Pancreatic carcinogenesis: The impact of chronic pancreatitis and its clinical relevance

Indian Journal of Cancer

Volumn 46, Issue 4, 2009, Pages 288-296

  Shrikhande, S V ^a   Barreto, G ^a   Koliopanos, A ^b  

^a TATA MEMORIAL HOSPITAL   (India)

^b IASO GENERAL HOSPITAL   (Greece)

Author keywords

Chronic pancreatitis; Inflammation; Pancreatic cancer; Pancreatic carcinogenesis; Pancreatic head mass; Risk of pancreatic cancer

Indexed keywords

CA 19-9 ANTIGEN; MOLECULAR MARKER;

CANCER RISK; CANCER SURGERY; CARCINOGENESIS; CHRONIC PANCREATITIS; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CYSTIC FIBROSIS; DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS; ENDOSCOPIC ECHOGRAPHY; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PANCREAS CANCER; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; REVIEW;

CELL TRANSFORMATION, NEOPLASTIC; HUMANS; INFLAMMATION; PANCREATIC NEOPLASMS; PANCREATITIS, CHRONIC; RISK FACTORS;

EID: 70349429960     PISSN: 0019509X     EISSN: 19984774     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4103/0019-509X.55548     Document Type: Review

References (71)

1. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. SEER Stat database. Incidence - SEER 9 Regs Public-Use, Nov 2003 Sub (1973-2001). Available at: www.seer.cancer.gov. Released April 2004, based on the November 2002 submission. National Cancer Institute, DCCPS, Surveillance Research Program, Cancer Statistics Branch.
2. Jemal A, Murray T, Ward E, Samuels A, Tiwari RC, Ghafoor A, et al. Cancer statistics, 2005. CA Cancer J Clin 2005;55:10-30.
3. Dhir V, Mohandas KM. Epidemiology of digestive tract cancers in India IV. Gall bladder and pancreas. Indian J Gastroenterol 1999;18:24-28
4. Smeenk HG, Tran TC, Erdmann J, van Eijck CH, Jeekel J. Survival after surgical management of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Does curative and radical surgery truly exist? Langenbecks Arch Surg 2005;390:94-103. Epub 2004 May 14.
5. Li D, Xie K, Wolff R, Abbruzzese JL. Pancreatic cancer. Lancet 2004;363:1049-1057
6. Steer ML, Waxman I, Freedman S. Chronic Pancreatitis. New Eng J Med 1995;332:1482-1490
7. Comfort A, Gambill E, Bagenstoss AH. Chronic relapsing pancreatitis: A study of 29 cases without associated diseases of the biliary or gastrointestinal tract. Gastroenterology 1968;54:760-765
8. Cohn JA, Friedman KJ, Noone PG, Knowles MR, Silverman LM, Jowell PS. Relation between Mutations of the Cystic Fibrosis Gene and Idiopathic Pancreatitis. N Engl J Med 1998;339:653-658
9. Cohn JA, Jowell PS. Are mutations in the cystic fibrosis gene important in chronic pancreatitis? Surg Clin North Am 1999;79:723-731
10. Choudari CP, Lehman GA, Sherman S. Pancreatitis and cystic fibrosis gene mutations. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1999;28:543-549
11. Taylor CJ. Chronic pancreatitis and mutations of the cystic fibrosis gene. Gut 1999;44:8-9.
12. Pitchumoni CS. Chronic pancreatitis: A historical and clinical sketch of the pancreas and pancreatitis. Gastroenterologist 1998;6:24-33.
13. Ammann R, Sulser H. "Senile" chronic pancreatitis; a new nosologic entity? Studies in 38 cases. Indications of a vascular origin and relationship to the primarily painless chronic pancreatitis. Schweiz Med Wochenschr 1976;106:429-437
14. Nwokolo C, Oli J. Pathogenesis of juvenile tropical pancreatitis syndrome. Lancet 1980;1:456-459
15. Braganza JM, Schofield D, Snehalatha C, Mohan V. Micronutrient antioxidant status in tropical compared with temperate-zone chronic pancreatitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 1993;28:1098-1104
16. Chandak GR, Idris MM, Reddy DN, Bhaskar S, Sriram PV, Singh L. Mutations in the pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor gene (PSTI/ SPINK1) rather than the cationic trypsinogen gene (PRSS1) are significantly associated with tropical calcific pancreatitis. J Med Genet 2002;39:347-351
17. Rossi L, Pfutzer RH, Parvin S, Ali L, Sattar S, Kahn AK, et al. SPINK1/PSTI mutations are associated with tropical pancreatitis in Bangladesh. A preliminary report. Pancreatology 2001;1:242-245
18. Buchler MW, Friess H, Uhl W, Malfertheiner P eds. Chronic Pancreatitis: Novel concepts in biology and therapy. Blackwell Publishing 2002. p. 27-29
19. Lowenfels AB, Maisonneuve P, Cavallini G, Ammann RW, Lankisch PG, Andersen JR, et al. Pancreatitis and the risk of pancreatic cancer. N Eng J Med 1993;328:1433-1437
20. Augustine P, Ramesh H. Is tropical pancreatitis premalignant? Am J Gastroenterol 1992;87:1005-1008
21. Chari ST, Mohan V, Pitchumoni CS, Viswanathan M, Madanagopalan N, Lowenfels AB. Risk of pancreatic carcinoma in tropical calcifying pancreatitis: An epidemiologic study. Pancreas 1994;9:62-66
22. Chari ST, Mohan V, Pitchumoni CS, Viswanathan M, Madanagopalan N, Lowenfels AB. Risk of pancratic carcinoma in tropical calcifying pancreatitits: An epidemicologic study. Pancreas 1994;9:62-66
23. Sheldon CD, Hodson ME, Carpenter LM, Swerdlow AJ. A cohort study of cystic fibrosis and malignancy. Br J Cancer 1993;68:1025-1028
24. Neglia JP, FitzSimmons SC, Maisonneuve P, Schoni MH, Schoni- Affolter F, Corey M, et al. The risk of cancer among patients with cystic fibrosis. Cystic Fibrosis and Cancer Study Group. N Engl J Med 1995;332:494-499
25. Howes N, Lerch MM, Greenhalf W, Stocken DD, Ellis I, Simon P, et al. European registry of hereditary pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer (EUROPAC). Clinical and genetic characteristics of hereditary pancreatitis in Europe. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004;2:252-261
26. Lowenfels AB, Maisonneuve P, Whitcomb DC, Lerch MM, DiMagno EP. Cigarette smoking as a risk factor for pancreatic cancer in patients with hereditary pancreatitis. JAMA 2001;286:169-170
27. Farrow B, Evers BM. Inflammation and the development of pancreatic cancer. Surg Oncol 2002;10:153-169
28. Whitcomb DC. Inflammation and cancer. Chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2004;287:G315-G319.
29. Vakkila J, Lotze MT. Inflammation and necrosis promote tumor growth. Nat Rev Immunol 2004;4:641-648
30. Shrikhande SV, Martignoni ME, Shrikhande M, Kappeler A, Ramesh H, Zimmermann A, et al. Comparison of histological features and inflammatory cell reaction in alcoholic, idiopathic and tropical chronic pancreatitis. Br J Surg 2003;90:1565-1572
31. Hruban RH, Adsay NV, Albores-Saavedra J, Compton C, Garrett ES, Goodman SN, et al. Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia: A new nomenclature and classification system for pancreatic duct lesions. Am J Surg Pathol 2001;25:579-586
32. Hruban RH, Takaori K, Klimstra DS, Adsay NV, Albores-Saavedra J, Biankin AV, et al. An illustrated Consensus on the Classification of Pancreatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms. Am J Surg Pathol 2004;28:977-987
33. Van Laethem JL, Bourgeois V, Parma J, Delhaye M, Cochaux P, Velu T, et al. Relative contribution of Ki-ras gene analysis and brush cytology during ERCP for the diagnosis of biliary and pancreatic diseases. Gastrointest Endosc 1998;47:479-485
34. Talar-Wojnarowska R, Malecka-Panas E. Molecular pathogenesis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: Potential clinical implications. Med Sci Monit 2006;12:RA186-93.
35. Shrikhande SV, Friess H, Kleeff J, Buchler MW. Genetic basis of diseases of the pancreas. In: GI Surgery Annual by TK Chattopadhyay (ed)., New Delhi 2004.
36. Kloppel G, Adsay NV. Chronic pancreatitis and the differential diagnosis versus pancreatic cancer. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2009;133:382-387
37. Bloomston M, Frankel WL, Petrocca F, Volinia S, Alder H, Hagan JP, et al. MicroRNA expression patterns to differentiate pancreatic adenocarcinoma from normal pancreas and chronic pancreatitis. JAMA 2007;297:1901-1908
38. Crnogorac-Jurcevic T, Gangeswaran R, Bhakta V, Capurso G, Lattimore S, Akada M, et al. Proteomic analysis of chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Gastroenterology 2005;129:1454-1463
39. Beger HG, Schlosser W, Friess HM, Buchler MW. Duodenumpreserving head resection in chronic pancreatitis changes the natural course of the disease: A single-center 26-year experience. Ann Surg 1999;230:512-519; discussion 519-523
40. Evans JD, Morton DG, Neoptolemos JP. Chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic carcinoma. Postgrad Med J 1997;73:543-548
41. Lankisch PG, Mahlke R, Graf D, Becher R, Riesner K. Painless acute pancreatitis mimicking pancreatic carcinoma. Pancreas 1995;10:413-414
42. Prinz RA. Surgical options in chronic pancreatitis. Int J Pancreatol 1993;14:97-105.
43. Jones BA, Langer B, Taylor BR, Girotti M. Periampllary tumors. Which ones should be resected? Am J Surg 1985;149:46-52.
44. Taylor B. Carcinoma of the head of the pancreas versus chronic pancreatitis: Diagnostic dilemma with significant consequences. World J Surg 2003;27:1249-1257
45. Warren KW, Choe DS, Plaza J, Relihan M. Results of radical resection for periampullary cancer. Ann Surg 1975;181:534-540
46. Herlyn M, Sears HF, Steplewski Z, Koprowski H. Monoclonal antibody detection of a circulating tumor-associated antigen. I. Presence of antigen in sera of patients with colorectal, gastric, and pancreatic carcinoma. J Clin Immunol 1982;2:135-140
47. Ni XG, Bai XF, Mao YL, Shao YF, Wu JX, Shan Y, et al. The clinical value of serum CEA, CA19-9, and CA242 in the diagnosis and prognosis of pancreatic cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2005;31:164-169
48. Grem J. The prognostic importance of tumor markers in adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract. Curr Opin Oncol 1997;9:380-387
49. Safi F, Roscher R, Beger HG. The clinical relevance of the tumor marker CA 19-9 in the diagnosing and monitoring of pancreatic carcinoma. Bull Cancer 1990;77:83-91.
50. Safi F, Roscher R, Bittner R, Schenkluhn B, Dopfer HP, Beger HG. High sensitivity and specificity of CA 19-9 for pancreatic carcinoma in comparison to chronic pancreatitis. Serological and immunohistochemical findings. Pancreas 1987;2:398-403.
51. Niederau C, Grendell JH. Diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma. Imaging techniques and tumor markers. Pancreas 1992;7:66-86.
52. Andersen HB, Effersoe H, Tjalve E, Burcharth F. CT for assessment of pancreatic and periampullary cancer. Acta Radiol 1993;34:569-572
53. Megibow AJ, Zhou XH, Rotterdam H, Francis IR, Zerhouni EA, Balfe DM, et al. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma: CT versus MR imaging in the evaluation of resectability - report of the Radiology Diagnostic Oncology Group. Radiology 1995;195:327-332
54. Lomanto D, Pavone P, Laghi A, Panebianco V, Mazzocchi P, Fiocca F, et al. Magnetic resonance-cholangiopancreatography in the diagnosis of biliopancreatic diseases. Am J Surg 1997;174:33-38
55. Trede M, Rumstadt B, Wendl K, Gaa J, Tesdal K, Lehmann KJ, et al. Ultrafast magnetic resonance imaging improves the staging of pancreatic tumors. Ann Surg 1997;226:393-405; discussion 405-407
56. Jadvar H, Fischman AJ. Evaluation of pancreatic carcinoma with FDG-PET. Abdom Imaging 2001;26:254-259
57. Lan XL, Zhang YX, Wu ZJ, Jia Q, Wei H, Gao ZR. The value of dual time point (18)F-FDG PET imaging for the differentiation between malignant and benign lesions. Clin Radiol 2008;63:756-764
58. Bang S, Chung HW, Park SW, Chung JB, Yun M, Lee JD, et al. The clinical usefulness of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the differential diagnosis, staging, and response evaluation after concurrent chemoradiotherapy for pancreatic cancer. J Clin Gastroenterol 2006;40:923-929
59. Afify AM, al-Khafaji BM, Kim B, Scheiman JM. Endoscopic ultrasoundguided fine needle aspiration of the pancreas. Diagnostic utility and accuracy. Acta Cytol 2003;47:341-348
60. Horwhat JD, Paulson EK, McGrath K, Branch MS, Baillie J, Tyler D, et al. A randomized comparison of EUS-guided FNA versus CT or US -guided FNA for the evaluation of pancreatic mass lesions. Gastrointest Endosc 2006;63:966-975
61. Fritscher-Ravens A, Brand L, Knofel WT, Bobrowski C, Topalidis T, Thonke F, et al. Comparison of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration for focal pancreatic lesions in patients with normal parenchyma and chronic pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2002;97:2768-2775
62. Yusuf TE, Bhutani MS. Differentiating pancreatic cancer from pseudotumorous chronic pancreatitis. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2002;4:135-139
63. Barthet M, Portal I, Boujaoude J, Bernard JP, Sahel J. Endoscopic ultrasonographic diagnosis of pancreatic cancer complicating chronic pancreatitis. Endoscopy 1996;28:487-491
64. Graham RA, Bankoff M, Hediger R, Shaker HZ, Reinhold RB. Fineneedle aspiration biopsy of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Loss of diagnostic accuracy with small tumors. J Surg Oncol 1994;55:92-94
65. Moller K, Papanikolaou IS, Toermer T, Delicha EM, Sarbia M, Schenck U, et al. EUS-guided FNA of solid pancreatic masses: High yield of 2 passes with combined histologic-cytologic analysis. Gastrointest Endosc 2009; Epub
66. Kloppel G, Lingenthal G, Klapdor R, Kern HF, Ruckert K, von Bulow M. Morphologic criteria of the growth behavior of pancreatic cancers. Experimental and clinico-pathologic studies. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1984;109:702-708
67. Keighley MR, Moore J, Thompson H. The place of fine needle aspiration cytology for the intraoperative diagnosis of pancreatic malignancy. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1984;66:405-408
68. Kamisawa T, Yoshiike M, Egawa N, Nakajima H, Tsuruta K, Okamoto A. Treating patients with autoimmune pancreatitis: Results from a long-term follow-up study. Pancreatology 2005;5:234-238; discussion 238-240 Epub 2005 Apr 22.
69. Camp ER, Vogel SB. Blind Whipple resections for periampullary and pancreatic lesions. Am Surg 2004;70:6-10; discussion 11-12.
70. Sakorafas GH, Tsiotou AG. Multi-step pancreatic carcinogenesis and its clinical implications. Eur J Surg Oncol 1999;25:562-565
71. Shen J, Person MD, Zhu J, Abbruzzese JL, Li D. Protein expression profiles in pancreatic adenocarcinoma compared with normal pancreatic tissue and tissue affected by pancreatitis as detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Cancer Res 2004;64:9018-9026