, P.E.3    Hill, R.4    Rothery, P.5
  • 9
    • 2942748545 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spruce snag quantification by coupling colour infrared aerial photos and a GIS
    • Bütler R., and Schlaepfer R. Spruce snag quantification by coupling colour infrared aerial photos and a GIS. Forest Ecology and Management 195 (2004) 325-339
    • (2004) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.195 , pp. 325-339
    • Bütler, R.1    Schlaepfer, R.2
  • 10
    • 20444392475 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics Department, University of California at Berkeley
    • Chen C., Liaw A., and Breiman L. Using random forest to learn imbalanced data. Technical report Vol. 666 (2004), Statistics Department, University of California at Berkeley
    • (2004) Technical report , vol.666
    • Chen, C.1    Liaw, A.2    Breiman, L.3
  • 11
    • 0742302380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying mortality of tropical rain forest trees using high-spatial-resolution satellite data
    • Clark D.B., Castro C.S., Alvarado L.D.A., and Read J.M. Quantifying mortality of tropical rain forest trees using high-spatial-resolution satellite data. Ecology Letters 7 (2004) 52-59
    • (2004) Ecology Letters , vol.7 , pp. 52-59
    • Clark, D.B.1    Castro, C.S.2    Alvarado, L.D.A.3    Read, J.M.4
  • 12
    • 34748854853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of a ground-based scanning lidar for estimation of biophysical properties of western larch (Larix occidentalis)
    • Clawges R., Vierling L.A., Calhoon M., and Toomey M.P. Use of a ground-based scanning lidar for estimation of biophysical properties of western larch (Larix occidentalis). International Journal of Remote Sensing 28 (2007) 4331-4344
    • (2007) International Journal of Remote Sensing , vol.28 , pp. 4331-4344
    • Clawges, R.1    Vierling, L.A.2    Calhoon, M.3    Toomey, M.P.4
  • 13
    • 41249099702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of airborne lidar to assess avian species diversity, density, and occurrence in a pine/aspen forest
    • Clawges R., Vierling K., Vierling L., and Rowell E. The use of airborne lidar to assess avian species diversity, density, and occurrence in a pine/aspen forest. Remote Sensing of Environment 112 (2008) 2064-2073
    • (2008) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.112 , pp. 2064-2073
    • Clawges, R.1    Vierling, K.2    Vierling, L.3    Rowell, E.4
  • 14
    • 0000567269 scopus 로고
    • Snag characteristics and dynamics in Douglas-fir forests, western Oregon
    • Cline S.P., Berg A.B., and Wight H.M. Snag characteristics and dynamics in Douglas-fir forests, western Oregon. Journal of Wildlife Management 44 (1980) 773-786
    • (1980) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.44 , pp. 773-786
    • Cline, S.P.1    Berg, A.B.2    Wight, H.M.3
  • 19
    • 0020924335 scopus 로고
    • Snags are for wildlife
    • Proceedings of the Symposium on Snag Habitat Management. Davis J.W., Goodwin G.A., and Ockenfels R.A. (Eds), Flagstaff, AZ
    • Davis J.W. Snags are for wildlife. In: Davis J.W., Goodwin G.A., and Ockenfels R.A. (Eds). Proceedings of the Symposium on Snag Habitat Management. USDA Forest Service General Technical Report RM-99 (1983), Flagstaff, AZ 4-9
    • (1983) USDA Forest Service General Technical Report RM-99 , pp. 4-9
    • Davis, J.W.1
  • 20
    • 70350005540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 23 pp. Available at: http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/varSelRF/varSelRF.pdf
    • Díaz-Uriarte. The varSelRF package (2008). http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/varSelRF/varSelRF.pdf 23 pp. Available at: http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/varSelRF/varSelRF.pdf
    • (2008) The varSelRF package
    • Díaz-Uriarte1
  • 21
    • 30644464444 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gene selection and classification of microarray data using random forest
    • Díaz-Uriarte R., and Alvarez S. Gene selection and classification of microarray data using random forest. BMC Bioinformatics 7 (2006) 3
    • (2006) BMC Bioinformatics , vol.7 , pp. 3
    • Díaz-Uriarte, R.1    Alvarez, S.2
  • 23
    • 33644633349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utility of habitat suitability models as biodiversity assessment tools in forest management
    • Edenius L., and Mikusiński G. Utility of habitat suitability models as biodiversity assessment tools in forest management. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 21 (2006) 62-72
    • (2006) Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research , vol.21 , pp. 62-72
    • Edenius, L.1    Mikusiński, G.2
  • 24
    • 33947708384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multiscale curvature algorithm for classifying discrete return LiDAR in forested environments
    • Evans J.S., and Hudak A.T. A multiscale curvature algorithm for classifying discrete return LiDAR in forested environments. IEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 45 (2007) 1029-1038
    • (2007) IEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing , vol.45 , pp. 1029-1038
    • Evans, J.S.1    Hudak, A.T.2
  • 26
    • 26444446056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluating ASTER satellite imagery and gradient modeling for mapping and characterizing wildland fire fuels
    • Falkowski M.J., Gessler P.E., Morgan P., Hudak A.T., and Smith A.M.S. Evaluating ASTER satellite imagery and gradient modeling for mapping and characterizing wildland fire fuels. Forest Ecology and Management 217 (2005) 129-146
    • (2005) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.217 , pp. 129-146
    • Falkowski, M.J.1    Gessler, P.E.2    Morgan, P.3    Hudak, A.T.4    Smith, A.M.S.5
  • 28
    • 0034923205 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatially explicit forest structural attributes using generalized additive models
    • Frescino T.S., Edwards T.C., and Moisen G.G. Spatially explicit forest structural attributes using generalized additive models. Journal of Vegetation Science 12 (2001) 15-26
    • (2001) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.12 , pp. 15-26
    • Frescino, T.S.1    Edwards, T.C.2    Moisen, G.G.3
  • 29
    • 18744413287 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating misclassification error with small samples via bootstrap cross-validation
    • Fu W.J., Raymond J.C., and Wand S. Estimating misclassification error with small samples via bootstrap cross-validation. Bioinformatics 21 (2005) 1979-1986
    • (2005) Bioinformatics , vol.21 , pp. 1979-1986
    • Fu, W.J.1    Raymond, J.C.2    Wand, S.3
  • 30
    • 0033577842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snag density and composition of snag populations in two National Forests in northern Arizona
    • Ganey J.L. Snag density and composition of snag populations in two National Forests in northern Arizona. Forest Ecology and Management 117 (1999) 169-178
    • (1999) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.117 , pp. 169-178
    • Ganey, J.L.1
  • 31
    • 34247570434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laser remote sensing of canopy habitat heterogeneity as a predictor of bird species richness in an eastern temperate forest, USA
    • Goetz S., Steinberg D., Dubayah R., and Blair B. Laser remote sensing of canopy habitat heterogeneity as a predictor of bird species richness in an eastern temperate forest, USA. Remote Sensing of Environment 108 (2007) 254-263
    • (2007) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.108 , pp. 254-263
    • Goetz, S.1    Steinberg, D.2    Dubayah, R.3    Blair, B.4
  • 32
    • 70350023915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Goodwin, N. R. (2006). Assessing understorey structural characteristics in eucalyptus forests: An investigation of LiDAR techniques (Thesis). University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW Australia (206 pp.).
    • Goodwin, N. R. (2006). Assessing understorey structural characteristics in eucalyptus forests: An investigation of LiDAR techniques (Thesis). University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW Australia (206 pp.).
  • 34
    • 34047107667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Overstory structure and topographic gradients determining diversity and abundance of understory shrub species in temperate forests in central Pyrenees (Spain)
    • Gracia M., Montané F., Piqué J., and Retana J. Overstory structure and topographic gradients determining diversity and abundance of understory shrub species in temperate forests in central Pyrenees (Spain). Forest Ecology and Management 242 (2007) 391-397
    • (2007) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.242 , pp. 391-397
    • Gracia, M.1    Montané, F.2    Piqué, J.3    Retana, J.4
  • 35
    • 56449102943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat assessment for forest dwelling species using LiDAR remote sensing: Capercaillie in the Alps
    • Graf R.F., Mathys L., and Bollmann K. Habitat assessment for forest dwelling species using LiDAR remote sensing: Capercaillie in the Alps. Forest Ecology and Management 257 (2009) 160-167
    • (2009) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.257 , pp. 160-167
    • Graf, R.F.1    Mathys, L.2    Bollmann, K.3
  • 36
    • 0034610199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictive habitat distribution models in ecology
    • Guisan A., and Zimmerman N.E. Predictive habitat distribution models in ecology. Ecological Modelling 135 (2000) 147-186
    • (2000) Ecological Modelling , vol.135 , pp. 147-186
    • Guisan, A.1    Zimmerman, N.E.2
  • 37
    • 34250779967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wildlife species associated with non-coniferous vegetation in Pacific Northwest forests: A review
    • Hagar J.C. Wildlife species associated with non-coniferous vegetation in Pacific Northwest forests: A review. Forest Ecology and Management 246 (2007) 108-122
    • (2007) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.246 , pp. 108-122
    • Hagar, J.C.1
  • 38
    • 0034986456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laser altimeter canopy height profiles: Methods and validations for closed-canopy, broadleaf forests
    • Harding D.J., Lefksy M.A., Parker G.G., and Blair J.B. Laser altimeter canopy height profiles: Methods and validations for closed-canopy, broadleaf forests. Remote Sensing of Environment 76 (2001) 283-297
    • (2001) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.76 , pp. 283-297
    • Harding, D.J.1    Lefksy, M.A.2    Parker, G.G.3    Blair, J.B.4
  • 39
    • 61349139306 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping understorey from leaf-on and leaf-off airborne LiDAR data of deciduous woodland
    • Hill R.A., and Broughton R.K. Mapping understorey from leaf-on and leaf-off airborne LiDAR data of deciduous woodland. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing 64 (2009) 223-233
    • (2009) ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing , vol.64 , pp. 223-233
    • Hill, R.A.1    Broughton, R.K.2
  • 40
    • 42149172271 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of structural and functional habitat gaps on breeding woodland birds: Working harder for less
    • Hinsley S.A., Hill R.A., Bellampy P.E., Harrison N.M., Speakman J.R., Wilson A.K., et al. Effects of structural and functional habitat gaps on breeding woodland birds: Working harder for less. Landscape Ecology 23 (2008) 615-626
    • (2008) Landscape Ecology , vol.23 , pp. 615-626
    • Hinsley, S.A.1    Hill, R.A.2    Bellampy, P.E.3    Harrison, N.M.4    Speakman, J.R.5    Wilson, A.K.6
  • 41
    • 0036940219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantifying woodland structure and habitat quality for birds using airborne laser scanning
    • Hinsley S.A., Hill R.A., Gaveau D.L.A., and Bellampy P.E. Quantifying woodland structure and habitat quality for birds using airborne laser scanning. Functional Ecology 16 (2002) 851-857
    • (2002) Functional Ecology , vol.16 , pp. 851-857
    • Hinsley, S.A.1    Hill, R.A.2    Gaveau, D.L.A.3    Bellampy, P.E.4
  • 42
    • 0036786186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validation of vegetation canopy lidar sub-canopy topography measurements for a dense tropical forest
    • Hofton M.A., Rocchio L.E., Blair J.B., and Dubayah R. Validation of vegetation canopy lidar sub-canopy topography measurements for a dense tropical forest. Journal of Geodynamics 34 (2002) 491-502
    • (2002) Journal of Geodynamics , vol.34 , pp. 491-502
    • Hofton, M.A.1    Rocchio, L.E.2    Blair, J.B.3    Dubayah, R.4
  • 43
  • 44
    • 33746169461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regression modeling and mapping of coniferous forest basal area and tree density from discrete-return lidar and multispectral satellite data
    • Hudak A.T., Crookston N.L., Evans J.S., Falkowski M.J., Smith A.M.S., Gessler P.E., et al. Regression modeling and mapping of coniferous forest basal area and tree density from discrete-return lidar and multispectral satellite data. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 32 (2006) 126-138
    • (2006) Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing , vol.32 , pp. 126-138
    • Hudak, A.T.1    Crookston, N.L.2    Evans, J.S.3    Falkowski, M.J.4    Smith, A.M.S.5    Gessler, P.E.6
  • 45
    • 41249100721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nearest neighbor imputation modeling of species-level, plot-scale structural attributes from LiDAR data
    • Hudak A.T., Crookston N.L., Evans J.S., Hall D.E., and Falkowski M.J. Nearest neighbor imputation modeling of species-level, plot-scale structural attributes from LiDAR data. Remote Sensing of Environment 112 (2008) 2232-2245
    • (2008) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.112 , pp. 2232-2245
    • Hudak, A.T.1    Crookston, N.L.2    Evans, J.S.3    Hall, D.E.4    Falkowski, M.J.5
  • 47
    • 21444459553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping forest structure for wildlife habitat analysis using waveform lidar: Validation of montane ecosystems
    • Hyde P., Dubayah R., Peterson B., Blair J.B., Hofton M., Hunsaker C., et al. Mapping forest structure for wildlife habitat analysis using waveform lidar: Validation of montane ecosystems. Remote Sensing of Environment 96 (2005) 427-437
    • (2005) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.96 , pp. 427-437
    • Hyde, P.1    Dubayah, R.2    Peterson, B.3    Blair, J.B.4    Hofton, M.5    Hunsaker, C.6
  • 48
    • 33646159066 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping forest structure for wildlife habitat analysis using multi-sensor (LiDAR, SAR/InSar, ETM+, Quickbird) synergy
    • Hyde P., Dubayah R., Walker W., Blair J.B., Hofton M., and Hunsaker C. Mapping forest structure for wildlife habitat analysis using multi-sensor (LiDAR, SAR/InSar, ETM+, Quickbird) synergy. Remote Sensing of Environment 102 (2006) 63-73
    • (2006) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.102 , pp. 63-73
    • Hyde, P.1    Dubayah, R.2    Walker, W.3    Blair, J.B.4    Hofton, M.5    Hunsaker, C.6
  • 49
    • 37349081917 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships of dead wood patterns with biophysical characteristics and ownership according to scale in Coastal Oregon, USA
    • Kennedy R.S.H., Spies T.A., and Gregory M.J. Relationships of dead wood patterns with biophysical characteristics and ownership according to scale in Coastal Oregon, USA. Landscape Ecology 23 (2008) 55-68
    • (2008) Landscape Ecology , vol.23 , pp. 55-68
    • Kennedy, R.S.H.1    Spies, T.A.2    Gregory, M.J.3
  • 50
    • 2342535867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation and prediction of shrub cover in coastal Oregon forests (USA)
    • Kerns B.K., and Ohmann J.L. Evaluation and prediction of shrub cover in coastal Oregon forests (USA). Ecological Indicators 4 (2004) 83-98
    • (2004) Ecological Indicators , vol.4 , pp. 83-98
    • Kerns, B.K.1    Ohmann, J.L.2
  • 51
    • 0037500103 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From space to species: Ecological applications for remote sensing
    • Kerr J.T., and Ostrovsky M. From space to species: Ecological applications for remote sensing. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 18 (2003) 299-305
    • (2003) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.18 , pp. 299-305
    • Kerr, J.T.1    Ostrovsky, M.2
  • 52
    • 0029659347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Forest canopies and their influence of understory vegetation in early seral stands on west Vancouver island
    • Kilina A.K., Chen H.Y.H., Wang Q., and Montigny L. Forest canopies and their influence of understory vegetation in early seral stands on west Vancouver island. Northwest Science 70 (1996) 193-200
    • (1996) Northwest Science , vol.70 , pp. 193-200
    • Kilina, A.K.1    Chen, H.Y.H.2    Wang, Q.3    Montigny, L.4
  • 54
    • 51149104394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping of understory lichens with airborne discrete-return LiDAR data
    • Korpela I.S. Mapping of understory lichens with airborne discrete-return LiDAR data. Remote Sensing of Environment 112 (2008) 3891-3897
    • (2008) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.112 , pp. 3891-3897
    • Korpela, I.S.1
  • 55
    • 33646905445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and evaluation of habitat suitability models at multiple spatial scale: A case study with the dusky flycatcher
    • Kroll A.J., and Haufle J.B. Development and evaluation of habitat suitability models at multiple spatial scale: A case study with the dusky flycatcher. Forest Ecology and Management 229 (2006) 161-169
    • (2006) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.229 , pp. 161-169
    • Kroll, A.J.1    Haufle, J.B.2
  • 56
    • 31344453556 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping invasive plants using hyperspectral imagery and Breiman Cutler classifications (RandomForest)
    • Lawrence R.L., Wood S.D., and Sheley R.L. Mapping invasive plants using hyperspectral imagery and Breiman Cutler classifications (RandomForest). Remote Sensing of Environment 100 (2006) 356-362
    • (2006) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.100 , pp. 356-362
    • Lawrence, R.L.1    Wood, S.D.2    Sheley, R.L.3
  • 58
    • 0345040873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classification and regression by Random-Forest
    • Liaw A., and Wiener M. Classification and regression by Random-Forest. R News 2 (2002) 18-22
    • (2002) R News , vol.2 , pp. 18-22
    • Liaw, A.1    Wiener, M.2
  • 60
    • 0001476488 scopus 로고
    • On bird species diversity
    • MacArthur R.H., and MacArthur J.W. On bird species diversity. Ecology 42 (1961) 594-598
    • (1961) Ecology , vol.42 , pp. 594-598
    • MacArthur, R.H.1    MacArthur, J.W.2
  • 61
    • 24944587169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Identifying and quantifying structural characteristics of heterogeneous boreal forests using laser scanner data
    • Maltamo M., Packalén P., Yu X., Eerikäinen K., Hyyppä J., and Pitkänen J. Identifying and quantifying structural characteristics of heterogeneous boreal forests using laser scanner data. Forest Ecology and Management 216 (2005) 41-50
    • (2005) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.216 , pp. 41-50
    • Maltamo, M.1    Packalén, P.2    Yu, X.3    Eerikäinen, K.4    Hyyppä, J.5    Pitkänen, J.6
  • 64
    • 0033593839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the distributions of shrub species in Pacific Northwest forests
    • McKenzie D., and Halpern C.B. Modeling the distributions of shrub species in Pacific Northwest forests. Forest Ecology and Management 114 (1999) 293-307
    • (1999) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.114 , pp. 293-307
    • McKenzie, D.1    Halpern, C.B.2
  • 66
    • 70350016706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Murphy, M. A., Evans, J. S., & Storfer. (in press). Quantifying Bufo bores connectivity in Yellowstone National Park with landscape genetics. Ecology.
    • Murphy, M. A., Evans, J. S., & Storfer. (in press). Quantifying Bufo bores connectivity in Yellowstone National Park with landscape genetics. Ecology.
  • 67
    • 21444446665 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Locating and estimating the extent of delmarva fox squirrel habitat using an airborne LiDAR profiler
    • Nelson R., Keller C., and Ratnaswamy M. Locating and estimating the extent of delmarva fox squirrel habitat using an airborne LiDAR profiler. Remote Sensing of Environment 96 (2005) 292-301
    • (2005) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.96 , pp. 292-301
    • Nelson, R.1    Keller, C.2    Ratnaswamy, M.3
  • 69
    • 0033594215 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing and monitoring forest biodiversity: A suggested framework and indicators
    • Noss R.F. Assessing and monitoring forest biodiversity: A suggested framework and indicators. Forest Ecology and Management 115 (1999) 135-146
    • (1999) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.115 , pp. 135-146
    • Noss, R.F.1
  • 70
    • 0028190090 scopus 로고
    • Snag abundance for primary cavity-nesting birds on nonfederal forest lands in Oregon and Washington
    • Ohmann J.L., McComb W.C., and Zunrawi A. Snag abundance for primary cavity-nesting birds on nonfederal forest lands in Oregon and Washington. Wildlife Society Bulletin 22 (1994) 607-620
    • (1994) Wildlife Society Bulletin , vol.22 , pp. 607-620
    • Ohmann, J.L.1    McComb, W.C.2    Zunrawi, A.3
  • 71
    • 43049128446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Airborne laser scanning-based prediction of coarse woody debris volumes in a conservation area
    • Pesonen A., Maltamo M., Eerikäinen, and Packalen P. Airborne laser scanning-based prediction of coarse woody debris volumes in a conservation area. Forest Ecology and Management 255 (2008) 3288-3296
    • (2008) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.255 , pp. 3288-3296
    • Pesonen, A.1    Maltamo, M.2    Eerikäinen3    Packalen, P.4
  • 72
    • 33645330972 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Newer classification and regression tree techniques: Bagging and random forests for ecological prediction
    • Prasad A.M., Iverson L.R., and Liaw A. Newer classification and regression tree techniques: Bagging and random forests for ecological prediction. Ecosystems 9 (2006) 181-199
    • (2006) Ecosystems , vol.9 , pp. 181-199
    • Prasad, A.M.1    Iverson, L.R.2    Liaw, A.3
  • 73
    • 0032220303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A verified habitat suitability index for the Louisiana Waterthrush
    • Prosser D.J., and Brooks R.P. A verified habitat suitability index for the Louisiana Waterthrush. Journal of Field Ecology 69 (1998) 288-298
    • (1998) Journal of Field Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 288-298
    • Prosser, D.J.1    Brooks, R.P.2
  • 74
    • 64249118105 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R: A language and environment for statistical computing
    • ISBN:3-900051-07-0, URL http://www.R-project.org
    • R Development Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria (2005). http://www.R-project.org ISBN:3-900051-07-0, URL http://www.R-project.org
    • (2005) R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria
    • R Development Core Team1
  • 75
    • 0141794157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling airborne laser scanning data for the spatial generation of critical forest parameters in fire behaviour modelling
    • Riaño D., Meier E., Allgöwer B., Chuvieco E., and Ustin S.L. Modelling airborne laser scanning data for the spatial generation of critical forest parameters in fire behaviour modelling. Remote Sensing of Environment 86 (2003) 177-186
    • (2003) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.86 , pp. 177-186
    • Riaño, D.1    Meier, E.2    Allgöwer, B.3    Chuvieco, E.4    Ustin, S.L.5
  • 76
    • 70350025873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat suitability model for dusky flycatcher (Empidonax oberholseri) in the intermountain West
    • 6 pp.
    • Roloff G.F. Habitat suitability model for dusky flycatcher (Empidonax oberholseri) in the intermountain West. Timberland Resources, Boise Cascade Corporation, Boise, ID (2001) 6 pp.
    • (2001) Timberland Resources, Boise Cascade Corporation, Boise, ID
    • Roloff, G.F.1
  • 78
    • 38549122242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Habitat suitability models for cavity-nesting birds in a postfire landscape
    • Russell R.E., Saab V.A., and Dudley J. Habitat suitability models for cavity-nesting birds in a postfire landscape. The Journal of Wildlife Management 71 (2007) 2600-2611
    • (2007) The Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.71 , pp. 2600-2611
    • Russell, R.E.1    Saab, V.A.2    Dudley, J.3
  • 82
    • 34247188602 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Remotely sensed measurements of forest structure and fuel loads in the Pinelands of New Jersey
    • Skowronski N., Clark K., Nelson R., Hom J., and Patterson M. Remotely sensed measurements of forest structure and fuel loads in the Pinelands of New Jersey. Remote Sensing of Environment 108 (2007) 123-129
    • (2007) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.108 , pp. 123-129
    • Skowronski, N.1    Clark, K.2    Nelson, R.3    Hom, J.4    Patterson, M.5
  • 84
    • 27744570235 scopus 로고
    • Habitat suitability index models: Hairy woodpecker
    • US Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service 19 pp.
    • Souza P.J. Habitat suitability index models: Hairy woodpecker. US Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. Biol. Rep. Vol. 82 (10.146) (1987) 19 pp.
    • (1987) Biol. Rep. , vol.82 10.146
    • Souza, P.J.1
  • 85
    • 21444438480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Snag density and use by cavity-nesting birds in managed stands of the Black Hills National Forest
    • Spiering D.J., and Knight R.L. Snag density and use by cavity-nesting birds in managed stands of the Black Hills National Forest. Forest Ecology and Management 214 (2005) 40-52
    • (2005) Forest Ecology and Management , vol.214 , pp. 40-52
    • Spiering, D.J.1    Knight, R.L.2
  • 86
    • 0001125105 scopus 로고
    • An expression of the effects of aspect, slope, and habitat type on tree growth
    • Stage A.R. An expression of the effects of aspect, slope, and habitat type on tree growth. Forest Science 22 (1976) 457-460
    • (1976) Forest Science , vol.22 , pp. 457-460
    • Stage, A.R.1
  • 88
    • 33847096395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bias in random forest variable importance measures: Illustrations, sources and a solution
    • Strobl C., Boulesteix A., Zeileis A., and Hothorn T. Bias in random forest variable importance measures: Illustrations, sources and a solution. BMC Bioinformatics 8 (2007) 25
    • (2007) BMC Bioinformatics , vol.8 , pp. 25
    • Strobl, C.1    Boulesteix, A.2    Zeileis, A.3    Hothorn, T.4
  • 89
    • 40549088009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of diverse plant communities in Aspen Parkland rangeland using LiDAR data
    • Su J., and Bork E.W. Characterization of diverse plant communities in Aspen Parkland rangeland using LiDAR data. Applied Vegetation Science 10 (2007) 407-416
    • (2007) Applied Vegetation Science , vol.10 , pp. 407-416
    • Su, J.1    Bork, E.W.2
  • 90
    • 34547673383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cost-sensitive boosting for classification of imbalanced data
    • Sun Y., Kamel M.S., Wong A.K.C., and Wang Y. Cost-sensitive boosting for classification of imbalanced data. Pattern Recognition 40 (2007) 3358-3378
    • (2007) Pattern Recognition , vol.40 , pp. 3358-3378
    • Sun, Y.1    Kamel, M.S.2    Wong, A.K.C.3    Wang, Y.4
  • 91
    • 70350016708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mapping potential Ivory billed woodpecker habitat using LiDAR and hyperspectral data fusion
    • 2008 Fall Meeting Suppl., Abstract B32A-04
    • Swatantran A., Dubayah R., Hofton M., Blair J.B., and Handley L. Mapping potential Ivory billed woodpecker habitat using LiDAR and hyperspectral data fusion. Eos, Transactions AGU 89 53 (2008) 2008 Fall Meeting Suppl., Abstract B32A-04
    • (2008) Eos, Transactions AGU , vol.89 , Issue.53
    • Swatantran, A.1    Dubayah, R.2    Hofton, M.3    Blair, J.B.4    Handley, L.5
  • 92
    • 0003298905 scopus 로고
    • Snags
    • Wildlife habitats in managed forests: The Blue Mountains of Oregon Washington. Thomas J.W. (Ed), Wildlife management Institute, Washington, D.C., USA
    • Thomas J.W., Anderson R.G., Maser C., and Bull E.L. Snags. In: Thomas J.W. (Ed). Wildlife habitats in managed forests: The Blue Mountains of Oregon Washington. US Forest Service Agriculture Handbook Vol. 553 (1979), Wildlife management Institute, Washington, D.C., USA 60-77
    • (1979) US Forest Service Agriculture Handbook , vol.553 , pp. 60-77
    • Thomas, J.W.1    Anderson, R.G.2    Maser, C.3    Bull, E.L.4
  • 95
    • 0033779289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of canopy structure on the understory environment in tall, old-growth, coniferous forest
    • Van Pelt R., and Franklin J.F. Influence of canopy structure on the understory environment in tall, old-growth, coniferous forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 30 (2000) 1231-1245
    • (2000) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.30 , pp. 1231-1245
    • Van Pelt, R.1    Franklin, J.F.2
  • 96
    • 35848957938 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Boreal forest landbirds in relation to forest composition, structure, and landscape: Implications for forest management
    • Venier L.A., and Pearce J.L. Boreal forest landbirds in relation to forest composition, structure, and landscape: Implications for forest management. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37 (2007) 1214-1226
    • (2007) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.37 , pp. 1214-1226
    • Venier, L.A.1    Pearce, J.L.2
  • 98
    • 33646709679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why study woodpeckers? The significance of woodpeckers in forest ecosystems
    • Virkkala R. Why study woodpeckers? The significance of woodpeckers in forest ecosystems. Annales Zoologici Fennici 43 (2006) 82-85
    • (2006) Annales Zoologici Fennici , vol.43 , pp. 82-85
    • Virkkala, R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.