Assessment of sympathetic cardiovascular drive in human hypertension: Achievements and perspectives

Hypertension

Volumn 54, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 690-697

  Grassi, Guido ^a  

^a SAN GERARDO HOSPITAL   (Italy)

Author keywords

24 hour ambulatory blood pressure; Cardiometabolic risk; Hypertension; Sympathetic nervous system; Target organ damage

Indexed keywords

ALPHA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; N(G),N(G) DIMETHYLARGININE; NORADRENALIN;

ADRENERGIC SYSTEM; ADRENERGIC TRANSMISSION; AMINO ACID BLOOD LEVEL; BLOOD PRESSURE VARIABILITY; BRAIN; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; DISEASE SEVERITY; HEART; HEART OUTPUT; HEART RATE; HEMODYNAMICS; HOMEOSTASIS; HUMAN; HYPERINSULINEMIA; HYPERTENSION; KIDNEY; MATERNAL HYPERTENSION; METABOLIC DISORDER; METABOLIC SYNDROME X; NERVE ENDING; NORADRENALIN BLOOD LEVEL; ORGAN INJURY; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; POSTGANGLIONIC NERVE; PRESSORECEPTOR REFLEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SHORT SURVEY; SLEEP; SYMPATHETIC FUNCTION; SYMPATHETIC NERVE; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; TARGET ORGAN; VAGUS NERVE STIMULATION; WHITE COAT HYPERTENSION;

BLOOD PRESSURE; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; METABOLIC DISEASES; RECEPTORS, ADRENERGIC; SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM;

EID: 70349656069     PISSN: 0194911X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.119883     Document Type: Short Survey

References (79)

1. Vallbo AB, Hagbarth KE, Torebjörk HE, Wallin BG. Somatosensory, proprioceptive, and sympathetic activity in human peripheral nerves. Physiol Rev. 1979;59:919-957
2. Esler MD, Hasking GJ, Willett IR, Leonard PW, Jennings GL, Esler MD, Jennings GL, Johns J, Burke F, Little PJ, Leonard P. Estimation of 'total' renal, cardiac and splanchnic sympathetic nervous tone in essential hypertension from measurements of noradrenaline release. J Hypertens. 1985; 3:117-129
3. Mark AL. The sympathetic nervous system in hypertension: a potential long-term regulator of arterial pressure. J Hypertens Suppl. 1996;14: S159-S165
4. Julius S, Krause L, Schork NJ, Mejia AD, Jones KA, van de Ven C, Johnson EH, Sekkarie MA, Kjeldsen SE, Petrin J. Hyperkinetic borderline hypertension in Tecumseh, Michigan. J Hypertens. 1991;9:77-84
5. Goldstein DS. Plasma catecholamines and essential hypertension. An analytical review. Hypertension. 1983;5:86-99
6. Esler M. Sympathetic activity in experimental and human hypertension. In: Zanchetti A, Mancia G, eds. Handbook of Hypertension, Vol 17, Pathophysiology of Hypertension. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1997:628-673
7. Grassi G, Esler M. How to assess sympathetic activity in humans. J Hypertens. 1999;17:719-734
8. Anderson EA, Sinkey CA, Lawton WJ, Mark AL. Elevated sympathetic nerve activity in borderline hypertensive humans: evidence from direct intraneural recordings. Hypertension. 1989;14:177-183
9. Grassi G, Cattaneo BM, Seravalle G, Lanfranchi A, Mancia G. Baroreflex control of sympathetic nerve activity in essential and secondary hypertension. Hypertension. 1998;31:68-72
10. Grassi G, Seravalle G, Bertinieri G, Turri C, Dell'Oro R, Stella ML, Mancia G. Sympathetic and reflex alterations in systo-diastolic and systolic hypertension of the elderly. J Hypertens. 2000;18:587-593
11. Schobel HP, Fischer T, Heuszer K, Geiger H, Schmieder RE. Preeclampsia - a state of sympathetic overactivity. N Engl J Med. 1996;335: 1480-1485
12. Grassi G, Seravalle G, Quarti Trevano F, Dell'Oro R, Bolla G, Cuspidi C, Arenare F, Mancia G. Neurogenic abnormalities in masked hypertension. Hypertension. 2007;50:537-542
13. Smith PA, Graham LN, Mackintosh AF, Stoker JB, Mary DA. Relationship between central sympathetic activity and stages of human hypertension. Am J Hypertens. 2004;17:217-222
14. Grassi G, Seravalle G, Quarti-Trevano F, Dell'Oro R, Bombelli M, Cuspidi C, Facchetti R, Bolla G, Mancia G. Adrenergic, metabolic, and reflex abnormalities in reverse and extreme dipper hypertensives. Hypertension. 2008;52:925-931
15. Fagard RH, Stolarz K, Kuznetsova T, Seidlerova J, Tikhonoff V, Grodzicki T, Nikitin Y, Filipovsky J, Peleska J, Casiglia E, Thijs L, Staessen JA, Kawecka-Jaszcz K. Sympathetic activity, assessed by power spectral analysis of heart rate variability, in white-coat, masked and sustained hypertension versus true normotension. J Hypertens. 2007;25: 2280-2285
16. Rea RF, Hamdan M. Baroreflex control of muscle sympathetic nerve activity in borderline hypertension. Circulation. 1990;82:856-862
17. Schobel HP, Heusser K, Schmieder RE, Veelken R, Fischer T, Luft FC. Evidence against elevated sympathetic vasoconstrictor activity in borderline hypertension. J Am Soc Nephrol. 1998;9:1581-1587
18. Johansson M, Elam M, Rundqvist B, Eisenhofer G, Herlitz H, Lambert G, Friberg P. Increased sympathetic nerve activity in renovascular hypertension. Circulation. 1999;99:2537-2542
19. Kuwahara T, Hamada M, Hiwada K. Direct evidence of impaired cardiac sympathetic innervation in essential hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. J Nucl Med. 1998;39:1486-1491
20. Sakata K, Shirotani M, Yoshida H, Kurata C. Cardiac sympathetic nervous system in early essential hypertension assessed by 123I-MIBG. J Nucl Med. 1999;40:6-11
21. Grassi G, Colombo M, Seravalle G, Spaziani D, Mancia G. Dissociation between muscle and skin sympathetic nerve activity in essential hypertension, obesity, and congestive heart failure. Hypertension. 1998;31: 64-67
22. Leimbach WN Jr, Wallin BG, Victor RG, Aylward PE, Sundlöf G, Mark AL. Direct evidence from intraneural recordings for increased central sympathetic outflow in patients with heart failure. Circulation. 1986;73: 913-919
23. Middlekauff HR, Hamilton MA, Stevenson LW, Mark AL. Independent control of skin and muscle sympathetic nerve activity in patients with heart failure. Circulation. 1994;90:1794-1798
24. Grassi G, Seravalle G, Cattaneo BM, Lanfranchi A, Vailati S, Giannattasio C, Del Bo A, Sala C, Bolla GB, Pozzi M. Sympathetic activation and loss of reflex sympathetic control in mild congestive heart failure. Circulation. 1995;92:3206-3211
25. Vaz M, Jennings G, Turner A, Cox H, Lambert G, Esler M. Regional sympathetic nervous activity and oxygen consumption in obese normotensive human subjects. Circulation. 1997;96:3423-3429
26. Ferrier C, Esler MD, Eisenhofer G, Wallin BG, Horne M, Cox HS, Lambert G, Jennings GL. Increased norepinephrine spillover into the jugular veins in essential hypertension. Hypertension. 1992;19:62-69
27. Michel MC, Brodde OE, Insel PA. Peripheral adrenergic receptors in hypertension. Hypertension. 1990;16:107-120
28. Mancia G, Luscher TF, Shepherd JT, Noll G, Grassi G. Cardiovascular regulation: Basic considerations. In: Willerson JT, Cohn JN, Wellens HJJ, Holmes DR Jr, eds. Cardiovascular Medicine. London: Springer Verlag; 2007:1525-1536
29. Mark AL. Regulation of sympathetic nerve activity in mild human hypertension. J Hypertens Suppl. 1990;8:S67-S75
30. Guo GB, Thames MD, Abboud FM. Differential baroreflex control of heart rate and vascular resistance in rabbits. Relative role of carotid, aortic, and cardiopulmonary baroreceptors. Circ Res. 1982;50:554-565
31. Grassi G, Giannattasio C, Cléroux J, Cuspidi C, Sampieri L, Bolla GB, Mancia G. Cardiopulmonary reflex before and after regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in essential hypertension. Hypertension. 1988;12: 227-237
32. Trzebski A. Arterial chemoreceptor reflex and hypertension. Hypertension. 1992;19:562-566
33. Somers VK, Mark AL, Abboud FM. Potentiation of sympathetic nerve responses to hypoxia in borderline hypertensive subjects. Hypertension. 1988;11:608-612
34. Narkiewicz K, Somers VK. The sympathetic nervous system and obstructive sleep apnea: implications for hypertension. J Hypertens. 1997;15:1613-1619
35. Hall JE. The kidney, hypertension, and obesity. Hypertension. 2003;41: 625-633
36. Carlyle M, Jones OB, Kuo JJ, Hall JE. Chronic cardiovascular and renal actions of leptin: role of adrenergic activity. Hypertension. 2002;39: 496-501
37. Grassi G, Dell'Oro R, Seravalle G, Foglia G, Trevano FQ, Mancia G. Short- and long-term neuroadrenergic effects of moderate dietary sodium restriction in essential hypertension. Circulation. 2002;106:1957-1961
38. van de Borne P, Mark AL, Montano N, Mion D, Somers VK. Effects of alcohol on sympathetic activity, hemodynamics, and chemoreflex sensitivity. Hypertension. 1997;29:1278-1283
39. Landsberg L. Insulin-mediated sympathetic stimulation: role in the pathogenesis of obesity-related hypertension (or, how insulin affects blood pressure, and why). J Hypertens. 2001;19:523-528
40. Brands MW, Hildebrandt DA, Mizelle HL, Hall JE. Sustained hyperinsulinemia increases arterial pressure in conscious rats. Am J Physiol. 1991;260:R764-R768
41. Berne C, Fagius J, Pollare T, Hjemdahl P. The sympathetic response to euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemia. Evidence from microelectrode nerve recordings in healthy subjects. Diabetologia. 1992;35:873-879
42. Anderson EA, Balon TW, Hoffman RP, Sinkey CA, Mark AL. Insulin increases sympathetic activity but not blood pressure in borderline hypertensive humans. Hypertension. 1992;19:621-627
43. Lembo G, Napoli R, Capaldo B, Rendina V, Iaccarino G, Volpe M, Trimarco B, Saccà L. Abnormal sympathetic overactivity evoked by insulin in the skeletal muscle of patients with essential hypertension. J Clin Invest. 1992;90:24-29
44. Julius S, Jamerson K. Sympathetics, insulin resistance and coronary risk in hypertension: the 'chicken-and-egg' question. J Hypertens. 1994;12: 495-502
45. Masuo K, Mikami H, Ogihara T, Tuck ML. Sympathetic nerve hyperactivity precedes hyperinsulinemia and blood pressure elevation in a young, nonobese Japanese population. Am J Hypertens. 1997;10:77-83
46. Haynes WG, Sivitz WI, Morgan DA, Walsh SA, Mark AL. Sympathetic and cardiorenal actions of leptin. Hypertension. 1997;30:619-623
47. Narkiewicz K, Kato M, Phillips BG, Pesek CA, Choe I, Winnicki M, Palatini P, Sivitz WI, Somers VK. Leptin interacts with heart rate but not sympathetic nerve traffic in healthy male subjects. J Hypertens. 2001;19: 1089-1094
48. Mancia G, Grassi G, Giannattasio C, Seravalle G. Sympathetic activation in the pathogenesis of hypertension and progression of organ damage. Hypertension. 1999;34:724-728
49. Bevan RD. Trophic effects of peripheral adrenergic nerves on vascular structure. Hypertension. 1984;6:III19 -III26
50. Long CS, Ordahl CP, Simpson PC. Alpha 1-adrenergic receptor stimulation of sarcomeric actin isogene transcription in hypertrophy of cultured rat heart muscle cells. J Clin Invest. 1989;83:1078-1082
51. Greenwood JP, Scott EM, Stoker JB, Mary DA. Hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy: relation to peripheral sympathetic drive. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;38:1711-1717
52. Schlaich MP, Kaye DM, Lambert E, Sommerville M, Socratous F, Esler MD. Relation between cardiac sympathetic activity and hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy. Circulation. 2003;108:560-565
53. Burns J, Sivananthan MU, Ball SG, Mackintosh AF, Mary DA, Greenwood JP. Relationship between central sympathetic drive and magnetic resonance imaging-determined left ventricular mass in essential hypertension. Circulation. 2007;115:1999-2005
54. Strand AH, Gudmundsdottir H, Os I, Smith G, Westheim AS, Bjørnerheim R, Kjeldsen SE. Arterial plasma noradrenaline predicts left ventricular mass independently of blood pressure and body build in men who develop hypertension over 20 years. J Hypertens. 2006;24:905-913
55. Grassi G, Seravalle G, Quarti-Trevano F, Dell'Oro R, Arenare F, Spaziani D, Mancia G. Sympathetic and baroreflex cardiovascular control in hypertension-related left ventricular dysfunction. Hypertension. 2009;53: 205-209
56. DiBona GF, Kopp UC. Neural control of renal function. Physiol Rev. 1997;77:75-197
57. Converse RL Jr, Jacobsen TN, Toto RD, Jost CM, Cosentino F, Fouad- Tarazi F, Victor RG. Sympathetic overactivity in patients with chronic renal failure. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:1912-1918
58. Zoccali C. Traditional and emerging cardiovascular and renal risk factors: an epidemiologic perspective. Kidney Int. 2006;70:26-33
59. Zoccali C, Mallamaci F, Parlongo S, Cutrupi S, Benedetto FA, Tripepi G, Bonanno G, Rapisarda F, Fatuzzo P, Seminara G, Cataliotti A, Stancanelli B, Malatino LS. Plasma norepinephrine predicts survival and incident cardiovascular events in patients with end-stage renal disease. Circulation. 2002;105:1354-1359 (Pubitemid 34260428)
60. Quarti-Trevano F, Arenare F, Facchini A, Seravalle G, Furiani S, Buccianti G, Grassi G, Mancia G. Abnormalities in sympathetic cardiovascular drive in mild renal failure. J Hypertens. 2006;24:S105. Abstract
61. Mancia G, Grassi G. Mechanisms and clinical implications of blood pressure variability. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2000;35:S15-S19
62. Narkiewicz K, Winnicki M, Schroeder K, Phillips BG, Kato M, Cwalina E, Somers VK. Relationship between muscle sympathetic nerve activity and diurnal blood pressure profile. Hypertension. 2002;39:168-172
63. Somers VK, Dyken ME, Mark AL, Abboud FM. Sympathetic-nerve activity during sleep in normal subjects. N Engl J Med. 1993;328: 303-307
64. Dell'Oro R, Quarti-Trevano F, Facchetti R, Seravalle G, Bombelli M, Polo Fritz H, Sega R, Grassi G, Mancia G. Overall, cyclic and non-cyclic 24-hour blood pressure variability and sympathetic nerve traffic in the elderly. J Hypertens. 2003;21:S213. Abstract
65. Grassi G, Seravalle G, Dell'Oro R, Turri C, Bolla GB, Mancia G. Adrenergic and reflex abnormalities in obesity-related hypertension. Hypertension. 2000;36:538-542
66. Huggett RJ, Scott EM, Gilbey SG, Stoker JB, Mackintosh AF, Mary DA. Impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus on sympathetic neural mechanisms in hypertension. Circulation. 2003;108:3097-3101
67. Grassi G, Dell'Oro R, Quarti-Trevano F, Scopelliti F, Seravalle G, Paleari F, Gamba PL, Mancia G. Neuroadrenergic and reflex abnormalities in patients with metabolic syndrome. Diabetologia. 2005;48:1359-1365
68. Grassi G, Seravalle G, Quarti-Trevano F, Scopelliti F, Dell'Oro R, Bolla G, Mancia G. Excessive sympathetic activation in heart failure with obesity and metabolic syndrome: characteristics and mechanisms. Hypertension. 2007;49:535-541 (Pubitemid 46263238)
69. Qvisth V, Hagström-Toft E, Enoksson S, Bolinder J. Catecholamine regulation of local lactate production in vivo in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue: role of adrenoreceptor subtypes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008;93:240-246
70. Lambert E, Dawood T, Schlaich M, Straznicky N, Esler M, Lambert G. Single-unit sympathetic discharge pattern in pathological conditions associated with elevated cardiovascular risk. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2008;35:503-507
71. Kario K, Pickering TG, Umeda Y, Hoshide S, Hoshide Y, Morinari M, Murata M, Kuroda T, Schwartz JE, Shimada K. Morning surge in blood pressure as a predictor of silent and clinical cerebrovascular disease in elderly hypertensives: a prospective study. Circulation. 2003;107: 1401-1406
72. Wallin BG, Kunimoto MM, Sellgren J. Possible genetic influence on the strength of human muscle sympathetic activity at rest. Hypertension. 1993;22:282-284
73. Greenfield JR, Miller JW, Keogh JM, Henning E, Satterwhite JH, Cameron GS, Astruc B, Mayer JP, Brage SS, Choon See T, Lomas DJ, O'Rahilly S, Farooqi IS. Modulation of blood pressure by central melonocortinergic pathways. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:44-52
74. Grassi G, Padmanabhan S, Seravalle G, Bombelli M, Dell'Oro R, Quarti- Trevano F, Delles C, Lee WK, Dominiczak A, Mancia G. Association between alpha-1A-Adrenoreceptor gene polymorphism and sympathetic activation in patients with the metabolic syndrome. J Hypertens. 2009; 27:S164. Abstract
75. Williams B, Lacy PS, Thom SM, Cruickshank K, Stanton A, Collier D, Hughes AD, Thurston H, O'Rourke M. Differential impact of blood pressure-lowering drugs on central aortic pressure and clinical outcomes: principal results of the Conduit Artery Function Evaluation (CAFE) study. Circulation. 2006;113:1213-1225
76. Grassi G. Counteracting the sympathetic nervous system in essential hypertension. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2004;13:513-519 (Pubitemid 39150077)
77. Krum H, Schlaich M, Whitbourn R, Sobotka PA, Sadowski J, Bartus K, Kapelak B, Walton A, Sievert H, Thambar S, Abraham WT, Esler M. Catheter-based renal sympathetic denervation for resistant hypertension: a multicentre safety and proof-of-principle cohort study. Lancet. 2009; 373:1275-1281
78. Esler M, Schlaich M, Sobotka P, Whitbourn R, Sadowski J, Bartus K, Kapelak B, Walton A, Sievert H, Thambar S, Abraha W, Krum H. Catheter-based renal denervation reduces total body and renal noradrenaline spillover and blood pressure in resistant hypertension. J Hypertens. 2009;27:S167. Abstract
79. Wustmann K, Kucera JP, Scheffers I, Mohaupt M, Kroon AA, de Leeuw PW, Schmidli J, Allemann Y, Delacrétaz E. Effects of chronic baroreceptor stimulation on the autonomic cardiovascular regulation in patients with drug-resistant arterial Hypertension. Hypertension. 2009;54:530-536