메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 18, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 299-309

Not-so-trivial pursuit: Mechanical ventilation risk reduction

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION; HUMAN; MEDICAL RESEARCH; METHODOLOGY; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; RISK MANAGEMENT; VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA;

EID: 70349562273     PISSN: 10623264     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4037/ajcc2009724     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (17)

References (97)
  • 2
    • 33646454630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of endotracheal tube suctioning on arterial oxygen tension and heart rate variability
    • Bourgault AM, Brown CA, Hains SM, Parlow JL. Effects of endotracheal tube suctioning on arterial oxygen tension and heart rate variability. Biol Res Nurs. 2006;7:268-278.
    • (2006) Biol Res Nurs , vol.7 , pp. 268-278
    • Bourgault, A.M.1    Brown, C.A.2    Hains, S.M.3    Parlow, J.L.4
  • 3
    • 38149105625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An observational study on the opensystem endotracheal suctioning practices of critical care nurses
    • Kelleher S, Andrews T. An observational study on the opensystem endotracheal suctioning practices of critical care nurses. J Clin Nurs. 2008;17:360-369.
    • (2008) J Clin Nurs , vol.17 , pp. 360-369
    • Kelleher, S.1    Andrews, T.2
  • 4
    • 0024206890 scopus 로고
    • Arterial blood gas changes with a hyperinflation and hyperoxygenation suctioning intervention in critically ill patients
    • Chulay M. Arterial blood gas changes with a hyperinflation and hyperoxygenation suctioning intervention in critically ill patients. Heart Lung. 1988;17:654-661.
    • (1988) Heart Lung , vol.17 , pp. 654-661
    • Chulay, M.1
  • 5
    • 0023305064 scopus 로고
    • Hyperinflation/hyperoxygenation to prevent endotracheal suctioning complications
    • Chulay M. Hyperinflation/hyperoxygenation to prevent endotracheal suctioning complications. Crit Care Nurs. 1987;7:100-102.
    • (1987) Crit Care Nurs , vol.7 , pp. 100-102
    • Chulay, M.1
  • 6
    • 0021384977 scopus 로고
    • Physiological determinants of a clinically successful method of endotracheal suction
    • Baun MM. Physiological determinants of a clinically successful method of endotracheal suction. West J Nurs Res. 1984;6:213-228.
    • (1984) West J Nurs Res , vol.6 , pp. 213-228
    • Baun, M.M.1
  • 7
    • 33748432366 scopus 로고
    • The relative roles of hyperinflation and oxygen in raising arterial oxygen tension after preoxygenation prior to endotracheal suctioning
    • Powaser MM, Converse AL. The relative roles of hyperinflation and oxygen in raising arterial oxygen tension after preoxygenation prior to endotracheal suctioning. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1980;121(suppl):216.
    • (1980) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.121 , Issue.SUPPL , pp. 216
    • Powaser, M.M.1    Converse, A.L.2
  • 8
    • 0027465111 scopus 로고
    • Nurses' ability to achieve hyperinflation and hyperoxygenation with a manual resuscitation bag during endotracheal suctioning
    • Glass C, Grap MJ, Corley MC, Wallace D. Nurses' ability to achieve hyperinflation and hyperoxygenation with a manual resuscitation bag during endotracheal suctioning. Heart Lung. 1993;22:158-165.
    • (1993) Heart Lung , vol.22 , pp. 158-165
    • Glass, C.1    Grap, M.J.2    Corley, M.C.3    Wallace, D.4
  • 9
    • 0027550893 scopus 로고
    • The myth of 100% oxygen delivery through manual resuscitation bags
    • Corley M, Ledwidge MK, Glass C, Grap MJ. The myth of 100% oxygen delivery through manual resuscitation bags. J Emerg Nurs. 1993;19(1):45-49.
    • (1993) J Emerg Nurs , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 45-49
    • Corley, M.1    Ledwidge, M.K.2    Glass, C.3    Grap, M.J.4
  • 11
    • 0030147510 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endotracheal suctioning: ventilator vs manual delivery of hyperoxygenation breaths
    • Grap MJ, Glass C, Corley M, Parks T. Endotracheal suctioning: ventilator vs manual delivery of hyperoxygenation breaths. Am J Crit Care. 1996;5:192-197.
    • (1996) Am J Crit Care , vol.5 , pp. 192-197
    • Grap, M.J.1    Glass, C.2    Corley, M.3    Parks, T.4
  • 12
    • 0033094331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Endotracheal tube narrowing after closed-system suctioning: prevalence and risk factors
    • Glass C, Grap MJ, Sessler CN. Endotracheal tube narrowing after closed-system suctioning: prevalence and risk factors. Am J Crit Care. 1999;8:93-100.
    • (1999) Am J Crit Care , vol.8 , pp. 93-100
    • Glass, C.1    Grap, M.J.2    Sessler, C.N.3
  • 13
    • 0027466159 scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients: a cohort study evaluating attributable mortality and hospital stay
    • Fagon JY, Chastre J, Hance AJ, Montravers P, Novara A, Gibert C. Nosocomial pneumonia in ventilated patients: a cohort study evaluating attributable mortality and hospital stay. Am J Med. 1993;94:281-288.
    • (1993) Am J Med , vol.94 , pp. 281-288
    • Fagon, J.Y.1    Chastre, J.2    Hance, A.J.3    Montravers, P.4    Novara, A.5    Gibert, C.6
  • 14
    • 0027965538 scopus 로고
    • Guideline for prevention of nosocomial pneumonia, The Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee
    • Tablan OC, Anderson LJ, Arden NH, Breiman RF, Butler JC, McNeil MM. Guideline for prevention of nosocomial pneumonia. The Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Am J Infect Control. 1994;22:247-292.
    • (1994) Am J Infect Control , vol.22 , pp. 247-292
    • Tablan, O.C.1    Anderson, L.J.2    Arden, N.H.3    Breiman, R.F.4    Butler, J.C.5    McNeil, M.M.6
  • 15
    • 0028968722 scopus 로고
    • Mechanical ventilation with heated humidifiers or heat and moisture exchangers: effects on patient colonization and incidence of nosocomial pneumonia
    • Dreyfuss D, Djedaini K, Gros I, et al. Mechanical ventilation with heated humidifiers or heat and moisture exchangers: effects on patient colonization and incidence of nosocomial pneumonia. Am J Res Crit Care Med. 1995;151:986-992.
    • (1995) Am J Res Crit Care Med , vol.151 , pp. 986-992
    • Dreyfuss, D.1    Djedaini, K.2    Gros, I.3
  • 16
    • 0027244587 scopus 로고
    • Incidence and risk factors of pneumonia acquired in intensive care units: results from a multicenter prospective study on 996 patients, European Cooperative Group on Nosocomial Pneumonia 49
    • Chevret S, Hemmer M, Carlet J, Langer M. Incidence and risk factors of pneumonia acquired in intensive care units: results from a multicenter prospective study on 996 patients. European Cooperative Group on Nosocomial Pneumonia 49. Intensive Care Med. 1993;19:256-264.
    • (1993) Intensive Care Med , vol.19 , pp. 256-264
    • Chevret, S.1    Hemmer, M.2    Carlet, J.3    Langer, M.4
  • 17
    • 0030818182 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etiology and diagnostic techniques in intensive care-acquired pneumonia: a Spanish multi-center study
    • Alvarez-Lerma F, Palomar M, Martinez-Pellus AE, et al. Etiology and diagnostic techniques in intensive care-acquired pneumonia: a Spanish multi-center study. Clin Intensive Care. 1997;8:164-170.
    • (1997) Clin Intensive Care , vol.8 , pp. 164-170
    • Alvarez-Lerma, F.1    Palomar, M.2    Martinez-Pellus, A.E.3
  • 18
    • 0026077379 scopus 로고
    • Preventing nosocomial pneumonia: state of the art and perspectives for the 1990s
    • Craven DE, Steger KA, Barber TW. Preventing nosocomial pneumonia: state of the art and perspectives for the 1990s. Am J Med. 1991;91:44S-53S.
    • (1991) Am J Med , vol.91
    • Craven, D.E.1    Steger, K.A.2    Barber, T.W.3
  • 20
    • 0019370350 scopus 로고
    • Extra charges and prolongation of stay attributable to nosocomial infections: a prospective interhospital comparison
    • Haley RW, Schaberg DR, Crossley K, Von Allmen SD, McGowan JE Jr. Extra charges and prolongation of stay attributable to nosocomial infections: a prospective interhospital comparison. Am J Med. 1981;70:51-58.
    • (1981) Am J Med , vol.70 , pp. 51-58
    • Haley, R.W.1    Schaberg, D.R.2    Crossley, K.3    Von Allmen, S.D.4    McGowan J.E., Jr.5
  • 21
    • 0029072077 scopus 로고
    • Determinants of mortality and multiorgan dysfunction in cardiac surgery patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation
    • Kollef MH, Wragge T, Pasque C. Determinants of mortality and multiorgan dysfunction in cardiac surgery patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation. J Hosp Infect. 1995;107:1395-1401.
    • (1995) J Hosp Infect , vol.107 , pp. 1395-1401
    • Kollef, M.H.1    Wragge, T.2    Pasque, C.3
  • 23
    • 0024468271 scopus 로고
    • Incidence and etiology of pneumonia acquired during mechanical ventilation
    • Jimenez P, Torres A, Rodriguez-Roisin R, et al. Incidence and etiology of pneumonia acquired during mechanical ventilation. Crit Care Med. 1989;17:882-885.
    • (1989) Crit Care Med , vol.17 , pp. 882-885
    • Jimenez, P.1    Torres, A.2    Rodriguez-Roisin, R.3
  • 24
    • 0029150311 scopus 로고
    • Control of nosocomial infections in an intensive care unit in Guatemala City
    • Berg DE, Hershow RC, Ramirez CA, Weinstein RA. Control of nosocomial infections in an intensive care unit in Guatemala City. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;21:588-593.
    • (1995) Clin Infect Dis , vol.21 , pp. 588-593
    • Berg, D.E.1    Hershow, R.C.2    Ramirez, C.A.3    Weinstein, R.A.4
  • 26
    • 0029865045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated adult patients: epidemiology and prevention in 1996
    • Craven DE, Steger KA. Nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated adult patients: epidemiology and prevention in 1996. Semin Respir Infect. 1996;11:32-53.
    • (1996) Semin Respir Infect , vol.11 , pp. 32-53
    • Craven, D.E.1    Steger, K.A.2
  • 28
    • 0017872613 scopus 로고
    • Pharyngeal aspiration in normal adults and patients with depressed consciousness
    • Huxley EJ, Viroslav J, Gray WR, Pierce AK. Pharyngeal aspiration in normal adults and patients with depressed consciousness. Am J Med. 1978;64:564-568.
    • (1978) Am J Med , vol.64 , pp. 564-568
    • Huxley, E.J.1    Viroslav, J.2    Gray, W.R.3    Pierce, A.K.4
  • 29
    • 0028833778 scopus 로고
    • Continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia
    • Valles J, Artigas A, Rello J, et al. Continuous aspiration of subglottic secretions in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia. Ann Intern Med. 1995;122:179-186.
    • (1995) Ann Intern Med , vol.122 , pp. 179-186
    • Valles, J.1    Artigas, A.2    Rello, J.3
  • 30
    • 0026776206 scopus 로고
    • Gastroesophageal reflux in intubated patients receiving enteral nutrition: effect of supine and semirecumbent positions
    • Ibanez J, Penafiel A, Raurich JM, Marse P, Jorda R, Mata F. Gastroesophageal reflux in intubated patients receiving enteral nutrition: effect of supine and semirecumbent positions. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1992;16:419-422.
    • (1992) JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr , vol.16 , pp. 419-422
    • Ibanez, J.1    Penafiel, A.2    Raurich, J.M.3    Marse, P.4    Jorda, R.5    Mata, F.6
  • 31
    • 0026606379 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents in patients receiving mechanical ventilation: the effect of body position
    • Torres A, Serra-Batlles J, Ros E, et al. Pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents in patients receiving mechanical ventilation: the effect of body position. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116: 540-543.
    • (1992) Ann Intern Med , vol.116 , pp. 540-543
    • Torres, A.1    Serra-Batlles, J.2    Ros, E.3
  • 32
    • 0027382380 scopus 로고
    • Ventilator-associated pneumonia: a multivariate analysis
    • Kollef MH. Ventilator-associated pneumonia: a multivariate analysis. JAMA. 1993;270:1965-1970.
    • (1993) JAMA , vol.270 , pp. 1965-1970
    • Kollef, M.H.1
  • 33
    • 0033610663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Supine body position as a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients: a randomised trial
    • Drakulovic MB, Torres A, Bauer TT, Nicolas JM, Nogue S, Ferrer M. Supine body position as a risk factor for nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients: a randomised trial. Lancet. 1999;354:1851-1858.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.354 , pp. 1851-1858
    • Drakulovic, M.B.1    Torres, A.2    Bauer, T.T.3    Nicolas, J.M.4    Nogue, S.5    Ferrer, M.6
  • 34
    • 0028509599 scopus 로고
    • The use of position during critical illness: current practice and review of the literature
    • Evans D. The use of position during critical illness: current practice and review of the literature. Aust Crit Care. 1994;7: 16-21.
    • (1994) Aust Crit Care , vol.7 , pp. 16-21
    • Evans, D.1
  • 35
    • 0032603358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of backrest elevation in critical care: a pilot study
    • Grap MJ, Cantley M, Munro C, Corley M. Use of backrest elevation in critical care: a pilot study. Am J Crit Care. 1999; 8:475-480.
    • (1999) Am J Crit Care , vol.8 , pp. 475-480
    • Grap, M.J.1    Cantley, M.2    Munro, C.3    Corley, M.4
  • 37
    • 84921703032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Roadmap for safety National Quality Forum officially releases 30 safe practices for better healthcare
    • Roadmap for safety: National Quality Forum officially releases 30 safe practices for better healthcare. Qual Lett Healthc Lead. 2003;15:12-14, 1.
    • (2003) Qual Lett Healthc Lead , vol.15 , pp. 12-14
  • 38
    • 33645836530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tracheobronchial aspiration of gastric contents in critically ill tube-fed patients: frequency, outcomes, and risk factors
    • Metheny NA, Clouse RE, Chang YH, Stewart BJ, Oliver DA, Kollef MH. Tracheobronchial aspiration of gastric contents in critically ill tube-fed patients: frequency, outcomes, and risk factors. Crit Care Med. 2006;34:1007-1015.
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , pp. 1007-1015
    • Metheny, N.A.1    Clouse, R.E.2    Chang, Y.H.3    Stewart, B.J.4    Oliver, D.A.5    Kollef, M.H.6
  • 39
    • 0033623849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous measurement of backrest elevation in critical care: a research strategy
    • Hummel R, Grap MJ, Sessler CN, Munro CL, Corley M. Continuous measurement of backrest elevation in critical care: a research strategy. Crit Care Med. 2000;28:2621-2625.
    • (2000) Crit Care Med , vol.28 , pp. 2621-2625
    • Hummel, R.1    Grap, M.J.2    Sessler, C.N.3    Munro, C.L.4    Corley, M.5
  • 40
    • 0041329622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of standardized orders and provider education on head-of-bed positioning in mechanically ventilated patients
    • Helman DL Jr, Sherner JH III, Fitzpatrick TM, Callender ME, Shorr AF. Effect of standardized orders and provider education on head-of-bed positioning in mechanically ventilated patients. Crit Care Med. 2003;31:2285-2290.
    • (2003) Crit Care Med , vol.31 , pp. 2285-2290
    • Helman D.L., Jr.1    Sherner J.H., III.2    Fitzpatrick, T.M.3    Callender, M.E.4    Shorr, A.F.5
  • 41
    • 0030171187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Utilizing quality assurance as a tool for reducing the risk of nosocomial ventilatorassociated pneumonia
    • Joiner GA, Salisbury D, Bollin GE. Utilizing quality assurance as a tool for reducing the risk of nosocomial ventilatorassociated pneumonia. Am J Med Qual. 1996;11:100-103.
    • (1996) Am J Med Qual , vol.11 , pp. 100-103
    • Joiner, G.A.1    Salisbury, D.2    Bollin, G.E.3
  • 42
    • 0036852962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of an education program aimed at reducing the occurrence of ventilatorassociated pneumonia
    • Zack JE, Garrison T, Trovillion E, et al. Effect of an education program aimed at reducing the occurrence of ventilatorassociated pneumonia. Crit Care Med. 2002;30:2407-2412.
    • (2002) Crit Care Med , vol.30 , pp. 2407-2412
    • Zack, J.E.1    Garrison, T.2    Trovillion, E.3
  • 43
    • 77954599226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American Association of Critical-Care Nurses. VAP Practice Alert Issued January 1. Accessed April 27, 2009
    • American Association of Critical-Care Nurses. VAP Practice Alert. http://www.aacn.org/WD/Practice/Content/practicealerts.pcms?menu=Practice&lastmenu=divHeader_Evidence-Based_Resources. Issued January 1, 2008. Accessed April 27, 2009.
    • (2008)
  • 44
    • 0003393864 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services
    • US Department of Health and Human Services. Oral Health in America: A Report of the Surgeon General-Executive Summary. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2000.
    • (2000) Oral Health in America: A Report of the Surgeon General-Executive Summary
  • 45
    • 0031942272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colonization of dental plaque: a source of nosocomial infections in intensive care unit patients
    • Fourrier F, Duvivier B, Boutigny H, Rourrel-Delvallez M, Chopin C. Colonization of dental plaque: a source of nosocomial infections in intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Med. 1998;26:301-308.
    • (1998) Crit Care Med , vol.26 , pp. 301-308
    • Fourrier, F.1    Duvivier, B.2    Boutigny, H.3    Rourrel-Delvallez, M.4    Chopin, C.5
  • 46
    • 0030719853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oropharyngeal or gastric colonization and nosocomial pneumonia in adult intensive care unit patients: a prospective study based on genomic DNA analysis
    • Garrouste OM, Chevret S, Arlet G, et al. Oropharyngeal or gastric colonization and nosocomial pneumonia in adult intensive care unit patients: a prospective study based on genomic DNA analysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;156:1647-1655.
    • (1997) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.156 , pp. 1647-1655
    • Garrouste, O.M.1    Chevret, S.2    Arlet, G.3
  • 47
    • 0026780735 scopus 로고
    • Colonization of dental plaque by respiratory pathogens in medical intensive care patients
    • Scannapieco FA, Stewart EM, Mylotte JM. Colonization of dental plaque by respiratory pathogens in medical intensive care patients. Crit Care Med. 1992;20:740-745.
    • (1992) Crit Care Med , vol.20 , pp. 740-745
    • Scannapieco, F.A.1    Stewart, E.M.2    Mylotte, J.M.3
  • 48
    • 0032791970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Role of different routes of tracheal colonization in the development of pneumonia in patients receiving mechanical ventilation
    • Cardenosa Cendrero JA, Sole-Violan J, Bordes BA, et al. Role of different routes of tracheal colonization in the development of pneumonia in patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;116:462-470.
    • (1999) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.116 , pp. 462-470
    • Cardenosa Cendrero, J.A.1    Sole-Violan, J.2    Bordes, B.A.3
  • 50
    • 0026447082 scopus 로고
    • Bacterial and fungal colonization of endotracheal tubes in children: a prospective study
    • Rubenstein JS, Kabat K, Shulman ST, Yogev R. Bacterial and fungal colonization of endotracheal tubes in children: a prospective study. Crit Care Med. 1992;20:1544-1549.
    • (1992) Crit Care Med , vol.20 , pp. 1544-1549
    • Rubenstein, J.S.1    Kabat, K.2    Shulman, S.T.3    Yogev, R.4
  • 51
    • 0024965158 scopus 로고
    • Oral care in the ICU: an important nursing role
    • Jenkins DA. Oral care in the ICU: an important nursing role. Nurs Stand. 1989;4:24-29.
    • (1989) Nurs Stand , vol.4 , pp. 24-29
    • Jenkins, D.A.1
  • 52
    • 0037607748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral care interventions in critical care: frequency and documentation
    • Grap MJ, Munro CL, Ashtiani B, Bryant S. Oral care interventions in critical care: frequency and documentation. Am J Crit Care. 2003;12:113-118.
    • (2003) Am J Crit Care , vol.12 , pp. 113-118
    • Grap, M.J.1    Munro, C.L.2    Ashtiani, B.3    Bryant, S.4
  • 53
    • 24944562268 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency of oral care and positioning of patients in critical care: a replication study
    • Hanneman SK, Gusick GM. Frequency of oral care and positioning of patients in critical care: a replication study. Am J Crit Care. 2005;14:378-386.
    • (2005) Am J Crit Care , vol.14 , pp. 378-386
    • Hanneman, S.K.1    Gusick, G.M.2
  • 54
    • 8744293818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Colonization of dental plaques: a reservoir of respiratory pathogens for hospital-acquired pneumonia in institutionalized elders
    • El-Solh AA, Pietrantoni C, Bhat A, et al. Colonization of dental plaques: a reservoir of respiratory pathogens for hospital-acquired pneumonia in institutionalized elders. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;126:1575-1582.
    • (2004) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.126 , pp. 1575-1582
    • El-Solh, A.A.1    Pietrantoni, C.2    Bhat, A.3
  • 56
    • 0028154795 scopus 로고
    • War injuries during the Gulf War: experience of a teaching hospital in Kuwait
    • Behbehani A, Abu-Zidan F, Hasaniya N, Merei J. War injuries during the Gulf War: experience of a teaching hospital in Kuwait. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1994;76:407-411.
    • (1994) Ann R Coll Surg Engl , vol.76 , pp. 407-411
    • Behbehani, A.1    Abu-Zidan, F.2    Hasaniya, N.3    Merei, J.4
  • 57
    • 0033926375 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hospitalizations for all causes of US military service members in relation to participation in Operations Joint Endeavor and Joint Guard, Bosnia-Herzegovina, January 1995 to December 1997
    • Brundage JF, Kohlhase KF, Rubertone MV. Hospitalizations for all causes of US military service members in relation to participation in Operations Joint Endeavor and Joint Guard, Bosnia-Herzegovina, January 1995 to December 1997. Mil Med. 2000;165:505-511.
    • (2000) Mil Med , vol.165 , pp. 505-511
    • Brundage, J.F.1    Kohlhase, K.F.2    Rubertone, M.V.3
  • 58
    • 0028060196 scopus 로고
    • Comparisons of casualty presentation and admission rates during various combat operations
    • Blood CG, Gauker ED, Jolly R, Pugh WM. Comparisons of casualty presentation and admission rates during various combat operations. Mil Med. 1994;159:457-461.
    • (1994) Mil Med , vol.159 , pp. 457-461
    • Blood, C.G.1    Gauker, E.D.2    Jolly, R.3    Pugh, W.M.4
  • 59
    • 0033073490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can a patient who has an endotracheal tube and is on mechanical ventilation be given ice chips?
    • Anderson J, Lester J. Can a patient who has an endotracheal tube and is on mechanical ventilation be given ice chips? Critical Care Nurse. 1999;19(1):95-96.
    • (1999) Critical Care Nurse , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 95-96
    • Anderson, J.1    Lester, J.2
  • 60
    • 0036834162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse in reducing prevalence of nosocomial pneumonia in patients undergoing heart surgery
    • Houston S, Hougland P, Anderson JJ, LaRocco M, Kennedy V, Gentry LO. Effectiveness of 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate oral rinse in reducing prevalence of nosocomial pneumonia in patients undergoing heart surgery. Am J Crit Care. 2002;11:567-570.
    • (2002) Am J Crit Care , vol.11 , pp. 567-570
    • Houston, S.1    Hougland, P.2    Anderson, J.J.3    LaRocco, M.4    Kennedy, V.5    Gentry, L.O.6
  • 61
    • 0029931655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.12% oral rinse reduces the incidence of total nosocomial respiratory infection and nonprophylactic systemic antibiotic use in patients undergoing heart surgery
    • DeRiso AJ, Ladowski JS, Dillon TA, Justice JW, Peterson AC. Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.12% oral rinse reduces the incidence of total nosocomial respiratory infection and nonprophylactic systemic antibiotic use in patients undergoing heart surgery. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1996;109:1556-1561.
    • (1996) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.109 , pp. 1556-1561
    • DeRiso, A.J.1    Ladowski, J.S.2    Dillon, T.A.3    Justice, J.W.4    Peterson, A.C.5
  • 62
    • 3042703030 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duration of action of a single, early oral application of chlorhexidine on oral microbial flora in mechanically ventilated patients: a pilot study
    • Grap MJ, Munro CL, Elswick RK Jr, Sessler CN, Ward KR. Duration of action of a single, early oral application of chlorhexidine on oral microbial flora in mechanically ventilated patients: a pilot study. Heart Lung. 2004;33:83-91.
    • (2004) Heart Lung , vol.33 , pp. 83-91
    • Grap, M.J.1    Munro, C.L.2    Elswick R.K., Jr.3    Sessler, C.N.4    Ward, K.R.5
  • 63
    • 77954575979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early, single chlorhexidine application to reduce oral flora and ventilator-associated pneumonia in trauma victims [abstract]
    • Grap MJ, Munro CL, Elswick RK, Sessler CN, Ward KR, Higgins SM. Early, single chlorhexidine application to reduce oral flora and ventilator-associated pneumonia in trauma victims [abstract]. Am J Crit Care. 2009;18(3):200.
    • (2009) Am J Crit Care , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 200
    • Grap, M.J.1    Munro, C.L.2    Elswick, R.K.3    Sessler, C.N.4    Ward, K.R.5    Higgins, S.M.6
  • 64
    • 33751229919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of nosocomial infection in cardiac surgery by decontamination of the nasopharynx and oropharynx with chlorhexidine gluconate: a randomized controlled trial
    • Segers P, Speekenbrink RG, Ubbink DT, van Ogtrop ML, de Mol BA. Prevention of nosocomial infection in cardiac surgery by decontamination of the nasopharynx and oropharynx with chlorhexidine gluconate: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2006;296:2460-2466.
    • (2006) JAMA , vol.296 , pp. 2460-2466
    • Segers, P.1    Speekenbrink, R.G.2    Ubbink, D.T.3    van Ogtrop, M.L.4    de Mol, B.A.5
  • 65
    • 77954613612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chlorhexidine reduces ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) in mechanically ventilated ICU adults
    • Munro CL, Grap MJ, McClish D, Sessler CN. Chlorhexidine reduces ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) in mechanically ventilated ICU adults. Crit Care Med. 2006;34(12, suppl):A1.
    • (2006) Crit Care Med , vol.34 , Issue.12 SUPPL
    • Munro, C.L.1    Grap, M.J.2    McClish, D.3    Sessler, C.N.4
  • 66
    • 0034909020 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multidisciplinary management of sedation and analgesia in critical care
    • Sessler CN, Grap MJ, Brophy GM. Multidisciplinary management of sedation and analgesia in critical care. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;22:211-225.
    • (2001) Semin Respir Crit Care Med , vol.22 , pp. 211-225
    • Sessler, C.N.1    Grap, M.J.2    Brophy, G.M.3
  • 67
    • 0034909903 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comfort and distress in the ICU: scope of the problem
    • Sessler CN. Comfort and distress in the ICU: scope of the problem. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;22:111-113.
    • (2001) Semin Respir Crit Care Med , vol.22 , pp. 111-113
    • Sessler, C.N.1
  • 68
    • 0036152552 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical practice guidelines for the sustained use of sedatives and analgesics in the critically ill adult
    • Jacobi J, Fraser GL, Coursin DB, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the sustained use of sedatives and analgesics in the critically ill adult. Crit Care Med. 2002;30:119-141.
    • (2002) Crit Care Med , vol.30 , pp. 119-141
    • Jacobi, J.1    Fraser, G.L.2    Coursin, D.B.3
  • 69
    • 0036180873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sedation and analgesia in intensive care: medications attenuate stress response in critical illness
    • 67-70
    • Blanchard AR. Sedation and analgesia in intensive care: medications attenuate stress response in critical illness. Postgrad Med. 2002;111(2):59-64, 67-70.
    • (2002) Postgrad Med , vol.111 , Issue.2 , pp. 59-64
    • Blanchard, A.R.1
  • 70
    • 2442536181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analgesia and sedation in intensive care: a progress report
    • Tufano R. Analgesia and sedation in intensive care: a progress report. Minerva Anestesiol. 2003;69:735-737.
    • (2003) Minerva Anestesiol , vol.69 , pp. 735-737
    • Tufano, R.1
  • 71
    • 0028849374 scopus 로고
    • Optimal intravenous dosing strategies for sedatives and analgesics in the intensive care unit
    • Barr J, Donner A. Optimal intravenous dosing strategies for sedatives and analgesics in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Clin. 1995;11:827-847.
    • (1995) Crit Care Clin , vol.11 , pp. 827-847
    • Barr, J.1    Donner, A.2
  • 72
    • 0032989139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for developing pneumonia within 48 hours of intubation
    • Rello J, Diaz E, Roque M, Valles J. Risk factors for developing pneumonia within 48 hours of intubation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;159:1742-1746.
    • (1999) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.159 , pp. 1742-1746
    • Rello, J.1    Diaz, E.2    Roque, M.3    Valles, J.4
  • 73
    • 0031978446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unplanned extubations in the adult intensive care unit: a prospective multicenter study, Association des Reanimateurs du Centre-Ouest
    • Boulain T. Unplanned extubations in the adult intensive care unit: a prospective multicenter study. Association des Reanimateurs du Centre-Ouest. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;157:1131-1137.
    • (1998) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.157 , pp. 1131-1137
    • Boulain, T.1
  • 74
    • 0027937272 scopus 로고
    • Modes of mechanical ventilation and weaning: a national survey of Spanish hospitals, The Spanish Lung Failure Collaborative Group
    • Esteban A, Alia I, Ibanez J, Benito S, Tobin MJ. Modes of mechanical ventilation and weaning: a national survey of Spanish hospitals. The Spanish Lung Failure Collaborative Group. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994;106:1188-1193.
    • (1994) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.106 , pp. 1188-1193
    • Esteban, A.1    Alia, I.2    Ibanez, J.3    Benito, S.4    Tobin, M.J.5
  • 75
    • 0030956523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, controlled trial of protocol-directed versus physician-directed weaning from mechanical ventilation [see comments]
    • Kollef MH, Shapiro SD, Silver P, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of protocol-directed versus physician-directed weaning from mechanical ventilation [see comments]. Crit Care Med. 1997;25:567-574.
    • (1997) Crit Care Med , vol.25 , pp. 567-574
    • Kollef, M.H.1    Shapiro, S.D.2    Silver, P.3
  • 76
    • 0035191598 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using protocols to improve the outcomes of mechanically ventilated patients: focus on weaning and sedation
    • Ibrahim EH, Kollef MH. Using protocols to improve the outcomes of mechanically ventilated patients: focus on weaning and sedation. Crit Care Clin. 2001;17:989-1001.
    • (2001) Crit Care Clin , vol.17 , pp. 989-1001
    • Ibrahim, E.H.1    Kollef, M.H.2
  • 77
    • 10544248173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect on the duration of mechanical ventilation of identifying patients capable of breathing spontaneously
    • Ely EW, Baker AM, Dunagan DP, et al. Effect on the duration of mechanical ventilation of identifying patients capable of breathing spontaneously. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:1864-1869.
    • (1996) N Engl J Med , vol.335 , pp. 1864-1869
    • Ely, E.W.1    Baker, A.M.2    Dunagan, D.P.3
  • 78
    • 0025931428 scopus 로고
    • Reduction of duration and cost of mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit by use of a ventilatory management team
    • Cohen IL, Bari N, Strosberg MA, et al. Reduction of duration and cost of mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit by use of a ventilatory management team. Crit Care Med. 1991;19:1278-1284.
    • (1991) Crit Care Med , vol.19 , pp. 1278-1284
    • Cohen, I.L.1    Bari, N.2    Strosberg, M.A.3
  • 79
    • 0035101273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of a collaborative weaning plan on patient outcome in the critical care setting
    • Henneman E, Dracup K, Ganz T, Molayeme O, Cooper C. Effect of a collaborative weaning plan on patient outcome in the critical care setting. Crit Care Med. 2001;29:297-303.
    • (2001) Crit Care Med , vol.29 , pp. 297-303
    • Henneman, E.1    Dracup, K.2    Ganz, T.3    Molayeme, O.4    Cooper, C.5
  • 80
    • 0031905595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation: three examples of change in the intensive care unit
    • Kollef MH, Horst HM, Prang L, Brock WA. Reducing the duration of mechanical ventilation: three examples of change in the intensive care unit. New Horiz. 1998;6:52-60.
    • (1998) New Horiz , vol.6 , pp. 52-60
    • Kollef, M.H.1    Horst, H.M.2    Prang, L.3    Brock, W.A.4
  • 81
    • 0035669399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence-based guidelines for weaning and discontinuing ventilatory support: a collective task force facilitated by the American College of Chest Physicians; the American Association for Respiratory Care; and the American College of Critical Care Medicine
    • MacIntyre NR, Cook DJ, Ely EW Jr, et al. Evidence-based guidelines for weaning and discontinuing ventilatory support: a collective task force facilitated by the American College of Chest Physicians; the American Association for Respiratory Care; and the American College of Critical Care Medicine. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;120:375S-395S.
    • (2001) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.120
    • MacIntyre, N.R.1    Cook, D.J.2    Ely E.W., Jr.3
  • 82
    • 0031767743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical management of weaning from mechanical ventilation
    • Esteban A, Alia I. Clinical management of weaning from mechanical ventilation. Intensive Care Med. 1998;24:999-1008.
    • (1998) Intensive Care Med , vol.24 , pp. 999-1008
    • Esteban, A.1    Alia, I.2
  • 84
    • 0032996535 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prognostic significance of passing a daily screen of weaning parameters
    • Ely EW, Baker AM, Evans GW, Haponik EF. The prognostic significance of passing a daily screen of weaning parameters. Intensive Care Med. 1999;25:581-587.
    • (1999) Intensive Care Med , vol.25 , pp. 581-587
    • Ely, E.W.1    Baker, A.M.2    Evans, G.W.3    Haponik, E.F.4
  • 85
    • 0036314635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sedation in the intensive care unit: refining the models and defining the questions
    • Riker RR, Fraser GL. Sedation in the intensive care unit: refining the models and defining the questions. Crit Care Med. 2002;30:1661-1663.
    • (2002) Crit Care Med , vol.30 , pp. 1661-1663
    • Riker, R.R.1    Fraser, G.L.2
  • 86
    • 0036152803 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sedation analgesia, and neuromuscular blockade of the critically ill adult: revised clinical practice guidelines for 2002
    • Nasraway SA Jr, Jacobi J, Murray MJ, Lumb PD. Sedation, analgesia, and neuromuscular blockade of the critically ill adult: revised clinical practice guidelines for 2002. Crit Care Med. 2002;30:117-118.
    • (2002) Crit Care Med , vol.30 , pp. 117-118
    • Nasraway S.A., Jr.1    Jacobi, J.2    Murray, M.J.3    Lumb, P.D.4
  • 87
    • 18844480830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advancing sedation assessment to promote patient comfort
    • McGaffigan PA. Advancing sedation assessment to promote patient comfort. Crit Care Nurse. 2002;(suppl):29-36.
    • (2002) Crit Care Nurse , Issue.SUPPL , pp. 29-36
    • McGaffigan, P.A.1
  • 88
    • 0028824443 scopus 로고
    • Methods for monitoring the level of sedation
    • Avramov MN, White PF. Methods for monitoring the level of sedation. Crit Care Clin. 1995;11:803-826.
    • (1995) Crit Care Clin , vol.11 , pp. 803-826
    • Avramov, M.N.1    White, P.F.2
  • 89
    • 0031227230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sedation of adult critically ill ventilated patients in intensive care units: a national survey
    • Magarey JM. Sedation of adult critically ill ventilated patients in intensive care units: a national survey. Aust Crit Care. 1997;10:90-93.
    • (1997) Aust Crit Care , vol.10 , pp. 90-93
    • Magarey, J.M.1
  • 90
    • 0031261232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The need for assessment of sedation in the critically ill
    • Murray K. The need for assessment of sedation in the critically ill. Nurs Crit Care. 1997;2:297-302.
    • (1997) Nurs Crit Care , vol.2 , pp. 297-302
    • Murray, K.1
  • 92
    • 0032814036 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective evaluation of the Sedation-Agitation Scale for adult critically ill patients
    • Riker RR, Picard JT, Fraser GL. Prospective evaluation of the Sedation-Agitation Scale for adult critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 1999;27:1325-1329.
    • (1999) Crit Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 1325-1329
    • Riker, R.R.1    Picard, J.T.2    Fraser, G.L.3
  • 93
    • 0032813749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor Activity Assessment Scale: a valid and reliable sedation scale for use with mechanically ventilated patients in an adult surgical intensive care unit
    • Devlin JW, Boleski G, Mlynarek M, et al. Motor Activity Assessment Scale: a valid and reliable sedation scale for use with mechanically ventilated patients in an adult surgical intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 1999;27:1271-1275.
    • (1999) Crit Care Med , vol.27 , pp. 1271-1275
    • Devlin, J.W.1    Boleski, G.2    Mlynarek, M.3
  • 94
    • 0037111193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale: validity and reliability in adult intensive care unit patients
    • Sessler CN, Gosnell M, Grap MJ, et al. The Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale: validity and reliability in adult intensive care unit patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002; 166:1338-1344.
    • (2002) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.166 , pp. 1338-1344
    • Sessler, C.N.1    Gosnell, M.2    Grap, M.J.3
  • 95
    • 0026571542 scopus 로고
    • Assessing distress in pediatric intensive care environments: the COMFORT scale
    • Ambuel B, Hamlett KW, Marx CM, Blumer JL. Assessing distress in pediatric intensive care environments: the COMFORT scale. J Pediatr Psychol. 1992;17:95-109.
    • (1992) J Pediatr Psychol , vol.17 , pp. 95-109
    • Ambuel, B.1    Hamlett, K.W.2    Marx, C.M.3    Blumer, J.L.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.