-
1
-
-
0345028613
-
-
Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice/National Bureau of Justice Statistics
-
Adams, K., Alpert, G., Dunham, R., Garner, J., Greenfield, L., Henriquez, M., et al. (1999). Use of force by police: overview of national and local data. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice/National Bureau of Justice Statistics.
-
(1999)
Use of Force by Police: Overview of National and Local Data
-
-
Adams, K.1
Alpert, G.2
Dunham, R.3
Garner, J.4
Greenfield, L.5
Henriquez, M.6
-
3
-
-
3242717089
-
Pepper spray: An unreasonable response to suspect verbal resistance
-
Adang, O., & Mensink, J. (2004). Pepper spray: an unreasonable response to suspect verbal resistance. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 27(2), 206-219.
-
(2004)
Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management
, vol.27
, Issue.2
, pp. 206-219
-
-
Adang, O.1
Mensink, J.2
-
4
-
-
33745463660
-
Assessing the performance of pepper spray in use-of-force encounters: The Dutch experience
-
Adang, O., Kaminski, R., Howell, M., & Mensink, J. (2006). Assessing the performance of pepper spray in use-of-force encounters: the Dutch experience. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 29(2), 282-305.
-
(2006)
Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management
, vol.29
, Issue.2
, pp. 282-305
-
-
Adang, O.1
Kaminski, R.2
Howell, M.3
Mensink, J.4
-
5
-
-
84872983474
-
-
Adang, O., Kop, N., Ferwerda, H., Heijnemans, J., Olde Nordkamp,W., et al. (2006). Omgaan met conflictsituaties: op zoek naar goede werkwijzen bij de Politie. Politie en Wetenschap nr 30. Uitgeverij Kerkebosch, Zeist
-
Adang, O., Kop, N., Ferwerda, H., Heijnemans, J., Olde Nordkamp,W., et al. (2006). Omgaan met conflictsituaties: op zoek naar goede werkwijzen bij de Politie. Politie en Wetenschap nr 30. Uitgeverij Kerkebosch, Zeist.
-
-
-
-
8
-
-
84937304811
-
How reasonable is the reasonable man? Police and excessive force
-
Alpert, G., & Smith, W. (1994). How reasonable is the reasonable man? Police and excessive force. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, 85, 481-501.
-
(1994)
Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology
, vol.85
, pp. 481-501
-
-
Alpert, G.1
Smith, W.2
-
11
-
-
84937281039
-
Avoiding complaints: Venezuelan police officers' situational criteria for the use of force against citizens
-
Birkbeck, C., & Gabaldón, L. (1996). Avoiding complaints: Venezuelan police officers' situational criteria for the use of force against citizens. Policing and Society, 6, 113-129.
-
(1996)
Policing and Society
, vol.6
, pp. 113-129
-
-
Birkbeck, C.1
Gabaldón, L.2
-
12
-
-
84975690034
-
The effect of citizen's status and behaviour on Venezuelan police officers' decisions to use force
-
Birkbeck, C., & Gabaldón, L. (1998). The effect of citizen's status and behaviour on Venezuelan police officers' decisions to use force. Policing and Society, 8(4), 315-338.
-
(1998)
Policing and Society
, vol.8
, Issue.4
, pp. 315-338
-
-
Birkbeck, C.1
Gabaldón, L.2
-
13
-
-
0003220838
-
Florence Nightingale in pursuit of Willie Sutton: A theory of the police
-
H. Jacob (Ed.), Beverly Hills: Sage
-
Bittner, E. (1974). Florence Nightingale in pursuit of Willie Sutton: a theory of the police. In H. Jacob (Ed.), The potential for reform of criminal justice. Beverly Hills: Sage.
-
(1974)
The Potential for Reform of Criminal Justice
-
-
Bittner, E.1
-
16
-
-
84992898771
-
El apoyo ciudadano a la action extrajudicial de la policía en Brasil, El Salvador y Venezuela
-
Briceño León, R., Carneiro, L., & Cruz, J. (1997). El apoyo ciudadano a la action extrajudicial de la policía en Brasil, El Salvador y Venezuela. Realidad, 60, 603-614.
-
(1997)
Realidad
, vol.60
, pp. 603-614
-
-
Briceño León, R.1
Carneiro, L.2
Cruz, J.3
-
18
-
-
84873017863
-
-
Brusten, M. (ed.) (1975). Die Pollizei-eine Institution öffentlicher Gewalt: Analysen, Kritik, empirische Daten. Neuwied: Luchterhand
-
Brusten, M. (ed.) (1975). Die Pollizei-eine Institution öffentlicher Gewalt: Analysen, Kritik, empirische Daten. Neuwied: Luchterhand.
-
-
-
-
19
-
-
84872997343
-
-
Burkeman, O. (2006). Chicago police 'tortured black suspects'. The Guardian, 21st July, 2007, p. 19
-
Burkeman, O. (2006). Chicago police 'tortured black suspects'. The Guardian, 21st July, 2007, p. 19.
-
-
-
-
20
-
-
70349685029
-
Policía paramilitares y escuadrones de la muerte en América Latina
-
K. Bodemer, S. Kurtenbach, and K. Meschkat (Eds.), Caracas: Nueva Sociedad
-
Cano, I. (2001). Policía paramilitares y escuadrones de la muerte en América Latina. In K. Bodemer, S. Kurtenbach, & K. Meschkat (Eds.), Violencia y regulación de conflictos en América Latina (pp. 219-235). Caracas: Nueva Sociedad.
-
(2001)
Violencia y regulación de conflictos en América Latina
, pp. 219-235
-
-
Cano, I.1
-
24
-
-
84872988239
-
-
Coady, T., James, S., Miller, S., & O'Keefe, M. (eds.) (2000). Violence and Police Culture. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press
-
Coady, T., James, S., Miller, S., & O'Keefe, M. (eds.) (2000). Violence and Police Culture. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.
-
-
-
-
25
-
-
70349675828
-
Violencia policial en las calles de Caracas
-
R. Del Olmo (Ed.), Caracas: Universidad Central de Venezuela
-
Del Olmo, R. (1990). Violencia policial en las calles de Caracas. In R. Del Olmo (Ed.), Segunda ruptura criminològica (pp. 217-239). Caracas: Universidad Central de Venezuela.
-
(1990)
Segunda ruptura criminològica
, pp. 217-239
-
-
Del Olmo, R.1
-
26
-
-
84936162502
-
The myth of sexual symmetry in marital violence
-
Dobash, R. E., Dobash, R. D., Daly, M., & Wilson, M. (1992). The myth of sexual symmetry in marital violence. Social Problems, 39(1), 71-91.
-
(1992)
Social Problems
, vol.39
, Issue.1
, pp. 71-91
-
-
Dobash, R.E.1
Dobash, R.D.2
Daly, M.3
Wilson, M.4
-
28
-
-
84873009079
-
-
Falk, E. (2000). Widerstand gegen Vollstreckungsbeamte: Ein praxisbesogenes Forschungsprojekt [Texte der Fachhochschule Villingen-Schwenningen, Hochschule für Polizei, Band 25. Villingen-Schwenningen: Fachhochschule Villingen-Schwenningen, Hochschule für Polizei
-
Falk, E. (2000). Widerstand gegen Vollstreckungsbeamte: Ein praxisbesogenes Forschungsprojekt [Texte der Fachhochschule Villingen-Schwenningen, Hochschule für Polizei, Band 25. Villingen-Schwenningen: Fachhochschule Villingen-Schwenningen, Hochschule für Polizei.
-
-
-
-
29
-
-
84872983044
-
-
Fernando, B., & Puvimanasinghe, S. (eds.) (2005). An X-ray of the Sri Lankan policing system & torture of the poor. Kowloon: Asian Human Rights Commission
-
Fernando, B., & Puvimanasinghe, S. (eds.) (2005). An X-ray of the Sri Lankan policing system & torture of the poor. Kowloon: Asian Human Rights Commission.
-
-
-
-
31
-
-
10644262751
-
Police violence and uncertainty in Latin America: Linking the macro and micro levels of analysis
-
Gabaldón, L. (1993). Police violence and uncertainty in Latin America: linking the macro and micro levels of analysis. International Criminal Justice Review, 3, 44-59.
-
(1993)
International Criminal Justice Review
, vol.3
, pp. 44-59
-
-
Gabaldón, L.1
-
32
-
-
84873007126
-
-
Gabaldón, L. & Birkbeck, C. (eds.) (2003). Policía y fuerza física en perspective intercultural. Caracas: Nueva Sociedad
-
Gabaldón, L. & Birkbeck, C. (eds.) (2003). Policía y fuerza física en perspective intercultural. Caracas: Nueva Sociedad.
-
-
-
-
33
-
-
0346355454
-
Characteristics associated with the prevalence and severity of force used by the police
-
Garner, J., Maxwell, C., & Heraux, C. (2002). Characteristics associated with the prevalence and severity of force used by the police. Justice Quarterly, 19(4), 705-746.
-
(2002)
Justice Quarterly
, vol.19
, Issue.4
, pp. 705-746
-
-
Garner, J.1
Maxwell, C.2
Heraux, C.3
-
35
-
-
84872996986
-
-
Geller, W., & Toch, H. (eds.) (1996). Police Violence. New Haven: Yale University Press
-
Geller, W., & Toch, H. (eds.) (1996). Police Violence. New Haven: Yale University Press.
-
-
-
-
36
-
-
84872988784
-
-
Herrnkind, M., & Scheerer, S. (eds.) (2003). Die Polizei als Organisation mit Gewaltlizenz. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Kontrolle. Münster: Hamburger Studien zur Kriminologie und Kriminalpolitik, Band 31
-
Herrnkind, M., & Scheerer, S. (eds.) (2003). Die Polizei als Organisation mit Gewaltlizenz. Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Kontrolle. Münster: Hamburger Studien zur Kriminologie und Kriminalpolitik, Band 31.
-
-
-
-
38
-
-
14544285434
-
Use of force by female police officers
-
Hoffman, P., & Hickey, E. (2005). Use of force by female police officers. Journal of Criminal Justice, 33(2), 145-151.
-
(2005)
Journal of Criminal Justice
, vol.33
, Issue.2
, pp. 145-151
-
-
Hoffman, P.1
Hickey, E.2
-
40
-
-
84937291710
-
Scapegoating outsiders: The murders of street youth in modern Brazil
-
Huggins, M., & Mesquita, M. (1995). Scapegoating outsiders: the murders of street youth in modern Brazil. Policing and Society, 5(4), 265-280.
-
(1995)
Policing and Society
, vol.5
, Issue.4
, pp. 265-280
-
-
Huggins, M.1
Mesquita, M.2
-
46
-
-
79959733092
-
-
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
-
Kleinig, J. (1996). The ethics of policing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
-
(1996)
The Ethics of Policing
-
-
Kleinig, J.1
-
47
-
-
0008585821
-
A theory of excessive force and its control
-
W. Geller and H. Toch (Eds.), Washington, D.C.: Police Executive Research Forum
-
Klockars, C. (1995). A theory of excessive force and its control. In W. Geller, & H. Toch (Eds.), And justice for all: understanding and controlling police abuse of force (pp. 11-29). Washington, D.C.: Police Executive Research Forum.
-
(1995)
And Justice for All: Understanding and Controlling Police Abuse of Force
, pp. 11-29
-
-
Klockars, C.1
-
53
-
-
0346541504
-
Policing the social: Questions of symbolic power
-
Loader, I. (1997). Policing the social: questions of symbolic power. British Journal of Sociology, 48(1), 1-18.
-
(1997)
British Journal of Sociology
, vol.48
, Issue.1
, pp. 1-18
-
-
Loader, I.1
-
54
-
-
0037366781
-
Police use of force: Examining the relationship between calls for service and the balance of police force and suspect resistance
-
MacDonald, J., Manz, P., Alpert, G., & Dunham, R. (2003). Police use of force: examining the relationship between calls for service and the balance of police force and suspect resistance. Journal of Criminal Justice, 31(2), 119-127.
-
(2003)
Journal of Criminal Justice
, vol.31
, Issue.2
, pp. 119-127
-
-
MacDonald, J.1
Manz, P.2
Alpert, G.3
Dunham, R.4
-
57
-
-
2342421661
-
Police officer characteristics and internal affairs investigations for use of force allegations
-
McElvain, J., & Kposowa, A. (2004). Police officer characteristics and internal affairs investigations for use of force allegations. Journal of Criminal Justice, 32(3), 265-279.
-
(2004)
Journal of Criminal Justice
, vol.32
, Issue.3
, pp. 265-279
-
-
McElvain, J.1
Kposowa, A.2
-
58
-
-
70349665140
-
Control social y castigo: Percepción en funcionarios policiales venezolanos
-
Monsalve, Y. (2005). Control social y castigo: percepción en funcionarios policiales venezolanos. Capítulo Criminològico, 33(1), 7-30.
-
(2005)
Capítulo Criminològico
, vol.33
, Issue.1
, pp. 7-30
-
-
Monsalve, Y.1
-
59
-
-
85068273334
-
Tools of the trade: The symbolic power of private security an exploratory study
-
Mopas, M., & Stenning, P. (2001). Tools of the trade: the symbolic power of private security an exploratory study. Policing and Society, 11(1), 67-97.
-
(2001)
Policing and Society
, vol.11
, Issue.1
, pp. 67-97
-
-
Mopas, M.1
Stenning, P.2
-
60
-
-
84872982706
-
-
Naeyé, J. (2005). Niet zonder slag of stoot. De geweldsbevioegdheid en doorzettingskracht van de Nederlandse politie. Uitgeverij Kerckebosch, Zeist
-
Naeyé, J. (2005). Niet zonder slag of stoot. De geweldsbevioegdheid en doorzettingskracht van de Nederlandse politie. Uitgeverij Kerckebosch, Zeist.
-
-
-
-
62
-
-
33845712557
-
Social geometry and force: A partial test of Black's theory of law with Mexican, U.S. and Venezuelan police
-
Norris, M., Birkbeck, C., & Gabaldón, L. G. (2006). Social geometry and force: a partial test of Black's theory of law with Mexican, U.S. and Venezuelan police. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 22(4), 324-326.
-
(2006)
Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice
, vol.22
, Issue.4
, pp. 324-326
-
-
Norris, M.1
Birkbeck, C.2
Gabaldón, L.G.3
-
64
-
-
84873013518
-
-
Queensland (Australia), Criminal Justice Commission. (2000). Reported use of force by Queensland police. Research Paper Series 6(2). Brisbane: Queensland Criminal Justice Commision
-
Queensland (Australia), Criminal Justice Commission. (2000). Reported use of force by Queensland police. Research Paper Series 6(2). Brisbane: Queensland Criminal Justice Commision.
-
-
-
-
66
-
-
0007430347
-
Police brutality-answers to key questions
-
Reiss, A. (1968). Police brutality-answers to key questions. Transaction, 5(8), 10-19.
-
(1968)
Transaction
, vol.5
, Issue.8
, pp. 10-19
-
-
Reiss, A.1
-
69
-
-
70349687332
-
Validation Of A Model For Use-Of-Force Decision-Making Using Live Scenarios
-
Rossiter, L., & MacLennan, R. (2003). Validation of a model for use-of-force decision-making using live scenarios. Canadian Journal of Poli8ce & Security Services, 1(1), 41-52.
-
(2003)
Canadian Journal of Poli8ce & Security Services
, vol.1
, Issue.1
, pp. 41-52
-
-
Rossiter, L.1
MacLennan, R.2
-
71
-
-
22944469706
-
The masking of racial and ethnic disparity in police use of physical force: The effects of gender and custody status
-
Schuck, A. (2004). The masking of racial and ethnic disparity in police use of physical force: the effects of gender and custody status. Journal of Criminal Justice, 32, 557-564.
-
(2004)
Journal of Criminal Justice
, vol.32
, pp. 557-564
-
-
Schuck, A.1
-
72
-
-
0346877175
-
-
Wiesbaden: Bundeskriminalamt
-
Sessar, K., Baumann, U., & Müller, J. (1980). Polizeibeamte als Opfer vorsätzlicher Tötung [BKA-Forschungsreihe, Band 12]. Wiesbaden: Bundeskriminalamt.
-
(1980)
Polizeibeamte als Opfer vorsätzlicher Tötung [BKA-Forschungsreihe, Band 12]
-
-
Sessar, K.1
Baumann, U.2
Müller, J.3
-
73
-
-
70349656713
-
Visual Rape: A Look At The Dubious Legality Of Strip Searches
-
Shuldiner, P. (1979). Visual rape: a look at the dubious legality of strip searches. J. Marshall Law Review, 13, 273.
-
(1979)
J. Marshall Law Review
, vol.13
, pp. 273
-
-
Shuldiner, P.1
-
74
-
-
1642587223
-
Community accountability, minority threat, and police brutality: An examination of civil rights criminal complaints
-
Smith, B., & Holmes, M. (2003). Community accountability, minority threat, and police brutality: an examination of civil rights criminal complaints. Criminology, 41(4), 1035-1063.
-
(2003)
Criminology
, vol.41
, Issue.4
, pp. 1035-1063
-
-
Smith, B.1
Holmes, M.2
-
76
-
-
0003651133
-
-
Thousand Oaks: Sage, 2nd ed. [Applied Social Research Methods Series, Vol. 20]
-
Stewart, D., Shamdasani, P., & Rook, D. (2007). Focus groups: theory and practice, 2nd ed. [Applied Social Research Methods Series, Vol. 20]. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
-
(2007)
Focus Groups: Theory and Practice
-
-
Stewart, D.1
Shamdasani, P.2
Rook, D.3
-
77
-
-
0001416289
-
How violent are American families? Estimates from the National Family Violence Survey and other studies
-
M. Straus and R. Gelles (Eds.), New Brunswick: Transaction
-
Straus, M., & Gelles, R. (1990). How violent are American families? Estimates from the National Family Violence Survey and other studies. In M. Straus, & R. Gelles (Eds.), Physical violence in American families. New Brunswick: Transaction.
-
(1990)
Physical Violence in American Families
-
-
Straus, M.1
Gelles, R.2
-
78
-
-
84993830036
-
Police use of force and suspect resistance: The micro-process of the police-suspect encounter
-
Terrill, W. (2003). Police use of force and suspect resistance: the micro-process of the police-suspect encounter. Police Quarterly, 6, 51-83.
-
(2003)
Police Quarterly
, vol.6
, pp. 51-83
-
-
Terrill, W.1
-
79
-
-
1642602953
-
Police culture and coercion
-
Terrill, W., Paoline III, E., & Manning, P. (2003). Police culture and coercion. Criminology, 41(4), 1003-1034.
-
(2003)
Criminology
, vol.41
, Issue.4
, pp. 1003-1034
-
-
Terrill, W.1
Paoline III, E.2
Manning, P.3
-
84
-
-
84873011489
-
-
United Nations General Assembly. (1979a). Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials-endorsed by General Assembly Resolution 45/166 of 18th December, 1979-accessible at:, ("D. The judiciary and Law Enforcement"
-
United Nations General Assembly. (1979a). Basic Principles on the Use of Force and Firearms by Law Enforcement Officials-endorsed by General Assembly Resolution 45/166 of 18th December, 1979-accessible at: http://www.uncjin.org/Standards/Conduct/compendium.pdf ("D. The judiciary and Law Enforcement".
-
-
-
-
85
-
-
84872993892
-
-
United Nations General Assembly. (1979b). Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials-adopted by General Assembly Resolution 34/169 of 17th December, 1979 accessible at:, ("D. The judiciary and Law Enforcement"
-
United Nations General Assembly. (1979b). Code of Conduct for Law Enforcement Officials-adopted by General Assembly Resolution 34/169 of 17th December, 1979 accessible at: http://www.uncjin.org/Standards/Conduct/compendium.pdf ("D. The judiciary and Law Enforcement".
-
-
-
-
86
-
-
70349696461
-
-
Urban Alliance on Race Relations/Queen Street Patients Council, Toronto: Urban Alliance on Race Relations
-
Urban Alliance on Race Relations/Queen Street Patients Council. (2000). Saving lives: alternatives to the use of lethal force by police. Toronto: Urban Alliance on Race Relations.
-
(2000)
Saving Lives: Alternatives to the Use of Lethal Force by Police
-
-
-
88
-
-
0010293710
-
-
Washington, DC: Police Foundation
-
Weisburd, D., Greenspan, R., Hamilton, E., Bryant, K., & Williams, H. (2001). Abuse of police authority. Washington, DC: Police Foundation.
-
(2001)
Abuse of Police Authority
-
-
Weisburd, D.1
Greenspan, R.2
Hamilton, E.3
Bryant, K.4
Williams, H.5
|