Methylprednisolone fails to improve functional and histological outcome following spinal cord injury in rats

Experimental Neurology

Volumn 220, Issue 1, 2009, Pages 71-81

  Pereira, José E ^a   Costa, Luís M ^a   Cabrita, António M ^b   Couto, Pedro A ^a   Filipe, Vítor M ^a   Magalhães, Luís G ^c,d   Fornaro, Michele ^e   Di Scipio, Federica ^e   Geuna, Stefano ^e   Maurício, Ana C ^f   Varejão, Artur S P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TRÁS OS MONTES AND ALTO DOURO   (Portugal)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COIMBRA   (Portugal)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TRÁS OS MONTES AND ALTO DOURO   (Portugal)

^d UNIVERSITY OF PORTO   (Portugal)

^e UNIVERSITY OF TURIN   (Italy)

^f UNIVERSITY OF PORTO   (Portugal)

Author keywords

3D gait analysis; Kinematics; Methylprednisolone; Rat; Spinal cord injury

Indexed keywords

METHYLPREDNISOLONE SODIUM SUCCINATE; SODIUM CHLORIDE;

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ANKLE; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CONTUSION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG TREATMENT FAILURE; FEMALE; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; HIP; HISTOPATHOLOGY; JOINT FUNCTION; KINEMATICS; KNEE FUNCTION; LOCOMOTION; NONHUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RAT; RATING SCALE; SPINAL CORD INJURY; STEREOLOGY; TISSUE INJURY; TREADMILL EXERCISE; WALKING;

ANIMALS; BIOMECHANICS; DISABILITY EVALUATION; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; FEMALE; GAIT DISORDERS, NEUROLOGIC; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION; PARAPLEGIA; RATS; RATS, WISTAR; RECOVERY OF FUNCTION; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX; SPINAL CORD; SPINAL CORD INJURIES;

EID: 70349754162     PISSN: 00144886     EISSN: 10902430     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.07.030     Document Type: Article

References (63)

1. Adams M., Carlstedt T., Cavanagh J., Lemon R.N., McKernan R., Priestley J.V., Raisman G., and Verhaagen J. International spinal research trust research strategy III: a discussion document. Spinal Cord 45 (2007) 2-14
2. Aslan H., Songur A., Tunc A.T., Ozen O.A., Bas O., Yagmurca M., Turgut M., Sarsilmaz M., and Kaplan S. Effects of formaldehyde exposure on granule cell number and volume of dentate gyrus: a histopathological and stereological study. Brain Res. 1122 (2006) 191-200
3. Baptiste D.C., and Fehlings M.G. Emerging drugs for spinal cord injury. Expert Opin. Emerg. Drugs 13 (2008) 63-80
4. Basso D.M. Behavioral testing after spinal cord injury: congruities, complexities, and controversies. J. Neurotrauma 21 (2004) 395-404
5. Basso D.M., Beattie M.S., and Bresnahan J.C. A sensitive and reliable locomotor rating scale for open field testing in rats. J. Neurotrauma 12 (1995) 1-21
6. Bracken M.B., Shepard M.J., Collins W.F., Holford T.R., Young W., Baskin D.S., Eisenberg H.M., Flamm E., Leo-Summers L., Maroon J., et al. A randomized, controlled trial of methylprednisolone or naloxone in the treatment of acute spinal-cord injury. Results of the second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. N. Engl. J. Med. 322 (1990) 1405-1411
7. Bracken M.B., Shepard M.J., Collins Jr. W.F., Holford T.R., Baskin D.S., Eisenberg H.M., Flamm E., Leo-Summers L., Maroon J.C., Marshall L.F., et al. Methylprednisolone or naloxone treatment after acute spinal cord injury: 1-year follow-up data. Results of the second National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. J. Neurosurg. 76 (1992) 23-31
8. Bracken M.B., Shepard M.J., Holford T.R., Leo-Summers L., Aldrich E.F., Fazl M., Fehlings M., Herr D.L., Hitchon P.W., Marshall L.F., Nockels R.P., Pascale V., Perot Jr. P.L., Piepmeier J., Sonntag V.K., Wagner F., Wilberger J.E., Winn H.R., and Young W. Administration of methylprednisolone for 24 or 48 hours or tirilazad mesylate for 48 hours in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury. Results of the Third National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Randomized Controlled Trial. National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study. JAMA 277 (1997) 1597-1604
9. Bracken M.B., Shepard M.J., Holford T.R., Leo-Summers L., Aldrich E.F., Fazl M., Fehlings M.G., Herr D.L., Hitchon P.W., Marshall L.F., Nockels R.P., Pascale V., Perot Jr. P.L., Piepmeier J., Sonntag V.K., Wagner F., Wilberger J.E., Winn H.R., and Young W. Methylprednisolone or tirilazad mesylate administration after acute spinal cord injury: 1-year follow up. Results of the third National Acute Spinal Cord Injury randomized controlled trial. J. Neurosurg. 89 (1998) 699-706
10. Braughler J.M., and Hall E.D. Pharmacokinetics of methylprednisolone in cat plasma and spinal cord following a single intravenous dose of the sodium succinate ester. Drug Metab. Dispos. 10 (1982) 551-552
11. Braughler J.M., and Hall E.D. Uptake and elimination of methylprednisolone from contused cat spinal cord following intravenous injection of the sodium succinate ester. J. Neurosurg. 58 (1983) 538-542
12. Braughler J.M., and Hall E.D. Effects of multi-dose methylprednisolone sodium succinate administration on injured cat spinal cord neurofilament degradation and energy metabolism. J. Neurosurg. 61 (1984) 290-295
13. Braughler J.M., Hall E.D., Means E.D., Waters T.R., and Anderson D.K. Evaluation of an intensive methylprednisolone sodium succinate dosing regimen in experimental spinal cord injury. J. Neurosurg. 67 (1987) 102-105
14. Cao Q., Zhang Y.P., Iannotti C., DeVries W.H., Xu X.M., Shields C.B., and Whittemore S.R. Functional and electrophysiological changes after graded traumatic spinal cord injury in adult rat. Exp. Neurol. 191 (2005) S3-S16
15. Carlson G.D., Gorden C.D., Nakazawa S., Wada E., Smith J.S., and LaManna J.C. Sustained spinal cord compression. Part II: effect of methylprednisolone on regional blood flow and recovery of somatosensory evoked potentials. J. Bone Joint Surg. 85A (2003) 95-101
16. Christie S.D., Comeau B., Myers T., Sadi D., Purdy M., and Mendez I. Duration of lipid peroxidation after acute spinal cord injury in rats and the effect of methylprednisolone. Neurosurg. Focus 25 (2008) E5
17. Coleman W.P., Benzel D., Cahill D.W., Ducker T., Geisler F., Green B., Gropper M.R., Goffin J., Madsen III P.W., Maiman D.J., Ondra S.L., Rosner M., Sasso R.C., Trost G.R., and Zeidman S. A critical appraisal of the reporting of the National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Studies (II and III) of methylprednisolone in acute spinal cord injury. J. Spinal Disord. 13 (2000) 185-199
18. Couto P.A., Filipe V.M., Magalhães L.G., Pereira J.E., Costa L.M., Melo-Pinto P., Bulas-Cruz J., Maurício A.C., Geuna S., and Varejão A.S.P. A comparison of two-dimensional and three-dimensional techniques for the determination of hindlimb kinematics during treadmill locomotion in rats following spinal cord injury. J. Neurosci. Methods 173 (2008) 193-200
19. de Medinaceli L., Freed W.J., and Wyatt R.J. An index of the functional condition of rat sciatic nerve based on measurements made from walking tracks. Exp. Neurol. 77 (1982) 634-643
20. Fiala J.C. Reconstruct: a free editor for serial section microscopy. J. Microsc. 218 (2005) 52-61
21. Fouad K., Metz G.A., Merkler D., Dietz V., and Schwab M.E. Treadmill training in incomplete spinal cord injured rats. Behav. Brain Res. 115 (2000) 107-113
22. Geuna S. Appreciating the difference between design-based and model-based sampling strategies in quantitative morphology of the nervous system. J. Comp. Neurol. 427 (2000) 333-339
23. Geuna S., and Varejão A.S. Evaluation methods in the assessment of peripheral nerve regeneration. J. Neurosurg. 109 (2008) 360-362
24. Goldberger M.E., Bregman B.S., Vierck Jr. C.J., and Brown M. Criteria for assign recovery of function after spinal cord injury: behavioural methods. Exp. Neurol. 107 (1990) 113-117
25. Gorio A., Madaschi L., Zadra G., Marfia G., Cavalieri B., Bertini R., and Di Giulio A.M. Reparixin, an inhibitor of CXCR2 function, attenuates inflammatory responses and promotes recovery of function after traumatic lesion to the spinal cord. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 322 (2007) 973-981
26. Gruner J.A. A monitored contusion model of spinal cord injury in the rat. J. Neurotrauma 9 (1992) 123-126
27. Haghighi S.S., Agrawal S.K., Surdell Jr. D., Plambeck R., Agrawal S., Johnson G.C., and Walker A. Effects of methylprednisolone and MK-801 on functional recovery after experimental chronic spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 38 (2000) 733-740
28. Hall E.D. Drug development in spinal cord injury: what is the FDA looking for?. J. Rehabil. Res. Dev. 40 (2003) 81-91
29. Hall E.D., Wolf D.L., and Braughler J.M. Effects of a single large dose of methylprednisolone sodium succinate on experimental posttraumatic spinal cord ischemia. Dose-response and time-action analysis. J. Neurosurg. 61 (1984) 124-130
30. Hendriks W.T., Eggers R., Ruitenberg M.J., Blits B., Hamers F.P., Verhaagen J., and Boe G.J. Profound differences in spontaneous long-term functional recovery after defined spinal tract lesions in the rat. J. Neurotrauma 23 (2006) 18-35
31. Hurlbert R.J. Strategies of medical intervention in the management of acute spinal cord injury. Spine 31 (2006) S16-S21
32. Kim Y.T., Caldwell J.M., and Bellamkonda R.V. Nanoparticle-mediated local delivery of methylprednisolone after spinal cord injury. Biomaterials 30 (2009) 2582-2590
33. Knafo S., and Choi D. Clinical studies in spinal cord injury: moving towards successful trials. Brit. J. Neurosurg. 22 (2008) 3-12
34. Koopmans G.C., Deumens R., Honig W.M., Hamers F.P., Steinbusch H.W., and Joosten E.A. The assessment of locomotor function in spinal cord injured rats: the importance of objective analysis of coordination. J. Neurotrauma 22 (2005) 214-225
35. Koyanagi I., and Tator C.H. Effect of a single huge dose of methylprednisolone on blood flow, evoked potentials, and histology after acute spinal cord injury in the rat. Neurol. Res. 19 (1997) 289-299
36. Kunkel-Bagden E., Dai H.N., and Bregman B.S. Methods to assess the development and recovery of locomotor function after spinal cord injury in rats. Exp. Neurol. 119 (1993) 153-164
37. Kwon B.K., Oxland T.R., and Tetzlaff W. Animal models used in spinal cord regeneration research. Spine 27 (2002) 1504-1510
38. Lee J.M., Yan P., Xiao Q., Chen S., Lee K.Y., Hsu C.Y., and Xu J. Methylprednisolone protects oligodendrocytes but not neurons after spinal cord injury. J. Neurosci. 28 (2008) 3141-3149
39. Lopez-Vales R., Garcia-Alias G., Fores J., Udina E., Gold B.G., Navarro X., and Verdu E. FK 506 reduces tissue damage and prevents functional deficit after spinal cord injury in the rat. J. Neurosci. Res. 81 (2005) 827-836
40. McGinley P.A., Braughler J.M., and Hall E.D. Determination of methylprednisolone in central nervous tissue and plasma using normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 230 (1982) 29-35
41. Metz G.A., Merkler D., Dietz V., Schwab M.E., and Fouad K. Efficient testing of motor function in spinal cord injured rats. Brain Res. 883 (2000) 165-177
42. Miller S.M. Methylprednisolone in acute spinal cord injury: a tarnished standard. J. Neurosurg. Anesthesiol. 20 (2008) 140-142
43. Mu X., Azbill R.D., and Springer J.E. Riluzole and methylprednisolone combined treatment improves functional recovery in traumatic spinal cord injury. J. Neurotrauma 17 (2000) 773-780
44. Muir G.D., and Webb A.A. Mini-review: assessment of behavioural recovery following spinal cord injury in rats. Eur. J. Neurosci. 12 (2000) 3079-3086
45. Nash H.H., Borke R.C., and Anders J.J. Ensheathing cells and methylprednisolone promote axonal regeneration and functional recovery in the lesioned adult rat spinal cord. J. Neurosci. 22 (2002) 7111-7120
46. Nessler J.A., Minakata K., Sharp K., and Reinkensmeyer D.J. Robot-assisted hindlimb extension increases the probability of swing initiation during treadmill walking by spinal cord contused rats. J. Neurosci. Methods 159 (2007) 66-77
47. Norenberg M.D., Smith J., and Marcillo A. The pathology of human spinal cord injury: defining the problems. J. Neurotrauma 21 (2004) 429-440
48. Philippson M. L'autonomie et la centralisation dans le system nerveux des animaux. Trav. Lab. Physiol. Inst. Solvay (Bruxelles) 7 (1905) 1-208
49. Rabchevsky A.G., Fugaccia I., Sullivan P.G., Blades D.A., and Scheff S.W. Efficacy of methylprednisolone therapy for the injured rat spinal cord. J. Neurosci. Res. 68 (2002) 7-18
50. Rabinowitz R.S., Eck J.C., Harper Jr. C.M., Larson D.R., Jimenez M.A., Parisi J.E., Friedman J.A., Yaszemski M.J., and Currier B.L. Urgent surgical decompression compared to methylprednisolone for the treatment of acute spinal cord injury: a randomized prospective study in beagle dogs. Spine 33 (2008) 2260-2268
51. Rivlin A.S., and Tator C.H. Objective clinical assessment of motor function after experimental spinal cord injury in the rat. J. Neurosurg. 47 (1977) 577-781
52. Rossignol S., Schwab M., Schwartz M., and Fehlings M.G. Spinal cord injury: time to move. J. Neurosci. 27 (2007) 11782-11792
53. Sayer F.T., Kronvall E., and Nilsson O.G. Methylprednisolone treatment in acute spinal cord injury: the myth challenged through a structured analysis of published literature. Spine J. 6 (2006) 335-343
54. Scheff S.W., Rabchevsky A.G., Fugaccia I., Main J.A., and Lumpp J.E. Experimental modeling of spinal cord injury: characterization of a force-defined injury device. J. Neurotrauma 20 (2003) 179-193
55. Short D.J., El Masry W.S., and Jones P.W. High dose methylprednisolone in the management of acute spinal cord injury - a systematic review from a clinical perspective. Spinal Cord 38 (2000) 273-286
56. Takami T., Oudega M., Bethea J.R., Wood P.M., Kleitman N., and Bunge M.B. Methylprednisolone and interleukin-10 reduce gray matter damage in the contused Fischer rat thoracic spinal cord but do not improve functional outcome. J. Neurotrauma 19 (2000) 653-666
57. Varejão A.S.P., Cabrita A.M., Meek M.F., Bulas-Cruz J., Gabriel R.C., Filipe V.M., Melo-Pinto P., and Winter D.A. Motion of the foot and ankle during the stance phase in rats. Muscle Nerve 26 (2002) 630-635
58. von Euler M., Akesson E., Samuelsson E.B., Seiger A., and Sundstrom E. Motor performance score: a new algorithm for accurate behavioral testing of spinal cord injury in rats. Exp. Neurol. 137 (1996) 242-254
59. Weaver L.C., Gris D., Saville L.R., Oatway M.A., Chen Y., Marsh D.R., Hamilton E.F., and Dekaban G.A. Methylprednisolone causes minimal improvement after spinal cord injury in rats, contrasting with benefits of an anti-integrin treatment. J. Neurotrauma 22 (2005) 1375-1387
60. Webb A.A., and Muir G.D. Unilateral dorsal column and rubrospinal tract injuries affect overground locomotion in the unrestrained rat. Eur. J. Neurosci. 18 (2003) 412-422
61. Wrathall J.R. Behavioral endpoint measures for preclinical trials using experimental models of spinal cord injury. J. Neurotrauma 9 (1992) 165-167
62. Yoon D.H., Kim Y.S., and Young W. Therapeutic time window for methylprednisolone in spinal cord injured rat. Yonsei Med. J. 40 (1999) 313-320
63. Young W. Molecular and cellular mechanisms of spinal cord injury therapies. In: Kalb R.G., and Strittmatter S.M. (Eds). Neurobiology of Spinal Cord Injury (2000), Humana Press, Totowa, NJ 241-276