Tools of the trade: The symbolic power of private security ‐ An exploratory study

Policing and Society

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 67-97

  Mopasa, Michael S ^a   Stenning, Philip C ^b  

^a SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^b Centre of Criminology   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85068273334     PISSN: 10439463     EISSN: 14772728     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10439463.2001.9964856     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Angus Reid Group, Inc. 1992. The Chapman Report ‐ Law Enforcement and Private Security: A Public Perspective, Ottawa: Angus Reid Group, Inc.
2. Bayley, David H., and Shearing, Clifford D., 1996. The Future of Policing. Law and Society Review, 30(3): 585–605.
3. Bickman, Leonard. 1974. The Social Power of a Uniform. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 4(1): 47–61.
4. Black, Donald. 1993. The Social Structure of Right and Wrong, San Diego: Academic Press.
5. Bourdieu, P., 1991. Language and Symbolic Power, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
6. Bushman, Brad J., 1984. Perceived Symbols of Authority and Their Influence on Compliance. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 14(6): 501–508.
7. Cunningham, William C, Strauchs, John J., and Van Meter, Clifford W., 1990. Private Security Trends 1970 to 2000: The Hallcrest Report II, Toronto: Butterworth‐Heinemann.
8. Ellis, Michael. 1987. The Shopping Centre as a Public Place: The Public Use of Private Property, Montreal: School of Urban Planning, McGill University.
9. Freedman, David J., and Stenning, Philip C., 1977. Private Security, Police and the Law in Canada, Toronto: University of Toronto.
10. Friedland, M. L., ed. 1990. Securing Compliance: Seven Case Studies, Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
11. Genova, Louie R., and Genova, Vincent. 1983. The Future of Policing: Private Security in Canada. Canadian Criminology Forum, 5(2): 122–137.
12. Lipsett, F. R., 1976. Literature on Psychological Effects of Dress. Canadian Police Chief, 65(7): 47–49. 52–54.
13. Loader, Ian. 1997. Policing the social: questions of symbolic power. British Journal of Sociology, 48(1): 1–18.
14. Mastrofski, Stephen D., Snipes, Jeffrey B., and Supina, Anne E., 1996. Compliance on Demand: The Public's Response to Specific Police Requests. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 33(3): 269–305.
15. Mauro, Robert. 1984. The Constable's New Clothes: Effects of Uniforms on Perceptions and Problems of Police Officers. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 14(1): 42–56.
16. Ontario. 1987. Task Force on the Law concerning Trespass to Publicly‐Used Property as it Affects Youth and Minorities, Toronto: Ministry of Attorney General of Ontario. (Raj Anand, Chairman). Report
17. Ontario (1990) Trespass to Property Act R.S.O. c. T.21.
18. Reiss, Albert J., 1984. Consequences of Compliance and Deterrence Models of Law Enforcement for the Exercise of Police Discretion. Law and Contemporary Problems, 47: 83–122.
19. Reiss, Albert J., 1987. “ ‘The Legitimacy of Intrusion into Private Space’ ”. In Private Policing, Edited by: Shearing, Clifford D., and Stenning, Philip C., 19–44. London: Sage Publications.
20. Rigakos, George S., and Greener, David R., 2000. Bubbles of Governance: Private Policing and the Law in Canada. Canadian Journal of Law and Society, 15(1): 145–185.
21. Shearing, Clifford D., and Stenning, Philip C., 1983a. “ ‘Powers of Private Security Personnel’ ”. In Policing and Private Security, Edited by: Rees, A., 22–32. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology.
22. Shearing, Clifford D., and Stenning, Philip C, eds. 1987. Private Policing, London: Sage Publications.
23. Shearing, Clifford D., and Stenning, Philip C., 1982. Private Security and Private Justice: The Challenge of the 80s, Montreal: The Institute for Research on Public Policy.
24. Shearing, Clifford D., and Stenning, Philip C. 1983b. Private Security: Implications for Social Control. Social Problems, 30(6): 493–506.
25. Shearing, Clifford D., Stenning, Philip C., and Addario, Susan. 1985. Public Perceptions of Private Security. Canadian Police College Journal, 9(2): 225–253.
26. Shearing, Clifford D., and Stenning, Philip C. 1987. “ ‘Say “Cheese”: The Disney Order That is Not so Mickey Mouse’ ”. In Private Policing, Edited by: Shearing, Clifford D., and Stenning, Philip C., 317–323. London: Sage Publications.
27. Stansfield, Ronald T., 1996. Issues in Policing: A Canadian Perspective, Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc.
28. Stenning, Philip C, and Shearing, Clifford D., 1979. Search and Seizure. Powers of Private Security Personnel A study prepared for the Law Reform Commission of Canada, Ottawa: Minister of Supply and Services Canada.
29. Stenning, Philip C., ‘Private Police and Public Police: Toward a Redefinition of the Police Role’. Future Issues in Policing: Symposium Proceedings. Ottawa. Edited by: Loree, Donald J., pp. 169–192. Minister of Supply and Services Canada.
30. Stenning, Philip. 1994. “ ‘Private Policing‐Some Recent Myths, Developments and Trends’ ”. In Private Sector and Community Involvement in the Criminal Justice System, Edited by: Biles, David, and Vemon, Julia. 145–153. Canberra: Australian Institute of Criminology.
31. Spitzer, Steven, and Scull, Andrew T., 1977. Privatization and Capitalist Development: The Case of Private Police. Social Problems, 25: 18–29.
32. Sykes, R., and Clark, J., 1975. A Theory of Deference Exchange in Police‐Civilian Encounters. American Journal of Sociology, 81(3): 584–600.
33. Tedeschi, James T., and Felson, Richard B., 1994. Violence, Aggression, and Coercive Actions, Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
34. Tyler, Tom R., 1990. Why People Obey the Law, London: Yale University Press.
35. Walsh, W., and Donovan, E., 1989. Private Security and Community Policing: Evaluation and Comment. Journal of Criminal Justice, 17(3): 187–197.