Maturity and quality of 'Liberty' apple fruit under integrated and organic fruit production systems are similar

HortScience

Volumn 44, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 1382-1389

  Peck, Gregory M ^a   Merwin, Ian A ^a   Watkins, Christopher B ^a   Chapman, Kathryn W ^a   Padilla Zakour, Olga I ^b  

^a Department of Obstetrics Gynecology   (United States)

^b New York State Agricultural Experiment Station   (United States)

Author keywords

Antioxidant activity; Malus domestica; Nutraceuticals; Sensory evaluation; Sustainable agriculture; Systems study; Total phenolics

Indexed keywords

MALUS; MALUS X DOMESTICA;

EID: 70350026482     PISSN: 00185345     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.21273/hortsci.44.5.1382     Document Type: Article

References (43)

1. Agnello, A. (ed.). 2007. Pest management guidelines for commercial tree-fruit production. Cornell Coop. Ext. Ithaca, NY.
2. Alwan, T.F. and C.B. Watkins. 1999. Intermittent warming effects on superficial scald development of 'Cortland', 'Delicious' and 'Law Rome' apple fruit. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 16:203-212.
3. Awad, M.A., A. De Jager, M. Dekker, and W.M.F. Jongen. 2001. Formation of flavonoids and chlorogenic acid in apples as affected by crop load. Scientia Hort. 91:227-237.
4. Blanpied, G.D. and K. Silsby. 1992. Predicting harvest date windows for apples. Cornell Univ. Coop. Ext. Bull. 221.
5. Briviba, K., B.A. Stracke, C.E. Rüfer, B. Watzl, F.P. Franco, and A. Bub. 2007. Effect of consumption of organically and conventionally produced apples on antioxidant activity and DNA damage in humans. J. Agr. Food Chem. 55:7716-7721.
6. Carroll, J.E. and T.L. Robinson. (eds.). 2006. New York integrated fruit production protocol for apples. New York's Food and Life Sci. Bull. 158.
7. Chryssohoidis, G.M. and A. Krystallis. 2005. Organic consumers' personal values research: Testing and validating the list of values (LOV) scale and implementing a value-based segmentation task. Food Qual. Prefer. 16:585-599.
8. DeEll, J.R. and R.K. Prange. 1992. Postharvest quality and sensory attributes of organically and conventionally grown apples. HortScience 27:1096-1099.
9. Federal Register. 2000. National organic program; final rule. 7 CFR part 65.80547-80596.
10. Federal Register. 2002. United States standards for grades of apples. 7 CFR part 51.300-321.
11. Ferguson, I.B. and L.M. Boyd. 2002. Inorganic nutrients and fruit quality, p. 17-45. In: Knee, M. (ed.). Fruit quality and its biological basis. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
12. Francesconi, A.H.D., C.B. Watkins, A.N. Lakso, J.P. Nyrop, J. Barnard, and S.S. Denning. 1996. Interactions of European red mite and crop load on maturity and quality, mineral concentrations, and economic value of 'Starkrimson Delicious' apples. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 121: 967-972.
13. Glenn, D.M., G.J. Puterka, S. Drake, T.R. Unruh, A.L. Knight, P. Baherle, E. Prado, and T. Baugher. 2001. Particle film application influences apple leaf physiology, fruit yield and quality. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 126:175-181.
14. Glenn, D.M., S. Drake, J.A. Abbott, G.J. Puterka, and P. Gundrum. 2005. Season and cultivar influence the fruit quality response of apple cultivars to particle film treatments. HortTechnology 15:249-253.
15. Harker, F.R. 2004. Organic food claims cannot be substantiated through testing of samples intercepted in the marketplace: A horticulturalist's opinion. Food Qual. Prefer. 15:91-95.
16. Harker, F.R., J. Maindonald, S.H. Murray, F.A. Gunson, I.C. Hallett, and S.B. Walker. 2002a. Sensory interpretation of instrumental measurements 1: Texture of apple fruit. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 24:225-239.
17. Harker, F.R., K.B. Marsh, H. Young, S.H. Murray, F.A. Gunson, and S.B. Walker. 2002b. Sensory interpretation of instrumental measurements 2: Sweet and acid taste of apple fruit. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 24:241-250.
18. Kalra, Y.P. (ed.). 1998. Handbook of reference methods for plant analysis. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
19. Kim, D.-O. and C.Y. Lee. 2002. Extraction and isolation of polyphenolics, p. I1.2.1-I1.2.12. In: Wrolstad, R.E. (ed.). Current protocols in food analytical chemistry. Wiley, New York, NY.
20. Kim, D.-O., K.W. Lee, H.J. Lee, and C.Y. Lee. 2002. Vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity (VCEAC) of phenolic phytochemicals. J. Agr. Food Chem. 50:3713-3717.
21. Lamperi, L., U. Chiuminatto, A. Cincinelli, P. Galvan, E. Giordani, L. Lepri, and M. Del Bubba. 2008. Polyphenol levels and free radical scavenging activities of four apple cultivars from integrated and organic farming in different Italian areas. J. Agr. Food Chem. 56:6536-6546.
22. Lawless, H.T. and H. Heymann. 1999. Sensory evaluation of food: Principles and practices. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, NY.
23. McGhie, T.K., M. Hunt, and L.E. Barnett. 2005. Cultivar and growing region determine the antioxidant phenolic concentration and composition of apples grown in New Zealand. J. Agr. Food Chem. 53:3065-3070.
24. Merwin, I., G. Peck, and E. Vollmer. 2005. Organic orchards in the Northeast: Progress, practices, and problems. In: Granatstein, D. and A. Azarenko (eds.). Proc. 3rd Natl. Organic Tree Fruit Res. Symp. Washington State Univ. Tree Fruit Res. and Ext. Ctr., Wenatchee, WA.
25. Merwin, I.A. 2003. Orchard floor management systems, p. 303-318. In: Ferree, D.C. (ed.). Apples: Botany, production, and uses. CABI Publications, Wallingford, UK.
26. Nestle, M. 2006. What to eat: An aisle-by-aisle guide to savvy food choices and good eating. North Point Press, New York, NY.
27. Peck, G.M. 2009. Integrated and organic production of 'Liberty' apple: Two agroecosystems from the ground up. Dissertation. Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
28. Peck, G.M., P.K. Andrews, C. Richter, and J.P. Reganold. 2005. Internationalization of the organic fruit market: The case of Washington State's organic apple exports to the European Union. Renewable Agr. Food Sys. 20:101-112.
29. Peck, G.M., P.K. Andrews, J.P. Reganold, and J.K. Fellman. 2006. Apple orchard productivity and fruit quality under organic, conventional, and integrated management. HortScience 41:99-107.
30. Pollan, M. 2006. The omnivore's dilemma: A natural history of four meals. The Penguin Press, New York, NY.
31. Reganold, J.P., J.D. Glover, P.K. Andrews, and H.R. Hinman. 2001. Sustainability of three apple production systems. Nature 410:926-930.
32. Róth, E., A. Berna, K. Beullens, S. Yarramraju, J. Lammertyna, A. Schenk, and B. Nicolaï. 2007. Postharvest quality of integrated and organically produced apple fruit. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 45:11-19.
33. Sansavini, S. 1997. Integrated fruit production in Europe: Research and strategies for a sustainable industry. Scientia Hort. 68:25-36.
34. Schupp, J.R., E. Fallahi, and I. Chun. 2002. Effect of particle film on fruit sunburn, maturity, and quality of 'Fuji' and 'Honeycrisp' apples. HortTechnology 12:87-90.
35. Singleton, V.L. and F.A. Rossi, Jr. 1965. Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolybdicphosphotungstic acid reagents. Amer. J. Enol. Viticult. 16:144-158.
36. Turner, N.A., I.B. Ferguson, and R.O. Sharples. 1977. Sampling and analysis for determining relationships of calcium concentrations to bitter pit in apple fruit. N.Z. J. Agr. Res. 20: 525-532.
37. Valois, S., I.A. Merwin, and O.I. Padilla-Zakour. 2006. Characterization of fermented cider apple cultivars grown in Upstate New York. J. Amer. Pomol. Soc. 60:113-128.
38. Wand, S.J.E., K.I. Theron, J. Ackerman, and S.J.S. Marais. 2006. Harvest and post-harvest apple fruit quality following applications of kaolin particle film in South African orchards. Scientia Hort. 107:271-276.
39. Watkins, C.B. and J.H. Ekman. 2005. How postharvest technologies affect quality, p. 447-491. In: Ben-Yehoshua, S. (ed.). Environmentally friendly technologies for agricultural produce quality. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
40. Weibel, F.P., R. Bickel, S. Leuthold, and T. Alföldi. 2000. Are organically grown apples tastier and healthier? A comparative field study using conventional and alternative methods to measure fruit quality. Acta Hort. 517:417-426.
41. Wier, M., K.O. Jensen, L.M. Andersen, and K. Millock. 2008. The character of demand in mature organic food markets; Great Britain and Denmark compared. Food Policy 33:406-421.
42. Yue, C., F. Alfnes, and H.H. Jensen. 2006. Discounting spotted apples: Investigating consumers' willingness to accept cosmetic damage in an organic product. Ctr. Agr. Rural Dev., Iowa State University, Ames, IA. Working Paper 06-WP 436.
43. Zhao, X., E.C. Carey, W. Wang, and C.B. Rajashekar. 2006. Does organic production enhance phytochemical content of fruit and vegetables? Current knowledge and prospects for research. HortTechnology 16:449-456.