Aromatic hydrocarbons of mineral oil origin in foods: method for determining the total concentration and first result

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

Volumn 57, Issue 19, 2009, Pages 8711-8721

  Maurus, Biedermann ^a   Katell, Fiselier ^a   Koni, Grob ^a  

^a Official Food Control Authority of the Canton of Zurich   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Epoxidation of olefins; Food contamination by mineral oil; Mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons; Online HPLC GC PID

Indexed keywords

AROMATIC HYDROCARBON; MINERAL OIL;

ARTICLE; CHEMISTRY; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FOOD ANALYSIS; FOOD CONTAMINATION; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; METHODOLOGY;

CHROMATOGRAPHY, GAS; CHROMATOGRAPHY, HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FOOD ANALYSIS; FOOD CONTAMINATION; HYDROCARBONS, AROMATIC; MINERAL OIL;

EID: 70349932617     PISSN: 00218561     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jf901375e     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Grob, K.; Lanfranchi, M.; Egli, J.; Artho, A. Determination of food contamination by mineral oil from jute sacks using coupled LC-GC. J. AOAC Int. 1991, 74, 506-512.
2. Grob, K.; Artho, A.; Biedermann, M.; Caramaschi, A.; Mikle, H. Batching oils on sisal bags used for packaging foods: analysis by coupled LC-GC. J. AOAC Int. 1992, 75, 283-287.
3. Castle, L. Migration of mineral hydrocarbons into foods: 1. Polystyrene containers for hot and cold beverages. Food Addit. Contam. 1991, 8, 693-700.
4. Grob, K.; Biedermann, M.; Artho, A.; Egli, J. Food contamination by hydrocarbons from packaging materials determined by coupled LC-GC. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. 1991, 193, 213-219.
5. Jickells, S. M.; Nichol, J.; Castle, L. Migration of mineral hydrocarbons into foods: 5. Miscellaneous applications of mineral hydrocarbons in food contact materials. Food Addit. Contam. 1994, 11, 333-341. (Pubitemid 24196446)
6. Droz, C.; Grob, K. Determination of food contamination by mineral oil material from printed cardboard using on-line coupled LC-GCFID. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. 1997, 205, 239-241. (Pubitemid 127788887)
7. Grob, K.; Huber, M.; Boderius, U.; Bronz, M. Mineral oil material in canned foods. Food Addit. Contam. 1997, 14, 83-88. (Pubitemid 27077546)
8. Grob, K.; Artho, A.; Biedermann, M.; Egli, J. Food contamination by hydrocarbons from lubricating oils and release agents: determination by coupled LC-GC. Food Addit. Contam. 1991, 8, 437-446.
9. Grob, K.; Biedermann, M.; Bronz, M. Resultate einer Kontrolle von Speiseölen: Fälschungen durch Zumischungen, Verunreinigungen. Min. Gebiete Lebensm. Hyg. 1994, 85, 351-365.
10. Grob, K.; Vass, M.; Biedermann, M.; Neukom, H. P. Contamination of animal feed and food from animal origin with mineral oil hydrocarbons. Food Addit. Contam. 2001, 18, 1-10.
11. Biedermann, M.; Grob, K. How "white" was the mineral oil in the contaminated Ukrainian sunflower oils? Eur. J. Lipid Sci. Technol. 2009, 111, 313-319.
12. Neukom, H. P.; Grob, K.; Biedermann, M.; Noti, A. Food contamination by C20-C50 mineral paraffins from the atmosphere. Atmos. Environ. 2002, 36, 4839-4847.
13. Brandenberger, S.; Mohr, M.; Grob, K.; Neukom, H. P. Contribution of unburned lubricating oil and diesel fuel to particulate emission from passenger cars. Atmos. Environ. 2005, 39, 6985-6994. (Pubitemid 41539467)
14. Fiorini, D.; Fiselier, K.; Biedermann, M.; Ballini, R.; Coni, E.; Grob, K. Contamination of grape seed oil with mineral oil paraffins. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008, 58, 11245-11250.
15. Fiselier, K.; Grob, K. Mineral oil paraffins in foods: lowered detection limit; contamination of sunflower seeds and oils. Eur. Food Res. Technol. 2008, 110, 979-981.
16. Wagner, Ch.; Neukom, H. P.; Grob, K.; Morel, S.; Populin, T.; Conte, L. S. Mineral paraffins in vegetable oils and refinery byproducts for animal feeds. Mitt. Lebensm. Hyg. 2001, 92, 499-514.
17. Populin, T.; Biedermann, M.; Grob, K.; Moret, S.; Conte, L. Relative hopane content confirming the mineral origin of hydrocarbons contaminating foods and human milk. Food Addit. Contam. 2004, 21, 893-904. (Pubitemid 39490009)
18. JECFA, Summary of evaluations performed by the Joint FAO/ WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. April 25, 2003. http://www.inchem.org/documents/ jecfa/jeceval/jec-1655.htm
19. Heimbach, J. T.; Bodor, A. R.; Douglass, J. S.; Barraj, L. M.; Cohen, S. C.; Biles, R. W.; Faust, H. R. Dietary exposures to mineral hydrocarbons from food-use applications in the United States. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2002, 40, 555-571.
20. Tennant, D. R. The usage, occurrence and dietary intakes of white mineral oils and waxes in Europe. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2004, 42, 481-1192
21. Concin, N.; Hofstetter, G.; Plattner, B.; Tomovski, C.; Fiselier, K.; Gerritzen, K.; Fessier, S.; Windbichler, G.; Zeimet, A.; Ulmer, H.; Siegl, H.; Rieger, K.; Concin, H.; Grob, K. Mineral oil paraffins in human body fat and milk. Food Chem. Toxicol. 2008, 46, 544-552.
22. Simanzhenkov, V.; Idem, R. Crude Oil Chemistry; Dekker: New York, 2003.
23. Moret, S.; Conte, L. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in edible fats and oils: occurrence and analytical methods. J. Chromatogr., A 2000, 882, 245-253. (Pubitemid 30323714)
24. Grob, K.; Biedermann, M.; Caramaschi, A.; Pacciarelli, B. LC-GC analysis of the aromatics in a mineral oil: batching oil for jute bags. J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 1991, 14, 33-39.
25. Grob, K. On-line Coupled LC-GC; Huthig: Heidelberg, Germany, 1991; ISBN 3-7785-1872-0.
26. Grob, K. Efficiency through combining HPLC and HRGC: progress 1995-1999. J. Chromatogr.. A 2000, 892, 407-420.
27. Fiselier, K.; Fiorini, D.; Grob, K. Activated aluminum oxide selectively retaining long chain n-alkanes. Part II, integration into an on-line HPLC-LC-GC-FID method to remove plant paraffins for the determination of mineral paraffins in foods and environmental samples. Anal. Chim. Acta 2009, 634, 102-109.
28. Zeigler, Ch.; MacNamara, K.; Wang, Z.; Robbat, A. Total alkylated PAH characterization and quantitative comparison of selected ion monitoring versus full scan GC/MS based on spectra deconvolution. J. Chromatogr., A 2008, 1205, 109-116.
29. Moret, S.; Grob, K.; Conte, L. S. On-line HPLC (LC)-solvent evaporation (SE)-LC-capillary GC-FID for the analysis of mineral oil polyaromatic hydrocarbons in fatty foods. J. Chromatogr. 1996, 750, 361-368.
30. Moret, S.; Grob, K.; Conte, L. S. Mineral oil polyaromatic hydrocarbons in foods, e.g. from jute bags, by on-line LC-solvent evaporation (SE)-LC-GC-FID. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. 1997, 204, 241-246.
31. Biedermann, M.; Grob, K. Comprehensive two-dimensional GC after HPLC preseparation for the characterization of aromatic hydrocarbons of mineral oil origin in contaminated sunflower oil. J. Sep. Sci. 2009, in press.
32. Biedermann, M.; Grob, K. The Y-piece interface for on-line coupled HPLC-GC. J. Chromatogr., A 2009, in press.
33. Beens, J.; Blomberg, J.; Schoenmakers, P. J. Proper tuning of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) to optimize the separation of complex oil fractions. J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 2000, 23, 182-188.
34. Blomberg, J.; Schoenmakers, P. J.; Brinkman, U. A. Th. Gas chromatographic methods for oil analysis. J. Chromatogr., A 2002, 972, 137-173.
35. Frysinger, G. S.; Gaines, R. B.; Xu, L.; Reddy, C. M. Resolving the unresolved complex mixture in petroleum-contaminated sediments. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2003, 37, 1653-1662.
36. Adam, F.; Bertoncini, F; Thiébaut, D.; Esnault, S.; Espinal, D.; Hennion, M. C. Towards comprehensive hydrocarbons analysis of middle distillates by LC-GCxGC. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 2007, 45, 643-649. (Pubitemid 350175989)
37. Seeley, S. K.; Bandurski, S. V.; Brown, R. G.; McCurry, J. D.; Seeley, J. V. A comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography method for analyzing extractable petroleum hydrocarbons in water and soil. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 2007, 45, 657-663.
38. Ventura, G. T.; Kenig, F.; Reddy, C. M.; Frysinger, G. S.; Nelson, R. K.; Van Mooy, B.; Gaines, R. B. Analysis of unresolved complex mixtures of hydrocarbons extracted from late Archean sediments by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC). Org. Geochem. 2008, 39, 846-867.
39. Edam, R.; Blomberg, J.; Janssen, H. G.; Schoenmakers, P. J. Comprehensive multi-dimensional chromatographic studies on the separation of saturated hydrocarbon ring structures in petrochemical samples. J. Chromatogr., A 2005, 1086, 12-20. (Pubitemid 41033266)
40. Vendeuvre, C.; Bertoncini, F.; Espinat, D.; Thiébaut, D.; Hennion, M. C. Multidimensional gas chromatography for the detailed PIONA analysis of heavy naphtha: hyphenation of an olefin trap to comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. J. Chromatogr., A 2005, 1090, 116-125.
41. Grob, K.; Kälin, I.; Artho, A. Coupled LC-GC: capacity of silica gel (HP)LC columns for retaining fat. J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 1991, 14, 373-376.
42. Rohwer, E. R.; Chen, G.-C.; Hassett, A. J. Preparation and storage of ultra high purity hexane for solvent effect gas chromatographic analysis. J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 1993, 16, 561-564.
43. Boselli, E.; Grob, K.; Lercker, G. Capacity of uncoated 0.53 mm i.d. pre-columns for retaining sample liquid in presence of a solvent vapor exit. J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 1999, 22, 149-152. (Pubitemid 29101773)
44. Wagner, Ch.; Neukom, H.-P.; Galetti, V.; Grob, K. Determination of mineral paraffins in feeds and foodstuffs by bromination and preseparation on aluminum oxide: method and results of a ring test. Mitt. Lebensm. Hyg. 2001, 92, 231-249. (Pubitemid 33310015)
45. Mariani, C. Stazione Sperimentale per Ie Industrie degli OH e Grassi, 2009 (private communication).